DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydrophobe N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydrophobe N US 2003O162683A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0162683 A1 Nagy et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 28, 2003 (54) HYDROPHOBIZING MICROEMULSIONS (22) Filed: Jun. 27, 2002 WHICH IMPROVE THE PROTECTION, DRYING RATE AND SHINE OF SURFACES Related U.S. Application Data (75) Inventors: Andras Nagy, Akron, OH (US); Joseph (62) Division of application No. 09/549,927, filed on Apr. P. Kennedy, Akron, OH (US); Lonn L. 14, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,462,009. Swinehart, Naples, FL (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: Daniel J. Hudak, Jr. (51) Int. Cl. ................................................. C11D 17/00 Hudak & Shunk CO., L.P.A. (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 510/407; 510/475; 510/504 Suite 808 7 West Bowery Street (57) ABSTRACT Akron, OH 44308-1133 (US) The present invention relates to microemulsion composi tions which can be utilized as coatings to improve the drying (73) Assignee: CAPITAL CHEMICAL COMPANY rate, protection, and Shine of various Surfaces, Specifically metallic vehicle Surfaces. Polyisobutylene, copolymers and (21) Appl. No.: 10/183,262 derivatives thereof are utilized as a hydrophobe. Hydrophobe N. MSO PB Quaternary Normal 1-1 Emulsifier is a (nonbranched) () (D aliphatic chains CH3 SN, -CH CHSN-CH -7774.7/ //7/477/7 Ys - Surface (negatively charged) Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 1 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 SVN ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ~~(~~ Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 3 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 O o O so S. c. 2 9 CD L Ol Oha yerr ?h baO ar-a3 an8 und2 - 3 3his CD O o CCA- a OW 8CD u - 8 Nan 9 8 E CC s 3 - as CS O - L- N C V C CN C (Sun Wue Cue) ee JW eoeuns Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 4 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 A'86 y’/6 £"|0||~~~~ 966 0'00||~~~~~~ ----------|-------------+ 0€0 S. g -----q----|---- LL ----A-l)-*------~~~~~----- TOE"ATT |w CD C) OAOÅG6 aT----?~~~A ----------|---------------------ÝAV– ----------------+---- O=OSW/gle+ (ee 5ep) effuW OeuOO Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003. Sheet 5 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 9."5)||-|| (%)ºqoqdq.upÁH?oup!!!sodulobOSW/gla (%)eqolqdoupÁHu?RIA | ----------------|90|| 09/0900||O7 ——————————?4)-----HG6 ---r--r--r--r--r----r??|06 (ee|†——|-|-~~~~?-----------------------+----------------------……….00|| fep) effuw JoeuOO 06080/.09090?708030!0 Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 6 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 -----------+----- !| ‘?enO+OSW (eel fiep) effuWoeluoo Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 7 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 o as a SS - S g 18 - S & - O g & S te O K 18 S S - 9 3 O & S - . O es o O o a N o - - do - CD O le em i a. S e && Se s C & OC &&.CSis : C C C C O C d wer c CN s (u/u?e if) eeJW JunfeSeejou Juffie/W Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 8 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 sepÁO ??~~~~~—-----~----|08-,•••••?*******~~~~~-…-, ~~~—--~--––]06 (%) eSee Ou Jufew Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 9 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 (ee bep) effuw OeuOO Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 10 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 08|03|0G | laquinNS??0ÁO?o 9 | 0|| G/ r-~~~~f~--~--~~~~--------|---------+------+----------r------ (eel fep) effuw Oeuod Patent Application Publication Aug. 28, 2003 Sheet 11 of 12 US 2003/0162683 A1 8€/01/9 O ||9|| ----|90|| |04 0|| 96 06 G8 08 (ee ubep) efjuv Joeuod US 2003/0162683 A1 Aug. 28, 2003 HYDROPHOBIZING MICROEMULSIONS WHICH waxes or rinse or drying aids in automatic car washes. The IMPROVE THE PROTECTION, DRYING RATE inventive emulsion replaces mineral Seal oil of prior art AND SHINE OF SURFACES emulsions with more environmentally acceptable simple esters of natural fatty acids having the general Structural FIELD OF THE INVENTION formula: 0001. The present invention relates to microemulsion compositions which improve the drying rate, protection, and Shine of various Surfaces, Specifically metallic Vehicle Sur faces. The coatings of the microemulsion compositions last Significantly longer, more easily remove water, and provide R-C-OR Shinier Surface protection than coating compositions previ ously known in the art. The microemulsion composition applied to Surfaces provides hydrophobized Surfaces and 0009 wherein R-C is from an acid moiety having leads to increased contact angles for water droplets, and thus approximately 12-26 carbon atoms, and R is from an a smaller “footprint” of the water droplets to facilitate their alcohol moiety having approximately 1-5 carbon atoms. In removal. an additional embodiment, the emulsion composition can include an amine oxide coupling Solvent or Solubilizer. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0010 U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,329 to Tarr, relates to water 0002. In the commercial automatic vehicle wash setting, repellent compositions including a Silico-titanium polymer, it is desirable to apply a vehicle or automotive wash aid Such a cationic, Surface-active quaternary ammonium compound, as a drying agent and/or Synthetic spray wax after the car is and a spreading agent which provides odor detection prop washed and rinsed. The drying agents or Spray waxes are erties. typically applied by Spraying them onto the Surface of the 0011 U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,702 to Kummer, et al., relates automobile during or after the rinse cycle. The drying to a proposed fuel or lubricant composition which contains agent-spray wax compositions electroStatically bond to the one or more polybutyl or polyisobutylamines of the general automobile Surface. Depending on the hydrophobicity of the formula: composition, the residual water which clings to the Surface tends to form beads or is “beaded”. Depending on the characteristics of the drying agents and/or Spray wax, the R2 water will run off the Surface at a certain rate, especially if R-CH -N during the drying Step jets of air are directed tangentially to 1. 2 V the automobile's Surface. Prior art drying agents and Spray R waxes typically utilize an oil based hydrophobe which tend to have poor durability and result in a greasy film which can be left on the windshield or glass Surfaces of an automobile. 0012 where R is a polybutyl- or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene 0003 U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,590 to Hei et al., relates to a and R2 and R are identical or different and are each touchless car wash composition that can be made from a hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary concentrate and diluted to use concentration using com or Secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or monly available Service water can comprise an ether amine polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical, or a or diamine in particular a fatty ether amine or diamine. hetaryl or hetercyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen 0004 U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,272 to Vicenzi, relates to an atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further automobile Spray wax composition incorporating an aro hetero atoms may be present. matic compound having at least one of two linear Cs to Co alkyl Substituents, and a preferred embodiment thereof 0013 U.S. Pat. No. 4,547,401 to Shore, is related to the including a compound identified and characterized by a CAS cleaning of the Surface of an object, Such as an automobile, registry number of 68988-79-4. during which the Surface is Subjected to a detergent and then rinsed with water and dried by beading, an optical brightener 0005 U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,419 to Popa et al., relates to a is injected into, or contained in, the detergent and/or the method for treating and protecting a Substrate, Said method rinsing water and/or the beading material. The inclusion of comprising coating the Surface of Said Substrate with a the optical brightener not only improves the appearance of composition comprising a blend of the cleaned object, giving it luster and causing it to gleam, 0006 (a) a polydimethylsiloxane polymer having a but also materially accelerates or improves the beading. viscosity at 25° C. of 5 to 100,000 cS; and 0014 U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,301 to Gammon, relates to 0007 (b) a polyisobutylene oligomer having a num microemulsion defoamer compositions which are oil in ber average molecular weight of 200 to 550. The water colloidal dispersions useful in defoaming aqueous treatment imparts an aesthetically pleasing appear Systems. Such as in paper machines and lateX paints. These ance to the Surfaces of plastic, rubber or leather compositions are prepared by mixing a water dispersible Substrates whereby Surface gloSS is enhanced, but not organic material, ethylene oxide condensate, coupling agent, excessively, as is the case for a comparable all water, basic material and antigelling agent. Silicone treating agent. 0.015 U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,075 to Basadur, relates to a 0008 U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,325 to Swenson et al., relates composition for improving the efficiency of automatic car to emulsion compositions which are used as auto Spray wash establishments by facilitating the drying of cars and for US 2003/0162683 A1 Aug. 28, 2003 imparting a protective coating to hard Surfaces Such as the invention relates to oil-in-water emulsions Suitable for exterior of cars which comprises non-volatile mineral oil, Simultaneous cleaning and coating of finished Surfaces. amine-functional polydimethylsiloxane (AFDS) and cat ionic emulsifier at critical levels and in critical proportions. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for applying a protective coating to hard Surfaces is also provided. 0024 stable emulsion such as the hydrophobizing micro emulsion compositions of the present invention, in addition 0016 U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electrification at Water–Hydrophobe Interfaces
    Electrification at water–hydrophobe interfaces Item Type Article Authors Nauruzbayeva, Jamilya; Sun, Zhonghao; Gallo Junior, Adair; Ibrahim, Mahmoud; Santamarina, Carlos; Mishra, Himanshu Citation Nauruzbayeva, J., Sun, Z., Gallo, A., Ibrahim, M., Santamarina, J. C., & Mishra, H. (2020). Electrification at water–hydrophobe interfaces. Nature Communications, 11(1). doi:10.1038/ s41467-020-19054-8 Eprint version Publisher's Version/PDF DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-19054-8 Publisher Springer Nature Journal Nature Communications Rights This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Download date 05/10/2021 16:06:59 Item License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665657 ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19054-8 OPEN Electrification at water–hydrophobe interfaces Jamilya Nauruzbayeva1,3, Zhonghao Sun 2,3, Adair Gallo Jr.1,3, Mahmoud Ibrahim1, J. Carlos Santamarina 2 & ✉ Himanshu Mishra 1 The mechanisms leading to the electrification of water when it comes in contact with hydrophobic surfaces remains a research frontier in chemical science.
    [Show full text]
  • Affinity of Small-Molecule Solutes to Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Chemically Patterned Interfaces in Aqueous Solution
    Affinity of small-molecule solutes to hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and chemically patterned interfaces in aqueous solution Jacob I. Monroea, Sally Jiaoa, R. Justin Davisb, Dennis Robinson Browna, Lynn E. Katzb, and M. Scott Shella,1 aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; and bDepartment of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 Edited by Peter J. Rossky, Rice University, Houston, TX, and approved November 17, 2020 (received for review September 30, 2020) Performance of membranes for water purification is highly influ- However, a molecular understanding that links membrane enced by the interactions of solvated species with membrane surface chemistry to solute affinity and hence membrane func- surfaces, including surface adsorption of solutes upon fouling. tional properties remains incomplete, due in part to the complex Current efforts toward fouling-resistant membranes often pursue interplay among specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, surface hydrophilization, frequently motivated by macroscopic electrostatics, dispersion) and molecular morphology (e.g., sur- measures of hydrophilicity, because hydrophobicity is thought to face and polymer configurations) that are difficult to disentangle increase solute–surface affinity. While this heuristic has driven di- (11–14). Chemically heterogeneous surfaces are even less un- verse membrane functionalization strategies, here we build on derstood but can affect fouling in complex ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Physics
    Biological Physics FYS4715 2020 Some questions Write, 5 min, read aloud the parts you want, publish anonymously, helpful for me • Why did you choose to follow FYS4715? • What do you expect to get out of the course? • What have you learnt previously that is relevant for the course? • What education background do you have? Themes this year • General: Processes on cellular and molecular scale • 1nm – 100 um • from atomic to macroscopic: stat mech • small scale: atomic forces, velocities, charges • large scale: surface tension, stress-strain, diffusion, osmosis, electrochemistry • Nelson ch 1-8, 12 + chosen topics • Projects: • Passive and active swimmers • Cellular Potts model (?) • Mechanobiology, effects of ultrasound on cells • Bioimpedance • Nerve impulses Chapter 1 • What is heat? • Entropy • 2nd law vs. order • Free energy • Osmosis • Physical models • For biologists: https://www.natur e.com/articles/d41 586-019-03960-z Biological Physics • In physics we make mathematical models and calculate stuff • What is the volume of one molecule of water? • Most famous model: ideal gas • equation of state: PV = nkBT • What is PV? • How much is kBT? pN forces nm distances Chapter 2: What’s inside cells • Biological question: How do organisms organize all the chemical processes? • Physical ideas • Compartmentalization • Active transport • Specific processes • Non-linearity -> switching in networks Polar – hydrophilic – water soluble Hydrophobe & amphiphile higher energy cost energy and entropy Important molecules • Important nitrogenous bases: Adenine,
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Hydrophobe Fraction Content on the Rheological Properties of Hydrosoluble Associative Polymers Obtained by Micellar Polymerization
    http://www.e-polymers.org e-Polymers 2012, no. 009 ISSN 1618-7229 Influence of hydrophobe fraction content on the rheological properties of hydrosoluble associative polymers obtained by micellar polymerization Enrique J. Jiménez-Regalado,1* Elva B. Hernández-Flores2 1Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA) Blvd. Enrique Reyna #140, 25253, Saltillo, Coahuila, México; e-mail: [email protected] bCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA) Blvd. Enrique Reyna #140, 25253, Saltillo, Coahuila, México; e-mail: [email protected] (Received: 20 November, 2009; published: 22 January, 2012) Abstract: The synthesis, characterization and rheological properties in aqueous solutions of water-soluble associative polymers (AP’s) are reported. Polymer chains consisting of water-soluble polyacrylamides, hydrophobically modified with low amounts of N,N-dihexylacrylamide (1, 2, 3 and 4 mol%) were prepared via free radical micellar polymerization. The properties of these polymers, with respect to the concentration of hydrophobic groups, using steady-flow and oscillatory experiments were compared. An increase of relaxation time (TR) and modulus plateau (G0) was observed in all samples studied. Two different regimes can be clearly distinguished: a first unentangled regime where the viscosity increase rate strongly depends on hydrophobic content and a second entangled regime where the viscosity follows a scaling behavior of the polymer concentration with an exponent close to 4. Introduction Water-soluble polymers are of great interest from the scientific as well as the technological point of view. These polymers have been subjected to extensive research [1]. Water-soluble polymers are present in the composition of different types of industrial formulations as stabilizing, flocculants, absorbent, emulsifiers, thickeners, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Prediction of Metabolic Stability and Bioavailability with Bioisosteric Replacements
    Prediction of Metabolic Stability and Bioavailability with Bioisosteric Replacements Alison Pui Ki Choy Clare College University of Cambridge Date of submission: September 2017 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prediction of Metabolic Stability and Bioavailability with Bioisosteric Replacements Alison Pui Ki Choy Abstract Drug development is a long and expensive process. Potential drug candidates can fail clinical trials due to numerous issues, including metabolic stability and efficacy issues, wasting years of research effort and resource. This thesis detailed the development of in silico methods to predict the metabolic stability of structures and their bioavailability. Coralie Atom-based Statistical SOM Identifier (CASSI) is a site of metabolism (SOM) predictor which provides a SOM prediction based on statistical information gathered about previously seen atoms present in similar environments. CASSI is a real-time SOM predictor accessible via graphical user interface (GUI), allowing users to view the prediction results and likelihood of each atom to undergo different types of metabolic transformation. Fast Metabolizer (FAME)1 is a ligand-based SOM predictor developed around the same time by Kirchmair et al. In the course of the evaluation of CASSI and FAME performance, the two concepts were combined to produce FamePrint. FamePrint is a tool developed within the Coralie Cheminformatics Platform developed by Lhasa Limited. which can carry out SOM predictions, as well as bioisosteric replacement identification. Same as CASSI, this is available via the Coralie application GUI. The bioavailability issues caused by the metabolic enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4, and transporter protein P-gylcoprotein are also investigated in this work, along with the potential synergistic relationship between the two systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Ionic Liquids in Membrane Separation
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2019 Applications of Ionic Liquids in Membrane Separation Mohanad Kamaz University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Complex Fluids Commons, Membrane Science Commons, and the Transport Phenomena Commons Citation Kamaz, M. (2019). Applications of Ionic Liquids in Membrane Separation. Theses and Dissertations Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3491 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Membrane Separation A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering by Mohanad Kamaz University of Basrah Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering, 2011 University of Arkansas Master of Science in Chemical Engineering, 2017 December 2019 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Ranil Wickramasinghe, Ph.D. Dissertation Director ____________________________________ ____________________________________ David Ford, Ph.D. Ed Clauson, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Xianghong Qian, Ph.D. Wen Zhang, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Ionic liquids represent an emerging attractive material in membrane technology. The central theme of this doctoral dissertation is to develope novel membranes using ionic liquids. Two different approaches were used to prepare ionic liquid membranes including the immobilization of ionic liquid within the membrane pores or the use of pressure assembly method to deposit a selective ionic liquid layer on the top membrane surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Covalently-Linked Complexes and Methods for Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Imaging
    Europaisches Patentamt 19 European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets © Publication number: 0 359 347 B1 12 EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION © Date of publication of patent specification © int. ci.5: A61K 47/42, A61K 49/02, 23.12.92 Bulletin 92/52 A61K 43/00 © Application number : 89250014.1 © Date of filing : 14.08.89 @) Covalently-linked complexes and methods for enhanced cytotoxicity and imaging. © Priority : 15.08.88 US 232337 © Proprietor : NEORX CORPORATION 410 West Harrison Street Seattle Washington 98119 (US) @ Date of publication of application 21.03.90 Bulletin 90/12 © Inventor : Anderson, David C. 2415 Thorndyke Avenue No.301 © Publication of the grant of the patent : Seattle Washington 98199 (US) 23.12.92 Bulletin 92/52 Inventor : Morgan, A. Charles 803 Driftwood Place Edmonds Washington 98020 (US) @ Designated Contracting States : Inventor : Abrams, Paul G. AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE 2125 First Avenue No. 1602 Seattle Washington 98121 (US) Inventor : Nichols, Everett J. © References cited : 12525 17th Avenue N.E. EP-A- 0 282 057 Seattle Washington 98125 (US) CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 108, no. 7, 1987, Inventor : Fritzberg, Alan R. abstract no. 48913a, Columbus, Ohio, US; J.M. 16703 74th Place West BOGGS et al.: Edmonds Washington 98020 (US) "Antigen-targetedliposome-encapsulated methotrexate specifically kills lymphocytes sensitized to the nonapeptide of myelin basic © Representative : Wablat, Wolfgang, Dr. Dr. protein ", & J.NEUROIMMUNOL, 17(1), 35-48 Potsdamer Chaussee 48 W-1000 Berlin 38 (DE) CO h- CO If) CO Note : Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonionic Surfactant to Enhance the Performances of Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding with a Low Salinity Constraint
    applied sciences Article Nonionic Surfactant to Enhance the Performances of Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding with a Low Salinity Constraint Shabrina Sri Riswati 1, Wisup Bae 1,*, Changhyup Park 2,* , Asep K. Permadi 3 and Adi Novriansyah 1 1 Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; [email protected] (S.S.R.); [email protected] (A.N.) 2 Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Korea 3 Petroleum Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.B.); [email protected] (C.P.); Tel.: +82-33-2506259 (C.P.) Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 25 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: This paper presents a nonionic surfactant in the anionic surfactant pair (ternary mixture) that influences the hydrophobicity of the alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) slug within low-salinity formation water, an environment that constrains optimal designs of the salinity gradient and phase types. The hydrophobicity effectively reduced the optimum salinity, but achieving as much by mixing various surfactants has been challenging. We conducted a phase behavior test and a coreflooding test, and the results prove the effectiveness of the nonionic surfactant in enlarging the chemical applicability by making ASP flooding more hydrophobic. The proposed ASP mixture consisted of 0.2 wt% sodium carbonate, 0.25 wt% anionic surfactant pair, and 0.2 wt% nonionic surfactant, and 0.15 wt% hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. The nonionic surfactant decreased the optimum salinity to 1.1 wt% NaCl compared to the 1.7 wt% NaCl of the reference case with heavy alcohol present instead of the nonionic surfactant.
    [Show full text]
  • A Different Microbiome Gene Repertoire in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Severe Lung Disease
    Supplementary Materials: A Different Microbiome Gene Repertoire in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Severe Lung Disease S1. Library preparation and NGS sequencing Qualified DNA samples were used to prepare sequence library with an insert size of 180 bp. First of all, purified DNA samples were sheared into smaller fragments by Nebulization technique. Then the overhangs resulting from fragmentation were converted into blunt ends by using T4 DNA polymerase, Klenow Fragment and T4 Polynucleotide Kinase. After adding an ‘A’ base to the 3' end of the blunt phosphorylated DNA fragments, adapters were ligated to the ends of the DNA fragments. After that, too short fragments were removed using Ampure beads. The qualified library was used for sequencing with 2G raw data output per sample and a length of 100bp per read. After raw data generation, low quality reads were removed. Data filtration was done by BGI custom scripts, and listed as follows: 1. removing reads with 3 N; 2. removing reads contaminated by adapter; 3. removing reads with a certain proportion of low quality bases (40% as default, parameter setting at 36 bp); 4. removing duplication contamination. Finally, the clean data obtained were used for subsequent bioinformatic analysis. The library preparation procedures, as well as the sequencing pipeline described here were implemented and performed by the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China). Additional details about the bioinformatics pipeline used in this work including information about raw data control were reported in the main text (Material and Methods section) and in S2 Table. S2. File to be uploaded to iPath site (http://pathways.embl.de/) Supplementary Figure Legends and Tables Figure S1.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Influence of Hydrophobe, Surfactant and Salt Concentrations
    Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ISSN: 1870-249X [email protected] Sociedad Química de México México Jiménez Regalado, Enrique Javier; Rivera Vallejo, Claudia Cecilia; Maldonado Textle, Hortensia; Guerrero, Ramiro; Espinosa Muñoz, Jorge Félix Influence of Hydrophobe, Surfactant and Salt Concentrations in Hydrophobically Modified Alkali- Soluble Polymers Obtained by Solution Polymerization Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, vol. 56, núm. 2, abril-junio, 2012, pp. 139-143 Sociedad Química de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=47523306009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 2012, 56(2), 139-143 ArticleInfluence of Hydrophobe, Surfactant and Salt Concentrations in Hydrophobically Modified Alkali-Soluble© 2012,Polymers Sociedad Química de México139 ISSN 1870-249X Influence of Hydrophobe, Surfactant and Salt Concentrations in Hydrophobically Modified Alkali-Soluble Polymers Obtained by Solution Polymerization Enrique Javier Jiménez Regalado, Claudia Cecilia Rivera Vallejo,* Hortensia Maldonado Textle, Ramiro Guerrero, and Jorge Félix Espinosa Muñoz Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA) Blvd. Enrique Reyna #140, C.P. 25253, Saltillo, Coahuila, México. [email protected] Received September 6, 2011; accepted February 17, 2012 Summary. The viscosity of hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble Resumen. Se investigó la viscosidad de polímeros modificados hi- polymers to different hydrophobic macromonomer concentrations in drofóbicamente a diferentes concentraciones de macromonómero hi- the presence of various concentrations of anionic surfactant and salt drófobo en presencia de tensoactivos aniónicos y sal a diferentes con- were investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrophobic Impregnation of Concrete Structures – Anders Selander
    Hydrophobic Impregnation of Concrete Structures – Effects on Concrete Properties Anders Selander Division of Structural Design and Bridges Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering School of Architecture and the Built Environment Royal Institute of Technology TRITA-BKN. Bulletin 104, 2010 ISSN 1103-4270 ISRN KTH/BKN/B--104--SE Doctoral Thesis Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm framlägges till offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen fredagen den 16 april kl. 10:00 i Sal D2, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm © Anders Selander PREFACE The research presented in this thesis was carried out at the Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI) and at the School of Architecture and the Built Environment at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), at the Division of Structural Design and Bridges. The financial support came from the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agriculture Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) and the Members´ Association of CBI. Additional help with field objects came from the City of Stockholm and the Swedish Road Administration. They are all gratefully acknowledged. I would first of all like to thank my supervisors for all the support during this work, Mårten Janz especially for your valuable input at the beginning of this project which pointed out the direction, Jan Trägårdh for being such an understanding boss and always taking your time to listen and discuss all sorts of problems and finally Professor Johan Silfwerbrand for finding time to comment my papers despite a full agenda and last but not least for your never ending optimism and enthusiasm for my research.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphiphilic Polypeptoids Rupture
    Article Cite This: Langmuir 2019, 35, 15335−15343 pubs.acs.org/Langmuir Amphiphilic Polypeptoids Rupture Vesicle Bilayers To Form Peptoid−Lipid Fragments Effective in Enhancing Hydrophobic Drug Delivery † † † ‡ ‡ † Yueheng Zhang, Zahra Heidari, Yang Su, Tianyi Yu, Sunting Xuan, Marzhana Omarova, § § ‡ † Yucel Aydin, Srikanta Dash, Donghui Zhang,*, and Vijay John*, † Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States ‡ Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States § Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Peptoids are highly biocompatible pseudopep- tidic polyglycines with designable substituents on the nitrogen atoms. The therapeutic and drug-carrying potential of these materials requires a fundamental understanding of their interactions with lipid bilayers. In this work, we use amphiphilic polypeptoids with up to 100 monomeric units where a significant fraction (26%) of the nitrogen atoms are functionalized with decyl groups (hydrophobes) that insert into the lipid bilayer through the hydrophobic effect. These hydrophobically modified polypeptoids (HMPs) insert their hydrophobes into lipid bilayers creating instabilities that lead to the rupture of vesicles. At low HMP concentrations, such rupture leads to the creation of large fragments which remarkably anchor to intact vesicles through the hydrophobic effect. At high HMP concentrations, all vesicles rupture to smaller HMP−lipid fragments of the order of 10 nm. We show that the technique for such nanoscale polymer−lipid fragments can be exploited to sustain highly hydrophobic drug species in solution. Using the kinase inhibitor, Sorafenib as a model drug, it is shown that HMP−lipid fragments containing the drug can efficiently enter a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh 7.5), indicating the use of such fragments as drug delivery nanocarriers.
    [Show full text]