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Internet Voting in Estonia

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Internet Voting in Estonia Internet Voting in Estonia Priit Vinkel, PhD Head of Secretariat Estonian National Electoral Committee Head of Elections Department Chancellery of Riigikogu C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Elections in Estonia • General (Riigikogu), 4 years, 101 MP, PR list system, multi-member (5-14) districts • Local government councils, 4 years, 213 units, PR list system, multi-member (7- 49) districts • European Parliament, 5 years, 6 MEP, PR list system, national multi-member district • Referendums, 1991 (independence), 1992 (constitution), 2003 (EU membership) C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Election Administration in Estonia C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Voting in Estonia C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Internet Voting? • In October 2005 Estonia had first-ever pan-national Internet Voting with binding results • Ever since, I-voting has been used in eight elections in total (three times in local, three times in parliamentary and twice in EP elections) C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Brief Pre-History • 2002 » Legal basis set in the law • 2003 » Project started: project manager and steering committee » Initial concept developed • 2004 » Security Analysis on concept » Refined concept » Use-case model developed » Public procurement: winner - Cybernetica » Development of the 1st version • 2005 » Pilot project in Tallinn in January » Municipal elections in October C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U The card Compulsory document for all residents! Contains: • Personal data file • Certificate for authentication (along with e-mail [email protected]) • Certificate for digital signature C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Mobile-ID • SIM-card with added eID functionality » Authentication » Digital signature • Certificates issued by the state » Phone – card reader » SIM – ID-card C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U I-voting Main Principles • All major principles of paper-voting are followed • Voting from any computer connected to the Internet • Alternative to the paper-ballot • Digital voter register based on population register • Voter's identification with eID • Virtual double envelope scheme • Public-private key cryptography • “Virtual voting booth” (changing the I-vote and supremacy of the paper vote) C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Envelope scheme Encrypted vote I-voters Digital signature I-votes Results Public key Private key C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U User view C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Website for voting www.valimised.ee Download and run Voting Application C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Run the Application • Select your eID C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U In case of ID-card... • Put your card into card reader • Insert PIN 1 C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U In case of Mobile-ID... Enter phone number . Verify verification code . Insert PIN 1 Valimised kontrollkood Sisesta PIN1 7030 **** Sisenen? C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U You are identified C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Ballot completion . Choose a candidate C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Confirmation (ID-card) . Confirm your choice with PIN2 C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Confirmation (mobile-ID) . Confirm your choice by signing digitally . Verify verification code . Insert PIN 2 Valimised kontrollkood Sisesta PIN2 3654 ***** Allkirjastan? C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Vote received C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Scheme of Verification C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Statistics & Sociological content C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U The spread of Internet Voting 100,0 176491 180000 140846 133 808 80,0 150000 104413 103151 120000 60,0 90000 40,0 58669 60000 30275 20,0 31,3 30,5 9317 30000 24,3 21,2 1,9 14,7 15,8 0,0 5,5 0 2005 2007 2009 EP 2009 2011 2013 2014 EP 2015 local national local national local national % of voters Internet voters C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U I-voting Statistics 2005 2007 2009 2009 2011 2013 2014 2015 LE PE EP LE PE LE EP PE Number of I-votes 9 681 31 064 59 579 106 786 145 230 136 853 105 170 181 084 Repeated i-votes 364 789 910 2 373 4 384 3 045 2 019 4 593 Number of I- 9 317 30 275 58 669 104 413 140 846 133 808 103 151 176 491 voters I-votes cancelled by 30 32 55 100 82 146 46 162 paper ballot I-votes counted 9 287 30 243 58 614 104 313 140 764 133 662 103 105 176 329 % of i-votes among total 1,9% 5,5% 14,7% 15,8% 24,3% 21,2% 31,3% 30,5% voters % of i-votes among total 7,2% 17,6% 45,4% 44% 56,4% 50,5% 59,2% 59,6% advance votes given Is it for young people only? C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U Is it for curious men? C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U All over the world... 116 countries in total, 5,7% (in 2015 PE) • Finland (2980) • Netherlands (243) • UK (940) • Thailand (152) • Sweden (852) • Poland (62) • Germany (541) • Cambodia (21) • Norway (521) • Sri Lanka (11) • U.S. (465) • Cyprus (9) • Denmark (360) • Fiji (6) • Belgium (330) • Iran (1) • Australia (324) • Bahamas (1) C… H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I• K Oetc... G U Why Estonia? • eID infrastructure • Political will (majority) • Compliance with general principles • Size of the country • Relatively high tech knowledge level • General attitude towards high-tech • Laziness • Weather C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U More information www.valimised.ee www.vvk.ee [email protected] C H A N C E L L E R Y O F R I I G I K O G U.
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