New Zealand Archivist Vol XV No 1 Autumn/March 2004 ISS 0114-7676 Ratana Archives Centre Opens

Rosemary Collier

On a windy but bright day, 23 January 2004, a major event occurred: the opening of a dedicated building for archives of the Ratana Church and Movement at Ratana Pa, 20km south-east of Wanganui, just off State Highway 3.

On a windy but bright Wanganui, Chas Poynter, and day, 23 January 2004, a the mayor of Rangitikei, Bob major event occurred: the Buchanan. (Although close to opening of a dedicated Wanganui, Ratana Pa is building for archives of the within the boundaries of Ratana Church and Rangitikei District). Movement at Ratana Pa, The driving force behind 20km south-east of this development has been the Wanganui, just off State work of Puawai and Arahi Highway 3. Taking place Hagger and the Uri during the annual hui Whakatupuranga (which (gathering or meeting), means the new generation) which attracts many team. Part of their vision for thousands of Ratana the preservation of the archives members from throughout and recognition of the history the country, it therefore of the Ratana Church and brought to the attention of Movement has now been hundreds of people the fulfilled, but this is far from the existence and importance of end of their plans and ideas. Ratana archives. The hui is It was unfortunate that held annually on the communication gaps had birthday of T. W. Ratana, the occurred (no fault of the Uri founder. Whakatupuranga team), and The combined Ratana the Prime Minister, Helen Brass Bands from all over Clark, was not formally the North Island played, guided off the marae to leading the huge L to R: Arahi Hagger, Hon. John Tamihere, Mayor Charles perform the opening, as procession, which included Poynter (Wanganui), Mayor Bob Buchanan (Rangitikei), expected. Nor did she make the Prime Minister, to the Puawai Hagger, holding the korowai (cloak) used by John any references to archives in marae. Despite the wind, Tamihere to unveil the plaque commemorating the grant her speech on the marae. Temple, Manuao (the from the Lottery Grants Board grant The Archives building was building on the marae formerly the Post Office for housing the whare kai [dining room] and other Ratana Pa, which (like so many) had been closed for functions); the word means man of war, or ark) and years. While it is a wooden building, therefore not Marae looked immaculate: lawns, gardens, potted ideal, Puawai Hagger, as project manager, has ensured shrubs and trees all contributed to an attractive setting. that fire and security precautions are of the highest The opening brought together everyone who was standard, as recommended by the Wormald Fire involved in any way with the establishment of the Protection company. The present writer was one of Archives Centre, and thus we were part of the occasion those asked for advice, and wrote a report on the of the first day of the annual hui. Speeches on the suitability of the building and its possibilities, among marae by the Prime Minister and others, with other topics. Jocelyn Cuming, Preservation Officer at accompanying waiata (songs), were forerunners (for the National Preservation Office based at National those of us interested in the archives side of things) to Library, also gave advice. As a former resident of the opening of the Archive Centre building. This was Wanganui she felt particularly keen to support the performed by the Associate Minister of Maori Affairs, efforts of the Uri Whakatupuranga team. Puawai had John Tamihere, with the assistance of the mayor of consulted her when visiting National Library. Jocelyn has undertaken to assist in obtaining funding for the Group, which was responsible for granting $40,000 microfilming of the only complete set of the Ratana from the Social Entrepreneur Fund, to allow the newspaper Whetu Marama o te Kotahitanga, which dates Haggers to travel to the South Island seeking archives from 1924 to the present. and memorabilia for the Centre. There they also As a result of the expert assessments, and the conducted interviews with older Ratana Maori with intrinsic value of what was happening, the Lottery tales to tell, which were recorded for future reference. Grants Board gave money for the refurbishment of the Until the grant from Lotteries was received, the building, including the provision of security and fire Haggers' work was self-financed and administered; a prevention features. A Rangitikei District Council labour of love. This grant was managed by the Uri grant paid for display boards and other features for Whakatupuranga Trust, the body within the Ratana the interior of the building. Movement officially responsible for the archives project. The building has been painted dark blue and red, The Ratana Archive Centre is concentrating on with Uri Whakatupuranga logo on its front wall: a gold visual and oral archives at present, but is also seeking star shooting off a coloured rainbow in the five primary paper documents. There are hopes that before long it colours used by the Ratana Movement and Church. will be able to house official Ratana paper archives, Also invited to the function was Taina H. Tangaere and remove them from their present inadequate McGregor, Oral Historian, Maori, at the Alexander accommodation. Turnbull Library. Taina remarked on the great effort Now there are plans to disseminate the knowledge that the Uri Whakatupuranga team had achieved with gained from the archives through an education so little resources. She was amazed how they had set programme. up the Archives Centre, the collections they had Contact for the Ratana Archives Centre is Puawai acquired, and she approved of their gaining expert Hagger, 027 2319050. More information on the Ratana advice. She was mindful that Puawai had said there Church and Movement can be gained from the website: was much more to do, such as getting money for www.tehaahiratana.co.nz (Te Haahi Ratana means the shelving for the paper archives. Nevertheless, the Ratana Church.) work they had done, the advice they had had, and the help they received with translations of documents, all See News Items for newspaper stories about the Haggers, boded well for the future. Ratana Archives and the new Archive Centre. Another person present was Lainey Cowan who Thanks are due to Taina McGregor, and Puawai and works for the government's Community Employment Arahi Hagger for assistance in compiling this report.

Guests, including your Editor, view the displays, which include a large photograph ofT.W. Ratana Puawai Hagger entering the newly opened Archives Centre

Hon. Pakekura Horomia talking to guests at the opening Tania Me Gregor, /., Arahi Hagger, r., and Lainey Cowan Bank of New Zealand re-opens its museum

Robin H. Griffin

"Ah, sweet mystery of Banking” is brilliantly evoked in the revamped, refurbished and re-opened Bank of New Zealand Museum in the Grand Annexe in Wellington by the dim lighting which begins at the entrance, reminiscent of an old-time bank, many of which had dim lighting and mysterious interiors.

All the artefacts that were in the old museum (and Thereby hangs a true story: one day a general some more) are on view, but re-organised in a more manager brought to one of the tellers, who did not comprehensible manner. recognise him, some handfuls of cash which he had The major innovation as compared with the old found when going through the pockets of his suits. museum is the illustrated timeline of the Bank's He laid them in neat piles on the counter according history just inside the museum's entrance. One can't to their denominations, which the teller counted. cover every aspect of the history of the Bank; the time­ When she had finished, he asked if he had recorded line would need to be as long as Willis Street to cover the amounts correctly on his deposit voucher and she all the important dates exhaustively. One unfortunate affirmed this, whereupon he asked her if he would omission, in my view, is the photograph of the special make a good teller. She replied that he would, but he constables appointed during the strike on the wharves would not want to be one because the pay was too in 1913. You guessed it - they were bankers, showing lousy! Thereafter, photographs of the Board thereby their middle class and commercial Chairman, the General Manager and other senior sympathies for law and order. executives were placed on all the tellers' counters. "Would Madam and Sir like to sit down?" In the The average visitor, especially from overseas, may museum we have a selection of chairs used in the wonder why yachts feature in one of the displays. Bank since the beginning of the 1900s. The oldest is Are bankers hankering for a life on the ocean wave? the one made from the timbers of Plimmer's "Noah's No; this reflects the huge amount of money the Bank Ark", i.e. the 19th century ship Inconstant. The remains put into the sponsorship of the New Zealand boat in of the ship were discovered under the old bank (now the America's Cup some years ago, which we won! The Old Bank Arcade) across the road when the New Zealand bankers are loyal to their namesake! basement was being excavated during restoration of These are but a selection of the exhibits on show in the building about six years ago. There are also solid the brilliantly revamped BNZ Archives Museum, and hard chairs which were used at write-up desks which is now much better than it was originally. in the old days: where staff wrote up the ledgers. The Exhibits will be changed from time to time, so that Dunedin Branch Manager's old chair also features. repeat visits should always be interesting. Visitors Then there are comparatively recent office chairs with get to take away a set of copies of six historic no arms, in which you can do your knitting when photographs in the form of postcards. you have nothing else to do on your typewriter. The The Museum is open 10 am to 4pm, Tuesdays, more modern lime-green upholstered chair is my Wednesdays, Thursdays, by appointment. Telephone especial favourite! [This one probably dates from Barbara Allen, on 04-474-6933. c.1993, and still had its manufacturer's label on it when I started work at BNZ Archives in early 2001. The Museum was reopened on 9 December 2003, by the Ed.] The chairs are all lined up as if they were in a Bank's Managing Director, Peter Thodey. Its appearance theatre, waiting for their patrons. and contents are not only a tribute to the designer, Andrew If you are unsure of the time, there is a collection of Thomas, and the current Manager, Museum and Archives, dial clocks typical of those used in the earlier part of Barbara Allen but also to Robin Griffin, former Archivist, the last century; antique-dealers would kill to possess who collected most of the artefacts and archives on show. any of these! Included is one three feet in diameter. It The museum helps to complete an archipelago of was originally on the wall in the old banking chamber museums and Archives in Wellington, which starts with across the road. It was found by yours truly, lying Archives New Zealand in Mulgrave Street, and trails forlorn and neglected in the basement of what is now through the National Library, to the waterfront. Here, in The Old Bank Arcade. After repair, it was hung in the sequence, are the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts and refurbished Te Aro Branch, now Burger King, at James the Museum of Wellington City and Sea. Here also you Smith's comer in Cuba Street. None of the clocks is can see the largest remaining parts of the Inconstant, in going. One is set at nine o'clock and another at five Plimmer's Ark Gallery, to the seaward side of the Events o'clock; more or less the starting and finishing times Centre on Queen's Wharf, next to the Chicago Bar. The for generations of slaving bankers. New Zealand Film Archive has now moved from Cable Street, so the next stop is the Westpac Archives on Lambton location of the City Art Gallery. After the Film Archive, Quay (making a slight arc inland). Then there is Bank of another south-easterly spin finds the Wellington City New Zealand Museum and Archives between Willis Street Archives, at Barker Street, off Cambridge Terrace. The and Boulcott Street. After that, a trip south-east finds the semi-circle is completed by Te Papa, at the eastern end of Film Archive in Taranaki Street, via Civic Square, the the waterfront. Any more candidates? [Ed.]

Barbara Allen, Manager, BNZ Museum and Archives, in the Barbara Allen, seated on a chair made from timbers from the histone teller box, BNZ Musuem. Inconstant (wrecked 1850), later Plimmer’s “Noah’s Ark’’, with Andrew Thomas, museum designer. They examine one of the Bank’s early ledgers. A display of Bank chairs through the decades. Close-up of the write-up desk in the teller box. Photo: Gail Griffin

Office machines, ancient and modem. Display of visual archives from just two of the many BNZ branches. Photo: Gail Griffin

Clocks preside over the activity centre, where visitors may try out an old typewriter, a seal press, and read the (duplicate) copies of BNZ Staff News through the decades, and also Barbara Allen with former BNZ Archivist, Robin Griffin, at the consult a modem touch-screen computer, which shows branch opening. locations and photographs. Relationships in Records (6): Everything is Related to Something Else

Chris Hurley "... agencies are episodes in the life of a function ...”1

6.1 To extrapolate: everything is an episode in dealing with identity, and functional entities/objects, the life of something else. So it appears, at any rate, dealing with purpose, behave in the real world which from a recordkeeping point of view. This is the idea recordkeepers encounter in modern times when to which concrete expression (practical dealing with corporate enterprises, both public and implementation, if you insist) was given in Part One. private. It needs to be noted, however, that the implied There, we saw that families, people, enterprises, and nature of provenance-to-function relationships agencies2 -i.e. entities/objects expressing ideas about expounded in Part One is particular to time and place. identity or provenance - can be understood in relation It is not the basis of a universal principle, but rather to functions of which they are the successive the demonstration of one. embodiment (episodes) and hence in relation to each 6.4 The concepts in which we clothe the kind of other. We saw how a sequence of ownership entities/objects with which we deal, and the modelling relationships (understood as episodes) within the life we use to manage them in the particular, contingent of a function provided the basis upon which a sequence space where we operate, should not be confused with of succession relationships could be established a conceptual model. In contingent space, an between the entities/objects that carried on the organisation or enterprise is an ambient entity, owning function in each episode. Later we shall see how a agencies. Conceptually, this must be expressed sequence of ownership relationships in the life of differently: A provenance entity is the child of one or (trans)actions can provide the basis upon which a more ambient entities (ambience is the context of sequence of succession relationships can be established provenance). It follows that anything that gives context between the entities/objects that document the to provenance, whether it is an enterprise or not, is (trans)actions - and hence establish the basis for ambient. You cannot say that an enterprise comprising serialisation in cyberspace, or anywhere else. numerous and complex parts is necessarily ambient, 6.2 It is proposed, in other words, that the regardless of whether or not it fits some contingent mystery3 of the series (cf. Part Four) lies in the definition of "organisation" - even if recordkeeping succession of episodes with which documentary traces appears to be carried out by the organisational parts are associated. It is not the documentary traces which rather than by the enterprise. are in sequence, but the episodes in life which they 6.5 The rationale for the existence of the enterprise document. In the paper world, it is not the original may appear to you or me to be the organisation of the order of the papers which is ultimately important, but component parts through which the enterprise acts. the original order of the life-events which they By assigning it an ambient role in your descriptive document. A recordkeeping process organises the system, you are adding this perception to the traces into a sequence which provides best evidence documentation of recordkeeping acts - imposing your of the sequence of events in a business process. In perception onto the face of the record. This is not a cyberspace, it now seems likely, technology will be able criticism; giving context to evidence is a legitimate to track the sequences of the manifold business recordkeeping act. The point is that it is not necessary processes through which documentary traces pass. to use an enterprise comprising numerous and Recordkeepers, involved in the design and complex parts as an ambient entity/object. Ambience maintenance of such systems, must identify which is not implicit in the nature of a complex enterprise. sequences should be protected and preserved4, and 6.6 It is a mistaken understanding of this, and supply the enduring source of metadata which will the observation that the enterprise does not produce encapsulate the traces which track those sequences in records except through the activities of its component evidential defences. parts, which has led Australian and New Zealand 6.3 The demonstration in Part One of the recordkeepers to promulgate a rule that organisations principle that sequence is implicit in ownership and families cannot create records (even if they do)5. showed how this key concept might be applied into What this means at an implementation level is that, if the world of recordkeeping. It derived from you nominate something as an "organisation", it observations about how provenance entities/objects, should be the kind of enterprise that acts, in your perception, indirectly through its agents, not directly. not usual in the recordkeeping world with which we Or, in the alternative, if you have something to are familiar, but it is well known to history. In earlier document that is a record-creator, you should times, offices were stable and it was their functions document it as a provenance rather than as an ambient which altered. Examples are numerous. Let that of entity. In this implementation view, an enterprise the office of chancellor suffice. cannot be a record-creating entity (or, if it is, it isn't an 6.11 The original chancellors were the cancellarii enterprise). The correct view, however, is that an of Roman courts of justice, ushers who sat at the enterprise may be either ambient or provenance or both cancelli or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court - depending on the circumstances. ... later ... the cancellarii were promoted at first to 6.7 The ICA's standard for authorities, however, notarial duties ... Under the Frankish kings ... the eschews this rule. The ICA standard tries to provide cancellarii were subordinates of the great officer of state rules for the description of any identity entity/object called the referendarius, who was the predecessor of (or so they believe) which can be either an organisation, the more modern chancellor. The office became an agency, an agent, or an actor as portrayed in Figure established under the form archi-cancellarius, or chief One. This means, to use an example which is becoming of the cancellarii. Stubbs says that the Carolingian an exemplar for the confusion of mind which all this chancellor was the royal notary and the arch-chancellor is generating, that in ICA parlance an "organisation" keeper of the royal seal ... Such an office possessed can write a letter, whereas in Australian ("Series") an obvious capacity for developing on the judicial as parlance it cannot. Australians are coming well as the administrative side ... In England the office dangerously close in their implementation models to of chancellor dates back to the reign of Edward the saying that a letter must be the contents of a record Confessor, the first English king to use the Norman and cannot, therefore be composed by an "agency", practice of sealing instead of signing documents; and much less an "organisation". Some tuned-in ICA folk from the Norman Conquest onwards the succession of could be forgiven for seeing all this as a vindication of chancellors [in England] is continuous ....7 the fonds and an acceptance by the Antipodeans of the Multi-Level Rule6: viz. that relationships are formed These are but the first steps in the long and logically according to the characteristics of entities convoluted pathway by which the English office of Lord rather than contingently according to their use. Chancellor (only now on the verge of extinction) became 6.8 Who is correct? Well, neither of them really. head of the British legal establishment (and, incidentally, Certainly, an "organisation" can compose a letter but responsible for the English national archives). Along when it does so it is not an "organisation" as most the way, the position became speaker or prolocutor of implementations of the Australian ("Series") system the House of Lords. This is a fine example of functions understand it. When an organisation writes a letter it being only episodes in the life of an agency. is an actor - an entity/object representing structure at 6.12 Before restating our general principle as it the level of content ("content of what?" is a question relates to the overall theme of these articles, and we may get to in a later part). Suffice it to say here looking into its application at the granular level of that an entity/object must be defined (conceptually) creation and capture, let us establish a more unified not by its characteristics but by its relationships. When view of the methods by which context can be an enterprise is the parent of entities/objects that established and managed. To do this, allow me to function as record creators ,then it is an ambient entity/ introduce you to a HERO8 - see Figure Nine. The object in the area of identity. Should the same HERO is based loosely on the results of the SPIRT enterprise, with identical characteristics, operate as a Recordkeeping Metadata Project9 and assumes an letter-writer then, from that point of view, it is a object-oriented technological environment of the kind contents entity/object in the area of identity - an actor. presaged by David Bearman10. 6.13 The HERO functions within a system as the 6.9 It is simply not possible, by observing the validation or source entity/object for some characteristics of an entity/object a priori, to say what recordkeeping metadata. Theoretical questions not kind of function it performs in a recordkeeping process addressed here include: posteriori. In order to do that, it should surprise no Can the HERO be the validation for all one to learn, you must observe and document what a. recordkeeping metadata? function it actually performs in a real recordkeeping b. Can a HERO be sourced from outside a system?11 process. When you put it like that, it really is obvious. For the purposes of this illustration, let us assume As we have already seen, all recordkeeping is that we want every recordkeeping object to carry contingent. The relationships between any two (either inscribed upon it, inherited by it, or refer­ entities/objects cannot be inferred logically from their enced to it) certain data about the circumstances of nature and characteristics - they can only be observed its creation and use. This is a not-uncommon contingently from their actual behaviour, from the recordkeeping requirement. For the purposes of this inter-action they have in the real world with other example we will assume seven mandatory metadata entities/objects. fields. There will, of course, be more than that but 6.10 To illustrate this more universal principle, let many (including creator, dates, versions, security, us return to the beginning of Part 6 and observe that it etc.) can now be fairly safely assumed to be stand­ is equally possible, conceptually speaking, for ard features in any system; they must, of course, functions to be episodes in the life of an agency. It is still be specified in any requirements document. Figure Nine THE HERO (Hurley’s Enduring Recordkeeping Object)

Category Type Identifier Reference Control Dates : —: Created —: Due for Revision --: Revisec —: Deleted Existence Dates Use/Contents Dates Name,Title Alternative Name/Title (Co-ordinate) Alternative Name/Title (Subordinate) Version Author Author’s Notes Sources Business Rules Level Status (Entity) Status (Documentation) Security —: Access --: Edit etc Child of Dates Interaction Dates Predecessor/Successor Date Jurisdiction Dates Subject Authority Sequence/Series Classification/Function Abstract (Scope N ote): 1 Language (Resource) 1 Language (Content) Location Legislation (Entity) Legislation (Resource) Event History Event ID --: Event Type —:Event Description --: Event Date/Time Action Officer External User Disposal Action Disposal Authorisation --: Authoriser —: Date Verification Notification Disposal Authority Authorisation Version Record Class Status —: Sentence 1 Content

6.14 In Figure Nine, the HERO'S content is shown application. As we have seen in Figure Eight, these in the unshaded box, its own metadata is shown in can be laid out on a dissection table illustrating the the grey-shaded boxes, and the obligatory metadata types into which the fonds can be deconstructed. What requirements it shares with all other recordkeeping the HERO represents is a bringing back together again objects are shown in black. As with any system of this of all the common features of the entity/object types kind, reports can be specified. into which a fonds has been deconstructed using 6.15 In Figure Nine, the HERO itself carries the Australian ("Series") System. same mandatory fields as any other entity/object, so 6.17 The next step is to organise the remaining it can be used to demonstrate both the source of the metadata - that which is not common - into HERO mandatory metadata and its use12. The HERO can be sub-types, see Figure Ten. Anything belonging to a the vehicle for any of the entities/objects shown in HERO sub-type will thus inherit metadata from the Figure One. Being an entity/object in its own right, HERO sub-type directly, and from the HERO super­ the HERO is not simply a description of the type, vicariously through inheritance via the HERO components of the recordkeeping process, it is (from sub-type. It will be seen that I cannot think up much the system's point of view) the thing itself. We do not metadata that cannot be held in the super-type, but simply have a description of the records-creator as part this is, no doubt, a failure of imagination on my part. of the recordkeeping process, we have the records- 6.18 All this is a paradoxical kind of vindication creator itself (himself or herself) inside the system and, for the ICA's Multi-Level Rule, about which I have if we so design it, immutably part of the record forever. been so scathing. After nearly fifty years, the 6.16 In an object-oriented system, the universal internationals are just now undertaking the process of HERO type (super type) will carry all of the metadata deconstruction initiated under the Australian "Series" that is common to the various entity/object types System so long ago. Meanwhile, here am I going back which are possible in an Australian ("Series") System in the opposite direction, like ships passing in the night Figure Ten HERO SUPER-TYPE (with system generated metadata excised) Category Type Identifier Reference Existence Dates Name/Title Alternative Name/Title (Co-ordinate) Alternative Name/Title (Subordinate) Author’s Notes Sources Business Rules Level Status (Entity) Status (Documentation) Child of Dates Interaction Dates Predecessor Date Successor Date Jurisdiction Dates Subject Authority Sequence/Series Classification/Function Abstract (Scope Note): Language (Resource) Language (Content) Legislation (Entity) Legislation (Resource) Disposal Action Disposal Authorisation -: Authoriser : Date --: Verification --: Notification Disposal Authority --: Authorisation —: Versioi i --: Record Class —: Status : Sentence Content

Sub-Type Function Sub-Type Authority Sub-Type Sequence Operational Dates Activity Dates Use Dates Contents Dates

(Metadata inherited via system object types)

Function Authority Sequence Category' Type Identifier Name/Title Existence Dates Other metadata to type includeing *RKMS Content Disposal: Action Authorisation Authority +BEARMEO - Recordkeeping Object (repeated) in a fog of mutual incomprehension, and can inherit and give (by inheritance) characteristics to reconstructing all those component parts into a single other objects. This enables an heroic object to inherit (heroic) entity/object type. Well, if you have followed metadata, and thus context and succession, from other me thus far, you will know that is not really what I'm objects and, in turn, to inscribe context and succession doing, but the humour of it is there to be enjoyed all upon the face of successive versions of other objects the same. The HERO is not an implementation of the (including "records"13). It will be seen that the HERO ICA's rule, which remains, as I have said, flawed can document anything - an enterprise, an "agency", because it assumes a logical application. Each HERO a "series" or sequence, a function, an act, an actor, simply provides one view, one of many, both in and anything. The type of thing it is, i.e. the kind of role it through time. It satisfies my primary requirement of fulfils inside the system, is specified, e.g. in category all such views - that it is a contingent view, not a logical type and level14. Not everything requires heroic view of the stuff. context, but records certainly do. 6.19 Like all objects, the HERO can itself be 6.20 The HERO can be used to populate any versioned and most of its metadata is repeatable; the metadata field in one of Bearman's metadata- IT equivalent of multiple provenance. In addition, it encapsulated-objects (BEARMEOs)15. The HERO illustrated here can barely manage that, for what it is enance" op. cit. Conceptually, the rule is: ambience gives context worth, for seven of the metadata types Bearman listed. to provenance, provenance gives context to records, and records give context to documents. The particular focus of these articles, however, has not been how to implement SPIRT, build a BEARMEO, or 6 hi the case of some Antipodeans, they would be correct. apply the recordkeeping metadata requirements; these 7 The Encylopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 1910-1911), vol. v, have been almost assumed. They are about re­ pp.832-833. establishing recordkeeping sequences in cyberspace, 8 Hurley's Enduring Recordkeeping Object answering the question "what happened next?" Those 9 Glenda Acland, Kate Cumming, and Sue McKemmish, "The end relationships are shown here as metadata on the face of the beginning: the SPIRT recordkeeping metadata project" Pa­ of the HERO itself (under the heading: 'Relationships'). per for Archives at Risk: Accountability, Vulnerability and Credibility, It is assumed that there will be a similar metadata 1999 Annual Conference o f the Australian Society of Archivists, July 1999 which may be found at http://recrg.dstc.edu.au/publica- requirement for the BEARMEO itself and that this tions/asaq99.html. See also Sue McKemmish, Glenda Acland, cannot be satisfied simply by linking the BEARMEO Nigel Ward, and Barbara Reed "Describing records in context in with a HERO. the continuum: the Australian Recordkeeping Metadata Schema" 6.21 The proposition that remains to be explored is Archivaria (48) Fall 1999 which may be found at http:// rcrg.dstc.edu.au/publications/archiv01.htm that HEROs can be used to manage any of the entities/ objects outlined in Figure One and that, on the principle 10 David Bearman, "Item Level Control and Electronic Recordkeeping", Archives and Museum Informatics, vol.10, #3, p.195- already outlined, any HERO can be shown to be in 245 which can be found at http://www.archimuse.com/papers/ sequence with another based on properly managed nhprc/item-lvl.html ownership relationships. It follows that the trace of 11 That is, can a system-dependent object find its validation from a (trans)actions can be placed in sequence with another context that is documented outside the system? Can the HERO by means of ownership relations with HEROs thus transmit validation by operating in conformity to a general-pur­ sequenced. It will be recalled that, in Part Five, it was pose extensible metadata management schema (GEMMS)? demonstrated that the sequencing of documents in a 12 In the real world there is an architectural problem with having recordkeeping process is but a mimicking of the HEROs inscribed with the same metadata requirements as the ob­ process which actually organises the (trans)actions - jects referenced to them, but we will ignore that. Whether HEROs are just like any other object, super-objects, or look-ups in a linked viz. a business process. If all of the elements in a relational database is a matter for the techos. business process were documented as HEROs (or 13 I am placing the word "record" in inverted commas in this dis­ inherited the requisite metadata from one or more cussion to indicate that there is an unresolved issue around HEROs), the work-flow (or contingent structure16) of whether or not the context is part of the record. This is not unre­ the business process would provide the basis upon solved in my mind - of course it is part of the record. In order to which ownership relationships, and hence succession participate in the discourse over descriptive standards, however, relationships, could be captured. in terms which others will follow, it is sometimes necessary to speak as if it were not.

* (Australian) Recordkeeping Metadata Scheme 14 Within a system the ultimate HERO might be an entity/object standing for the whole enterprise. There is nothing preventing + See para. 6.20 that HERO being referenced, however, to other external HEROs using a general-purpose exstensible metadata management schema (GEMMS) - see footnote 8. 1 Chris Hurley, "Problems with provenance" Archives & Manuscripts November, 1995 (Vol. 23, No. 2), p. 253 which may be found at 15 It is assumed that the source of metadata for disposal will be car­ http://rcrg.dstc.edu.au/publications/provenance.html ried within the Function-HERO (for functional appraisal), the Authority-HERO (for structural appraisal), or the Sequence-HERO 2 What are now being called "authorities" in the professional discourse. See ISAAR(CPF): International Standard Archival Authority for Corporate (for records appraisal). Bodies, Persons and Families. This may be found at http: / / www.ica.oig/ 16 In systems terms, workflow has, regrettably, come to mean pre­ biblio.php?pbodycode=CDS&ppubtype=pub&plangue=eng determined patterns into which actions are forced to fit. There is 3 "mystery : ... 7.(pi.) rites or secrets known only to those specially no reason why the same functionality, with very little modifica­ initiated ..." The Penguin Macquarie Dictionary (Ringwood, Victo­ tion, could not "workflow" actions as or after they occur; some ria, Penguin Books, 1968), p.410. logging and audit trail functionality already does this. I don't know enough about it, but I understand there is theoretical work 4 And, it should not need to be said, useable. It does need to be which aims to establish that the whole of human activity actually said, alas, because of certain silly criticisms which are still being consists of relatively few types (be they processes, object types, made about recordkeeping being hostile to use. structures, whatever) and that everything we identify in business 5 It was the observation of this fallacy which led me to explore the analysis on the ground is only some variation of one of these com­ phenomenon more deeply in my article : "Problems with prov­ mon types. Review

Rosemary Collier

Archives and Manuscripts the Journal o f the Australian Society of Archivists. Vol.31 no.l, May 2003. Free to ASA members; available for loan from Rosemary Collier, 43 Gordon Road, Plimmerton 6006.

This is a bumper issue of Archives and Manuscripts: political parties and Members of Parliament, in allowing firstly, it commemorates the life (and recent death) of the full story to be revealed on political matters: that outstanding Australian archivist, Ian Maclean. "Political Archives: Defining Key Issues In A Significant Tributes by Bob Sharman and David Roberts recall his Private Records Arena". role in leading the development of what is now the Barbara Reed, noted recordkeeping consultant, National Archives of Australia, and in expressing ideas contributes the first of two articles on the theme and theories to deal with the particular difficulties for "Diverse Influence: An Exploration of Australian archivists in a relatively young nation (much younger Appraisal Practice". This a careful and valuable than New Zealand, we often forget, likewise its flag), treatise on the development of appraisal practice in in which the administrative arrangements of the new Australia which certainly echoes meaningfully in New Commonwealth government changed frequently. Zealand. The second part, intended to 'explore the Maclean was bom in New Zealand, and he moved emergence of Australian functions-based approach to with his parents to Melbourne at the age of eight. recordkeeping' should make for interesting and Roberts is the nephew of Maclean, and recalls the instructive reading, bearing in mind, however, that latter's influence in his choosing an archives career, functional current record-keeping has a longer history, and also Maclean's love of Gilbert and Sullivan, which at least in central government, in New Zealand than led to his singing, in the midst of a (private) discussion in Australia. Extensive endnotes reveal the wide on electronic records "It is the very model of a modem reading Reed has done on the subject. However, I Data General"! would have expected the late eminent archivist of the The 50th anniversary of the founding of what was University of Sydney's name to be spelt correctly as then (1994) the Australian Archives was celebrated Gerald Fischer, and not appear as 'Fisher', (p.78) with the publication of a festschrift for Ian Maclean Perhaps the most fascinating article is yet another The Records Continuum: Ian Maclean and Australian on Queensland's 'Heiner Affair': "In the Agora The Archives first fifty years (reviewed in New Zealand Rule of Law: Model Archival Legislation in the Wake Archivist, vol. VI no.3, September 1995). of the Heiner Affair", by Kevin Lindeberg, who is The rest of the volume is packed with articles of described as 'the key whistleblower in the Heiner interest and importance to archivists, and extensive Affair, also called Shreddergate'. ('Agora' is Greek News Notes and International Notes, including reports for 'public assembly' Ed.) He examines, with help from on the current state of representative Archives Dr Terry Cook, (from Winnipeg, Canada and recently institutions in New Zealand: government, a local in New Zealand) the implications of the affair for authority, a bank, research libraries. There is also a archives legislation. report from New Zealander Evelyn Wareham, A significant sentence is "Legislative guarantees Programme Officer at the International Council on must be put in place to afford all public archivists Archives in Paris, where she is based at the historic sufficient authority, independence, and protection in French Archives Nationales site in the Marais. the carrying out their [sic] function, so that the rule of The first notable article is entitled "Public Records, law becomes more secure." (p.99) Public Consultation: The involvement of stakeholders An article by the archivist in question in the Heiner in the selection of records at the Public Record Office, Affair was republished in New Zealand Archivist Vol. VII the United Kingdom National Archive", in which Dr no.3, September 1996, from The Records Continuum: Ian Stephen Twigge, who works in the Records Maclean and Australian Archives First Fifty Years. Management Department at the National Archives, In it, Lee McGregor states that the Act current at UK. He is 'responsible for basing [sic] with that time in Queensland, the Libraries and Archives government departments and selecting records for Act 1988, allowed that the State Archivist could be permanent preservation.' He describes the astonishing directed by the Minister. A legal opinion sought in level of stakeholder involvement in the selection fo (significantly) 1990 stated that the State Archivist could records for permanent preservation, and also the be directed on the issue of disposal of records. She policies developed regarding the deposit of central went on: "Thus the present Act offers little protection government records in UK institutions other than the for the independence of the decision making function, National Archives. a fact which was commented unfavourably on by the An article by Joanne Anthony discusses the Electoral and Administrative Review Commission in importance of political archives, including those of its Review of Archives Legislation in 1992." (p.5) Lindeberg goes on to outline seven cardinal interfere with the course of justice and thus the rule provisions which should be in all archives legislation. of law. One is reminded of various attempts here The prime one is that the State/Federal Archivist to "relegate your talents solely to historical and should be an Officer of Parliament, in the same way heritage issues", (p.103) as Ombudsmen, thus having independence from In the review section of the issue is one by David government. He states further that the Archives Office Roberts of a book quoted several times by should be able to have access to independent legal Lindeberg: Richard J. Cox and David A. Wallace counsel, if a matter should come up in dispute between (eds), Archives and the Public Good: Accountability it and another government agency, rather than both and Records in Modern Society, Quorum Books, being required to use the Crown Law Office. (The Westport, Connecticut, USA, 2002. In commending Editor recalls incredulity from English colleagues at the book, and its Australian content and the possibility of a crown agency disagreeing in public application, Roberts nevertheless fails to spell with another: government is supposed to be one, and Lindeberg correctly. all disagreements sorted out behind closed doors. But There are numerous 'typos' and grammatical such disagreements have come up publicly in New errors in this 191-page issue, and lack of consistency Zealand as well as in Australia.) of style in the use of initial capitals in the titles of Lindeberg concludes that the archivist must not articles. This is surely not good enough for a favour one side to the detriment of another; this could refereed journal.

Latest news from The Friends of the Alexander Turnbull Library

Lilbum Biographer wins FoTL Research Grant

Philip Norman of Christchurch is the recipient of the first Friends of the Turnbull Library Research Grant. The grant of $5000for 2004 will assist Dr Norman in the completion of his research for a biography of the late Douglas Lilbum, distinguished New Zealand musician and composer.

Dr Norman will have access to the latest Lilburn The Research Grant will be offered for each of the papers deposited in the Alexander Turnbull Library. next three years and consists of an annual grant of Douglas Lilburn and his work were the subject of between $3000 and $5000 offered to assist scholars his doctoral thesis and he is well qualified to be his in carrying out research within the collections of the biographer. The Lilburn biography is a most worthy Library that will contribute to New Zealand's project for this new grant and we are delighted to knowledge base. contribute to its completion Approved by the 2003 Annual General Meeting, Dr Norman is a professional composer and the research grant is to be financed in the initial musician himself and the author of a number of phase by amalgamating the Centennial Fund and the articles on music topics. He has collaborated with Purchase Fund. This is because recent increases in New Zealand writers Roger Hall, Fiona Farrell, A K government funding have lessened the need for the Grant, Gavin Bishop, Margaret Mahy and Friends to assist with major purchases. It is hoped Michaelanne Forster on musicals, chamber opera, that donations from members and the public will song cycles for massed choirs and orchestra and enable the research grant to continue beyond the ballets for the Royal New Zealand Ballet. He is the three year period. composer of the music for the current production The new grant is intended to emphasise the of the ballet Peter Pan. He has held the position of distinctive contribution that a research and heritage Musical Director, Christchurch School of Music, library makes to public knowledge. It celebrates the Composer-in-Residence, Christchurch Symphony significant role of ongoing research and publication Orchestra, Principal Music Reviewer, Christchurch based on the Alexander Turnbull Library collections Press and was Founder-Director of Nota Bene Music and the knowledge of the staff. More information Publishing Company. is available on the Friends of the Turnbull Library We were very pleased with the number and website at www.turnbullfriends.org.nz quality of the applications which shows the need Rachel Underwood, President, Friends of the that exists for research funding. Turnbull Library press release, December 2003. institutions elsewhere, including the British Library Guardians Kaitiaki of the and the Mitchell Library in Sydney, a comparable Alexander Turnbull Library institution to the ATL. Professor Binney is a member of the Board of Directors of Te Papa. Her research The Minister Responsible for the National Library, and publications are extensively based on a Marian Hobbs, has appointed five Guardians. They are: developed awareness of Maori historical knowledge systems, as well as on European resources. In 1997, Dr Lydia Wevers she received a CNZM for Services to Historical Research. Dr Binney has been appointed for a term Dr Wevers is a long-time researcher with wide of three years. experience of the Turnbull collections and has published extensively from them. She also has considerable experience of the management structure of the National Ms Theresa Graham Library and the Turnbull through her previous role as Theresa [sic] has had a long career as a manager of, Chair of the Trustees of the National Library. As Director and advocate for, documentary heritage collections. of the Stout Research Centre for New Zealand Studies, She has shown a strong personal commitment to Dr Wevers is involved with training emerging preservation issues as well as an ability to work and researchers in New Zealand studies and generating and strategise at a national level. As manager of Heritage disseminating research, which uses the Turnbull as a Collections at Auckland City Libraries, she also has primary resource. Dr Wevers is well-positioned through experience and understanding of the issues that affect a combination of her personal qualities of leadership, the Turnbull. She has worked effectively and her intellectual interests and achievements, and her close collaboratively with representatives of the art gallery, links with key stakeholder groups, to fulfil the role of museum, archives, academic and library heritage Guardian. Dr Wevers has been appointed Chairperson sectors to further the preservation, management of, of the Guardians, for a term of two years. and digital access to, New Zealand's distributed documentary heritage. She was made a Fellow of Dr James Ng Library and Information Association of New Zealand Dr Ng is a distinguished medical practitioner who has Aotearoa (LIANZA) in 2002. Ms Graham has been also made a significant contribution to the community appointed for a term of three years. through voluntary work in areas as diverse as the arts, trade and child health. He has been the Director of the Dr Patu Hohepa Board of Trustees of the Asia 2000 Foundation since 1999. Dr Hohepa has for many years worked as an He has worked to foster understanding between the New educator, writer, anthropologist and linguistics Zealand and Chinese communities and has published professional. He has been the Maori Language extensively on the subjects of New Zealand/Chinese Commissioner since 1999 and is a former professor of history and Chinese settlement in New Zealand. He is Maori Language at the University of Auckland, he the author of the four-volume Windows on a Chinese Past has conducted research and published widely in the that drew on extensive research at the Turnbull, and has areas of anthropology, linguistics, Maori studies, contributed to the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. politics, and culture and heritage. He has been In 1996, he received a CNZM for Services to Historical associated with the Turnbull for 50 years, as a student, Research and the Community. Dr Ng has been appointed academic, and more recently in his capacity as the for a term of two years. Maori Language Commissioner. He is a member of Te Waka Toi, the Maori Arts Board of Creative New Professor Judith Binney Zealand. Dr Hohepa is affiliated to Nga Puhi. He is Professor Binney is a practising historian, with a a spokesperson for Nga Puhi and for several Marae, long-standing relationship as visiting researcher with including Waitangi. Dr Hohepa has been appointed the Turnbull. She has wide experience of research for a term of three years. NR AM News Report your archives to NRAM and watch your collection grow!

Kay Sanderson

Do you know about the Merton family collection provenance of their archives, and even received at Christchurch City Library? It consists of donations as a direct consequence of somebody documents and pictorial items relating to the painter "discovering" their collections listed on NRAM, while Owen Merton (1887-1931) and his son Thomas (1915- surfing the Web. 1968). Owen Merton spent the first seventeen years If you work in a collecting Archives, you will be of his life in New Zealand, but left in 1905 to develop very much aware that the people who use your a career as a painter in Europe and the United States. collection for their research often turn out to be future Thomas, the elder of his two sons, entered the donors. When a small Archives reports its collections Trappist Abbey of Gethsemane in Kentucky in 1941 to NRAM (which is searchable on the Internet), they where he took the name Father Louis. His are significantly increasing the potential for this type autobiographical writings, meditative works and of exchange to take place. philosophical dissertations on eastern religions, world Therefore not only can NRAM help you to promote disarmament and social disorder brought Father your collection, it can also help you expand it! Louis a cult following and reputation, especially in For small archives repositories there is no better America, which has continued to grow despite his way of publicising the existence and content of your premature death in Bangkok in 1968. collection than reporting your holdings to NRAM. What does this have to do with NRAM? The Preparing entries is easy and the Administrator is Christchurch City Library reports its manuscript always available to offer help and advice. collections to NRAM and they are, therefore, For further information contact: searchable on the Internet. Recently the Library Kay Sanderson received two emails, one from the USA and the other NRAM Administrator and Training Co-ordinator from Chile, giving them additional information about ph. 06-379-9333 the Merton family. e-mail: [email protected] I have been aware of many occasions over the past 23 Connolly's Line, year when repositories who contribute to NRAM Carterton have received additional information about the Website: www.nram.org.nz

Ibiza and NRAM

Caroline McBride

Here at the Auckland Art Gallery's E.H. McCormick upcoming book. Though there are many photos Research Library we hold the archives of the Gallery amongst the papers I could only find two postcards and an increasingly large number of archives of art (unwritten) which Smith must have purchased. I duly organisations, and artists' papers. Included amongst scanned these and the gentleman in Ibiza (actually the latter are those of painter and textile designer May someone whose mother was a New Zealander) was Smith (1906-1988). Imagine my delight when I received delighted. He was able to identify several of the an email from a researcher in Ibiza. He had searched waterfront houses depicted, one of which had been the Internet and come up with "Ibiza" with respect to the residence of a famous writer. Smith, since I had included the following wording in So, all this happened because I mentioned one my description of the archive: "She first met Frances particular word in my description ah! the magic of Hodgkins at Ibiza in 1933 and her example persuaded the Internet and the value of NRAM! Keep up the Smith to take up painting". good work, colleagues, and thanks particularly to Kay. The researcher asked me to search out and describe It certainly brightened a miserable summer's day in any photographs taken during this time and report Auckland, imagining being a tourist on a sunny back to him as he may want to use the images in his Spanish isle in the 1930s. EDUKIT course: "Organising Archives"

Another Edukit course has been held, this time in something about archives in Tonga; and one free-lance Auckland, in February. It was a two-day course, and consultant on archives and other crafts (archives work the tutor was Rosemary Collier. Running the course is partly a craft?). over two days proved to be more satisfactory: less The theatrette at MoTaT proved to be a spacious exhausting for the tutor, and providing more time for venue with the essential facilities. Another course is discussion and practical work for the participants. There tentatively planned for Auckland in April, since the were seven people present: two staff and a volunteer number of those who were interested in the February from the Museum of Transport and Technology, where one was much greater than the number who could the course was held; one from the Auckland Art Gallery actually come at that time. library; one from Matamata-Piako District Council who If you're interested in having an introductory course is working with records and archives; one from Tonga, on organising archives run in your institution, town who was in Auckland working towards her library or city, contact Rosemary Collier at 43 Gordon Road, qualification and particularly interested in doing Plimmerton, ph 04-233-8155.

News Items

We reproduce below obituaries for Janet Frame She won a wide range of awards. They included from two English newspapers; we assume readers every prize for which she was eligible in New will have seen those published in New Zealand Zealand; honorary membership of the American dailies, and also in the Listener. Academy of Arts and Letters in 1986; a Commonwealth prize for literature in 1989; Italian There are Janet Frame papers in the Hocken and Chilean awards in 1993 and 1996. She also won Library. There is a suitcase of her papers which was civil honours - a CBE in 1983, the Order of New deposited over 30 years ago, and another Zealand in 1990 - and honorary doctorates and consignment, of at least 15 linear metres, which the medals from three New Zealand universities. Last October, she won the inaugural New Zealand prime Library purchased from her in 1999, with more to minister's award for literary achievement in fiction. come in the wake of the publication of Michael Janet Paterson Frame, writer, born August 28 1924; King's biography. The Library has also purchased died January 28 2004. all Michael King's papers relating to Janet Frame, Michael King, The Guardian, 29 January 2004. which amount to another substantial addition. There is a restriction on access: for 15 years after her death. Not an absolute prohibition (as was the case New Zealand writer Janet with the Charles Brasch papers); access can be granted only with the permission of a nominated trustee, (as Frame dies, 79 yet not identified). At present the papers are not sorted, New Zealand's most admired writer, Janet Frame, and will probably not be until the Library receives the has died of leukaemia in the South Island town of Dunedin, aged 79. Alongside the modernist short-story last of them from Janet Frame's estate. writer Katherine Mansfield who died in 1923, Frame Personal communication, Hocken Librarian was reckoned to be New Zealand's greatest author. (Stuart Strachan) to Editor, 10 February 2004. "It's like the lights have gone out," said the Auckland-based novelist Witi Ihimaera. "The sun has Janet Frame gone out in New Zealand literature today." Reclusive, but world-renowned, New Zealand writer whose novels explored the depths of David Fickling, The Guardian (UK), 29 January 2004. the human psyche Janet Frame, who has died aged 79, was New Janet Frame Zealand's best known but least public author. The Writer who fought to efface originality and power of her fiction ensured that she was frequently spoken of as a candidate for the Nobel the stigma of madness prize for literature, most recently last year, when a Janet Paterson Frame, ivriter: horn Dunedin, Nezv journalistic leak from Stockholm revealed that she was Zealand 28 August 1924; CBE 1983; ONZ 1990; died once again on the shortlist. Dunedin 29 January 2004. In 1955, aged 30, Janet Frame emerged from a and hovered over, as if she and her interlocutor should decade of incarceration in mental hospitals. Her "case" pause to marvel at the huge pretence they were had appeared to get worse over the years. She had engaging in, behaving as if they could hold chaos in had innumerable electric-shock treatments, which she check by the device of linguistic communication. hated and feared, and had been put down for a The same sense of marvelling at itself, and mocking leucotomy, an operation to sever the frontal lobes of itself, pervades the best of her writing. It represents, I the brain. What saved her was the publication of a think, a scepticism native to post-colonial societies, collection of her short stories. where national identity is insecure and the social How and when these were written is not clear; but imprint faint. Add Frame's mental history to her New when The Lagoon (1951) was awarded a literary prize Zealand background and, with the accident of literary someone in the medical fraternity must have stopped genius, you get this vivid articulation of a sense that to wonder whether the brain which had produced reality itself is fiction, a linguistic construct. these images of childhood, in which the language It is a view not properly described as despairing, sparkles like webs on a frosty morning, needed any nor as tragic, though it can sometimes seem blacker kind of correction. than either. There can only be tragedy where there is a But now what was to become of her? She was shy faith that things might have been different, and better. to the point of social incompetence, could not cope In Frame the darkness is of laughter. Nothing else is with strangers, and had been institutionalised for appropriate - and there is a pleasure in it, an illicit joy. so long, freedom must have been terrifying. Her Frame loved language, loved poetry, loved literature. sister took her to visit the Auckland fiction writer How marvellous that we should have such toys! Frank Sargeson, who suggested she might like to Palgrave's The Golden Treasury floats through all her occupy an army hut in the garden at the back of his work as the Bible does through the work of those house. He would look after her. She accepted and brought up on it. She was poet as well as novelist; and lived there through 1955 and on into 1956, wrote though she only published one collection of poems, her first, and possibly still her most admired novel, The Pocket Mirror (1967), she wrote them compulsively Owls Do Cry (1957), and made her first close post­ throughout her life. childhood friendships. Of Sargeson she said, "he Her other, and lesser, mode was the satirical one, saved my life". where she seemed to punish the world which had so Late in 1956 she set off for her first trip abroad. misunderstood and damaged her. In this mode there There were adventures and misadventures in Spain, is a bitter wit which diminishes her fictional characters further episodes of mental breakdown, and a period to the point where the reader's belief in them is in the Maudsley Hospital in London, where Dr R.H. sometimes undermined. Her novels characteristically Cawley, to whom she dedicated at least one of her veer between magic and satire. books, took a friendly interest in her. Later, the Frame was always respected in New Zealand and publisher Mark Goulden, who would write that Frame by those in the international academic community who was one of only three people he had known to whom knew her work. In America her novels customarily he would apply the word genius, provided a London received serious attention in magazines like Time. But flat in which she was to write a more conventional she had no great commercial success until the novel that would make her famous. publication of her three volumes of autobiography, To Despite her best efforts to oblige, Frame's fiction the Is-land (1982), An Angel at My Table (1984) and The like her life continued to take swoops into the fantastic Envoy from Mirror City (1985). They were collected in and dives into the abyss. The nearest she got to 1989 as An Angel at My Table, the title given also to Goulden's requirement was The Adaptable Man (1965), Jane Campion's award-winning film of them in 1990. set in a conventional English village, at the end of Here were revealed, in the childhood reminiscences, which, however, Frame brings a large conventional the extremes of her experience - the wonder of books chandelier down on the heads of her principal and language, the shame of poverty, the horror of the characters, as if to pass judgement on herself for accidental deaths of her two sisters. creating them. But Frame's overriding purpose in the Frame's work is all based on her sense that language autobiography was, so to speak, to clear her name of is a paradigm of reality, a precarious and magical the stigma of madness - to show how she came to be structure continually threatened with breakdown. She wrongly diagnosed as schizophrenic. This is a matter said of one of her novels, which research will show she simplified a good deal, I wrote it as a result of a visit to the dentist in since diagnoses of her case were always various and London. He was very vague. He went to the window contradictory; but there can be little doubt that the long and he looked out and there was a patch of blue in the incarceration during her youth was needless, and the sky. He said, "What I wouldn't give to be in Sussex!" treatment on the whole barbarous. Then he said, "Rinse whilst I'm gone." I hadn't heard She became, however, because of this, an icon of anyone say "whilst" and it was that word that the feminist movement, a role she did not enjoy since prompted me to write the whole book. her literary success had never depended on her sex, An anecdote of that kind would always be told in a but solely on her talent, and she did not like the sense tone that seemed to tremble on the brink of helpless of being segregated into a class of deserving victims. laughter. Her voice and articulation were bell-clear, Janet Frame always guarded her privacy and lived almost child-like, and key words were hesitated before alone, though close to her sister and her sister's children. In her later years she learned to cope well Janet Frame didn't quite make it to 80. I hope we with public appearances and with international travel. shall see the poetry, but there is already plenty of her She won numerous literary awards and prizes, was writing to be grateful for. appointed CBE in 1983 and in 1990 to the 20-member Heur Adcock, The Independent (London), 30 January 2004. Order of New Zealand, her country's highest honour. In 2001 she was the subject of a biography, Wrestling with the Angel, by Michael King. She was nominated Tracking down Ratana's repeatedly for the Nobel Prize, most recently last year. history C. K. Stead, The Independent (London), 30 January 2004. The Ratana Movement still brings thousands of Maori people to a settlement 20km from Wanganui, I met Janet Frame only three times but I feel yet records of its fascinating history are scattered and privileged and still slightly surprised to have met her obscure. Tourists drive to Ratana Pa to see its at all, writes Fleur Adcock. Before I left New Zealand in distinctive church. They are often curious about the 1963 she was a figure of mystery, a shy recluse who settlement's history, but there is no place set aside for had nevertheless written vividly shocking semi- them to ask questions. fictional accounts of her own life. Friends of mine later Arahi and Puawai Hagger hope to change this. They knew her; I never did. In 1984 she came to England to have been funded as "social entrepreneurs" by the promote her books, and the Women's Press invited Community Employment Group (CEG) and attended me to a party in Hampstead to meet her. It was like a function in Wellington last week. being about to meet Emily Dickinson or Emily Bronte. They have been involved with Ratana for 22 years Janet Frame sat on a sofa, surrounded by eager and have been collecting its historic documents for questioners, and murmured her answers in a soft but three years, as part of the Uri Whakatupurangi group. unflinching voice. I hesitated to add to the Mrs Hagger said she spent about $10,000 on petrol interrogation: this was a vulnerable woman, I felt. (But each year, travelling and tracking down information. I underestimated her resilience; she was a survivor if The pair aim to open an archive and research centre ever there was one.) When my turn came I did question for information about the Ratana Movement in the years her, mentioning the names of friends or acquaintances from 1920-1940. It would be based in the former post we had in common: the Steads and the Duggans in office building at Ratana Pa and probably open early next Auckland, Charles Brasch (editor of Landfall magazine year. The building would be fumigated, temperature and a generous literary patron) in Dunedin. controlled and protected from fire. It would contain "Oh yes, Charles Brasch," she said, adding that she documents on computer and also on paper. A database had always secretly called him "Must you". Whenever would be created, and the centre would be open to the she had tea with him there came a moment when public. Translators would be needed. conversation ran out (he was shy too); she would say The $40,000 funding from CEG should accelerate "I must go" and he, leaping eagerly to his feet, would the project and last for a year. say "Must you?" Mrs Hagger said there were many records of the There were questions I dared not ask, notably the Ratana movement, including its Whetu Marama o te one about the effects of electric-shock treatment Kotahitanga newspaper, which was started in 1924 and inflicted on her in the mental hospital: if it had really was still published. Records included personal diaries, damaged her memory, how was it that she had such and most were still in private hands. "The stuff is brilliant, detailed recall of her childhood and under people's beds, in banana boxes. It's in tea adolescence? chests." She would need to sit with the people who But at least we had talked. Our second meeting was owned it, and win their confidence. "If you are lucky at a reception at New Zealand House, where she was you might be handed it," she said. "We just want to being lionised and I talked more with her sister June. try and preserve the history, make it teachable, get it The third occasion was when she gave a reading at out to people, break it down if it is too deep to the Wellington Festival in 1986.1 forget which story she understand. This alone will take years. No doubt it read; what stays with me is her delivery: utterly will be our lifetime's journey." unaffected, simple and direct. "Innocence" is the only Laurel Stowell, Wanganui Chronicle, 23 June 2003. word for its quality. It was the voice we hear in her writings at its best: the voice of an extremely intelligent, perceptive and imaginative child. I have seldom seen an Ratana Church archive audience so transfixed, and the applause at the end was project wins funding overwhelming. When I congratulated her afterwards, as DIGITALLY archiving the Ratana Church's history everyone did, she was puzzled by our enthusiasm; quite is the passion of a Wanganui couple who have received clearly she had no idea what we were on about. $20,000 from the government-funded Social At the Hampstead party we had talked about poetry, Entrepreneur Scheme. Social Development and and she had told me that she still wrote a lot of "verse" Employment Minister Steve Maharey announced the - to call it "poetry" would have offended her 51 winners at an awards dinner in Wellington last ridiculously modest estimate of her own abilities - she week. Arahi and Puawai Hagger received funding to saw it partly as a record of events, since she kept no help them create a digital collection of Ratana history journal and thought of publishing it when she was 80, and an archive and bibliography of references. as a kind of supplement to her autobiography. The couple, who have lived at Ratana for more than The couple have been involved in the Ratana 20 years, have been working on the project for four movement and church for 22 years and for the last years. "Receiving the money from the fund will allow three they've been collecting historic documents and us to study and research Ratana in the rest of New photographs and digitally archiving the information. Zealand," Ms Hagger said. "The more we find out "The more we found out about the history of about the history of the Ratana movement and church, Ratana, his movement and church, the more we the more we realise how important it is. Politically, realised how important it was," Puawai said. The the structure of Ratana was amazing, and it is sad that pair believe the spirituality is as relevant now as it Maori have walked away from it." was from 1918 to 1939 when prophet TW Ratana Information is being collected from 1920-1940, with walked the country with a bible in one hand and the 6000 photos having been gathered already. Treaty of Waitangi in the other. Mr Maharey described the winners as "champions". "Politically and spiritually, the structure of Ratana Dominion Post, 23 June 2003. was amazing and it is sad that maori have walked away from it," Arahi said. "He believed in unity of all people throughout the world." Thesis tells story of Ratana The Haggers are in Invercargill as part of a 60 day movement and its church research tour of the South Island. They were The colours and symbols of Ratana crowd a small pleasantly surprised at the amount of information room in the Wanganui School of Design. Arahi they found in the Gore Museum archives of the Hagger's bilingual master's thesis presents these Mataura Ensign. Thirteen stories relating to Ratana traditional icons in a new medium. were printed between 1921 and 1922. One was about "It tells the story of the movement and the church, Mrs Jackson, the wife of the then Edendale on a spiritual and physical level. This has never been postmaster, who after being treated with faith healing done before - it's like getting out of the box." by Ratana was cured of tubercular of the spine. Mr Hagger has just finished a year of full-on work on the project and it is available for public viewing Vicki Henderson, Southland Express, 21 August 2003. from tomorrow until Friday, 9am to 7pm, at the former Maori Affairs and Social Welfare building on the comer Ratana reels in the years of Wanganui's Wickteed [sic] St and Cameron Tee. The Ratana movement first spiritual then political He said the thesis would interest all New now has its own computer-age information centre at Zealanders, not just Maori, because it was about the Ratana Pa, 20km from Wanganui. The Ratana Archive country's history. Mr Hagger is convinced that the Centre was blessed on November 8 an important day Ratana Church and movement are as relevant now as in the Ratana calendar - by apotoro (apostle) Hawira they were in the days when hundreds of people made the pilgrimage to the prophet TW Ratana on foot. Gardiner. It is to be officially opened by Prime Minister "The whole institution of Ratana is the centre of Helen Clark on January 23, during the Labour Party's Maoridom. It's the power base politically and spiritually. annual visit to the settlement. Ratana had a divine plan, and perfect structures, but we Its first exhibition will commemorate the 80th have decided to ignore them and not take the advice anniversary of founder Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana's and we are now suffering the consequences." Ratana 1924-25 world tour, during which he is said to have was a sleeping giant. If it decided to move politically it worked miracles. Tour memorabilia is being sought could have a huge impact, he said. by the organisers. His thesis, for a Master's in Computer Graphic The centre has been set up by the Uri Design, includes text, an internet website, two Whakatupuranga Trust, with approval from Ratana interactive CD-roms, graphics and music in the elders. Trust member Arahi Hagger believed the background. Its subject is the Ratana icons, both objects movement founded by T W Ratana in the 1920s had and ideas. One of his advisers was J McLeod yet to reach its greatest strength and the archive centre Henderson, who wrote one of the few books about contained the solutions to some of today's problems. the prophet, church and movement. "People will be able to have a look at the true history Mr Hagger said he was already a graduate in music of the movement and church and how it fits in with and information technology and was "a lifetime the Treaty of Waitangi," he said. "The power of this student". He planned to begin a PhD next year, in information has never been let out. What we have either philosophy or design, and said that could will solve all the problems today with the treaty." provide a platform for further educational The centre occupies Ratana's former post office, developments at Ratana Pa. which is to be fireproofed and temperature controlled Wanganui Chronicle, 23 June 2003. to hold the many documents Mr Hagger and his wife Puawai have collected. They undertook a 60-day campervan tour of the South Island from July to Couple researching Ratana September this year, recording interviews and movement collecting documents which chronicle the movement's early years. The institution of Ratana is the centre of They said the letters, diaries, recorded interviews, maoridom say Puawai and Arahi Hagger. newspapers and reel to reel movies they had gathered over five years now filled their Wanganui apartment rights of the public to access beaches. "With a bit of and two sheds. All the information would be digitised goodwill we'll get there, the hui in Wanganui next week and available through computers. They anticipated it will see the dialogue continue." would be used by students and also by visitors who Miss Clark said there had been a lot of progress on arrive at Ratana every day to see the temple that Maori issues and noted unemployment was down and opened there in 1928 and is still lovingly cared for. more Maori than ever were attending tertiary For years the Haggers have tended the temple's institutions. garden, where shapes and plants are symbolic. Mrs Hagger said people arrived every day to see the The 131st anniversary of T W Ratana's birth was also building, and sometimes whole schools and busloads the official opening of the Ratana Archive Centre. turned up. "It's open 24/7 to all people." Project manager Puawai Haggar [sic] said she was The Haggers have devoted the last 20 years to excited by the opening and that it was an important supporting Ratana in various ways. Mr Hagger has part of history. "This is the first building for the people completed an MA on the movement, and was starting at Ratana for 22 years and will finally provide a record a PhD. They had received some funding for the centre and history of Ratana," she said. This allowed people from the New Zealand Lottery Grants Board and from to understand the beauty of the movement, she said. the Community Grants Board and from the Community Employment Group (CEG). Andrew Koubaridis, Wanganui Chronicle, 24 The next stage in the centre's development was January 2004. another building for sorting, cataloguing and fumigating documents and a programme training administrators to work there. People from the Archives opened in Alice surrounding pa already dropped in regularly to see Springs what was happening, and the centre's first public event Historical collections about Central Australia will was the screening of historic films one a three-minute now have a permanent and accessible home in the clip of T W Ratana at the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt centre with the opening of the Alice Springs Lake City in the 1920s. Archives this week. The new Northern Territory Mr Ratana lived from 1873 to 1939, attracted Government service was officially opened by NT hundreds of followers and was said to heal the sick. Minister for Central Australia Dr Peter Toyne, who He urged Maori to put away tribalism and tohunga- said he was pleased to be able to deliver an archive ism in favour of the unity of all peoples. service to Centralians. An early alliance formed between his movement "The Centre has a rich and colourful history that and the Labour Party held until the 1996 election, and should be housed here in Alice Springs for the benefit New Zealand's political leaders still come to Ratana of Centralians and visitors alike, not in Darwin," Dr to pay their respects on or near the January 25 Toyne said at the opening. "The opening of an archives anniversary of his birth, one of the two big days in the facility here brings Alice history home to the Centre Ratana calendar. and means private collections currently housed in Mrs Hagger said the movement still had about homes can be added to the archives collection. A 60,000 followers worldwide, many of them young number of long-term Alice residents have over many, people, and a new generation of fluent Maori speakers many years lobbied the government for an archive were poised to get the full benefit from the movement's facility in the Centre and are more than pleased with historic records. the opening of the new archive service in Alice Springs People who are willing to loan memorabilia of T W today. Documents and photographs contained within Ratana's 1924-25 world tour can contact the centre on the archive collection provide a great and valuable (06) 342 6919 between 3pm and midnight. Mrs Hagger insight to life around Central Australia over the past said items would be well cared for. hundred years." Laurel Stowell, Wanganui Chronicle, 1 December 2003. Police journals dating back to the 1800s, gaol records from 1905, land and survey records from the 1920s Progress on Maori issues: PM and mining records from the 1930s are just some of the government records contained in the Alice archives Things in Maoridom can only improve. Prime collection. Minister Helen Clark used her annual trip to Ratana Personal collections that have been added to the Pa yesterday to make that point and outline her archive collection include government's achievements. • The archives of Mrs Adelle Purvis, who wrote about The sensitive foreshore and seabed debate Central Australia and collected a wealth of papers, dominated Miss Clark's speech, an issue she described photographs, maps and memorabilia about Central as a "steep learning curve". "As a nation we're on a Australia dating back to the 1800s; steep learning curve because this is not a treaty claims • the Connellan Airways records; issue but a common law issue," she said. "We are • church records; proposing new title and customary rights which can • numerous oral histories; and be complex and often distressing." She said she • the diary and correspondence of David Sturrock wouldn't be using the controversy over the foreshore while he was part of the transcontinental railway as a cheap political stunt and pledged to protect the survey team in 1913. Many other personal collections that have been held tucked away in an office block near the old BNZ in private homes in Alice Springs due to a reluctance building on Lambton Quay. to send them to Darwin are now expected to join the The museum was opened yesterday by BNZ Alice Springs Archives and be accessible to the wider managing director Peter Thodey, with former bosses community. Bruce Smith, Bill Shaw and Bob McCay. "We [the BNZ] The Alice Springs Archives is located at Minerals have mirrored what has gone on in the country," Mr House in Hartley Street and may be relocated to the Thodey said, describing how the bank started on "the Desert Knowledge Centre in a few years time. back of the gold rush". Australian Library News, T7 November 2003. In 1861, as the gold boom was starting, a shipment delay caused a shortage of BNZ notes. A bank founder, Record keeping concerns Falconer Larkworthy, printed and signed more than 20,000 notes in three days. He then exchanged £19,000 eased worth of notes with Otago goldminers for gold in five Concerns raised by the Western Australian Local days. Within a few years there were more than 15 branches of the bank in the South Island. Government Association about compliance with The Reserve Bank started printing notes in 1934. the State Records Act 2000 have been resolved James Weir, Dominion Post, 10 December 2003. and five councils have submitted record-keeping plans for approval. Cows, 'turkies' and parrots Culture and the Arts Minister Sheila McHale told Parliament last week that issues relating to the you can shoot - it's implementation of the Act had been resolved and local Wellington, 1842 councils were moving forward in meeting their obligations to the satisfaction of the State Records SEASIDE property for 30 shillings a foot, swarthy Commission and the WALGA. tattooed men with broad shoulders, glossy hair and "To date, record-keeping plans for the City of fine regular teeth, and forests of red and white pine. Cockburn and Shire of Northam have been approved Sounds like paradise. In fact, it's Wellington, 1842. by the State Records Commission," Ms McHale told The discovery of a trunk full of letters in a house in Parliament. "Plans for the City of Wanneroo, Shire of West Bromwich, England, more than 70 years ago is Murray and Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley have providing Wellingtonians with an intimate glimpse into also been submitted for approval. I am pleased that a the city's early history. A letter written by immigrant commonsense approach to this issue has prevailed and Chauncey Henry Townsend of "Tinacore Rd" - who set sail from Britain 163 years ago today - to his I applaud WALGA's willingness to find a practical solution to what seemed to be an impasse in public "adopted" uncle James Marsh has been donated to accountability. I would also like to congratulate the Wellington City Archives by retired Calgary city clerk councils who have shown leadership in being among Frank Byrne. the first to comply with the provisions of the Act in Mr Byrne, now 83, found it among other papers in submitting their record-keeping plans." a trunk in the garage of a house he and his wife rented in West Bromwich, in the West Midlands, when they Ms McHale said the State Records Commission had submitted a revised record-keeping template for local were first married. Previous owners of the property government that encapsulated minimum standards for had not been interested in the papers, many of which record-keeping. "This will be particularly useful for were in poor condition and, when the Byrnes moved small remote and regional councils and will assist to Canada in 1954, the trunk, minus Townsend's letter, was left behind. councils who were having difficulties in complying City archivist Joanna Newman said Mr Byrne had with the previous template," she said. Activities that been putting his affairs in order when he rediscovered need to be recorded were clarified, leading to the the letter recently. "He was trying to find an resolution. "Records must be created and kept relating appropriate home for it and tracked us down via the to councillors' participation in the decision-making Internet." She says the letter provides a fascinating process of council or council committees," Ms McHale blend of personal insights as well as drawing a picture said. "Activities or transactions that are not directly of early Wellington history. relevant to the decision making process are not subject Townsend, 20 when he left England, arrived here to mandatory recording keeping [sic] requirements." in May 1841 on the Lord William Bentinck. A Australian Library News, 27 November 2003. shipboard romance following an earlier rejection which had left a "bitter blank in my heart" led to marriage. Noteworthy day for bank His wife-to-be, Isabella Malcolm, 21, was travelling with her sister Jane. museum The letter describes Wellington as part heaven, part NEW ZEALAND'S gold rush provided a licence to hell. The Townsends bought property in the area now print money for the Bank of New Zealand when it was bordered by Glenmore St, Patanga Crescent and Kilmister set up in 1861. The banks printed their own money Ave in Thomdon and built a three-room house. back then. Some of the notes are on display at the Cows called Honey, Charlotte and Strawberry Bank of New Zealand Museum in central Wellington, grazed alongside 14 laying hens, three ducks, a fat hog, and three "turkies" (cost £1 5s each). Sweet turnips, that can be built on and she hopes the public's mangel-wurzel, broccoli, celery, peas, potatoes and attendance on the day might bring to light further spinach provided food and income. Living in the pieces of information about the house from those who "midst of a forest" the couple caught glimpses of the were once connected with it. harbour which sometimes foamed and at other times The open day, Nicky points out, will be dedicated was as "quiet as quicksilver". to the archival museum display and also provide He wrote that, although the Maori" - some of whom visitors with an opportunity to tour the house and he employed to chop wood for 2s a day" - had sold gardens. The Caccia Birch Coachhouse Archive land to Edward Gibbon Wakefield for Jew's harps, project, Nicky adds, would not have been possible tobacco, blankets and guns, they were becoming without the generous funding assistance. A charitable "dissatisfied with the Colonel's Houte " - or payment. donors board is being erected in the Coachhouse and However they are behaving very well and are getting will include the City Council, Cobb & Co. Empire Trust wide awake and on many occasions conduct Board, Eastern and Central Trust, Central Power Trust themselves better than the whites". and the Museum Society. Fish and birds, including one similar to the "English Square Circular, Palmerston North City Council Jay with parson's bands under its throat" and green community publication, January 2004. parrots (of which Townsend shot hundreds), thrived. So did Chauncey: "I never was so well, now [sic] so Heritage Trust Champions free of headaches as I have been since I came to this colony." Matheson Collection However, there was a downside. Fires regularly The personal collection of former City Archivist, Ian swept through the city following land clearing. One Matheson, is currently being appraised and catalogued destroyed 57 homes and left "people quite ruined " - assisted by funding from the Palmerston North some will leave the Colony - others have fled to the Heritage Trust. The trust, which was established in bush, others are desperate." And you couldn't get a 1997, was re-activated in June last year and its man servant for less than 30s a week. administering committee has set, as one of its priorities, The letter is on display at Wellington City Archives the transfer of Ian's collection to what is now known in Barker St. as the Ian Matheson City Archives. Julie Jacobson, Dominion Post, 8 January 2004. An initial sum was raised through the Ian Matheson Memorial Appeal earlier last year and, in July, the trust Unveiling of Caccia Birch received a generous grant of nearly $30,000 from the Square Trust. The funding will enable the collection Archive to be put in order with the aim of eventual community The Caccia Birch Coachhouse Archive will be access and display. officially unveiled at an open day on Sunday, February Ian Matheson's archives, which were previously 1 from 2-6 pm. The archive, to be permanently located in his home, predominantly relate to the flax displayed inside Caccia Birch's historic Coach House industry which flourished in Manawatu and stable area, sees the culmination of four years research Horowhenua, particularly around Foxton, about a work and funding support by the City Council and hundred years ago. several charitable trusts. The Heritage Trust is chaired by Massey University Caccia Birch Manager, Nicky Birch, says the open History Professor, Margaret Tennant, and includes a day, to be officially opened by Deputy Mayor, Alison number of prominent local historians such as Jim Wall, will give the community, invited guests and Lundy, Dorothy Pilkington, Brian Mather, Margaret supporters of the project the first glimpse of the unique Tate, David Chappie and Noelene Wevell. Another collection of photographs, memorabilia and the history respected local historian, Merv Hancock, played a surrounding the stately homestead. Nicky anticipates major part in the Heritage Trust's reactivation. The that the Caccia Birch Coachhouse Archive will generate Council is represented by Cr Heather Tanguay, City a lot of local interest. Librarian, Anthony Lewis, and City Archivist, Lesley "Caccia Birch House is local to Hokowhitu and Courtney, also attend meetings in an advisory capacity. Palmerston North and a very important part of the "Ian Matheson put so much energy into the city's pioneering history," she comments. preservation of local archives and we want to keep Caccia Birch House overlooks the Hokowhitu the momentum going and do something in Ian's Lagoon and was built by Jacob Nannestad, a name," Margaret Tennant comments. Norwegian sawmiller in 1892 and subsequently owned Current projects under consideration include a by the Strang and Caccia Birch families. The house scholarship for a tertiary history student doing was also used as a base by a number of groups research which draws substantially upon local including local tertiary institutions. Today it is owned archives, an internship for an archival assistant to work by the City Council and administered by the Cacci on special projects such as cataloguing Ian Matheson's Birch Trust Board to be used for the enjoyment of the collection, archives displays and educational community and as a popular events and functions workshops on archives conservation. venue. Margaret Tennant says that committee members are Nicky Birch says the archive collection is something also keen to liaise with other groups interested in the history of the local area. A day long workshop is chief executive Roger Mulvay said yesterday he was planned for early this year where the possibility of a "absolutely rapt" that Napier City Council had local historical journal will be canvassed. "We see it agreed on Wednesday to contribute $5 million toward as an accessible annual publication which includes the projects. interesting articles on prominent local people, events, The trust's plans include $13.4 million worth of new stories and family contributions rather than an buildings, and it plans to open them in October 2008. academic journal," she says. Hastings District Council has already set aside $5 Square Circular, Palmerston North City Council million as its contribution, and Ngati Kahungunu has community publication, January 2004. pledged another $1 million. In Napier, the trust plans to demolish the Lilliput Vital paper destroyed as building on the comer of Marine Pde and Tennyson St, and replace it with a modem building that will, bridge dispute goes on Mr Mulvay said, be "sympathetic" to art deco. The AN IMPORTANT document about the bridge that main Hawke's Bay Museum building next door will collapsed on the King Country farm of Keith and be retained. He hopes the new building will Margaret Berryman in 1994 has been destroyed, incorporate the museum's original Louis Hay art deco according to court documents filed in the latest round entrance, which would be on Tennyson St on the fringe of the saga. of the art deco section of the central business district. The Berrymans, who lost their farm after The new building will not only give the museum Occupational Safety and Health prosecuted them when and art gallery more space to display what is one of the bridge collapsed, killing Inglewood beekeeper the largest and best regional collections in New Kenneth Richards, have been seeking the report through Zealand, it will also enable the trust to store the the courts as part of their fight for compensation. collection under better conditions. At present, much They were prosecuted because authorities claimed of the collection is stored in a basement, under less the couple owned the bridge, but they have since been than ideal conditions. able to prove it was built by the army and owned by The museum will focus on showing the history of the local council. After the case against them collapsed, the region, especially the 1931 earthquake, art deco and they sought compensation and mediation. The Crown the Port of Napier, as well as art mainly from the past. Law Office has offered them $150,000 but they say legal fees and the forced sale of their farm have cost them The trust is asking the Regional Museum Fund, run vastly more. by the Ministry of Culture and Heritage, for $4.6 Mr Berryman said that an army inquiry into the million and is hoping the Hawke's Bay Regional bridge collapse resulted in a written report which the Council will support the archives part of the project. couple had never been allowed to see. They sought it through the High Court, but Crown Law told the court Bernard Carpinter, Dominion Post, 13 February 2004. that the original had been destroyed. Only copies of it remain. Crown lawyer Hamish Hancock told the court Fresh challenge over Pitcairn he would let the Berrymans' lawyer look at excerpts of a copy, but the Berrymans would not be allowed to sovereignty see it. Mr Berryman said that was unacceptable. He COURT: Lawyer says document silent on the was suspicious that the copy might have been altered. master of HMS Fly claiming the island for Britain The original should not have been destroyed and he A 166-year-old document unveiled in Britain and his wife should be able to view it. threatens to rewrite the history of Pitcairn Island and "This report is pivotal," Mr Berryman said. "They've will be of "considerable significance" to the Pitcairn sat on it for years. It must support us, because if it didn't, Supreme Court's hearing on the island's sovereignty, you can be sure they would have produced it long ago." the Pitcairn Public Defender's counsel told the court Mr Hancock was on leave and not available to yesterday. comment, his office said. Adrian Cooke, QC, returned from a fact-finding OSH withdrew two charges laid against the mission to Britain at the weekend with new evidence Berrymans and the district court threw out the third, from the historic Pitcarin Register - essentially the but they got into serious debt repairing the bridge and island's community diary since Fletcher Christian through legal fees, leading to their bankruptcy. They and his mutineers arrived in 1790 - which is held by now live in Wanganui, but want their farm back, or the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge one of equal value. in Britain. David McLoughlin, Dominion Post, 12 January 2004. Last year, counsel for the Pitcairn Public Prosecutor, Kieran Raftery, told the court that when Captain Elliot Bay to put $19m into arts of the HMS Fly had visited the island in 1838, he had claimed Pitcairn for the Crown. "This island was taken and museum possession of by Captain Elliot on behalf of the Crown A TOTAL of $19 million has been earmarked for of Great Britain on the 29th of November 1838," Mr ambitious museum and art gallery developments in Raftery quoted from copies of the register. Napier and Hastings. Hawke's Bay Cultural Trust But after reading the original document, Mr Cooke said yesterday: "The entry that has been put forward was given more time to study the documents he had as the statement of Captain Elliot does not appear in found in England last month. He also needed to the original register". He sought a two-month resolve the issue of copyright on the documents and adjournment so the defence could develop further arrange for expert academic opinion from England. arguments. The matter was of fundamental importance, he told Seven Pitcairn men have been charged under British the supreme court bench of Charles Blackie (Pitcairn law with sexual offences dating back 40 years. Another chief justice), Russell Johnson and Jane Lovell-Smith. six men living off the island face similar charges, As well as the documents relating to the Fly's visit, pending extradition. The court, sitting in Papakura, Mr Cook said he would also offer in evidence written [south of Auckland, New Zealand] is hearing pretrial reports to the British Admiralty from British warships arguments from the public defender that Pitcairners which visited the islands between 1830 and 1910. The never ceded their sovereignty to Britain and the remote admiralty reports were also very important and Pacific island, with a population of 45, has its own required careful consideration because it was evidence independent laws. of the way Pitcairn Island was regarded and the way Judge Charles Blackie, presiding alongside Judges it was treated by the British Government. Russell Johnson and Jan Lovell-Smith, said the court The court yesterday granted Mr Cook a delay until was sympathetic to Cooke's request for an adjournment. March 12 when he must file new documentary But responding to Mr Raftery's concern that evidence. The Pitcairn Crown prosecutors, Kieran "complainants and accused and the Pitcairn community Raftery and Fletcher Pilditch, were given until March want to see the cloud that hangs over their island dealt 26 to reply. The court will deliver a decision on with as soon as possible", the judges ordered the defence jurisdiction on April 19. Whatever the decision by the to file their submissions by March 12. court, an appeal is likely to the Pitcairn Court of Appeal New Zealand Herald, 3 February 2004. which was set up for the trial at the same time as the Pitcairn Magistrate's Court and the Supreme Court. Historic documents delay Observers expect the Pitcairn Court of Appeal decision also to be appealed to the Privy Council in England. Pitcairn case Manawatu Evening Standard, 3 February 2004. LAWYERS acting for seven Pitcairn Island men facing sex charges say historic documents uncovered Longman-History Today in Britain last month could be "considerably important" to the case. Trustees Award The defence used the discovery of the documents, This award, given by the Trustees of the Longman- some dating back to 1838, to argue for a delay in the History Today Trust, is given to a person or institution legal hearing over whether Britain had jurisdiction to that has done outstanding work to promote history. hear the charges against the seven men. All seven This award was initiated last year [2003], and went to accused men live on the island and are facing sex best-selling author Antony Beevor. This year's charges, including rape and indecent assault dating recipient is quite different, with the award going to an back to 1989. Another six men, two living in Australia institution that all historians in Britain rely on, directly and four living in New Zealand, also face charges. or indirectly, The National Archives. Depending on the outcome of the jurisdiction The Archives were [sic] founded in April 2003 by argument, these six others will face an extradition bringing together the much more familiar Public hearing before they can be brought before the Pitcairn Record Office and the Historical Manuscripts Supreme Court sitting in Papakura, south Auckland. Commission, and they provide a unitary, accessible The defence lawyers have been arguing that Britain resource comprising one of the largest archival did not have the jurisdiction to try the men and they collections in the world, dating back to Domesday. should be tried by the Pitcairn community. Defence Over recent years, the constituent bodies of the lawyer, former Australian judge Adrian Cook, QC, said Archives, especially the PRO, have done a great deal yesterday he had uncovered historic documents in to make their holdings accessible to the general public, England that were "immensely significant", including who now flock to Kew and to the National Archives acquisition documents drawn up by Captain Elliott of websites. They also do a great deal to educate, to the British warship, HMS Fly, which visited the islands debate and to facilitate research at every level. The in November, 1838. prize was collected by Sarah Tyacke, Keeper of Public Mr Cook said he wanted the court to have the best Records since 1992. possible evidence and that could only be done if he History Today (UK), March 2004. About the Contributors Ratana Archive Centre Opens. Rosemary Collier Bank of New Zealand Re-opens its Museum. Rosemary Collier is Editor of New Zealand Archivist Robin Griffin and a semi-retired archives consultant. She was Relationships in Records (6): Everything is BNZ Archivist from February 2001 to May 2002. Related to Something Else. Chris Hurley Robin Griffin was Archivist for the Bank of New Review: Archives and Manuscripts vol.31 no.l, Zealand from 1973 to 1990. He established the May 2003. Rosemary Collier Archives and Museum. Now he is an occasional Latest News from the Friends of the Turnbull author, and does voluntary archives work on the Library. Rachel Underwood Auckland Grammar Schools Board collection at the NRAM News. Kay Sanderson, Caroline McBride Auckland City Library. EDUKIT Course: "Organising Archives". Chris Hurley is Information and Archives Specialist, News Items: Janet Frame; New Zealand writer Knowledge Management, Commonwealth Bank of Janet Frame dies, 79; Janet Frame: Writer who Australia, Sydney fought to efface the stigma of madness; Tracking Puawai and Arahi Hagger are the main movers down Ratana's history; Ratana Church archive behind the Ratana Archives project. They have wins funding; Thesis tells story of Ratana been involved with Ratana Pa for 22 years. movement and its church; Couple researching Caroline McBride is E.H. McCormick Assistant Ratana movement; Ratana reels in the years; Librarian at the Auckland Art Gallery Library. Progress on Maori issues; Archives opened in Alice Kay Sanderson is NRAM Administrator and Springs; Record keeping concerns eased; Training Co-ordinator. Noteworthy day for bank museum; Cows, 'turkies' Rachel Underwood is President of The Friends of and parrots you can shoot - it's Wellington, 1942; the Turnbull Library. Unveiling of Caccia Birch Archive; Heritage Trust Champions Matheson Collection; Vital paper destroyed as bridge dispute goes on; Bay to put $19m into arts and museum; Fresh challenge over Pitcairn sovereignty; Historic documents delay Pitcairn case; Longman-History Today Trustees Award. Rosemary Collier, Puawai and Arahi Hagger, Lila Hamilton, Michael Hodder, Kay Sanderson, Noelene Wevell.

New Zealand Archivist (ISSN 0114-7676) is the quarterly journal of the New Zealand Society of Archivists Incorporated. It is published each year in: Autumn/March; Winter/June; Spring/September and Summer/ December. It is compiled by the editor: Rosemary Collier. Copyright © NZSA and contributors. Views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the NZSA. The editorial address is PO Box 27-057, Wellington, NZ. All other correspondence to Secretary, NZSA, at the same address. Contributions for publications are invited. The journal is available through membership of the society (personal $45.00 in NZ, $55.00 overseas, or institutional $100.00) or separately by subscription at the same rates. Overseas rates include airmail postage. All charges payable in New Zealand dollars only.