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CRB-ANIM Neck Region Towards the Product of This Gene

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CRB-ANIM Neck Region Towards the Product of This Gene Precious resources International Innovation caught up with Dr Michèle Tixier-Boichard who discusses her background in animal genetics and the development of a nationwide network of biological resource centres for domestic animals that is useful for both science and society skin, and reveals the higher sensitivity of the to be used for research, livestock production and CRB-ANIM neck region towards the product of this gene. biomedical models. Having an animal biobank This mechanism was quite unexpected and we network will strongly increase the quality of the learned a lot from studying this spontaneous management of the diverse collections, through mutation. It is not only a question of veterinary the sharing of expertise and the development of sciences, but a more general ambition to common protocols and procedures. Questions better understand biology and evolution. of which genome to store and restore, with which reproductive technology, are central How did you come to be involved with the to our endeavour. The Network will support Network of Biological Resources Centers for the scientific and socioeconomic valuation of Domestic Animals (CRB-Anim) project? collections of biological samples for domestic animals, and establish new links between In 2010, a call for national infrastructures in life BRCs to fully exploit the synergy between sciences was launched by the French National them. Another crucial issue is to set up clear Research Agency (ANR) within the framework procedures for access to samples and for of the ‘Investing for the Future’ programme. acknowledging the samples’ providers, in I thought this would be a great opportunity agreement with the principles of the Nagoya to support the development of biological protocol for access and benefit sharing. resource centers (BRCs) for livestock species, What led you to develop an and so I coordinated the project preparation. What are some of the technological interest in animal genetics? developments that have facilitated this work? Why are BRCs and the research I have been conducting research in animal they conduct important? We have set up a platform for DNA extraction genetics at the French National Institute of and quality control, in order to support large- Agronomic Research (INRA) since the 1980s, BRCs have canonical missions: to collect, scale projects in genomics and ensure reliable starting from quantitative genetics and evolving document, store and distribute biological results will be obtained from genotyping and/ to molecular genetics. I became interested in samples. It is their responsibility to save biological or sequencing. A new robot has been bought animal genetic resources, particularly local samples for future research and facilitate access for DNA extraction in order to handle various breeds, in the 1990s. The whole field fascinates to these samples with transparent procedures. types of tissues from mammals, birds and me; genetic variability is the basis for evolution, Furthermore, BRCs are enabling reserch projects fishes, and allow variable amounts of tissues, and has been used intensively by selection aimed at characterising genome diversity and the so as to offer a large flexibility to researchers. programmes in a range of domestic species. relationships between genotype and phenotype. We have also invested in equipment that provides a sensitive assessment of DNA I am impressed by the phenotypic variability that Could you outline the overarching quality and quantity in order to guarantee has arisen through domestication and selection aims of CRB-Anim? the feasibility of future experiments such as in animals, and searching for the genes which whole genome sequencing. Finally, we have determine such phenotypic variability is very The central objective of the Network is to purchased equipment for semen quality control, exciting. For instance, the naked neck phenotype integrate and upgrade any French BRCs that in order to standardise the measurements to be in chickens is due to the translocation of a small store reproductive and genomic material for performed on semen samples. This will prove segment of chromosome 1 into a region of domestic animals, mammals, birds, fish, shellfish particularly useful when we start cryobanking chromosome 3, which induces the expression of and bees. The project will create, at the national new species, particularly fish and shellfish, a neighbouring gene (BMP12) in the embryonic level, a unique resource for all domestic species for which few data are currently available. 96 INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION CRB-ANIM OVERALL, CRB-ANIM MAINTAINS APPROXIMATELY 530,000 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, INCLUDING SEMEN, EMBRYOS, CELLS, TISSUES, DNA AND RNA FORGING LINKS ACROSS FRANCE CRB-Anim’s overarching objective is to integrate and upgrade all BRCs within France that are involved in storing biological materials (both reproductive and genomic) for the country’s Biological arks domestic animals, mammals, birds, fish, shellfish and bees. The reasons for this are twofold, and encompass both biodiversity and biomedicine. In France, the Network of Biological Resource Centres for Domestic “CRB-Anim aims to save and characterise the Animals has been established with the twin aims of preserving the nation’s genetic diversity of 22 species of domestic animals, with a focus on endangered breeds and genetic biodiversity while improving genomics research in the area genomic tools to improve knowledge of these genetic resources, and possible applications around population rescue, diversification EARLY ALLUSIONS TO the idea that humans dates back from the 1990s, during which of animal productions, and identification of should preserve the biodiversity and genetic lines time she established a DNA bank as part of breed specific traits,” Tixier-Boichard expands. of animals can be found in passages of the Bible, AvianDiv, a European project dedicated to the “Furthermore, we hope to contribute to in which Noah builds an ark to carry two of every genetic diversity of chickens. In 2003 she took biomedical models, for example, by identifying animal in order to save them from a worldwide this interest further, helping to establish one causal mutations for genetic diseases.” The flood. It is a sentiment that has gathered support of France’s first cryobanks and, following the Network will be useful for livestock breeding throughout the last several decades; a fact successful sequencing of the chicken genome with a complementary approach to on-farm reflected by the rise of biological resource centres in 2004, initiated collaborations with European management of genetic diversity, as well as for (BRCs), which have been created to safeguard colleagues to identify the genes responsible for unravelling the genetic determinism of specific animal genetics in the face of an uncertain future, morphological and plumage colour variation traits or diseases. and facilitate research aimed at better knowledge in chickens. “It was at this stage that I realised and management of this heritage. just how precious our samples were – both To achieve its aims, CRB-Anim draws on for genomics and for all livestock species,” the diverse expertise of the wide network BRCs are, in many ways, a cornerstone of she recalls. created by its eight project partners and their biotechnology. Repositories of genetic and collaborators. Overall, the Network’s reach reproductive samples, they act as storage By the time ANR issued its call, Tixier-Boichard includes public research institutions (French and research centres, housing vast collections was Head of the French National Cryobank, National Institute of Agronomic Research and of tissues, cells and biomolecules alongside which cryopreserves biological materials from French National Centre for Scientific Research), laboratories and cutting-edge technologies. livestock animals – and so was well placed to higher education and research institutions However, BRCs do not always operate with one initiate such a far-reaching and collaborative (University of Tours, AgroParisTech and four another as efficiently as they should. Different undertaking. Thus, the Network of BRCs for National Veterinary Schools), private platforms BRCs house different collections, which they Domestic Animals (CRB-Anim) project was born. (LABOGENA and ANTAGENE) and a scientific manage in different ways. The development of common protocols and policies, and the linking of BRCs within a network, would therefore have benefits for both the scientists who work within the centres and external stakeholders. BUILDING UP BRCS It was with this in mind that, in 2011, Dr Michèle Tixier-Boichard answered a call to set up national infrastructures in life sciences, launched by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of its ‘Investing for the Future’ programme. “I considered this to be the ideal opportunity to support the development of BRCs for livestock species,” she elaborates. Tixier-Boichard already had a strong grounding in this area. Her research interest in animal genetic resources, particularly local breeds, WWW.INTERNATIONALINNOVATION.COM 97 INTELLIGENCE NETWORK OF BIOLOGICAL CRB-Anim collaboration RESOURCES CENTERS FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS (CRB-ANIM) THE NETWORK’S PARTNERS INCLUDE: OBJECTIVES French National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) Animals Genetics and To integrate and upgrade all BRCs Integrative Biology (GABI) – a research within France that are involved unit devoted to developing methods in storing biological materials for and tools for genetic improvement livestock
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