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A Structured Analysis of Ostpolitik: a Paradigm of a Systems Approach James E Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1974 A Structured Analysis of Ostpolitik: A Paradigm of a Systems Approach James E. Getz Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Political Science at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Getz, James E., "A Structured Analysis of Ostpolitik: A Paradigm of a Systems Approach" (1974). Masters Theses. 3698. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3698 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because Date Author pdm A S�RUCTURED ANALYSISOFOSTPOLITIK; A PARADIGM OF ASYSTEMSAPPROACH (TITLE) BY JAMES E. PGETZ· B.S. Ed., Eastern Illinois University, 1972 THESIS SUBMITIED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1974 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGRi;f'}CITED ABOVs t../17 f rlr:;:h.., PREFACE He who has Berlin , has Germany; He who has Germany, has Europe. --Lenin This statement might be a good introduction to my reasons for studying West German foreign policy. Since the time of Napolean and the end of the Holy Roman Empire, ambi tious leaders hoping to control the European continent have looked with wishful eyes on this centralize European country. Being a crossroads from East to West and North to South in the continent , the German people have contin- ually been exposed to different rulers and new ideas . The populace of this part of Europe has , since the rise of modern nation-states, participated in most of the major events in European history: the social revolutions of 1830 and 1848; the struggle for sovereignty and nationalism of the late nineteenth century ; both of the world wars of the twentieth century. Even after the defeat of Naziism in 1945 , Germany has been an actor in the Cold War and in today 's detente. The militaristic and disciplined mind of Frederick the Great, the calculated unification and recog- nition of a strong Germany wrought by Otto von Bismarck , and the unprecedented terror struck by Adolf Hitler all serve as predecessors to the importance of modern Germany. ii Looking back over her past, it is not really too surprising that Germany should be an active participant in the present detente in Europe. In the process of writing this paper I must recognize, above all other people, my wif� Rita, who has endured not only many hardships while I worked on this study but also the wrath of a frustrated political science graduate student during his perplexing moments of writing a thesis • . Recog­ nition must also be given to Dr. John R. Faust, my advisor and guiding light throughout this work, and to Dr . Laurence C. Thorsen of the Department of Political Science ·and Dr. Wolfgang T. Schlauch of the Department of History, who, as members of my thesis committee and as individuals, have provided me with direction and inspiration as a student of German affairs. James E. Getz Eastern Illinois University August, 1974 iii CONTENTS �. .. PREFACE ••••••.••••. •...•..•.•.•. ••••.•. .•••••••••• ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. • . • • . • • • • . • . • . • • . • . • • . vi CHAPTER I. BASIC PURPOSES OF THE STUDY .............. 1 Introduction of Ostpolitik and its setting in international relations; a background into the methodology; introduction of the paradigm of the study; a synopsis of the paper · CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW. • . • . • 20 A background of the material on Ostpolitik: those of the systemic approach; those of the historical approach; those dealing with the question of independence; those yielding insights into change CHAPTER III. A SUMMATION OF OSTPOLITIK: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE . ............... 31 An overvi�w of Ostpolitik from 1949 to 1972; the developments of the trends of Ostpolitik through. the use of the material available; a background f-or analysis CHAPTER IV. OSTPOLITIK: AN ANALYSIS. ............... 49 The development of eras of the 1949- 1972 period through Step 1: A Discussion of the Phases of Ostpolitik-- a basis for systemic adaptation; the systemic analysis through Step 2: A Modular ·Adaptation of Ostpolitik; Inputs and Outputs Affecting the West German Decision-Making Arena-­ an analysis of the Adenauer , Grand Coalition, and Brandt-Scheel eras iv CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 80 Reflections on the Systems Approach for the general systems idea and for the three eras of the analysis; Reflections on Realism-- a subjective discussion of the adaptibility of Morgenthau 's realistic approach and its relevancy to the study of Ostpolitik; Final Remarks-- a subjective projection of the trends of Ostpolitik SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 94 APPENDIX •.........•.......•. • • • • . • • • . • • • • . • • • • • 9 7 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illustration Page I. Components of the Total Environment of a Political System •.•.•••••..• ••..•.• 6 II. A Dynamic Response Model of a Political System................... ..... 8 III. A Simplified Model of a Political System •. 10 IV. The Dialectical Approach Compared to the Input-Output Approach .•......••..•...... 12 V. The Paradigm of This Study •.••.......••..• 14 VI. The Phases of Ostpolitik •.......••••..•.• 59-60 VII . Modular Adaptation: Empty Model with Terms.............................. 63 VIII. Modular Adaptation: The Adenauer Era with Components .................... ..... 65 IX. Modular Adaptation: The Grand Coalition Era -with Components. • . • . • . 69 X. Modular Adaptation: The Brandt-Scheel Era with Components. • . • . • . • . • • 7 2 XI. Modular Adaptation: The Components of Ostpolitik ...•.••....••.••........•.• 76 vi CHAPTER I BASIC PURPOSES OF THE STUDY This work is designed to study Ostpolitik, .the foreign policy of the Federal Republ ic of Germany towards Eastern Europe in particular , set within a current framework of the body of knowledge in the field of international relations set forth by scholars in recent decades. Although Ostpolitik literally translated means "Eastern politics" and could refer to the relations of West Germany with any country to the East of the Federal Republic itself, this study will limit itself to foreign affairs with Eastern Europe (including the Soviet Union). The reason for this is to present a topic of a broad spectrum following a somewhat narrow line. This may seem to defeat its own purpose and it will indeed present some problems and/or inadequacies in the study. It will, however , achieve the goal of simplifying an enormous topic to the point that it may be examined in an orderly fashion without being burdened with tangents. To study Ostpolitik in its entirety would be to risk accomplishing nothing meaningful. The purpose, as stated above, is not to result in revelations concerning Ostpolitik, but merely to try to place its study in an orderly framework. - 2- To a participant or an observer the study of inter­ national relations may appear to lack a measurable degree of conformity in the development of a framework for the analysis of events and data. This could be considered as somewhat valid for other areas of political studies but, this of ten appears to be exceptionally true in the case of relations amongst states. When studying two countries simultaneously , as opposed to one political entity , there are often more variables which must be accounted for. One of these variables involves two completely different political systems each composed of different parts and factors. Much of what is known of the study of international relations could possibly be criticized as being on the verge of journalistic rather than academic. Much of this criticism from new political scientists would probably be due to a lack of hard data; again , the problem of quantifying data using more than one set of variables . The study of inter­ national relations does appear, however, to have a lack of sense of direction generally accepted by the scholars in the field. This can be exemplified by viewing the contrast­ ing area of political behavior , which is at least partially more "scientific" in its theoretical foundations. While most scholars in po litical behavior would probably agree on the usefulness of quantitative data resulting from surveys , questionaires , interviews, etc. , scholars in the - 3 - field of international relations cannot agree on a basic starting point. Some believe a macroanalysis
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