2021 SPA Journal
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2021 SPA at IU Journal SPA Journal at IU Spring 2021 Edition Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University 2021 Edition Table of Contents About the Student Personnel Association at IU ii Editors and Advisors iii Letter from the Editors iv Featured Articles Belonging in the 21st Century [Scholar’s Program]: Exploration of Sense 1 of Belonging Among Black 21st Century Scholars at Indiana University Bloomington Nicole Machovina, Madeline Murphy, Christine Salzman, and Angel Thornsbury From a Dream to Reality: O. P. Kretzmann’s Vision for Valparaiso University 20 Joseph Finke Black Student Perception on IU Mask Policy Enforcement 30 and General Feelings of Safety on Campus Valeria Hernandez, Taelor McCarthy, Jaelyn Millon, and Jeffery Waters Setting the PACE: An Assessment of Political Engagement and Motivations 53 Among Students at Indiana University Elliott Beach, Ryan Carlberg, Abigail Gschwend Harris, Jacob Henry, and Shelby Kuepker Scholarly Paper Sophomore Leadership and Identity Development in Men’s Fraternities 68 Elliott Beach Former Foster Youth Application of College Transition Theory 78 Tyra Voget LGBTQ+ Ally Identity Development in Religiously Affiliated Institutions 89 Jaelyn Millon Contemporary Issues and Opinions Help Us, Help Students: Supporting Advisors During COVID-19 98 Ashley H. Burelison, Matthew M. Rust, Megan E. Chaille, Amber F. Huff, Madison Crist, & Grace Klosterman Free Tuition in Higher Education 108 Jaelyn Millon Guns on College Campuses 111 Jaelyn Millon i SPA Journal at IU Spring 2021 Edition Student Personnel Association at Indiana University Higher Education and Student Affairs School of Education W.W. Wright Education Building, Suite 4228 Bloomington, IN 47405 812-856-8362 Editors Alice Dahlka, Dajanae Palmer, Imani Belton Faculty Advisors Dr. Lucy LePeau 2020-2021 Journal Review Board Kaitlin Benson, Danielle Feijoo, Joseph Finke, Larry Locke, Esen Gokpinar-Shelton, Jeff Heerdink-Santos, Valeria Hernandez, Daria Ivleva, Nicole Machovina, Jaelyn Millon, Amy Nuñez, Jordan Salinsky, Rebekah Stergar, Kwan Wallace SPA at IU Officers President Johnnie Allen Jr. Vice-President Tori Burkhart Director of Finance Adlin Iskandar Director of Administration Sarah Braunstein Director of Member Relations Claire Berman Directors of Outreach Mackenzie Kirsch, Alexis Dilg, and Ash Errichiello Directors of Programming Matthew Nolan and Rachel Rabenstine Director of Technology Julian Thomason The Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University is Published annually by the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University with support from the Higher Education and Student Affairs (HESA) program. The Journal is produced to provide an opportunity for HESA M.S.Ed, Ph.D, and Ed.D students and alumni to publish articles pertinent to the field of student affairs. The primary sources of funding for the Journal are alumni donations and support from current students within the HESA department. The important role that each of these contributors has played in the production of this edition is gratefully acknowledged and appreciated. ii SPA Journal at IU Spring 2020 Edition Journal Editors 1967: Ann Paloney & Michael J. Wiener 1997: Suzanne J. Mendoza, Jennifer Forbes & 1968: Marily Liechty Alan Rose 1969: Dallas Bauman 1998: Jennifer Forbes & Ryan A. Forsythe 1971: George C. Dehne 1999: Naraiah S. Broadus & Christopher R. 1972: Jane A. Lundahl Turner 1973: Helen Mamarchev & Winnifred Weeks 2000: Brent Ericson & Jason Pontius 1974: Elizabeth Brannon, Robert Ciesliki, 2001: Valerie A. Sarma & Kelly A. Kish Barbara Moudy, David Stacy & Dann 2002: Drew Griffin & Victoria S. Pasternak Lobsinger 2003: Victoria Pasternak & Tara L. Sherwin 1975: Dann Lobsinger & Deborah Ann Alter 2004: Matthew D. Nelson & Tara L. Sherwin 1976: Dianne Burnside & Richard Scott 2005: Matthew D. Nelson & Ryan D. Padgett 1977: Susan Hopp, Frank Araiolo & Vince 2006: Laura J. Barnes & Ryan D. Padgett Carunchia 2007: Laura J. Barnes & Lauren E. Morrill 1978: Elizabeth A. Zavodny, Marc Kaplan & 2008: Eddie R. Cole & Lauren E. Morrill- Jim Scroth Ragusea 1979: Jim Scroth 2009: Eddie R. Cole & Autumn T. Harrell 1980: L. E. Wegryn 2010: Autumn T. Harrell & Mark E. 1981: B. J. Bischoff & Brian Pisaro Houlemarde 1982: Rodney P. Kirsch & Janet J. Wright 2011: Mark E. Houlemarde & Tracy L. Teel 1983: Nedra Hartzell & Daniel Salter 2012: Tracy L. Teel & Kelly L. Grab 1984: Susan Buffington & Diane Ledger 2013: Kelly L. Grab & Stephanie T. X. Nguyen 1985: Margaret O’Brien & David Stewart 2014: Stephanie T. X. Nguyen & Woody 1986: Lora Burnett & James Vander Putten Lawson 1987: James J. Holmen & James J. Hurley 2015: Bernard H. Lawson & Matthew D. 1988: David J. Strauss & J. J. Thorp Cramer 1989: J. J. Thorp & Patricia Harned 2016: Matthew D. Cramer & Kody K. Sexton 1990: Patricia Harned & Diane Robinson 2017: Kody K. Sexton & Drew Donaldson 1991: Diane Robinson & Anne E. Spitler 2018: Drew Donaldson, Rebecca E. Kates, & 1992: Anne Spitler & Lisa K. Mitchell Vandana Pawa 1993: Lisa K. Mitchell & Allison Block 2019: Rebecca E. Kates, Vandana Pawa, & 1994: Allison Block & Melody M. Snyder Autumn Kearney 1995: Melody M. Snyder, Lisa P. Lourden, Kelli 2020: Alice Dahlka, Autumn Kearney, & Kputska Smith & John Bean Dajanae Palmer 1996: John Bean & Kelli Kaputska Smith 2021: Alice Dahlka, Dajanae Palmer, & Imani Belton Advisors 1960-1977: Elizabeth Greenleaf 1997-1998: Teresa Hall 1970-1971: Wanda Deutsch 1998-2000: Ada Simmons 1972-1976: David Decoster 2000-2002: Jillian Kinzie 1977-1982: George Kuh 2002-2004: Kate Boyle 1983-1987: John Schuh 2004-2005: Lori Patton 1987-1988: Don Hossler 2005-2014: Danielle DeSawal 1988-1989: Frances Stage 2015: Karyn E. Rabourn 1989-1990: Don Hossler 2016: Danielle M. DeSawal 1990-1996: George Kuh 2017-2020: Lucy LePeau & Gary Pike 1996-1997: Bruce Jacobs 2021: Lucy LePeau iii SPA Journal at IU Spring 2021 Edition Letter from the Editors Alice Dahlka, Dajanae Palmer, Imani Belton It is with great excitement that we present the 2021 edition of the Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University (SPA at IU Journal). This publication is a collection of scholarly work related to higher education and student affairs (HESA) that is written, edited, and published by students and alumni of the masters and doctoral HESA programs at IU. 2021 has marked a significant milestone in IU history as the year of adjusting to the changes and transitions required by COVID-19. Though the on campus celebrations have been halted because of the COVID-19 pandemic, we wanted to make sure that the SPA at IU Journal was able to celebrate the amazing scholarship and achievements of the HESA students despite this year’s challenges. The first edition of the SPA at IU Journal was published in 1967, featuring articles on a variety of topics that provide current students with a time capsule on relevant issues in student affairs throughout history. The SPA at IU Journal also helps keep record of significant milestones in the programs’ histories. At the conclusion of the 2019-2020 academic year, Drs. Gerardo Gonzalez and Gary Pike retired. Both had long and fruitful careers where they have positively shaped the rising generation of higher education scholars and practitioners. During the 2020-2021 academic year, the HESA programs were also fortunate to welcome new faculty. Dr. Vasti Torres returned to the IU HESA program as Professor and Department Chair for Educational Leadership and Policy Studies. We also welcomed Drs. Oscar Patrón, Maurice Shirley, and Cindy Ann Kilgo as Assistant Professors into the program. The 2020-2021 presented an ongoing challenge to our academic and journal editing experience with the continuation of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Last academic year we dealt with the sudden response to the pandemic. This year we were challenged with learning ways to adapt and make the best of a fully virtual environment. We were able to adapt our training for the journal review board and include a training session for all prospective authors. SPA at IU Journal is a developmental process for all students involved. A testament to this development you will notice an author with multiple manuscripts, we love seeing students resubmit work because they are able to produce great work that can be published. We wanted to ensure to include an acknowledgement of racial injustice that has been a focal point of the 2020-2021 school year. This school year in addition to navigating a global health pandemic we also navigated institutional and societal responses to the killing of Black and Asian folks across the country. These acts of hate and abuse of power set the background for everyone, especially with so much taking place in the Midwest and close to IU. We want to acknowledge the lives taken from us and hope to continue to publish pieces that push the higher education and student affairs community to advocate for change for those most marginalized in academia. The 2021 edition marks the third year we have included a Contemporary Issues and Opinions section where we feature editorial style writing. Pieces in this section of the 2021 edition provide opinions on the topics of free college tuition and permitting guns on college campuses. This edition also spans a variety of timelines, ranging from O.P. Kretzmann’s vision for Valparaiso University to supporting academic advisors through the COVID-19 pandemic. We also have the pleasure of including pieces that expand current student development literature. Finally, we offer three original research pieces that provide insight into supporting marginalized student groups through the COVID-19 pandemic and examining political motivations for undergraduate students. This year, we refashioned our submission categories to be broader and allow a greater variety of manuscripts to be submitted. We hope that you see and enjoy these changes in this and future editions. As the editors of the 2021 edition of the SPA at IU Journal, we would like to thank the authors who participated in this edition of the journal by submitting and editing their piece throughout a semester turned upside down by the pandemic.