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Synthese Library Synthese Library Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science Volume 415 Editor-in-Chief Otávio Bueno, University of Miami, Department of Philosophy, USA Editors Berit Brogaard, University of Miami, USA Anjan Chakravartty, University of Notre Dame, USA Steven French, University of Leeds, UK Catarina Dutilh Novaes, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands The aim of Synthese Library is to provide a forum for the best current work in the methodology and philosophy of science and in epistemology. A wide variety of different approaches have traditionally been represented in the Library, and every effort is made to maintain this variety, not for its own sake, but because we believe that there are many fruitful and illuminating approaches to the philosophy of science and related disciplines. Special attention is paid to methodological studies which illustrate the interplay of empirical and philosophical viewpoints and to contributions to the formal (logical, set-theoretical, mathematical, information-theoretical, decision-theoretical, etc.) methodology of empirical sciences. Likewise, the applications of logical methods to epistemology as well as philosophically and methodologically relevant studies in logic are strongly encouraged. The emphasis on logic will be tempered by interest in the psychological, historical, and sociological aspects of science. Besides monographs Synthese Library publishes thematically unified anthologies and edited volumes with a well-defined topical focus inside the aim and scope of the book series. The contributions in the volumes are expected to be focused and structurally organized in accordance with the central theme(s), and should be tied together by an extensive editorial introduction or set of introductions if the volume is divided into parts. An extensive bibliography and index are mandatory. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6607 The Sylvan Jungle This book is part of a collection of four books that present the work of the iconic and iconoclastic Australian philosopher Richard Routley (né Sylvan). The four books are: • Exploring Meinong’s Jungle and Beyond • Noneist Explorations I • Noneist Explorations II • Ultralogic as Universal? All books are published in the Synthese Library. Editorial team of the Sylvan Jungle: • Maureen Eckert • Ross Brady • Filippo G.E. Casati • Nicholas Griffin • Dominic Hyde • Chris Mortensen • Graham Priest • Zach Weber Richard Routley and Val Routley Authors Dominic Hyde Editor Noneist Explorations I The Sylvan Jungle — Volume 2 with Supplementary Essays Richard Routley and Val Routley (deceased) rEdito Dominic Hyde Philosophy, HPRC University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia Synthese Library ISBN 978-3-030-26307-2 ISBN 978-3-030-26309-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26309-6 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Editors’ Preface This volume continues the reprinting of a new edition of Richard Routley’s 1980 mono- graph Exploring Meinong’s Jungle and Beyond: An investigation of noneism and the theory of items. Some of the work reprinted in this volume contains material co-authored with Val Plumwood (formerly Val Routley), in particular, chapter 4. Other material was developed with Val, for example parts of chapter 7 (cf. the footnote beginning §7.7(2)). For this reason, she is listed as co-author. We have sought to correct obvious errors, and have updated some references. As noted in the preface to Vol. 1, attempts were made to locate and reproduce the photo- graphs that Sylvan included in the original publication (see the introductory essay by Hyde, Vol. 1), but the passage of time has erased their tracks. We have, however, been able to find further photographs of the same area as that pictured in the original mono- graph by one of the original photographers, Henry Gold, and with his kind permission reproduce another of his photos, Vines and epiphytes,inthisvolume. For help in the production of this second volume, thanks go to: Louise Sylvan for her permission to reprint Richard’s original material; Elizabeth Smart for permission to reprint the essay by J.J.C. Smart; the ever-helpful archivists at the University of Queensland Fryer Library (where Sylvan’s extensive archive is housed); Michael Kebrt and the Word-to-LaTeX crew; and funding from the University of Adelaide. ***** Anoteonreferencing:theoriginal1980editioniscitedas“EMJB1”(availableat: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/14805), and this four-volume reprint is cited as “EMJB2”. Page, section and chapter references are to EMJB2. The Sylvan Jungle Editors: Maureen Eckert Ross Brady Filippo Casati Nicholas Griffin Dominic Hyde Chris Mortensen Graham Priest Zach Weber Contents Editors’ Preface v Contributors xi Introduction: Some Personal Reflections – Priest xiii ORIGINAL MATERIAL xix First Edition Front Matter [Abridged] xxiii Acknowledgements ................................. xxiii CHAPTER 2 Exploring Meinong’s jungle and beyond. II. Exist- ence and identity when times change 1 §1 Existence is existence now ....................... 1 §2 Enlarging on some of the chronological inadequacies of classical logic and its metaphysical basis, the Reference Theory ....... 5 §3 Change and identity over time; Heracleitean and Parmenidean problems for chronological logics ................... 11 §4 Developing a nonmetrical neutral chronological logic ........ 18 §5 Further corollaries of noneism for the philosophy of time ...... 48 1Realityquestions:therealityoftime?.............. 48 2Againstthesubjectivityoftime:initialpoints......... 50 3 The future is not real ....................... 51 4Allegedrelativisticdifficulties aboutthepresenttimeandas to tense .............................. 53 5 Time, change and alternative worlds .............. 56 6Limitationsonstatementsaboutthefuture,especiallyasto naming objects and making predictions? ............ 57 7Fatalismandalternativefutures................. 61 CHAPTER 3 On what there isn’t 67 CHAPTER 4 Further objections to the theory of items disarmed 87 §1 The theory of objects is inconsistent, absurd; Carnap’s objec- tions, and Hinton’s case against Meinongianism ........... 88 §2 The attack on nonexistent objects,andallegedpuzzlesabout what such objects could be ...................... 95 §3 The accusation of platonism; being, types of existence, and the condition on existence ......................... 97 §4 Subsistence objections ......................... 105 §5 The defects of nonentities; the problem of relations, and indeterminacy109 §6 Nonentities are mere shadows, facades, verbal simulacra; appeal to the formal mode ........................... 112 §7 Tooley’s objection that the claim that there are nonexistent ob- jects answering to objects of thought leads to contradictions .... 116 §8 Williams’ argument that fatal difficulties beset Meinongian pure objects ................................. 119 §9 Further objections based on quantification and on features of truth-definitions ............................ 123 §10 Findlay’s objection that nonentities are lawless, chaotic, unscientific 125 §11 Grossmann’s case against Meinong’s theory of objects ....... 127 §12 Mish’alani’s criticism of Meinongian theories ............ 140 §13 A theory of impossible objects is bound to be inconsistent: and objections based on rival theories of descriptions .......... 144 §14 Identity again: Lambert’s challenge and how Quine hits back ... 150 §15 Further objections based on theories of descriptions ......... 155 §16 The charge that a theory of items is unnecessary: the inadequacy of rival referential programmes .................... 160 CHAPTER 5 Three Meinongs 165 §1 The mythological Meinong again, and further Oxford and North American misrepresentation ...................... 165 §2 The Characterisation Postulate further considered, and some draw- backs of the consistent position .................... 174 §3 Interlude on the historical Meinong: evidence that Meinong in- tended his theory to be a consistent one, and some counter-evidence 178 §4 The paraconsistent position, and forms of the Characterisation Postulate in the case of abstract objects ............... 183 §5
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