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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microrilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9427765 Urban family structure in late antiquity as evidenced by John Chrysostom O'Roark, Douglaa Alan, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1994 Copyright ©1994 by O'Roark, Douglas Alan. All ri^ ts reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 URBAN FAMILY STRUCTURE IN LATE ANTIQUITY AS EVIDENCED BY JOHN CHRYSOSTOM DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Douglas Alan O'Roark, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1994 Dissertation Committee: Approved by T. E. Gregory ^ ^ / O J.Baker Advise^/' J. Lynch Department of Histc Copyright by Douglas Alan O'Roark 1994 To My Mother and Father Separately, My Sons Maxwell and Grayson Equdly, and My Wife Kelly Especially. Vita April 2, 1963 ................................................Bom - Winston-Salem, N.C. 1986 ...............................................................B.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1989.............................................................. M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1994.............................................................. Assistant Professor of History, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, Colorado FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................................................................................. ii VITA.....................................................................................................................iii ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................. vi CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 Family Studies .........................................................................................2 Roman Family .........................................................................................4 Late Antiquity ..........................................................................................6 The Evidence of Chrysostom................................................................. 8 Methodology.......................................................................................... 13 n. ROMAN MARRIAGE .............................................................................. 17 Marital Purpose and Form .....................................................................18 Legal Requirements............................................................................. 19 The Augustan Legislation on M arriage............................................... 22 Marriage Arrangements........................................................................ 24 D owry.................................................................................................... 25 Ceremony .............................................................................................. 27 Roman Husbands and W ives ................................................................27 Divorce and Remarriage....................................................................... 30 m . MARITAL ARRANGEMENTS DELATE ANTIQUITY..................... 33 Purpose.................................................................................................. 34 Legal Requirements.............................................................................. 37 Creating a M arriage.............................................................................. 39 Age at First Marriage............................................................................ 48 iv Engagement...........................................................................................52 Dowry.................................................................................................... 59 Ceremony ............................................................................................ 75 IV. HUSBANDS AND WIVES ................................................................... 82 Roles...................................................................................................... 83 Marital Relationships ......................................................................... 98 Household.......................................................................................... I l l Divorce and Remarriage......................................................................120 V. FAMILY PLANNING............................................................................. 126 Family Planning and Infant Mortality in Classical Antiquity 127 Family Planning and Infant Mortality in Late Antiquity ...................132 The Evidence of Chrysostom.......................................................... 136 Abortion and Abandonment ............................................................. 146 VI. PARENTHOOD.................................. 152 Fatherhood in Classical Rom e............................................................ 152 Fatherhood in Late Antiquity ............................................................. 157 Motherhood in Classical R om.......................................................... e 168 Motherhood in Late Antiquity............................................................ 170 Vn. CHILDHOOD: SONS AND DAUGHTERS........................................ 180 Children at P lay ...................................................................................180 Education............................................................................................. 182 Sons ..................................................................................................... 189 Coming of A g e....................................................................................190 Young M en............................................................................. 194 Daughters............................................................................................. 197 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 199 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................205 ABBREVIATIONS Cod. Th ................................................................................. Codex Theodosianus Dig........................................................................................... Digest of Justinian P.G.......................................................................J. P. Migne, Patrologia Graeca VI Chapter I: Introduction This dissertation examines family structure in the Eastern Roman Empire during the period of late antiquity. One of the principal objects of the dissertation is to determine the fundamental structure of the family unit (whether it was nuclear or extended), and to describe the relationships that existed between individual members of the family unit. In addition, this dissertation will examine the family in relation to the larger societal context of the fourth and fifth century. A central issue of late antiquity is the concept of continuity/discontinuity, that is to say, to what extent the institutions of late antiquity can be seen as similar or dissimilar to the institutions of the classical world. The institution of marriage can be seen fundamentally as the creation of a new family. Therefore the first section of this dissertation is devoted to examining the arrangement and celebration of marriage, as well as the relationship between husbands and wives. In this section the second chapter presents a synthesis of the evidence for Roman marriage, and this is followed by two chapters on marriage and marital relationships in late antiquity. In the second section, the roles of parents and children are examined and again a considerable amount of continuity is revealed within these individual roles and in the relationship between parents and children. In both sections the relationship between family and city is discussed and it is concluded
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