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1 Experiment 6 Determination of the Equilibrium Constant For
Experiment 6 Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for Bromocresol Green Reading assignment: Chang, Chemistry 10th edition, Chapter 15: Acids and Bases, sections 1-5. Goals To determine the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for bromocresol green (BCG), an acid-base indicator. Discussion Acid-base indicators are often used to demonstrate the end-point of an acid-base reaction. Examples include phenolphthalein and the mixture of indicators used in universal indicator solution. Acid-base indicators are + – weak acids that dissociate into a hydronium ion (H3O ) and a conjugate base anion (In ). This dissociation can be represented through the following equation and equilibrium expression: +- +- [H3 O ][In ] HIn (aq) + H23 O (l) H O (aq) + In (aq) Ka = weak acidhydronium conjugatebase [HIn] indicatorion indicator In order for a compound to be a useful indicator, the acidic form (HIn) and the basic form (In–) of the indicator should differ in color. Since equilibrium in acidic solution favors the formation of HIn, this species is called the acidic form of the indicator. Likewise, the In– form is called the basic form since it is favored in basic solutions. An equilibrium mixture of the indicator will be colored according to the relative concentration of each form of the indicator. The position of the equilibrium and, therefore, the relative + + concentration of the two forms of the indicator will depend on the H3O concentration, [H3O ] or in shorthand notation [H+]. The absorption curve of an indicator at different pH values can be studied to determine the equilibrium constant of the indicator. In this experiment, we will determine the equilibrium constant of bromocresol green (BCG). -
Dnazone Classroom Kit Classroom Kits Created by Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh the Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology
DNAZone Classroom Kit Classroom kits created by Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh The Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology Kit title What is the pH? Chemistry of Acids and Bases Appropriate grade level Upper high school, AP Chemistry The concept of acids and bases is an important topic in any introductory chemistry course. It is also a crucial part of standardized exams. Because acids and bases are so prevalent in real life applications, learning the concept through hands-on experiments will enhance a student’s understanding of these topics Abstract and evoke curiosity and interest. The teaching plan of this kit follows the PPP model, which, stands for presentation, practice and production. The included set of activities involves using pH indicators to characterize the acidity of common household items and to gain understanding of the importance of acids and bases in controlling homeostasis in biological systems. Time Two 40-minute class periods Process Standards 3.4.12 A. Apply concepts about structure and properties of matter • Characterize and identify important classes of compounds (e.g. acids, bases, PA Department of salts) Education Standards Content Standards 3.1.12 B. Apply concepts of models as a method to predict and understand science and technology 3.1.12 C. Assess and apply patterns in science and technology A Demonstration of Acid Rain. http://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v5_issue1/fongmw/index.htm#contents (accessed June 29, 2012). Exploring Acids and Bases. Kit adapted from: http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/homeexpts/ACIDBASE.html (accessed June 29, 2012). Guare, Linette. -
(A) Fill in the Blanks : (1) 10% Nacl Is Known As Brine. 1 (2) Very Fine Particles Mainly Scatter Blue Light
MT 2017 ___ ___ 1100 MT - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - I (72) - SEMI PRELIM - I : PAPER - 3 Time : 2 Hours Semi Prelim - I : Model Answer Paper Max. Marks : 40 SECTION - A A.1. (A) Fill in the blanks : (1) 10% NaCl is known as brine. 1 (2) Very fine particles mainly scatter blue light. 1 (3) The phenomenon of change in the direction of light when it passes 1 from one transparent medium to another is called refraction. A.1. (B) True or False : (1) False : Salts of strong acid and weak base are acidic in nature. 1 (2) True 1 A.2. Rewrite the following statements by selecting the correct alternative: (1) (d) Lichen 1 (2) (b) Ferrous chloride 1 (3) (c) passes without bending 1 (4) (a) 50º 1 (5) (a) increases 1 A.3. Answer the following in short : (Any 5) (1) Washing soda Baking soda 2 (i) It is sodium carbonate. (i) It is sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate. (ii) It's molecular formula is (ii) It's molecular formula is . Na2CO3 10H2O NaHCO3. (iii) It is a crystalline substance. (iii) It is an amorphous powder. (iv) It is used in manufacturing (iv) It is used in bakery for soaps and detergent. making cakes and bread lighter and spongy. .. 2 .. PAPER 3 (2) (i) Baking soda is chemically known as sodium bicarbonate. 2 (ii) On heating, sodium bicarbonate decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide (CO2). (iii) The carbon dioxide produced is released due to which the cake becomes soft and spongy. (iv) Hence, baking soda is used to make cake spongy and soft. -
LESSON 3 WHAT IS Ph? LESSON 3 : WHAT IS Ph?
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LESSON 3 WHAT IS pH? LESSON 3 : WHAT IS pH? LESSON OBJECTIVES We are learning about how acids and alkalis are identified using the pH scale. 1 2 3 4 IDENTIFY DETERMINE EXPLAIN ANALYZE what the pH the pH of some various ways to the pH of water scale is and the everyday identify the pH samples using purpose for it substances of substances universal indicator pa IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SPONSORED BY LESSON 3 : WHAT IS pH? KEY VOCABULARY Acid A substance with a pH of less than 7 Alkali A substance with a pH of more than 7 (A soluble base) Base A substance which can neutralize an acid Litmus test A test for acidity or alkalinity using litmus Neutral Solution A substance with the pH of 7 pH A scale (0 -14) which measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A solution or paper that changes color gradually over a range of pH. Universal indicator This is used to test the acidity and alkalinity of a solution. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SPONSORED BY 1 LESSON 3 : WHAT IS pH? STARTER Take a look at these four images. Think about what substances are shown in each image. How would you categorize these images into two groups? Why did you choose to organize them this way? Explain. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SPONSORED BY 1 LESSON 3 : WHAT IS pH? STARTER Scientists group these substances into acids and alkalis. Acids Alkalis Acids are corrosive substances. Alkalis are also corrosive substances. They are sour to taste. They feel very slippery when touched. -
Intermediate Answer Key Chapter 21: Acids and Bases
CK-12 Chemistry Concepts - Intermediate Answer Key Chapter 21: Acids and Bases 21.1 Properties of Acids Practice Questions Watch the video at the link below and answer the following questions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uahCEZf831c 1. Which of the four solutions are acids? 2. Stop the video at 0:30 minutes and predict conductivities. 3. What color did the acids turn when universal indicator was added? Answers 1. HCl and CH3COOH (acetic acid) 2. The acids and NaCl are ionized and will conduct electricity. 3. Pink Review Questions 1. Are all acids electrolytes in water? 2. What color does blue litmus turn in the presence of an acid? 3. What does the reaction of an acid and a base produce? Answers 1. Yes. 2. Red. 3. Water and a salt. 21.2 Properties of Bases Practice Questions Read the material at the site below and answer the following questions: 1 https://sites.google.com/site/sodiumhydroxsite/Acidsandbasesbasics/chemical- properties-of-bases 1. What does the reaction between an acid and a base produce? 2. What is this reaction called? 3. What does the reaction of a base with an ammonium salt form? Answers 1. A salt and water. 2. Neutralization. 3. A metal salt, ammonia, and water. Review Questions 1. Are bases electrolytes? 2. What color does a base turn phenolphthalein? 3. Do bases react with metals the same way that acids do? Answers 1. Yes, some are strong electrolytes and some are weak. 2. Red. 3. No. 21.3 Arrhenius Acids Practice Questions Read the material at the link below and answer the following questions: http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869R/CHEM869RLinks/www.nidlink.com/7Ejfromm/arr henius.htm 1. -
Summary Sheets 7F Hazards ● a Hazard Is Something That Can Cause Harm
Summary Sheets 7F Hazards ● A hazard is something that can cause harm. ● Chemicals are labelled with hazard symbols to warn people of potential dangers. ● Some common hazard symbols are: Risk WS ● A risk is the chance that a hazard will actually cause harm. ● Risks can be reduced by taking precautions. E.g. wearing eye protection to prevent chemicals splashing in your eyes or tying long hair back to prevent it catching fire in a Bunsen flame. Acids ● Common substances at home that contain acids include: citric acid, vinegar, fizzy drinks and car battery acid. ● Acids have a sour taste. ● Most concentrated acids are corrosive. If they are added to water they become more dilute. Dilute acids are less hazardous. Many dilute acids are irritant. Alkalis ● Common substances at home that contain alkalis include: toothpaste, drain cleaner, oven cleaner. ● Many alkalis are metal hydroxide solutions. ● An alkali can be described as a soluble base. A base is any substance, soluble or insoluble, that neutralises an acid forming a salt and water. Indicators ● Indicators change colour and can be used to detect acids, alkalis and neutral solutions. ● Litmus is a common indicator. Solution Colour of litmus acid red neutral purple alkali blue Page 1 of 3 © Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 14 Summary Sheets 7F pH scale ● A numbered scale from 1 to 14. ● Acids have a pH less than 7. The lower the pH, the more acidic the substance is. The lower the pH, the more hazardous the acid is. -
Universal Indicator Solution
Safety Data Sheet Bogen Universal Indicator Solution Section 1 Product Description Product Name: Bogen Universal Indicator Solution Recommended Use: Science education applications Synonyms: Universal pH Indicator Distributor: Carolina Biological Supply Company 2700 York Road, Burlington, NC 27215 1-800-227-1150 Chemical Information: 800-227-1150 (8am-5pm (ET) M-F) Chemtrec: 800-424-9300 (Transportation Spill Response 24 hours) Section 2 Hazard Identification Classification of the chemical in accordance with paragraph (d) of §1910.1200; DANGER Flammable liquid and vapor. May cause cancer. Causes damage to organs. Toxic to aquatic life. GHS Classification: Carcinogenicity Category 1A, Specific Target Organ Systemic Toxicity (STOT) - Single Exposure Category 1, Hazardous to the aquatic environment - Acute Category 2, Flammable Liquid Category 3 Other Safety Precautions: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Section 3 Composition / Information on Ingredients Chemical Name CAS # % Water 7732-18-5 52.36 Ethyl alcohol 64-17-5 42.95 Isopropyl Alcohol 67-63-0 2.4 Methanol 67-56-1 2.15 Phenolphthalein 77-09-8 0.06 Bromothymol Blue, Sodium Salt 34722-90-2 0.06 Methyl Red 493-52-7 0.02 Section 4 First Aid Measures Emergency and First Aid Procedures Inhalation: In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest. Eyes: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Skin Contact: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. Ingestion: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. -
Determination of the Amount of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydroxide in a Mixture by Titration
Module 9 : Experiments in Chemistry Lecture 38 : Titrations : Acid-Base, Redox and Complexometric Objectives In this lecture you will learn the techniques to do following Determination of the amount of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide in a mixture by titration. Carrying out acid-base titration using a pH meter. Carrying out acid-base titration by conductometric measurement. Determination of the composition of a mixture of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid by conductometric titration. Determination of ferrous ion using potassium dichromate by internal indicator. Determination of hardness (Ca2+) of water using EDTA – complexometry method. In this lecture, you will be introduced to a few experiments in chemistry. These experiments complement the theory you have learned in chemical equilibrium and kinetics. 38.1 Acid-Base Titrations: Acid-base reactions are of great practical importance in analysis, not only because of their use in titrating a large number of inorganic and organic substances, but also because the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution often is of great importance in controlling reactions. Titration : The process of determining the volume of a given solution of a reagent equivalent to the amount of another reactant present in a standard solution is known as titration. Equivalent Weight of Acids and Bases : The equivalent weight of an acid is that weight which yields one mole of hydrogen ions in the reaction employed whereas the equivalent weight of a base is that weight which reacts with one mole of hydrogen ions in the reaction. Normal solution : A solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution. Equivalence Point : When the number of equivalents of acid (respectively base) added is equal to the number of equivalents of base (respectively acid) taken initially, we have reached the equivalence point. -
Acids and Bases the Voyage of the Proton
UNIT 10 Acids and Bases The Voyage of the Proton Unit Overview This unit introduces the key concepts of acids and bases. The acidity of a solution is a measure- ment of the concentration of hydrogen ions it contains, and the acidity has a great impact on the properties of the solution. Pure water contains a certain concentration of hydrogen ions. Dissolving acids in water raises the concentration of hydrogen ions, while dissolving bases in water lowers the concentration. Acidity is measured in pH units, and the acidity of a solution depends both on the concentration of acid dissolved and the strength (degree of dissociation) of the acid. Chemists use indicators to measure pH as well as titration to determine the concentration and strength of an acid. Learning Objectives and Applicable Standards Participants should be able to: 1. Explain the dissociation of water molecules into hydronium and hydroxide ions and explain the equilibrium constant (K ) for that reaction. w 2. Define acids and bases using the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry (conjugate acid/base pairs) definitions of acids and bases. 3. Explain acid dissociation constants (K ). Define the pK of an acid and understand its a a relationship to the acid’s strength. 4. Write the chemical equation for neutralization reactions. 5. Calculate the pH of a solution. 6. Explain the titration curves of monoprotic acids. 7. Define acid/base indicators and explain their uses. 8. Definebuffer and explain how one works. Key Concepts and People 1. Acids and Bases: An Arrhenius acid is defined as a molecule that when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of H+ ions. -
Intermediate Answer Key Chapter 21: Acids & Bases
CK-12 Chemistry Concepts - Intermediate Answer Key Chapter 21: Acids & Bases 21.1 Properties of Acids Practice Questions Watch the video at the link below and answer the following questions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uahCEZf831c 1. Which of the four solutions are acids? 2. Stop the video at 0:30 minutes and predict conductivities. 3. What color did the acids turn when universal indicator was added? Answers 1. HCl and CH3COOH (acetic acid). 2. The acids and NaCl are ionized and will conduct electricity. 3. Red. Review Questions 1. Are all acids electrolytes in water? 2. What color does blue litmus turn in the presence of an acid? 3. What does the reaction of an acid and a base produce? Answers 1. Yes. 2. Red. 3. Water and a salt. 21.2 Properties of Bases Practice Questions 1 Read the material at the site below and answer the following questions: https://sites.google.com/site/sodiumhydroxsite/Acidsandbasesbasics/chemical- properties-of-bases 1. What does the reaction between an acid and a base produce? 2. What is this reaction called? 3. What does the reaction of a base with an ammonium salt form? Answers 1. A salt and water. 2. Neutralization. 3. A metal salt, ammonia, and water. Review Questions 1. Are bases electrolytes? 2. What color does a base turn phenolphthalein? 3. Do bases react with metals the same way that acids do? Answers 1. Yes, some are strong electrolytes and some are weak. 2. Red. 3. No. 21.3 Arrhenius Acids Practice Read the material at the link below and answer the following questions: http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869R/CHEM869RLinks/www.nidlink.com/7Ejfromm/arr henius.htm 1. -
Rainbow in a Tube Use a Ph Indicator to Create a Chemical Rainbow Lesson Plan
Rainbow in a Tube Use a pH indicator to create a chemical rainbow Lesson Plan Description: Visitors create “rainbows” in clear acrylic tubing, using universal indicator, a dilute solution of acid, and a dilute solution of base. Audience: Hands-on activity for families and children ages 8 and up Length: 20 minutes Learning Objectives Visitors learn: • Chemicals (including common household products) can be acids, bases, or neutral. • Acids and bases have characteristic properties. • When acids and bases react they can cancel each other out, in a process called neutralization. • Scientists measure acids and bases using the pH scale. • pH indicator is used to measure the pH of a chemical. Visitors develop skills related to chemistry and science, including: • Developing and testing predictions • Observing, communicating and discussing experimental results Learning Standards National Science Education Standards 1. Science as Inquiry K-4: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry K-4: Understanding about scientific inquiry 5-8: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry 5-8: Understanding about scientific inquiry 9-12: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry 9-12: Understanding about scientific inquiry 2. Physical Science K-4: Properties of objects and materials 5-8: Properties and changes of properties in matter 9-12: Chemical reactions Sciencenter, Ithaca, NY Page 1 www.sciencenter.org Rainbow in a Tube Lesson Plan Background Information When most people hear the word “acid,” they think of something very dangerous that can dissolve metal and burn skin. In fact, many acids are not dangerous at all. Some are even found in the foods we eat! Any food that tastes sour is acidic. -
CHEMISTRY's RAINBOW: the POWER of Ph
TEACHER GUIDE CHEMISTRY'S RAINBOW: THE POWER OF pH MATERIALS PER GROUP: • Water • Citric acid (C6H8O7) • Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) • Universal indicator • Universal indicator color chart BASE • Nine small (3 oz.) clear plastic cups • Two mini-scoops • Two plastic pipettes • Plastic beaker (90 mL) • One quart-sized Ziploc® bag • Alka-Seltzer® tablet NEUTRAL TOTAL DURATION: 20-30 min. pre-lab prep time; 40-50 min. class time ACID LESSON OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to: 1. Use the pH scale to classify solu- tions as acids or bases. 2. Neutralize an acid and a base. LESSON OVERVIEW: 3. Determine the relative concen- In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aque- trations of hydrogen ions in a ous solution. The concentration (or amount) of hydrogen ions (H+) solution. present in a solution determines whether the solution is acidic or basic; acidic solutions have more H+ and basic (or alkaline) solu- tions have fewer H+. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What is the relationship of acids and bases in nature? An education and outreach program of: TOPICAL ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Can the pH of a solution be altered? Noble Research Institute, LLC • 2510 Sam Noble Parkway • Ardmore, OK 73401 • www.noble.org • 580-223-5810 TEACHER GUIDE CHEMISTRY'S RAINBOW: THE POWER OF pH STANDARDS: Middle School Science and Engineering Practices: MS-PS1-2 1. Asking questions Students who demonstrate 2. Developing and using models understanding can: Analyze and interpret data on 3. Planning and carrying out investigations the properties of substances 4. Analyzing and interpreting data before and after the substances 5.