DOCSLIB.ORG

Aspects of the Hydrogeology of Southern Campeche and Quintana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aspects of the Hydrogeology of Southern Campeche and Quintana Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 73 (1) / A011020 / 2021 / 1 Aspects of the Hydrogeology of southern Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico Aspectos de la hidrogeología del sur de Campeche y Quintana Roo, México Eugene C. Perry1, Rosa M. Leal-Bautista3,*, Guadalupe Velázquez-Olimán2, Joan A. Sánchez-Sánchez4, Nikklas Wagner5 ABSTRACT 1 Northern Illinois University, Geology ABSTRACT RESUMEN and Environmental Geosciences, Emeri- tus, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States. This paper explores strong indirect evidence for Este documento, explora la existencia indirecta de existence of a previously unrecognized deep 2 Centro de Innovación e Investigación un acuífero profundo no reconocido previamente para el Desarrollo Sustentable, Javier Rojo groundwater aquifer in southern Quintana Roo, en el sur de Quintana Roo, partes adyacentes de Gómez, Mza. 9, Lote 1, Local F, Puerto adjacent parts of Campeche, and (probably) Campeche, y probablemente norte de Belice. La Morelos, 77580, Quintana Roo, Mexico. northern Belize. The region contains rocks of región contiene rocas del Cretáceo al Holoceno, Cretaceous-to-Holocene age, including: 1) an incluyendo: 1) un bloque elevado carbonatado del 3 up-thrust block of the late Cretaceous carbonate Centro de Investigación Cientí ica de Cretácico conocido en Belice como la Formación Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Ciencias del known in Belize as the Barton Creek Formation, Barton Creek, la cual es la Formación más Agua, Calle 8, No. 39, Mza. 29, SM 64, which is the oldest formation exposed in the Cancún, 77524, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Mexican Yucatán Peninsula, 2) the Cretaceous/ antigua expuesta en la parte mexicana de la Paleogene Albion Formation consisting of weakly Península de Yucatán, 2) la Formación Albión 4El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departa- consolidated Chicxulub impact air-fall deposits, Cretácico/Paleógeno consiste en depósitos pobre- mento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, 3) the Paleocene-Eocene Icaiche Formation, con- mente cementados de residuos aéreos del Impacto Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental, Uni- taining a massive 25-35 m thick gypsum member del Chicxulub, 3) Formación Icaiche Paleoceno- dad Chetumal, Av. Centenario km 5.5, that crops out over an estimated area of more Eoceno, notable por su componente masivo de 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. than 10,000 km2 in the elevated interior region yeso (25-35 m de espesor) un afloramiento apro- of the northern lowlands, and 4) younger rocks of 2 5Chemtech Services, Inc., 20648 Gaskin Dr., ximado de 10,000 km en la Región Interior relatively low permeability that flank the region on Elevada (RIE) de las tierras bajas del norte, y Lockport, IL 60446, United States. the east. Hydrogeology is dominated by ground- 4) rocas más jóvenes de permeabilidad relati- water and surface flow in and adjacent to the Rio vamente baja, en el flanco este de dicha región. * Corresponding author: (R. Leal-Bautista) Hondo Fault Zone (RHFZ) and by recharge in the [email protected] elevated interior region. Groundwater in the ele- Hidrogeológicamente dominan flujos superficiales vated region has a high sulfate concentration and y de agua subterránea adyacentes a la Zona de is approximately saturated with gypsum dissolved Falla del Rio Hondo (ZFRH) y la recarga en from the Icaiche Formation. High-sulfate ground- la RIE. Debido al yeso disuelto de la Formación How to cite this article: water and river water with a slightly lower gypsum Icaiche el agua subterránea está casi saturada Perry, E.C., Leal-Bautista, R. M., Velázquez- saturation index than in the elevated region also en sulfato. A su vez esta concentración de sul- Olimán, G., Sánchez-Sánchez, J.A., Wagner, occurs in the RHFZ, but no water of comparably fato en agua subterránea de ZFRH, es menor N., 2021, Aspects of the Hydrogeology of high sulfate content is present elsewhere in the comparada con el agua de rio; ambas indican un southern Campeche and Quintana Roo, study area. This suggests that the elevated region índice de saturación de yeso menor y diferente al Mexico: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica is a recharge zone for high-sulfate groundwater de la RIE. Sin embargo, no se detectan contenidos Mexicana, 73 (1), A011020. http://dx.doi. carried eastward beneath a 50 km gap by a tan altos de sulfato en otras partes de la zona de deep, previously unrecognized aquifer and then org/10.18268/BSGM2021v73n1a011020 estudio. Basados en la geoquímica de los iones discharged into the RHFZ. Based on chemistry of chloride, sulfate and other ions it is proposed cloruro y sulfato se propone la existencia de un here that a deep aquifer comprising the strongly acuífero profundo que comprende la superficie weathered upper surface of the Barton Creek superior fuertemente erosionada de la Formación Formation plus the overlying weakly consolidated Barton Creek, sobrecubierta por la consolidación Manuscript received: March 24, 2020 Albion Formation connects the elevated recharge débil de la Formación Albion conectando la Corrected manuscript received: September 27, 2020 area with the RHFZ discharge area. If this com- región elevada con la descarga en ZFRH. Si esta Manuscript accepted: October 1, 2020 posite permeable zone does extend westward zona permeable compuesta estará representando beneath the elevated recharge zone, it is probably un excelente acuífero extendiendose hacia el oeste Peer Reviewing under the responsibility of an excellent aquifer. debajo de la zona de recarga de la región elevada. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Keywords: Hydrogeology, Icaiche Palabras clave: Hidrogeología, sulf- This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA Formation, Sulfates, Deep aquifer, atos, Formación Icaiche, acuífero license(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) Yucatan Peninsula. profundo, Península de Yucatán. Aspects of the Hydrogeology Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2021v73n1a011020 2 / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana // 7373 (1)(1) // A011020A011020 // 20212021 1. Introduction to its area of outcrop. In this paper we extend the discussion of how the geology and geochem- In this paper we present chemical data from istry of the Icaiche Formation has affected more groundwater, especially its sulfate ion concen- populous regions by examining a specific case in INTRODUCTION tration, as tracers, and we assert that these data which we examine the chemistry of high-sulfate provide strong indirect evidence for the existence groundwater in the elevated recharge area where of a previously unrecognized deep groundwater gypsum of the formation is present, and we then flow path in the southeastern part of the Mexi- compare that groundwater to ground and surface can Yucatán Peninsula (henceforth MY) adjacent water chemistry in a lowland area more than 50 to, and probably extending into, northern Belize. km away -- where groundwater of similarly high The region is an elevated zone of recharge sulfate content is discharging into the Rio Hondo encompassing much of the southeastern part of Fault Zone (henceforth RHFZ), (Figure 1). We Campeche state and adjacent parts of southern also establish that no high-sulfate surface water or Quintana Roo. There, the Paleocene-Eocene shallow groundwater is present in the wide inter- Icaiche Formation is present at the surface over a vening zone between the area of Icaiche gypsum wide area; and, because that formation contains outcrops and the RHFZ. Finally, we conclude that massive and extensive beds of highly soluble gyp- the remarkably similar high-sulfate water chem- sum (CaSO4•2H2O), it is a major regional source istry in the Icaiche recharge area is the probable of groundwater sulfate ions. direct source of high-sulfate water in the RHFZ. Although the Icaiche Formation is widely From what is known about regional geology we exposed, relatively little is known about the forma- then suggest that the two areas are connected by tion because a thick cover of tropical vegetation a deep aquifer consisting of a weathered upper combined with a low population density in the Cretaceous carbonate surface overlain by weakly region and a correspondingly sparce road network consolidated air-fall debris of the K-Pg Chicxulub make detailed geologic observation difficult (Perry, impact event as we discuss further in Section 5.1. et al., 2019). Nevertheless, geologic research in this largely undeveloped southern part of MY is 1.1. HYDROGEOLOGIC CONTRAST BETWEEN important and warrants broad interest because, as NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF pointed out by Perry et al., (2019), the Icaiche For- THE MY PENINSULA: THE TICUL FAULT mation is present in the subsurface beneath much of MY far beyond its outcrop area. It contains The WNW-ESE trending Ticul Fault (Figure 1) both thick beds of highly soluble, massive gypsum serves as a useful but inexact boundary between as well as argillite layers of low permeability, and the northern and southern hydrogeologic regions the formation strongly influences geomorphology of MY. The northern system is discussed by numer- and groundwater geochemistry in populous parts ous researchers beginning with classic papers by of the northern Peninsula. Hence, detailed study William Back, Bruce Hanshaw, and associates: of the Icaiche Formation and its geologic asso- Back and Hanshaw, 1970; Hanshaw and Back, ciations in this southern area where its outcrops 1980; Back et al., 1979 and Back et al., 1986 as well are exposed and can be examined directly is an as later papers such as those of Bauer-Gottwein
Load more

Recommended publications
  • H1098 - WATER FRONT HOUSE on 2.44 ACRES - Orchid Garden Estate on Sol Y Mar Lane, Four Mile Lagoon , Northern Corozal
    $477,000USD H1098 - WATER FRONT HOUSE ON 2.44 ACRES - Orchid Garden Estate on Sol Y Mar Lane, Four Mile Lagoon , Northern Corozal Location: Sol Y Mar Lane - Corozal Beds: 2 | Baths: 2 | Living Area: 2000 | Land Area: 106286 | Frontage: Water-Front The Property:- SUPER WATER VIEWS – SPACIOUS - ORCHID GARDEN ESTATES, located on Sol Y Mar Lane on 4 Mile Lagoon, sits on approximately 2.44 ACRES of lagoon front land and has direct road access to the rear of the property through main Philip Goldson Highway in northern Corozal in a tranquil environment along the Lagoon. Here, the calm waters are warm and fresh, making a safe swimming environment. Four Mile Lagoon has direct boat access to the Corozal Bay and Chetumal Bay through the Rio Hondo (River). The lagoon is a natural harbor for small crafts. From the property, it is a short 10 minutes drive by road to the Santa Elena, Belize/Mexico border. This lagoon front house is a single storey house measuring 2,000 Sq. Ft., of covered living space and 900 Sq.Ft. wrap around terrace. The terrace is an ideal area facing the lagoon and orchid garden. It is the area commonly used to entertain large groups of family and friends. It has a great flow and connection to the Orchid Garden. The freshwater swimming pool is snuggly located between the house and the lagoon. The property has access to a short docking area. The ground floor of the houseAgent: comprises Lincoln ofEiley one master suite with master... contact agent RE/MAX 1st Choice E-Mail: [email protected] Main Road for more info.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Fish Community of a Western Caribbean Estuary After the Expansion of an Artificial Channel to the Sea
    water Article Changes in the Fish Community of a Western Caribbean Estuary after the Expansion of an Artificial Channel to the Sea Juan J. Schmitter-Soto * and Roberto L. Herrera-Pavón El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-983-835-0440 (ext. 4302) Received: 30 October 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 6 December 2019 Abstract: Increased connectivity between coastal lagoons and the sea is expected to entail a greater proportion of marine species in the former. Chetumal Bay, estuary of the Hondo river into the Caribbean, had a limited access to the sea until the opening of the Zaragoza Canal. We sought changes in the fish community from 1999–2001 (just after an expansion of the canal) to 2015–2018. The same fishing gear was used, in the same localities, during all seasons. Total fish abundance and mean local richness decreased, although total abundance increased in the polyhaline zone. Diversity was greater in the oligohaline zone in 1999–2001, and in the mesohaline zone in 2015–2018. Three guilds were absent in 2015–2018: Medium-sized herbivores, large piscivores, and medium-sized planktivores. Abundance of small benthivores decreased by decade; medium-sized piscivores and small planktivores became more abundant in 2015–2018 in the polyhaline zone. These changes may be due to the opening of the channel, but illegal fishing outside the bay may explain the decrease in juveniles of large piscivores, and erosion in the innermost part may be destroying important habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    1982003641 JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA o ----o_,=-..=_=_. ....... ........................................' i , III _ I1( I II I I nl II [I]]r I1'1 1982003641 -TSA03 4 # .,_,' :, RAI_ARHAP|'ING,Alx....t,llA|,,Ol,OL,ANI_A_NL, '.LI._INT,ANI)tISI,', IN Till"_,b\YAl,Oi_l,ANl_S R. 1".. W. Admire, W. F,. I_rm_n, ,lr., mid T. P_triek t:ullmrt & 1g82f10. IR 1._T.qa nA | _"' RADAR MAPPINGS, AR(',ItAEO1,O_Iy, AND AN(IIENT I,AND IlBE _,_,, •t,, ' R.E.W. Adams_ W. E. Brown, ,Ir., and T. Patrick Culbert ff _' A severe itlcongrttity has ].ong existed between tile well-known complt;xlty of : ancient blaya civilization and the relatively feeble economic base Which could be reconstructed fen: it. Recont field work has indicated mttch more intensive sub- sistence patterns than had been previously found, lloWever, limitations of at- i chaeological wot'k have combined with heavy Jungle covering to restrict samples of information on ancitant intensive cultivation patterns. Data fro_l the use of :synthetic aperture radar in aerial survey of the southt:rn Maya lowlands suggest the. presence of very large areas drained by ancient canals for the purpose of intensive cultivation. Preliminary ground checks in several very limited areas have confirmed the existence of canals. Excavations and ground surveys by several scholars have provided valuable comparative information. Taken together, the new data suggest that Late Classic period Maya civilization was firmly grounded in large-scale and intensive cultivation of swampy zones. The Archaeological Problems The large area of ancient civilizations now kl_own as Mesoamerlca contains the remains of ninny cultural traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Paths in the Market Insertion of Forest Communities in South Eastern Mexico: First Insertion (1900 to 1944)
    European Scientific Journal March 2016 edition vol.12, No.8 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Historical Paths In The Market Insertion Of Forest Communities In South Eastern Mexico: First Insertion (1900 To 1944) Rene A Forster Francisco Guemez-Ricalde Jose Luis Zapata Universidad de Quintana Roo, Mexico doi: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n8p316 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n8p316 Abstract The southern state of Quintana Roo, Mexico has been, for almost a century, stage of a colonization strategy based on community forestry. To consolidate this initiative, forest product marketing is of central importance. To understand related problems, it has proven useful to see them as embedded in value chains. The present study aims at understanding the main determinants in the changes in value chains that imply improvement or deterioration in the position of forest communities. To this purpose, a historical approach has been chosen. Based on archival studies and bibliographical research, four aspects of value chain development – land uses, governmental action, value chain actors, and external demand – have been analysed for the first half of the 20th century. Two major value chains were identified for this period. The first concerned the production of chewing-gum base, elaborated from the sap of Manilkara sapota, a tree species very common in the region. The second concerned mahogany logs. While communities were able to insert themselves in the first value chain, mahogany log production remained in the hands of private companies throughout the time analysed. The insertion of communities was made possible due to a bold governmental effort and the relative negotiating weakness of international buyers, which were exposed to strong competition in a quickly concentrating market.
    [Show full text]
  • Belize (British Honduras): Odd Man Out, a Geo-Political Dispute" (1976)
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1976 Belize (British Honduras): Odd Man Out, a Geo- Political Dispute Gustave D. Damann Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Geography at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Damann, Gustave D., "Belize (British Honduras): Odd Man Out, a Geo-Political Dispute" (1976). Masters Theses. 3424. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3424 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BELIZE (BRITISH HONDURAS): ODD MAN OUT A GEO-POLITICAL DISPUTE (TITLE) BY Gustave D. Damann - - THESIS SUBMIITTD IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF M.S. in Geography IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1976 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE May 13, 1976 DATE ADVISER May 13, 1976 DATE DEPARTMENT HEAD PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. I The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Principles, Materials and Methods Used When Reconstructing
    ‘Under the shade I flourish’: An environmental history of northern Belize over the last three thousand five hundred years Elizabeth Anne Cecilia Rushton BMus BSc MSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 ABSTRACT Environmental histories are multi-dimensional accounts of human interaction with the environment over time. They observe how and when the environment changes (material environmental histories), and the effects of human activities upon the environment (political environmental histories). Environmental histories also consider the thoughts and feelings that humans have had towards the environment (cultural/ intellectual environmental histories). Using the methodological framework of environmental history this research, located in sub-tropical northern Belize, brings together palaeoecological records (pollen and charcoal) with archival documentary sources. This has created an interdisciplinary account which considers how the vegetation of northern Belize has changed over the last 3,500 years and, in particular, how forest resources have been used during the British Colonial period (c. AD 1800 – 1950). The palaeoecological records are derived from lake sediment cores extracted from the New River Lagoon, adjacent to the archaeological site of Lamanai. For over 3,000 years Lamanai was a Maya settlement, and then, more recently, the site of two 16th century Spanish churches and a 19th century British sugar mill. The British archival records emanate from a wide variety of sources including: 19th century import and export records, 19th century missionary letters and 19th and 20th century meteorological records and newspaper articles. The integration of these two types of record has established a temporal range of 1500 BC to the present.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor As a Mechanism for Transborder Environmental Cooperation
    LATIN AMERICA ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT AND COOPERATION: THE MESOAMERICAN BIOLOGICAL CORRIDOR AS A MECHANISM FOR TRANSBORDER ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION Report of the Regional Consultation 4-5 July 2006, Mexico City, Mexico Alexander López and Alicia Jiménez Centro Mesoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible del Trópico Seco Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica A product of the Environment and Conflict Prevention Initiative of the of the UNEP’s Division of Early Warning and Assessment December 2007 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars United Nations Environment Programme LATIN AMERICA ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT AND COOPERATION: THE MESOAMERICAN BIOLOGICAL CORRIDOR AS A MECHANISM FOR TRANSBORDER ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION Report of the Regional Consultation 4-5 July 2006, Mexico City, Mexico Alexander López and Alicia Jiménez Centro Mesoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible del Trópico Seco Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica A product of the Environment and Conflict Prevention Initiative of the UNEP’s Division of Early Warning and Assessment December 2007 Disclaimers The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this paper do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Knowledge in the History of Coastal Resource Management
    ial Scien oc ce S s d J n o u a r s n t a r l Vazquez-Dzul, et al., Arts Social Sci J 2015, 6:4 A Arts and Social Sciences Journal DOI: 10.4172/2151-6200.1000124 ISSN: 2151-6200 Research Article Open Access Traditional Knowledge in the History of Coastal Resource Management in Costa Maya Vazquez-Dzul G*, Cal C and Torres R Department of Social Sciences, Universidad del Mar, Bahias de Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico *Corresponding author: Vazquez-Dzul G, Department of Social Sciences, Universidad del Mar, Bahias de Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, Tel: +529831249250; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: August 16, 2015, Accepted date: October 21, 2015, Published date: October 25, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Vazquez-Dzul G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Traditional knowledge is based on a daily social dimension. It involves the existence of social and intergenerational relations that are directly associated with the environment. In addition, we can only understand local lore by analyzing it through its historic aspect. Therefore, we must think knowledge as a space-time schema to observe it as a social process shared and transmitted. Hence, our purpose lies on exploring the concept of traditional knowledge in the management of coastal resources in one of the micro regions of the Mexican Caribbean. We analyze the life histories of women and men of three main communities of the area known as Costa Maya (Mexican Caribbean in Quintana Roo): Xcalak, Mahuahual and Punta Herrero.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Investigations at Holmul, Guatemala Report
    FAMSI © 2001: Francisco Estrada-Belli (Boston U./ now Vanderbilt University) Archaeological Investigations at Holmul, Guatemala Report of the First Field Season, May-June 2000 With contributions by: Jason Gonzales (Southern Illinois U., Carbondale), Marc Wolf (T.I.M.S.), Laura Kosakowsky (Boston U./U. Arizona) and Justin Ebersole (Boston U.) Research Year : 1999 Culture : Maya Chronology : Proto-Classic Location : Norhteastern Petén, Guatemala Site : Holmul Table of Contents Introduction Preparation for Field Work Mapping the Site Group I Group II Group III Western Transect Minor Centers Summary and Future Directions List of Figures Sources Cited Preliminary Report on the Ceramics from Holmul, Guatemala: Year 2000 Season by Laura J. Kosakowsky Submitted 11/01/2000 by : Francisco Estrada-Belli (Ph.D. 1998, Boston Univ.) Vanderbilt University Department of Anthropology [email protected] Introduction The goals of the Holmul Archaeological Project are to obtain an understanding on the nature of the Maya city of Holmul through information collected from field survey and excavations. It is believed that this archaeological site will provide key information to our understanding of the processes behind the development of political institutions among the Maya at the end of the Preclassic period, as evident from its architectural, artifactual and burial record. The site has frequently attracted Mayanists’ attention because of its well-known Late Preclassic and Classic period burial and ceramic assemblages (Brady et al. , 1995; Bullard, 1960; Hammond, 1984; Pring, 1977; 1995; Merwin and Vaillant, 1932; Reents-Budet, 1995) although the site for the most part remains archaeologically poorly known. A number of structures were excavated by Raymond Merwin in 1911 (Merwin and Vaillant, 1932) in one of Harvard University’s first scientific explorations in Petén, providing the first stratified chronology for the Maya Lowlands and an array of well furnished burials from Preclassic to Late/Terminal Classic periods (Merwin’s Holmul I-V phases).
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Report
    DRAFT REPORT BELIZE: MACRO SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DAMAGE AND LOSSES CAUSED BY TROPICAL DEPRESSION 16 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean Distr. LIMITED LC/CAR/L.211 1 September 2009 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH BELIZE MACRO SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DAMAGE AND LOSSES CAUSED BY TROPICAL DEPRESSION 16 __________________ This document has been reproduced without formal editing. i PREFACE Tropical Depression 16 (TD16) crept up on disparate populations in Belize over a period 8-16 October 2008. TD16 struck less than five months after the first named tropical storm of the 2008 Atlantic season, Arthur. The storm had been forecasted to dump up to 10 inches of rain over Belize and up to 15 inches in isolated areas. Arthur had devastating effects on Belize, particularly the southern regions where bridges collapsed and lives were lost. It was in the aftermath of such devastation that Belize faced TD16. The consequence of TD16 is what falls under the purview of this assessment. Although the humanitarian crisis posed by TD16 might not appear as grave as that posed by Hurricane Dean in 2007, or Hurricane Keith in 2000, the consequences nevertheless present the need, beyond the humanitarian response, for a rapid assessment of the damage (impact on assets) and losses (effects on economic and social flows) to determine its macroeconomic, social and environmental consequences and its implications for the country. At the request of the Government of Belize, and with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), such an assessment was undertaken by an Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)-led mission in accordance with its well-established and accepted disaster evaluation methodology (ECLAC, 2004, www.eclac.cl/mexico, and ECLAC, 2007, www.eclacpos.org )1.
    [Show full text]
  • Edith Kauffer (CIESAS-Sureste)
    The Human right to water and sanitation in two transboundary Edith Kauffer CIESAS-Sureste, contexts: Mexico-Guatemala and Collegium de Lyon, EVS-H 0 Mexico-Belize 2 THE « Southern border » of Mexico: two TRANSBOUNDARY transboundary contexts (history, politics and CONTEXTS: DEEP water issues) DIVERSITY Two neighbors, two borders, four states in Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche & Quintana Roo) Plenty of water: three international rivers, TRB, shared wetlands and lagoons, transboundary currents Transbounderities, borderities phenomena: water as division and connection But: problems of access to drinking water and sanitation because of lack of public services, remoteness and States’ omissions THE TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXTS TRB and shared waters THE TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXTS: SHARED WATERS AND REALITIES THE TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXTS: CONTRASTING REALITIES Political and economical asymmetries Water conflicts Chiapas, Mexico San Mateo Ixtatán, Guatemala THE TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXTS: CONTRASTING REALITIES Water and sanitation shortage Tourism Corozal, Belize Quintana Roo, Mexico THE TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXTS: CONTRASTING REALITIES Protected areas Forests Recognition of water transboundarities: significative achievement Lack of transboundary cooperation on water issues: treaties of agreements Local experiences and initiatives but also conflicts Transboundary water issues not on policy, nor on political agendas: historical reasons, sovereignties, excepting the Hondo river (Mexico- Belize) with some attempts to build cooperation Hondo river basin SOME DATA ABOUT
    [Show full text]
  • Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef Conservation Oo©18,WF-Konitrainlya H Ol Iefn O Aue W Eitrdtaeakonr 11-2001/5000 • Pri ® WWF Registered Trademark As the WWF - Known Owner
    24764_MesoAmer_Cover.qxd 06.10.02 5:00 PM Page 1 BY PHILIP A. KRAMER AND PATRICIA RICHARDS KRAMER EDITED BY MELANIE McFIELD Ecoregional Conservation Reef Ecoregional the Mesoamerican Caribbean Planning for Logo © 1986, Nature.Wide Fund for World internationally owner. WWF - known as the Trademark WWF Registered ® 11-2001/5000 • Pri nted on recycled paper inks.nted on recycled using soy-based Published May 2002 U.S.A. Straits of Florida CUBA Yucatan ECOREGIONAL CONSERVATION PLANNING Channel MEXICO for the BELIZE BAY ISLANDS EA GUATEMALA Mesoamerican HONDURAS EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Caribbean Reef ECOREGIONAL CONSERVATION PLANNING for the Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef (MACR) BY PHILIP A. KRAMER AND PATRICIA RICHARDS KRAMER EDITED BY MELANIE MCFIELD Philip Kramer, Ph.D. and Melanie McField, Ph.D. Sylvia Marín Patricia Richards Kramer MACR Reef Scientist/Senior MACR Ecoregional Coordinator MGG, Rosenstiel School of Program Officer for Belize P.O. Box 629-2350 Marine and Atmospheric Science P.O. Box 512 San Francisco de Dos Ríos 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Belize City, Belize, Central America San Jose, Costa Rica Miami, FL 33149 Phone 501-2-37680 Phone 506-253-1529 Tel/Fax Phone 305-361-4664 Tel/Fax Tel/Fax 501-2-37681 506-234-7976 305-361-4632 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Acknowledgements his report is the result of a collaborative effort Conservation Society (WCS), Tom Allnutt (WWF), between World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Ocean Serge Andrefouet (USF), Alex Arrivillaga (USGS), TResearch and Education Foundation (ORE), and Bessy Aspra de Lupiac (DIGEPESCA), Robert Bonde The University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine (USGS), Ted Cheeseman (TNC), Pablo G.
    [Show full text]