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THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY CHANGES TOWARDS THE FEELING OF LOVE AS PORTRAYED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN NEIL GAIMAN’S STARDUST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By TODY PRAMUDYA P.

Student Number: 044214133

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009

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THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY CHANGES TOWARDS THE FEELING OF LOVE AS PORTRAYED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN NEIL GAIMAN’S STARDUST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

TODY PRAMUDYA P.

Student Number: 044214133

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009

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“Honeste vivere alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere” Live honestly, don’t hurt the other, and give everyone what he deserves (Paul Atreides)

“Live your life to the fullest, love hard, play hard and do unto others as you would want done to you. Smile through life, unless you want someone to remember your frown.” (Nicholas Frawn)

“Speak when you’re angry and you’ll make the best speech you’ll ever regret”

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This Undergraduate Thesis is dedicated to

Jesus Christ in the Kingdom of Heaven My beloved Father and Mother My Grandmother and My dearest Sister

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

I would like to thank to Jesus Christ for giving me spirits and sharing moments. I thank Him for giving me strength and guidance to finish this thesis. I realize that His guidance really motivates me to do the best.

My deepest gratitude goes to Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M.Hum . I would not finish this undergraduate thesis without her suggestions, guidance, helps, tolerances and corrections of my grammar very carefully. Thanks for your useful comments especially on my careless mistakes that I have done during my thesis writing. I also would like to give my deep thank to my co-advisor Maria Ananta Tri S., S.S., M.Ed. for reading my thesis, give me great suggestions, and comments. I thank also to

Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum. for the suggestions of my undergraduate thesis.

I express my gratitude too to my father Antonius Hartoyo and my mother Ejie

Priasih for giving me support and useful advices. I will never finish my thesis without their support and pray every night. Next, I address my deep thanks to my grandmother

Karsilah Wiryorejo and my sister Theodora . They have made my life so wonderful.

I also would like to thank for all of my friends in English Letters ‘04, the lecturers, and the secretariat staffs who have helped me in understanding and learning

English in my whole semesters in English Letters Sanata Dharma University.

Last, I thank to everyone who has not been mentioned here for everything they have given to me. All of them have motivated me to everything as well as I could.

Tody Pramudya P.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... i APPROVAL PAGE ...... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ...... iii MOTTO PAGE ...... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN KARYA ILMIAH ...... v DEDICATION PAGE ...... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... viii ABSTRACT ...... ix ABSTRAK ...... x

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 3 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 4 D. Definition of Terms...... 4

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ...... 5 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 5 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 7 1. Theory on Character and Characterization ...... 7 2. Theory on Love ...... 11 3. Theory on Personality ...... 14 4. Theory on the Relation between Psychology and Literature ...... 16 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 17

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...... 19 A. Object of the Study ...... 19 B. Approach of The Study ...... 20 C. Method of the Study...... 21

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...... 24 A. The Characterization of Tristan Thorn ...... 24 a. A Polite Young Man ...... 25 b. A Kind-Hearted Young Man ...... 26 c. A Romantic Man ...... 29 d. An Attractive Man ...... 30 e. A Responsible Man ...... 32

viii

f. An Ambitious Man ...... 34 B. Tristan’s Personality changes the Feeling of love ...... 36

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 46

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 51

APPENDIX ...... 54 Summary of Neil Gaiman’s Stardust ...... 54

ABSTRACT

TODY PRAMUDYA P. Personality Changes The Feeling of Love as Portrayed by the Main Character in Neil Gaiman’s Stardust. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2009.

This thesis analyzes Neil Gaiman’s novel entitled Stardust . The writer discusses the influence of dream toward love that undergone by Tristan Thorn, the main character in the story. The problem that related to his dream will be the major part to be analyzed Stardust is a story talking about the young man namely Tristan Thorn. Tristan is a shy person who lives in the village of Wall. At the age of seventeen years old he begins to understand about love. He wants to get love from Victoria, but he is shy to tell love to her. The writer used library research in this analysis. The sources were books and websites, the theories, an approach, and criticism that are used to analyze the problems. The writer also collected the related studies about the opinions, criticisms, and also information about the novel. The psychological approach was used in the analysis because this study discusses about the effect of dream that influence Tristan’s love. This story presents Tristan’s personality changes toward the feeling of love. In the beginning, Tristan has many characteristics, but in the end Tristan is a brave person. His personality changes when he is influenced by the dream in the forest. His feeling about love is also changed. As the result of the study, the writer concludes that Tristan Thorn’s personalities change into a brave person. He knows that to get a love is difficult, that is why he must struggle to get the Yvaine’s love by using his bravery. Although he has no power to attack the enemies, he must do that for love toward Yvaine. When Tristan knows that Victoria betrays him, he has found his true love, Yvaine. Finally, they live happily ever after.

ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini menganalisis novel karya Neil Gaiman yang berjudul Stardust . Penulis membahas pengaruh mimpi terhadap cinta yang dilalami oleh Tristan Thorn, tokoh utama dalam cerita tersebut. Masalah yang berkaitan dengan mimpinya Tristan akan menjadi bagian terpenting untuk dianalisis. Stardust merupakan sebuah cerita tentang pemuda bernama Tristan Thorn. Tristan adalah sosok pemuda pemalu yang tinggal di desa Wall. Pada umur tujuh belas tahun, dia mulai mengerti tentang cinta. Dia ingin mendapatkan cinta dari Victoria, tetapi dia malu untuk mengatakannya. Penulis menggunakan penelitian perpustakaan dalam analisis ini. Sumber- sumbernya berasal dari buku-buku, situs-situs internet, teori-teori, sebuah pendekatan, dan kritik sastra yang digunakan untuk menganalisis masalah-masalah. Penulis juga mengumpulkan pendekatan studi tentang opini-opini, kritik-kritik, serta informasi tentang karya sastra ini. Sebuah pendekatan psikologi digunakan dalam analisis ini karena studi ini membahas masalah efek yang ditimbulkan dari pengaruh mimpi yang mempengaruhi cintanya Tristan. Cerita ini menunjukkan perubahan kepribadian Tristan Thorn terhadap perasaan cinta. Pada awalnya, Tristan mempunyaibanyak karakter, akan tetapi pada akhirnya Tristan adalah sosok pemuda yang berani. Kepribadiannya berubah ketika dia dipengaruhi oleh mimpi di dalam hutan. Pengertiannya tentang cinta juga berubah Sebagai hasil studi, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa kepribadian-kepribadian Tristan berubah menjadi pemuda pemberani. Mimpi telah mempengaruhi dia menjadi sosok pemuda yang berani. Dia tahu bahwa untuk mendapatkan sebuah cinta itu sulit, sehingga dia harus berjuang dengan menggunakan keberaniannya untuk mendapatkan cintanya terhadap Yvaine. Meskipun dia tidak mempunyai kekuatan untuk meghadapi musuh-musuhnya, dia tetap harus melakukannya demi cintanya terhadap Yvaine. Ketika Tristan mengetahui bahwa Victoria mengkhianatinya, dia telah menemukan cinta sejatinya yaitu Yvaine. Pada akhirnya, mereka hidup bahagia selamanya.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Study

Literature is written to be understood and enjoyed. It will make life less tedious

and one will feel that the hours pass more quickly. By reading it carefully, one can

broaden, deepen, and sharpen his awareness of life and its problem (Perrine, 1974: 3).

Talking about human personality, there is nobody in the world who shares the

same personality. Each person has his or her own personality, and it will be different

from one another. This situation also happens in literary works. An author will not

create characters that have the same personality, but he will make the characters have

their own uniqueness. It is because the diversity of characters can enrich and build the

tension of the story.

In literary works, character, as one of the intrinsic elements takes an important

role. Characters can build the readers emotion so that they will be interested to read

the whole story. Characters will be described differently. They will also have different

personality, different problems or conflicts that must be solved.

Related to characters’ personality, the diversity of characters’ personality in the

novel may be shaped by several psychological aspects such as experiences, family,

and environment. Further, those psychological aspects can also influence the

personality changes of characters in the novel. It is because those aspects might bring any kind of effect towards the characters’ personality.

Based on the statement above, the writer will try to analyze Neil Gaiman’s

Stardust . It is because in Stardust there is a main character that has a good personality.

In this study, the writer will also analyze the influence of love and dream toward the main characters’ personality changes in Stardust. Tristan, the main character, is a young man from village of Wall. He realizes about his everyday lives with his father and he tries to survive from poor society. At first, he met Victoria, a woman from

Faerie. He fell in love with her. In the night, suddenly a star fell down and he promised to her that he would bring the star to show that he loves Victoria. The way he reacted to this problem shows his personality directly, and his personality created a quite complicated problem in the story.

The main character personality development toward love has a unique characteristic. The main character spent his childhood until he grows to be a young man in a village. Tristan’s personalities developed through the process of maturity. As a young man he must be very attractive, responsible, ambitious, kind-hearted, and polite to make the societies have a good opinion. Those personalities are later influenced by dream, so his personalities change in order to get love.

In this study, the writer is going to analyze Tristan’s personality changes toward the feeling of love. Personality is defined by the particular concepts contained within a given theory that are considered adequate for the complete description or understanding of human behavior. 3

In a glance, this novel tells about fantasy and adventure in which the main characters’ personality is described in the story. By having personality theory hopefully, the theory will help the writer to understand about the main character’s personality and influence based on the problems that the writer is going to discuss later.

B. Problem Formulation

Throughout this study, the writer is concerned with two problems, which can be formulated as follows.

1. What are the characteristics of Tristan Thorn as the main character?

2. How do Tristan’s personalities change his feeling of love?

C. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are established according to the problem formulation. Since the problem formulation contains two questions, the objectives of the study are divided into two parts also. Firstly, is the description of main character’s personality. Here, the writer tries to know the personality changes of the main character by viewing his personality. Secondly, is about the changing personality toward feeling of love of the main character.

The writer will try to analyze the personality changes of the main character toward the feeling of love in Stardust and its influences to the psychological aspect of the main character. 4

D. Definition of Terms

In order to clarify about the content of the analysis, there are some terms needed to be clarified, they are:

1. Character is usually witty, sketch in prose of a distinctive type person.

Character is a person, in dramatic or narrative work, endowed with moral and

disposition qualities the expressed in what they say – the dialogue - and what

he/she does – the action (Abrams, 1981: 20). In literary work, each of the

character has its own ability and characteristic. They may represent their

habit and personality. They can be angry, wise, good, happy, and sad

depending on their mood.

2. Love is defined as a multifaceted experience with psychological and

behavioral components (Manstead and Hewstone, 1996: 366).

Love is a feeling when we are comfortable with someone we trust and know

well. We can share that person our best and worst.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies

There are some reviews stating that Stardust represents the idea of love

between a young man and a woman. The first review is from Anne McCaffrey. She

said that she was pleasantly surprised to find the actual film is easily the best fantasy

movie she had seen since The Return of the King , something the film achieves through

competent cinematography, beautiful settings, good casting, a complicated but

carefully balanced plot, and an utter refusal to take itself seriously

(http://www.bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/stardust.htm ). The tendency of

love between a man and a woman are depicted through this novel. The main character

shows his love to the woman, so that he does not want to leave her alone.

The tale is a wondrously curious one set in the town of Wall divided by a wall

that separates its people from the magical world on the other side. Sometimes

something magical from the other side crosses the barrier, but most people just keep to

themselves. Then one day a boy breaks through the wall in search of a falling star for

true love and finds more than he possibly could have imagined. What lies ahead

features something familiar and something not, but Gaiman tells it in such a fresh way,

there are surprises at every turn and courage and compassion unseen in similar tales.

(http://www.neilgaiman.org/stardust.htm ). The author put this fairy tales to be true, but

he also tries to make this novel full of features in which inside it there are many magical things that makes this novel is familiar to children.

A review from Neil Gaiman’s Journal said that the novel Stardust :

“Thrilling…reads like a mix between L. Frank Baum, the Brothers Grimm, and a Tim

Burton movie script.” The novel has the potential to join the type of classic status of

The Princess Bride and Gaiman thinks that the reader will get how much as he enjoyed the novel (http://www.neilgaiman.journal.org ).

Next is a review from Aaron. He is commenting about Gaiman’s work. He said that it is simply a good old-fashioned fairy tale, but not told in too old fashioned a manner. Gaiman uses just the right blend of old-style storytelling (including some of the graphic scenes one could expect from a pre-Disney fairy tale) and a modern cynicism, as in this passage where our protagonist encounters an irritable witch:

“Thief!” shouted a crack old voice. “I shall turn your bones to ice and roast you in a front of a fire! I shall pluck your eyes out and tie one to a herring and to other to a seagull, so the twin sights of sea and sky shall take you into madness! “I shall make your tongue into a writhing worm and your fingers shall become razors, and fire ants shall itch your skin, so each time you scratch yourself—.” “There is no need to belabor your point,” said Tristan to the old women. (http://www.members.aol.com/tishede/gaiman2.htm ).

Stephen King points out that Gaimans’, the narrator put a treasure house of

story and we are lucky to have him ( http://www.neilgaiman.journal.org ). The writer takes some notes that the story more or less has an inspiration that the conflicts usually happen in family cannot be separated from them. A family must face something happened in surroundings. It is similar to Gaiman’s story. Gaiman’s illustration on 7

magical things is something that he has experienced. He said that this fairy tales are true because they tell the readers that dragons can be eaten. They tell the readers big true things that are not necessarily small and specific.

The writer considers that the reviews are very helpful. In this thesis, the writer is going to analyze deeper Gaiman’s criticism toward the personality development of the character in the story and its influences to the feeling of love, which have not been analyzed yet. The writer wants to find out the personality development toward the main character’s feeling of love in Stardust so that the readers will understand the problems and how the problems can be solved.

This study will be different from other studies because the writer will not only analyze the characteristic of the main character through his personality, but also the influence or effect on the development of the main character toward the feeling of love.

B. Review on Related Theories

1. Theory on Character and Characterization

Abrams in his book A Glossary of Literary Term states

Characters are the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and disposition qualities that are expressed in what they say, dialogue and by what they do the action. The grounds in the characters’ temperament, desires, and moral nature for their speech and action are called their motivation (1981: 20- 21).

Little in his book Approach to Literature , states that there are three steps to study a character (1963: 93). First is from a person’s basic characteristics. These can 8

be seen from the physical condition of the character including a person’s age, the social relationship that means the personal relationship with other characters and the mental qualities, which is the typical way of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Second is from a person’s appearance from various points of view. These include how the character sees himself, how various other characters see him, and how a person develops or fails to develop during the course of the story (1963: 93).

Third is from a person’s place in the works. It means the treatment of the

author (sketched or fully rounded, a portrayed descriptively or dramatically, treated

sympathetically or unsympathetically), a person’s place in the story (a leading

character or minor one), and a person’s relationship to theme (1963: 93).

Murphy in his book Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English

Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students (1972: 161-173) states some of the

important devices of characterization

a. Personal description

The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothing. He can describe

clearly, what the characters are like and tell the reader the details of the character’s

appearance: the face, skin, eyes, and clothing. b. Characters as seen by others

The author describes the character’s appearance or personality by letting other

characters in the story tell what they see about this character.

c. Speech

The author can give the readers an insight into the character of one of the person

in the story through what the person says. Whenever the person speaks, whenever

he puts forward an opinion, he is giving the readers some clues to his characters. d. Past Life

The author helps the readers to understand a character’s personality by learning

about the past experiences or important moments that influenced the character’s

personality. e. Conversation of Others

The author can also give the readers clues about a person’s character through the

conversation, either by other people or by the things, they say about him. f. Reactions

The author gives the clues by letting the readers know how the characters in the

story react to various situations. Using this kind of characterization, the readers

may expect to find the quality of the characters in dealing with those various

situations. g. Direct Comment

Usually the author gives his comment and opinion explicitly towards his

characters in the story. h. Thoughts

The author can describe a person’s mannerisms or habits both positive and

negative one, which may also tell the readers something about his character. 10

i. Mannerism

The readers can understand the character’s personality based on his behavior and

his habit either the good or the bad ones. From the description of his behavior and

his habit, the readers can conclude the character’s personality

Richard M. Eastman in A Guide to the Novel states that, “a novelist is

expected to show people as they are” (1965: 17). He claims that the humanity and

artistic function of the characters show their characteristics (Eastman, 1965: 17).

Eastman also divides the theory on characterization into three elements, which are the

selective development, the moral stature, and the psychology.

Selective development according to Eastman refers to the way the author

describes the characters. It is done through the term “flatness” and “roundness”. The

flatness of character intends for portraying a character when he is more a type than an

individual (Eastman, 1965: 17). The flat character is not likely to engage in inner

conflicts having the promise unlikely to change, he is static, and his responses are predictable. A round character acquires his own traits that define him as a person.

“Because he is in tension, he is also dynamic; capable of new kinds of behavior under

new strains (Eastman, 1965: 18). The roundness of the characters aims to gain readers

sympathy because they illustrate the uncertainty the suffering, and the need they face.

Moral stature is the element within the characters that involve the readers’

attentions. The goodness and badness are measured by the readers through popular

morality as a reference (Eastman, 1965: 20). It depends on the tendency towards such 11

virtues and vices and the powers or the properties that the characters can bring to bear in doing good or evil.

2. Theory on Love

Love is one of the most desired conditions in the world and most people perceive it as a very common experience. It is a common theme in our song, movies, and everyday lives. People seek it all of their lives but seldom get enough of it.

Without love, the infant dies and the adult becomes emotionally misshapen. It is a powerful thing. It creates feelings of the most intense delight.

According to Hauck in his book How to Love and Beloved, he pointed out that love is that powerful feeling one has for persons, animals or things that has satisfied, is satisfying or will satisfy our deepest desires and needs. The definition clearly indicates that it is not people that we love, it is rather what the people or animals or things do for us that we love. If the persons you love do not satisfy you in ways that are extremely important to you, you will simply fall out love with her (1983: 16).

Hauck also said that many people would put love as their more important human need. In a particular relationship, the components of love take different courses. People may find it in a long-term relationship. Passion and intimacy are the main elements in making a successful relationship. Love’s common ground contains a person that holds toward another person with feelings, thoughts, and behavior (1983:

16). 12

According to Zick Rubin, in his book Liking and Loving , he pointed out that love has three elements. They are attachment, caring, and intimacy. Here is the theory about love.

Attachment refers the powerful desire to be in the other presence, to make physical contact, to be approved of, to be cared for. Caring is the willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of other person. Intimacy is the union and bond between these two individuals (Rubin, 1973: 261).

The writer also uses a triangular theory of love from Stenberg (1986: 132) that

suggests three major components of love. They are intimacy, passion, and decision or

commitment. Intimacy includes self-disclosure through sharing emotions and stories

with one’s partner. Passion involves erotic interest and sexual consummation.

Commitment involves making a decision to stay with your partner and to defer

this type of relationship with other potential partner. When all the elements are balanced, the most complete form of love “consummate love” exists. Stenberg said

that it is hardly ever happens. Usually people emphasize one or two elements of love

that is commitment and attachment (1986: 21-22).

Stenberg also believes that in a particular relationship the components of love

take different courses. For example, in a long-term relationship level of passion goes

down after it reaches a peak, but the level of intimacy keeps rising (1986: 135).

The two partners may not emphasize the same elements at the same time. For

example, while one may seek mainly for passion, the other may seek for intimacy.

For the relationship to be successful, the partners have to resolve their differences

(http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/quickstep/1103/book45.htm ). 13

In order to get a deeper understanding about love, the writer tries to put some theories about types of love from Hatfield. The first type is passionate love.

Passionate love (like attitudes) combines cognitive, emotional, and behavioral elements. Under the right conditions, passionate love can arise suddenly and without warning, possibly accompanied by the secretion of neurochemical that produce feeling of excitement and happiness (Hatfield, 1986: 312).

Passionate love makes those three elements join together which are relating to

the action of understanding love through human experience and sense, emotional, and

the element of attitude and manner. Passionate love also describes to us how the process of human nervous system produces feeling of enthusiasm and happiness. This

type of love sometimes leads us to have love at first sight because it works when two

individuals are gazing into each other’s eye for several minutes (Hatfield, 1986: 313).

The second type of love is companionate love.

Companionate love involves not the dazzling and dizzying emotional state of passionate love but the affection we feel for those with whom ours lives is deeply entwined (Hatfield, 1986: 205).

From this quotation, it can be seen that companionate love represents a very close

friendship in which two individuals are attracted. This type of love brings long-term

relationship more often than does passionate love, and it describes about care and

respect to each other.

1. Theory on Personality

According to Hall and Lindzey in Theories of Personality , an understanding of

human behaviors will develop from the study of the whole person. They state that an

individual personality can be assessed by the effectiveness with which he is able to

conduct positive reaction from variety of person under different circumstances. These

statements assure us that personality may be comprehended by examining an

individual’s behavior (1957: 6). Cole in Psychology of Adolescence states that personality is not fixed by heredity. Sometimes, environmental pressures support it. It

is also quickly affected by illness, decease, or unusual emotional strain (1956: 156).

Personality here indicates that it can be viewed from different angles. The reaction of

someone’s personality may reflect to the circumstances around them. It can also be

said that behavior is the main idea to judge someone’s personality. Meanwhile,

sometimes personality will lead to the affection of someone’s mentality.

According to Ruch in Psychology and Life , through a process called repression, a person can eliminate conscious awareness of both the stimuli and the responses in emotion if they caused him psychological pain. He also adds that people’s external behavior, and even their internal psychological responses, are often influenced by emotions of which they themselves are entirely unaware (1948: 163).

It is evident that certain psychological theories appear ready to deal with any behavioral event that can be shown to be of significance in the adjustment of the human organism. 15

Hurlock in Personality Development states that human life consists of two

aspects, which are individual and social aspects. For the individual aspects, it is

concerned with physical changes and human’s personality development. Human’s personality development itself is influenced by two factors. First, is human’s early

experience within the family. Second is important events happening outside the home

(1974: 19-20). Meanwhile, according to Horton and Hunt in their book Sociology , personality development can be influenced by some factors. These factors are

heredity, physical environment, and culture (1987: 114).

According to Allport in Hurlock’s Personality Development , personality

development is a stage in growth of constantly changing and involving process within

an individual (1974: 7). This process will influence one’s self concept, habits,

attitudes, emotion states, sentiments, and motives. Moreover, Allport explains that personality development will determine his or her uniqueness in speech, in reaction to people and things, in mannerism, in fantasy, and in other ways related to his and her environment (1970: 165).

Allport in his book Pattern and Growth in Personality states that from all determinants that possible to determine a person’s personality, environments seem to take the biggest contribution. Environments give contributions that are more complex to one’s personality. Therefore, Allport considers the situation and the role as the determinant factors to determine a person personality. Each factor has its own contribution in forming one’s personality (1970: 165). 16

Pervin and John in Personality Theory and Research mention some environmental determinants that can influence one’s personality. First is culture.

Someone’s experiences in a particular culture are significant environmental determinant. By having these experiences, someone will have a certain personality characteristic. It is because cultural diversity influences every aspect of our existence.

For examples, it influences the way we express what we are feeling, also our relationship with others and with ourselves (1997: 11). Cultural diversity is one of the factors that lead to the character’s personality. It will influence the feeling and emotion of the characters.

Not only influencing one’s personality, experiences are also influencing someone’s behavior. One’s present behavior can be influenced by experiences in the remote past or the recent past, and those experiences might have long lasting effects in shaping one’s personality. (Pervin and John, 1997: 109).

In this study, the writer will use these theories of personality to make sure that his environment influences Tristan’s personality that can be seen through the story.

The portrayal of his personality will be discussed later in the analysis.

5. Theory on the Relation between Psychology and Literature

Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in their book Theory of Literature defined the psychology of literature as “the psychological study of the writer as a type of individual, or the study of the psychological types and laws presented within works of literature, or finally, the effects of literature upon its readers (audience psychology)” 17

(1956: 81). Moreover, they state that psychology can enlighten the creative process of a work of literature. Characters in novels and plays are judged to be ‘psychologically’ true. It means that the character needs to be depicted as real creatures that have real personalities.

Recognizing that there is a close relation between literature and psychology,

Kalish in The Psychology of Human Behavior implies that “literature holds the mirror up to the man” (Kalish, 1973: 8). A good writer or novelist can communicate the feeling of their characters and make them seem more life-like than the real people whose behavior the psychologist attempts to describe. The writer can use the understanding provided by the psychologist to enrich stories, and psychologist can gain their understanding of human behavior by drawing from the deep sensitivity of good author (Kalish, 1973: 8).

As the relationship between literature and psychology is closely established, it can be said that the analysis of literary works may reflect certain psychological factors. The close relationship between literature and psychology can be seen from the characters in literary works because every character must have the psychological side. This study will explore one of the psychological subjects, which is personality of the character.

C. Theoretical Framework

There are two problems stated in the previous chapter in order to discuss the personality of the main character Tristan in Neil Gaiman’s Stardust . The first problem 18

formulation is about the characterization of Tristan himself. In order to answer this question, the theories of character and characterization are needed to describe exactly what Tristan’s characteristics are.

The second problem formulation to analyze is about personality toward the feeling of love. Here the theory on love and theory on personality are also needed to answer the question about the influences toward his personality changes that occurs during the process of finding a true love

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The novel Stardust by Neil Gaiman Stardust was originally conceived by

Gaiman and Vess as a "story book with pictures", created by both, and to be published

by DC Comics. Initially it was released in 1997 in what is known in the medium of

comics as a "prestige" format four-issue mini-series. This means it came out once a

month in a square-bound high-gloss "comics pamphlet" of sorts with high-grade

paper, high quality color and no advertisements. In the novel, the author presents the

story in ten chapters and consists of 194 pages.

(http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Stardust_book_Publication_history/id/5485813)

Stardust is the winner on Mythopoeic Society that was awarded to Neil

Gaiman and Mythopeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature to Charles Vess. In 2000,

it received the Alex Award from the American Library Association , which called it

one of the "top ten books written for adults that have special appeal to young adults".

(http//www.neilgaiman.biography.org/stardust/neil.gaiman.htm.)

Gaiman retains the copyright to the text and in 1999 decided, encouraged by

publisher Avon, to publish Stardust as a conventional novel in hardback without

illustrations. The book also proved popular with readers of the "romance" genre,

although it is generally considered part of the fantasy genre. Here, the writer used the

last book published by The Headline Review and releaseSd in 2007.

(http//www.publication.history/gaiman.stardust).

Neil Gaiman, one of the finest fantasy storytellers of modern times, wrote

Stardust to honor the simpler fairy tales and fantasies of times past, where a town was referred to a magical place and a person could wonder without restraint if he or she so choosed. What Gaiman accomplishes with this storytelling endeavor is as imaginative as Tinkerbell’s pixie dust in transporting the reader through a tale of love, danger and adventure (http//www.neilgaiman.review.movie.htm).

This story is set on the village of Wall where the inhabitants are mostly

consisted of the native itself and the descendant. Generally, the story is talking about

young man named Tristan who grew from the village of Wall. He lived with his only

father, because his mother in the Land of Faerie who became the evil witch, Lamia,

was leaving him. At that time, Tristan was 18 years and he was ready to have a

girlfriend. Victoria was the first girlfriend he met. In his adventure, he found that

someone who has seven children who are all male threw a necklace. He was dreaming

to break the question about the necklace, which later became a beautiful woman

named Yvaine.

B. Approach of the Study

In this study, the writer applies psychological approach in analyzing the personality changes of the main character which influences his feeling of love in the novel Stardust . According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971: 5-6) in Reading and 21

Writing about Literature, psychological approach is “the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns, but from a different body of knowledge that is psychology. This approach uses the psychological theories to explain human motivation, personality, and behavior patterns written in literary objects.”

Wilfred L. Guerin in his book, A Handbook of Critical Approaches to

Literature , explains that the psychological approach is perhaps the most controversial,

the most abused and the least appreciated. However, this approach lets the readers

analyze psychologically the characters or situations in the literary works (Guerin,

1979: 70).

The reason why the writer chooses psychological approach in analyzing this study is that the writer studies the psychological aspect of the personality of Tristan

Thorn toward the feeling of love. Through psychological approach, the writer tries to answer the questions in problem formulation.

C. Method of the Study

In this study, the writer employed a library research as the method of gathering the information and sources. The primary source used in this study is the novel

Stardust by Neil Gaiman. The secondary sources that the writer used were Abram’s book entitled A Glossary of Literary Terms , Murphy’s Understanding Unseens: An

Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students, Guerin’s A

Handbook of Critical Approach to Literature. The writer also used Ruch’s Psychology 22

and Life , Wellek and Warren’s Theory of Literature. Besides, the writer was also browsing some information in relation with the novel Stardust in the internet.

The writer did some steps in analyzing the novel for the research. The first step was reading and rereading the novel itself to have deep understanding about the story.

After that, the writer focused on the main characters’ personality Tristan Thorn who experiences many things and the effects that influence Tristan’s personality changes, and formulated problems into several questions. The second step was finding some theories of literature and other books related to the topic of this thesis. The writer also found data by browsing through the internet.

The next step was trying to answer the questions in the problem formulation.

In answering the first problem formulation, the writer used the theory of character by

Murphy in Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and English

Novel for Overseas Students. This theory was needed to determine the characterization of Tristan Thorn through nine ways that were stated in Murphy’s theory. The other theories of character were also used to determine the characterization of Tristan Thorn.

After finding the general description of Tristan Thorn, the writer tried to analyze

Tristan’s personality.

In answering the second problem, the writer used theory of personality and

theory on love. It was used to understand the influence of character’s personality

toward his feeling of love. Theory of love was also needed because love is a powerful

feeling that every person has. The writer uses from Zick Rubin’s theory on love in his book Liking and Loving . 23

The last step was drawing conclusion from the analysis of the problem formulation. It was done by relating all the data into general statements.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the characterization of Tristan Thorn, his personality and the

dominant aspects of psychological factor that influences his personality will be

analyzed. The first part to analyze is the general description of Tristan Thorn’s

characteristic as what has been portrayed in the novel. In describing Tristan thorn’s

character, Murphy’s nine ways in determining a character in his Understanding

Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students

will be used. The second part to analyze is about the personality changes of Tristan

Thorn toward the feeling of love. It will be done by using theory on personality and

theory on love.

A. The Characterization of Tristan Thorn

Tristan’s characteristics as seen in the story are important for the writer to

support the analysis. The writer tries to describe Tristan’s characteristics through the

dialogues in the story and through the other characters. In describing Tristan’s

character, the writer will use Murphy’s nine ways in determining a character in his

Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for

Overseas students. Other characters are vital in order to recognize another character.

From the point of view of the other characters, the writer can see the characteristics of

Tristan Thorn. Many dialogues in the story will support the writer to identify the characteristics of Tristan Thorn.

a. A Polite Young Man

Tristan is a polite young man in his society. As quoted by Murphy in his book

Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for

Overseas Students (1972: 161-173), Tristan’s character can be seen through his

conversation with others, his speech, and his reactions. When Tristan begins to chat

with Mr. Bromios and Mr. Bromios responds Tristan’s answer politely. Tristan’s

speech to Mr. Bromios indicates that he must polite to someone who is older than him.

He tries to be polite to people surround him. When he was in the village of Wall, he

said to Mr. Bromios, a man who guarded the Wall, politely. He wants to show his politeness to people in order to have a good opinion about him in his society.

‘Talkin’ about your guts,’ he said, I’m going to attend to mine behind that tree over there. Would you do me the signal honour of keepin’ an eye on that there pack of mine? I’d be obliged. Of course ,’ said Tristan, politely (Gaiman, 2007: 60).

Tristan understands his position whenever he was helped by his father to pass the wall.

He considers if he disturbs his father’s talking to others, he will not be permitted to pass the wall. Tristan continues to keep silent although he has a chance to talk to Mr.

Bromios about the star.

As he listened to them talking, Tristan was ready to burst with irritation and frustration, but he bit his tongue and said nothing. Finally his father said, ‘Mister Bromios, Harold, I believe you both know my son, Tristan?’ Tristan raised his bowler hat to them, nervously. 26

And then his father said something he did not understand. ‘I suppose you both know about where he came from, ‘said Dunstan Thorn (Gaiman, 207:41).

He realizes that he must be polite to the other characters. By having politeness, Tristan will be respected by others too. That is why his politeness occurs in order to honour people’s attention about him.

His head was in a whirl from the scents and the sounds of his native village, and his heart rose within him. He nodded politely to the guards on the gap as he approached, recognizing them both. ……….. ‘Good evening,’ said Tristan politely, ‘Wystan Mister Brown.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 167).

b. A Kind-Hearted Young Man

Tristan is a kind-hearted young man. His attitude toward the other characters based on the theory by Murphy in the term characters as seen by others in his book

Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for

Overseas Students (1972: 161-173) shows that he cares and respects toward Victoria.

When he talks to Victoria about his promise, he has a job to fulfill this promise. He decides to go to find the star because he cares to Victoria. Tristan does not want to make Victoria sad and hate him. He tries to keep Victoria loves him by respecting and caring her.

He does not want to make Mr. Bromios angry with him. Using the theory from Little in his book Approach to Literature , it can be said that a person’s characteristic can be seen from a physical condition, way of thinking, feeling, and acting (1963: 93). As a kind-hearted young man, Tristan is trying to place himself to 27

have a low profile attitude in front of others. He knows that the society will accept his characteristic as a kind-hearted young man from the way of his thinking that he will make people happy to have him. People’s feeling and acting toward his characteristic are also important for him because when he knows that he has a good personality, then people will respect him. When he knows that Mr. Bromios let him go, he thanks him in a low profile. He does not want to show his ambitious manner to her. After that,

Tristan meets women in the country and he still keep himself low profile. He tries not to make the women feel angry to Tristan. He shows that he is a kind-hearted young man who wants to find a fortune. His family meanwhile helps Tristan to respect and cares other people. His father, Dunstan Thorn does not want him to be an arrogant man, but he let Tristan do what he wants by respecting people’s argument.

Tristan is a kind-hearted young man to rely on. The author describes him as a kind-hearted young man from thoughts, so that his characteristic can be seen whether he acts positive or negative. He considers about the happiness of people surroundings.

Victoria, his lover attracted him because of his respect and cares to her. It means that

Tristan has a good-looking attitude toward people in the England country. Tristan tries to find his characteristics by knowing the reaction of the other characters. Another indication showing that he is respectful to people is when he met with the little hairy man in the forest. The little hairy man named Tristan as a mad man. This little hairy man says the word due to his caring and respect to Victoria that he is able to walk through the paths alone. With or without his parents’ permission, he decides to go to 28

the forest. The little hairy man honor him as a fine man because he is able to respect him by saying the words politely and does not ignore someone’s suggestion.

Tristan’s attitude that is being a kind-hearted young man is shown in the story.

He just tries to have a strong feeling that he can protect himself from being a mad man by looking at the responds from the other characters. As far as Tristan thinks about his

characteristic, he knows that Victoria will love him much more. The respects and cares perhaps will stimulate Victoria to be more mature and independent to decide the

higher stage of love, which is marriage. He tries to maintain his personality to care and

respect due to the purpose of getting what he wants.

‘For a kiss, and the pledge of your hand,’ said Tristan, grandiloquently,’ I would bring you that fallen star.’ He shivered. His coat was thin, and it was obvious he would not get his kiss, which he found puzzling. The manly heroes of the penny dreadful and shilling novels never had their problems being kissed. (Gaiman, 2007: 37).

Whenever he is unable to think, he realizes that he needs help. This help is achieved from being polite and respect people seriously. Actually, he never hopes anything from the people whom is respected, but he tries to make the society think that he has a good behavior.

In the forest, Tristan meets a woman who is trying to get his love, however he never knows about that. His politeness occurs when he is trying to say that he wants to be her friends. As the result, the woman knows that Tristan is a kind-hearted young man.

c. A Romantic Man

Tristan is a romantic young man. He tries to attract Victoria by having so many praise words. Tristan as a romantic young man can be seen through his personal

description of his face, eyes, and clothing based on the theory by Murphy in the term

characters as seen by others in his book Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to

English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students (1972: 161-173). He tries to

adore Victoria by looking at her, using dress properly and showing happiness from his

face. Because of Tristan is a shy person in the past, he tries to change his personality

to be a romantic man. He realizes that by showing his romance, he will be able to get

his love, Victoria. Although he has so many praise words, Victoria tends to keep

silent, unless he can prove it. At first, Tristan never says the words to another woman, but Victoria is the first woman he met in his life. For him, Victoria is a beautiful

young woman with good-looking appearance. She has a low profile in her life. His all- praising words never changes Victoria’s mind. She still does not want to be loved by

Tristan unless he gets what she wanted, the star.

I did it for love,’ he continued. ‘And you really are my only hope. Her-name that is, the name of my love – is Victoria. Victoria. Victoria Forester. And she is the prettiest, wisest, sweetest girl in the whole wide world.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 86).

The indication of being a romantic young man is proven by his action to find

the star and bring back to Victoria with any condition. His main purpose is to make

Victoria loves him and he has a desire to kiss her. 30

‘You are the most lovely woman in the entire world,’ said Tristan, from the bottom of his heart.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 36).

Tristan’s characteristic being a romantic man shows that his character is develop in a good way in order to achieve his goal. He shows his love to Victoria seriously. Even if he sacrifices his life to Victoria, he will do it as the responsibility of having close relationship with a woman. When he wants to get a kiss from her, he must use his own idea to make her happy, so that he can kiss her. He is trying to say with all praising words to show that he loves Victoria.

‘Marry you? She repeated, incredulously. ‘And why ever should I marry you, Tristan Thorn? What could you give me?’‘Give you?’ he said. ‘I would go to India for you, Victoria Forester, and bring you the tusks of elephants and pearls as big as your thumb and rubies the size of wren’s eggs.’ I would go to Africa, and bring you diamonds the size of cricket balls. I would find the source of the Nile, and name it after you.’ I would go to America – all the way to San Francisco, to the goldfields, and I would not come back until I had your weight in gold. Then I would carry it back here, and lay it at your feet.’ I would travel to the distant northlands did you but say the word, and slay the mighty polar bears, and bring you back their hides.’ I would go to Australia, at the bottom of the world.’ said Tristan. ‘And bring you. Um.’ He ransacked the penny dreadful in his head, trying to remember if any of their heroes had visited Australia. ‘A kangaroo,’ he said. ‘And opals,’ he added. He was fairly sure about the opals.

Victoria does not respond him seriously. She only thinks how to get the star.

By bringing the star to Victoria, Tristan is hoped to kiss her to indicate that he loves

her much.

d. An Attractive Man

Tristan is an attractive man. From the theory written by Murphy in his book

Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for 31

Overseas Students (1972: 161-173), characters can be seen from personal description.

Tristan is described as an attractive young man from his attitude toward all women in the town. Although he does not have the feeling of love, but he considers that, he is liked by all women because of his physical appearance and his responds toward all women.

There was silence on the hill. Only the rustle of the October wind. Then a thinking sound: it was the sound of many beautiful girl in the whole of England adores him with their delight and amusement (Gaiman, 2007: 36).

Although he is an attractive man, he never forgets Victoria, his lover whom he loves much. His attractive British figure makes all women adores him. His hair was brown of sodden straw.

He has an acne spot in his right face. He was painfully shy at the very beginning character. Since he is liked to all women, his heart may disturb by those all women.

Most days Tristan was content – or as content as a seventeen –year-old youth with his world ahead of him can ever be- and when he daydreamed in the fields, or at the tall desk at the back of Monday and Brown’s the village shop, he fancied himself riding the train all the way to London or to Liverpool, or taking a steamship across the grey Atlantic to America, and making his fortune there among the savages in the new lands ( Gaiman, 2007: 32).

The quotation above shows that his attractiveness lays on his seventeen years old boy who deserves to look out or observe what happened in the world of life, so that he needs a fortune.

e. A Responsible Man

Tristan is a responsible man in his life. He is responsible toward Victoria’s love. It can be proved that all the decisions that he made is considered as his responsibility to be a man. He is responsible to his lover, to his family and people around him. His responsibility can be shown through the quotation below.

‘I shall leave you here, my lady,’ said Tristan Thorn. ‘For I have urgent business, to the East.’ He stood up, unmindful of the mud and mire clinging to his knees and coat, and he bowed to her, and then he doffed his bowler hat. (Gaiman, 2007: 38). Another indication that he is responsible is that he is responsible to all of the family members. As said by Murphy in his book Understanding Unseens: An

Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students (1972: 161-

173), the term character as seen by others is used. Tristan is described by the author from his character’s appearance by letting other characters. Here, Tristan’s characteristic can be seen by his family, his lover, and people surround him that he is a responsible man. He said that he wants to go to the forest without asking the goal of his doing the journey. His father understands what he wants by looking at the son’s referring to. Tristan makes a promise to his family that he will soon come back after he gets what he wants.

‘And will you be coming back?’ asked his father. Tristan grinned widely. ‘Of course,’ he said. ‘Well, said his father. ‘That’s all right, then. ‘He scratched his nose. ‘Have you given any thought to getting through the wall?’ (Gaiman, 2007: 40).

He is also responsible for keeping Victoria as his true love. He is certainly sure that she is the only woman whom he loved. When he is talking to the little man in the forest, he makes a decision to say that Victoria is the best and beautiful woman in his life and none for other girls.

‘There are no other girls,’ said Tristan definitely ‘The little man sniffed, and they packed up their things and walked on together (Gaiman, 2007: 62-63).

When Tristan arrived at Seventh Pie, a shop that Tristan met Victoria for the first time, he considers saying apologetically toward Victoria. He said that it is his foolishness to send him to do the journey, but it is no matter for him. He has fulfilled his promise to Victoria to bring back the star that she wants.

‘So: firstly, and perhaps most importantly, I must apologize to you. It was my foolishness, my idiocy that sent you off on your journeying. I thought that you were joking…no, not joking, I thought that you were to much the coward, too much of a boy, ever to follow up on any of your fine, silly words. It was only when you had gone, and the days passed, and you did not return, that I realized that you had been in earnest, and by then it was much too late’ (Gaiman, 2007: 176).

Tristan is responsible for he has done to Victoria. He never breaks his promise to bring her the star and he has success to do the journey. He said to Victoria that he has brought the star to her, but not showing the star beyond the meadowland.

Her head tipped to one side. ‘So you did find the star we saw that night?’ ‘Oh yes,’ said Tristan. ‘The star is back on the meadow, though, right now. But I did what you asked me to do.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 176-177). ……….. ‘To be honest,’ he said, ‘I think that I am responsible for all that I have done, not you. In addition, it is hard to regret a moment of it, although I missed soft 34

beds from time to time, and I shall never be able to look at another dormouse in quite the same way ever again (Gaiman, 2007: 178).

Tristan understands that his choice to love with another young woman named Yvaine is his responsibility because his previous lover, Victoria, betrays him. In fact, Victoria has another boyfriend namely Robert Monday, a respectable man. He is a person who has the shop that Victoria usually goes there every day.

f. An Ambitious Man

Tristan is an ambitious man. His mannerism as an ambitious man is depicted in the story. The indication of mannerisms as said by Murphy in his book called

Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for

Overseas Students (1972: 161-173) can be seen from Tristan’s behavior and personality as an ambitious man. His ambition is to get the star. He wants to do anything that his lover wants. He is sure that he can achieve his dream even if it is impossible. Here, Tristan achieves his dream for the first time when he is sleeping beneath the hazel tree. At that time, he does not know anything except the voice that is saying something strange in his mind. It seems that the voice wants to be alone. When he wakes up, he cannot recognize whether or not she is the star.

He heard something, though, under the babbling of the brook: a sniffling, and swallowing. The sound of someone trying not to cry. ‘Hello?’ said Tristan. The sniffling stopped. However, Tristan was certain he could see the light beneath the hazel tree, and praying that it was not more of the little people who had stolen his hat. ‘I’m looking for the star.’ 35

In reply, a cold of wet earth flew out from under the tree, hitting Tristan on the side of the face. ‘I won’t hurt you,’ he said, loudly. ‘Go away,’ said a voice, all raw and gulping, as if it had just been crying, ‘just go away and leave me alone.’ ……. Please, don’t throw anymore mud at me,’ pleaded Tristan. ‘Look. I did not mean to disturb you. It’s just there’s a fallen star somewhere around here, and I have to get it back before the candle burns out.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 80-81).

Tristan is ambitious when he met with another young woman with her beautiful appearance. Her eyes were red and raw. Her hair was so fair it was almost white; her dress was of blue silk, which shimmered in the candlelight. He does not think before that he will meet the star with another shape. He does not realize that the star will bring happiness to him; in fact, a star in a real world cannot change into a beautiful woman as stated in the story.

He is supposed to think twice when he decides to care the young woman because he has the girlfriend whom he loves much. His ambition to get the star is achieved and Tristan thinks that his job has finished, but his ambitious is getting stronger when he experiences so many things in the forest with the young woman he meets. By understanding his character as an ambitious man, he does not realize that the young woman disturbs him in order to get Tristan’s love.

‘I just want you to know, said the girl, coldly, ‘that whoever you are, and whatever you intend with me, I shall give you no aid of any kind, nor shall I assist you, and I shall do whatever is in my power to frustrate your plans and devices.’ And then she added with feeling, ‘Idiot.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 82).

Tristan‘s characteristic as an ambitious man grows stronger when he meets the young woman in the forest. His confidence occurs as if he ignores anything, except the woman. He feels comfortable with Yvaine, the young woman whom he meets. By helping her and saying the words about being sure that he loves her, is his right choice.

‘Just put your weight on me and the rest on the crutch,’ he said. ‘You’ll have to move sometime.’ He tugged on the chain and, reluctantly, the star began to get to her feet, leaning first against Tristan, and then, as if proximity to him disgusted her, on the crutch (Gaiman, 2007: 86).

With all of his probability to take care of her, Tristan shows that he is ambitious man in his life. His job, which is to find the star for Victoria has finished.

He just keeps moving out to the forest to bring back the star to Victoria whatever the shape is. The important thing is that Tristan is happy because he can fulfill the promise and he can kiss Victoria as her promise to Tristan.

B. Tristan’s Personality changes the Feeling of Love

After knowing the personalities of Tristan Thorn as a polite, kind-hearted, romantic, attractive, responsible, and ambitious young man, his characteristics then develop into a brave young man. It is because the dream influences Tristan to be brave to save the star from the danger. The writer will continue to analyze the personality changes of Tristan Thorn toward the feeling of love. Here, the writer will use the theory on love and theory on personality to analyze it.

Tristan Thorn has many characteristics in which those characteristics are influenced by the environment. He is between a boy and a man with constellations of 37

acne-spots across his right cheek. He is polite because he wants to make the societies or environments surround Tristan have a good opinion about him. He must also be a kind-hearted young man in order to find out that he has a positive action by having care and respect toward Victoria.

According to Allport in Hurlock’s Personality Development, states that personality development will determine his or her uniqueness in speeches, reactions,

things, and in other ways related to environment (1974: 7). During the process of

human development of personality, he tries to look for the reaction from the other

characters and the effects cause by his personality toward Victoria.

When Victoria begins the conversation with Tristan he is a little nervous to talk

to her because he knows that he must not give any mistakes to chat with Victoria. He

also understands that she is the beautiful young woman in his village, so he must be

very kind and respect her.

He is a romantic man toward Victoria. He does not want to make Victoria sad because of his bad personality. Tristan tries to kiss Victoria and to bring her a fallen

star to fulfill her wish. Tristan’s feeling of love to Victoria makes him ambitious to bring the star.

‘For a kiss, and the pledge of your hand,’ said Tristan, grandiloquently,’ I would bring you that fallen star.’He shivered. His coat was thin, and it was obvious he would not get his kiss, which he found puzzling. The manly heroes of the penny dreadful and shilling novels never had their problems being kissed. (Gaiman, 2007: 37).

His personality as a responsible young man brings him to make Victoria sure of his felling of love. In order to get a kiss, he must be responsible by fulfilling his promise toward Victoria. His family has influenced Tristan’s personality to be a responsible young man. His father trusts him that Tristan will bring the star to Victoria. He is responsible toward Victoria as quoted below.

He used to be an attractive young man to get Victoria. In order to be an attractive young man, he shall not be shy toward Victoria because of lots of men adores her. His attractive figure as a young man must be shown to get love from

Victoria.

Tristan is afraid if he will not be accepted to be her lover. He realizes that he comes from poor family, so that he thinks that he will not get a chance to get

Victoria’s love. He also knows that there are many men who want to get her love.

Every boy in this village was in love with Victoria Forester. And many a sedate gentleman, quietly married with grey in his beard, would stare at her as she walked down the street, becoming, for a few moments, a boy once more, in the spring of his years with a spring in his step (Gaiman, 2007: 30).

Tristan believes that she is the right woman to choose. He never knows that he will be chosen rather than any young man in the village of Wall. Victoria knows that he is the perfect young man. She thinks that Tristan will be able to make her happy.

All of his personalities then change into brave. Pervin and John in the book of

Personality Theory and Research state that the environment will influence someone’s 39

personality (1997: 11). The way people surrounds Tristan express and feel toward others indicate that Tristan’s personality has developed. In this case, Vicky and

Yvaine. All of his personalities developed to be brave in order to protect the star from the enemies.

Here, his bravery can be shown when he is finally hear the voice from the tree that is trying to make Tristan able to protect himself from the enemies. The tree said three important things as a warning for him of the dangerous things that may happen in front of him.

‘I will tell you three true things. Two of them I will tell you now, and the last is for when you need it most. You will have to judge for yourself when that will be. ‘First, the star is in great danger. What occurs in the midst of a wood is soon known at its furthest borders, and the trees talk to the wind, and the wind passes the word along to the next wood it comes to. There are forces that mean her harm, and worse than harm. You must find her, and protect her. ‘Secondly, there is a path through the forest, off past that fir tree (and I could tell you things about that fir tree that would make a boulder blush), and in a few minutes a carriage will be coming down the path. Hurry, and you will not miss it. ‘And thirdly, hold out your hands.’ ……….

‘There, said the tree. ‘Keep it safe. And listen to it, when you need it most. ‘Now,’ she told him, ‘the witches are nearly here. Run! Run!’ (Gaiman, 2007: 112-113).

The above quotation shows that Tristan’s bravery is shown to save the star. He must obey the tree’s suggestion. When Tristan hears the voice, he responds it wisely and he understands that he must run in order to safe himself and the star. Actually, he has no power to attack the enemies, but he used his left hand and the sword to fight against them. 40

From the point of view of the author, Tristan has many characteristics as discussed in the previous problem. It is not truly stated in the story, but his personality can be analyzed from his attitude toward the society surrounds him.

Tristan’s personality changes because of the dream influences Tristan’s feeling about love. In personality, cultural diversity influences the way we express what we are feeling, also our relationship with others and with ourselves (Pervin and

John, 1997: 11). Cultural diversity is one of the factors that lead to the character’s personality. It will influence the feeling and emotion of the characters. Tristan’s politeness toward the other character indicates that he has a good personality.

The other personalities such as being a kind-hearted, responsible, attractive, ambitious, and romantic have a sense of feeling of love. It can be seen from the beginning of the story. Tristan never breaks his promise. Victoria is the only woman he loves. ‘There are no other girls,’ said Tristan definitely (p. 62).

Tristan realizes that by having his personalities, he can express his feeling of

love to Victoria, so that his relationship with her will stay longer. Tristan’s emotion to

Vicky is calm. He knows that he should be respect and make her happy.

Tristan’s first dream is to get the star, so that he can kiss Vicky and marry her.

His dream shows that it is the way to get a love. In his dream, there is a voice tells

him that he must be brave. He must be brave to face the enemies in front of him. All

of his personalities developed because the dream has stimulated Tristan to change the

feeling of love from Victoria to the star, Yvaine. 41

‘Of course he does,’ said the voice. ‘It’s not hard to own something. Or everything. You just have to know that it’s yours, and then be willing to let it go. Pan owns this forest, like that. And in my dream he came over to me. You were in my dream, too, leading a sad girl by a chain. She was very sad, sad girl. Pan told me to help you.’ (Gaiman, 2007: 110).

The dream definitely warns Tristan to beware with anything in the forest. After finding the star, he is sure that Victoria will happy to hear that Tristan has fulfilled her promise, otherwise he is not sure whether he can save the star from the enemies because he has no power to attack them. When he knows the star for the first time, he used to state that he loves her, but he realizes that he already has a girlfriend, Victoria.

He wants to make Victoria happy. This feeling of love can be categorized as passionate love.

This type of love brings Tristan to happiness when he tries to make love with

Victoria. He used to make his love comfortable by sending Victoria flowers and praise words. To make sure that Tristan’s love is serious, he will bring the star.

Passionate love combines cognitive, emotional and behavioral elements

(Hatfield, 1986: 312). It will make an excitement and happiness. It can also make somebody’s attitude change. Passionate love brings somebody into a phase of happiness and joy. Because of that, to have passionate love, someone must be happy and enthusiastic. By combining those two elements, it can be concluded that someone may be happy.

At that time, Tristan was very happy in love with Vicky. His entire personalities influence his feeling of love toward Victoria He attempts to give what

Victoria wants. He is sure that Victoria is the only woman he loves. 42

‘No. Not my fortune. It was more of a promise I made to this lady I mentioned. I…we were talking, and I was promising her things, and we saw this falling star, and I promise to bring it to her.’ ‘There are no other girls,’ said Tristan definitely (Gaiman, 2007: 62).

From the quotation above, Tristan is saying to the little hairy man. He says that he truly loves Vicky. His confidence to face anything that happened is in his mind. He tries not to look at his ambition, but he tries to look at his feeling of love and happiness.

Love means powerful feeling one has for persons, animals or things that has satisfied, is satisfying or will satisfy our deepest desires and needs (Hauck, 1983: 16).

Tristan feels enthusiastic to get love from Victoria. He believes that happiness will come in his life.

According to Hurlock, human’s personality development itself is influenced by two factors. First, is human’s early experience within the family. Second is important events happening outside the home (1974: 19-20). Tristan’s personality is influenced by the dream and also his experiences in the forest. He sees that he has to be a brave person to finish the problems. He must fight against the witches in which they are stronger than him. He must save the star from the enemies.

‘Yes,’ he said, to whoever was in the tree, ‘I was dreaming.’ ‘I had a dream last night too,’ said the voice. ‘In my dream, I looked up and I could see the whole forest, and something huge was moving through it. And it got closer, and closer, and I knew what it was.’ She stopped talking abruptly. ‘What was it?’ asked Tristan. ‘Everything,’ she said. ‘It was Pan. When I was very young, somebody – maybe it was a squirrel, they talk so much, or a magpie, or maybe a fishie – told me that Pan owned all this forest (Gaiman, 2007: 110).

In the forest, Tristan is dreaming about the star. The dream that is got by Tristan comes true because later the star transform into a beautiful woman. The star moves further. He feels that he will be able to get the star because he knows that the star is waiting for him to follow. He imagines what will happen next. Suddenly, the star transforms into a beautiful young woman. She is more beautiful than Victoria. She also has power in her necklace.

Tristan respects the star as a good woman. He does not want to get the star’s love unless he leaves Vicky. He understands that the star is in danger, so he must protect her in order to save her from enemies.

‘Tristan took the star’s hand in his right hand. ‘Stand up,’ he told her. ‘I cannot,’ she said, simply. Stand or we die now,’ he told her, getting to his feet. The star nooded, and awkwardly, resting her weight on him, she began to try to pull herself to her feet (Gaiman, 2007: 132).

Tristan cares the star and wants to save her. He tries to show his love by protecting her from the danger. When he knows that the enemies are trying to kill her,

he uses his mind to face the enemies by his own hands.

Tristan will do the best he can, although he must die. His care and respect

toward the star is also a fact that he is a responsible person. His purpose is actually

fulfilled because he has found the star. Now, he continues into an effort to save her

from the enemies releases her from the danger. His commitment on his love toward

the star refers to his purpose that he will make the star happy. 44

His feeling of love changes from passionate love into companionate love.

Companionate love involves the affection we feel for those with whom ours lives is deeply entwined (Hatfield, 1986: 205).

At first, he experiences a passionate love to Vicky because at that time he realizes that in his dream he will get the star and he can kiss her and perhaps he will marry her in order to get true love. He shows his love to Vicky that he promises to get the star in the forest, so that he can continue for love. In fact, he finally gets the star to make Victoria happy, but then the condition is different. His feeling of love changes into companionate love. When he knew that the star transformed into a beautiful woman, he is attracted to this woman. Tristan shows respect to a woman he meets in the forest, namely Yvaine. He tries to make her happy by kissing her. He shows his respect to Yvaine by standing in front of her and looking at her honestly. He knows that he must respect and care to her honestly.

Tristan looked at the star, then, he began to smile, and he said nothing at all. His hands were on her upper arms. He was standing in front of her, and looking down at her. ‘Just so you know, that’s all,’ said the star, and she leaned forward. They kissed for the first time then in the cold spring rain, though neither one of them now knew that it was raining. Tristan’s heart pounded in his chest as if it were not big enough to contain all the joy that it held. He opened his eyes as he kissed the star. Her sky-blue eyes stared back into his and in her eyes he could see no parting from her (Gaiman, 2007: 184).

Tristan respects and cares to the star because he does not want to make his love failed.

He wants to make the star full of happiness and joyfulness. Attachment from Tristan on his love toward Yvaine is stronger than Victoria. He knows that Yvaine is the best woman he chooses. When he knows that he must save her from the enemies who want 45

to kill her, his powerful feeling of love is getting stronger. Tristan’s passion, commitment and care toward Yvaine show that he really loves her.

The difference lies on the way Tristan get their love. In the beginning, all of his personalities are used to get a kiss from Victoria. This condition makes Tristan brave to get the star in the forest. Here, to get love is difficult because Tristan must do a promise from Vicky, so that he can get a kiss from her. By using his dream, perhaps he will get a kiss from her easily, but in fact it does not. He must do the job first.

In the end, Tristan’s personalities change into brave person. His bravery is shown because he wants to get love from Yvaine. Tristan gets a kiss from Yvaine without having any jobs to be done. He just at first tries to know her name, he shows his respect by standing in front of her and looking at her honestly. Tristan shows his affection to the star by kissing her and showing her his respect and care. He knows that the star is in danger, so he must be brave to help the star to release from the danger. This condition shows that his love is considered as companionate love.

He shows his affection, care and respect to Yvaine in order to get a true love.

Besides, he is betrayed by Victoria when he comes back in the village of Wall. She

tells Tristan that she has already another boyfriend before she asks him to get the star.

Then, he understands that Victoria is not the right one to be chosen as his true love. At

the end, Tristan tells to Yvaine that he has also another young woman named Yvaine

that he got from his dream.

Tristan and Yvaine live happily together in the village of Wall. He knows that

he will make her happy in the future. He never dreams that he will get Yvaine. 46

Tristan and Yvaine were happy together. Not forever after, for Time, the thief, eventually takes all things into his dusty storehouse, but they were happy, as these things go, for a long while (Gaiman, 2007: 193).

From this quotation Tristan finally understands the meaning of true love. He realizes that Yvaine is the only woman he loves. He never thinks that he will get Yvaine as his lover. Because of Tristan has been betrayed by Victoria, he knows that he must find another young woman to be his lover.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

In this chapter the writer draws the conclusion of the analysis from the

previous chapter. There are two problems which are analyzed in chapter four. In

answering the first problem formulation, the writer takes a conclusion from the

analysis that has been answered. In order to have a clear and deep analysis, the writer

analyzed the characteristics using theories that are stated in the theoretical review .

Stardust is a novel written by Neil Gaiman. It was released in 1999 and

published by the Headline Review. Stardust is the winner on Mythopoeic Society that

was awarded to Neil Gaiman and Mythopeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature to

Charles Vess. In 2000, it received the Alex Award from the American Library

Association , which called it one of the "top ten books written for adults that have

special appeal to young adults".

The novel is about a young man namely Tristan Thorn who wants to have a

deep relationship with Victoria, the beautiful woman in the village of Wall. To get her

love, Tristan is ready to be a responsible man in order to make Victoria happy. After

getting the star, Victoria betrays Tristan that she has another man she loves, but

Tristan does not feel sad because finally he has found a true love during his journey.

He has found the right woman to be loved which is the star that is transformed into a

beautiful young woman.

The first problem that has been analyzed is the characterization of Tristan

Thorn as the main character in the story. The characterization of Tristan Thorn can be

described into several parts based on the analysis that has been analyzed.

Tristan Thorn is considered as a polite young man. He wants to show his politeness to people in his society in order to have good opinions from them.

Besides, Tristan is a kind-hearted young man toward other characters. He tries

to respect and also care toward people surroundings, especially his lover. By showing

his characteristic as a kind-hearted young man, he wants to show that he really loves

Victoria. Tristan respects and cares people in order to show that he has a good behavior in the society.

Another characteristic is a romantic young man. Tristan is a romantic young

man to attract his lover, Victoria. He shows his romance by giving flowers to Victoria

and also attracts her by saying praise words. His romantic sense is proven in the story

that he wants to find the star and bring it back to her as his responsibility of love.

Next, Tristan Thorn is an attractive young man. It can be shown from the story

that he is liked by all women in the village of Wall because of his physical

appearance. His figure makes all women in Wall adores him as a gentleman.

Tristan is also a responsible man. He is responsible not only to Victoria but

also to all of the family members. His responsibility can be seen through his action to

go to the forest to get the star. When he makes such a decision that he loves Victoria,

then he must be responsible to take the consequence of love with Victoria. He must be

able to fulfill his promise to Victoria. 49

Last, Tristan is an ambitious man. Tristan wants to show that he has an ambition to get a kiss from Victoria. To get a kiss from her, he must realize that he should bring back the star to her although it is difficult. Although it is difficult, he must do the job to get the love.

The analysis of the second problem shows that all of his personalities influence the main character’s feeling of love. Tristan is a polite young man, kind- hearted, romantic, attractive, responsible, and ambitious young man. Now, his characteristics develop to be a brave young man. He knows his characteristics are shown to get love from Victoria.

Soon, his dream influences Tristan’s personality from polite, kind-hearted, romantic, attractive, responsible, and ambitious into a brave young man to get the star’s love, but he still have those characteristics and brave here is the dominant character. To be a brave young man, Tristan must be very patient, care and respect to the star. His ambition is to fulfill his promise by bringing back the star, meanwhile he is responsible to take care and respect the star.

Tristan’s dream shows that it is the way to get a love. He must be brave to face the enemies in front of him. The dream is a clue for him to beware of something that will happen. His dream stimulates Tristan surely to be brave to fight against the enemies.

A dream can also influence Tristan’s feeling about love. In the beginning,

Love means a feeling of happiness and joyfulness toward somebody that we love. It is 50

considered as passionate love. He realizes that his feeling of happiness changes his personalities to brave young man to get the star’s love.

Love is difficult to be achieved. Here, to get Victoria’s love, he promises to

Vicky in order to get a kiss from her. It means that love needs happiness and enthusiasm. He just being used as a tool by Victoria in order to make her happy, but in fact Victoria has another boyfriend. That is why this love is considered as passionate love.

However, in the end love means powerful feeling toward our deepest desires and needs. Here, Tristan will not use happiness and joyfulness anymore, but he uses the strong feeling of love from his heart. When he has finished his job to find the star, he understands that he loves the star. It can be shown from his respect and care toward the star when he was in the forest. Tristan knows that when he returns to the village of Wall he is betrayed by Victoria. His feeling of love toward the star is getting stronger because he has found the right woman to be loved.

His affection toward Yvaine is getting stronger. It can be seen from the story that by kissing Yvaine and showing his respect and care, he understands that the feeling of love lays in his life. He knows that the star is in danger, so he must be brave to help the star to release from the danger. This condition shows that his love is considered as companionate love. His powerful feeling of love can be seen in the story that Tristan is a brave young man to take care of the star. He finally realizes that he finds a true love from his dream. 51

He understands that Victoria is not the right one to be chosen as his true love.

At the end, Tristan tells to Yvaine that he also has another young woman named

Yvaine that he got from his dream. Tristan can kiss her without having a promise. He just shows his affection by respecting and caring her in the forest. Finally, Tristan and

Yvaine live happily together in the village of Wall. He knows that he will make her happy in the future.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms . New York: Rinehart Winston Inc., 1981.

Allport, Gordon W. Pattern and Growth in Personality . New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., 1970.

Cole, Luela. Psychology of Adolescence, 4 th ed. New York: Rinehart and Company, Inc., 1956.

Eastman, Richard M. A Guide to the Novel. San Fransisco: Chandler Publishing Company, 1965.

Guerin, Wilfred. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., Oxford, 1979.

Hall, Calvin and Gardner Lindzey. Theories of Personality. New York: John Willey and Sons. Inc., 1957.

Hauck, Paul. How to Love and Beloved. London: Sheldon Press, London, 1983.

Hatfield, E. Love and Sex: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1986.

Horton, Paul B. and Chester L. Hunt. Sociology. New York: Harper and Row Inc., 1987.

Hurlock, Elizabeth, B. Personality Development. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill International, 1974.

Kalish, Richard. The Psychology of Human Behavior. 3rd ed. Belmont: Brooks/ Cole Publication. Co., 1973.

Little, Graham. Approach to Literature: An introduction to Critical Study of Content and Method in Writing. Sydney: Science Press, 1963.

Manstead, S.R. and M. Hewstone The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publisher, Ltd., 1996.

Murphy, M. J. Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Student . London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1972.

Perrine, Laurence. Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense . New York: Hancourt, Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1974.

Pervin, Lawrence A. and Oliver P. John. Personality Theory and Research. 7 th edition. New York: John Willey and Sons Inc., 1997.

Rohrberger, Mary and H. Samuel Woods. Reading and Writing about Literature . New York: Random House Inc., 1971.

Rubin, Zick. Liking and Loving., New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc., 1973.

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Sternberg, Robert J. A Triangular Theory of Love . Yale University: American Psychological Association, Inc., 1986.

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ONLINE REFERENCES

Robert, Fraun. Stardust. Headline Review, 2007 (Accessed on September 15, 2007)

McCaffey, Anne. Stardust Fiction Review. 2007 (Accessed on September 18, 2008).

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APPENDIX

Summary of Neil Gaiman’s Stardust

Tristan Thorn is the son of Dunstan Thorn and a captive princess called Una.

The couple met only one night and fell in love instantly. Unfortunately, when Tristan

was born, she was not allowed to keep him and instead sent him to live with his father.

She put in his basket a "Babylon candle" and a letter to Tristan explaining everything.

The story then jumps forward eighteen years to Tristan as a young man, in love

with the prettiest girl, Victoria in a village of Wall. He is desperate to bring her a

newly fallen star by her birthday as that is the only way she will agree to marry him.

He uses the candle to fly to where the star landed, which is not in England but in a

magical land called Stormhold. Tristan soon discovers that the star is not what he

expected. The star is actually a beautiful, immortal and spirited woman named Yvaine.

Despite this, Tristan is determined to marry Victoria. Tristan uses a silver chain that

his father obtained while trying to free the princess to take Yvaine to England,

promising to use the last of the magic candle to take her back afterwards.

However, Tristan is not the only one seeking the star. Yvaine is in terrible

danger because the surviving sons of the King are looking for her because only the

jewel that she wears can secure the throne for one of them. Septimus, one of the

princess, later finds out that a star's heart grants immortality. Septimus wants to

devour her heart so that he can rule the kingdom forever. Additionally, the three

witches known as "The Lilim" and the eldest and the most powerful, Lamia wants her because they can recover their beauty and eternal youth by devouring the star's heart.

As Tristan sets out to protect Yvaine and bring her back to Victoria at the other side of the wall his journey brings incredible encounters with the pirate Captain

Shakespeare and a shady trader among others. Yvaine and Tristan fall in love. Yvaine confesses her feelings to Tristan after the witch, Ditchwater Sal, turns him into a mouse, Yvaine not realizing that he can still understand her.

While Yvaine sleeps, Tristan cuts a piece of her hair and goes back to England to tell Victoria that he no longer loves her. However when he tries to give Victoria the hair he finds that it has turned into stardust, or rock. He realizes that Yvaine cannot enter England and stay in human form and hurries back to the other side of the wall to find her.

Unfortunately, he arrives too late. Una, having seen Yvaine solemnly head towards the wall, races to warn her. The princess stops Yvaine just in time, but

Ditchwater Sal, who's been keeping the princess captive, attacks her and drags her back to the cart. Lamia confronts Sal and kills her, which sets Una free. However,

Yvaine and the Princess Una are both captured by Lamia and taken back to The

Lilim's castle, Yvaine to be killed and the princess to be a servant. Tristan meets

Septimus at the castle, and the two decide to attack the witches together.

Septimus is about to attack Una when he sees that she is his sister, daughter of

the King of Stormhold (the ghosts of the other six brothers are delighted to see her).

Tristan, with the help of Septimus, manages to defeat Empusa, but Lamia kills

Septimus. Tristan is forced to fight the prince's animated corpse and witches alone.

Tristan defeats The Lilim and the animated corpse of Septimus, confronts Lamia in a fierce battle.

During the battle, Lamia nearly kills Yvaine, but Tristan, now knowing that he really loves her, is so he is trying to save Yvaine from Lamia. Tristan picks up the jewel that Yvaine's been wearing. As it is restored to ruby red Tristan becomes the next king of the land of Stormhold, with Yvaine at his side as queen. Una, Tristan's mother, was the king's daughter, making Tristan the last male heir. It is stated that the two will live forever since Yvaine "gave" him her heart when she fell in love with him.

After several generations pass, the two lovers use another Babylon candle, a wedding gift from Una, to return to the sky, where they become twin stars and finally they live happily ever after.