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New Records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) from the Gulf of Mexico Stephen D

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New Records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) from the Gulf of Mexico Stephen D Northeast Gulf Science Volume 13 Article 1 Number 1 Number 1 12-1993 New Records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) from the Gulf of Mexico Stephen D. Cairns Smithsonian Institution Dennis M. Opresko Oak Ridge National Laboratory Thomas S. Hopkins University of Alabama William W. Schroeder University of Alabama DOI: 10.18785/negs.1301.01 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Cairns, S. D., D. M. Opresko, T. S. Hopkins and W. W. Schroeder. 1993. New Records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) from the Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Science 13 (1). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol13/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cairns et al.: New Records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 13, No.1 December 1993 p. 1·11 NEW RECORDS OF DEEP·WATER CNIDARIA (SCLERACTINIA & ANTIPATHARIA) FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO Stephen D. Cairns Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20556 and Dennis M. Opresko Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37930 and Thomas S. Hopkins* Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 and William W. Schroeder Marine Science Program, The University of Alabama Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium Box 369, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 ABSTRACT: Slxty·three species of azooxanthellate acleractlnlana and 26 species of antlpatharlana are recorded from the Gulf of Mexico. This report constitutes the first Inventory of Antlpatharla within the geographic boundaries of the Gulf of Mexico whose southern limits are the Yucatan Straits to the south and the Florida Straits to the east. Thirteen range ex· tensions of azooxanthellate species of the Order Scleractinia, and 28 species of the Order Antlpatharla are reported. With respect to new recorda, we report four new records of azoox· anthelate acleractlnlana and six new recorda of antlpatharlana from the outer continentia! shelf. One of the species, Slbopathes macrosplna Opreako, 1993, represents a new species In the western Atlantic region and appears related to Slbopathes gephura Van Pesch, 1914. The Gulf acleractlnlan fauna constitutes 54% of those known from the western Atlantic; the antlpatharlan fauna constitutes 93% of the western Atlantic fauna. These two groups are moat diverse (55·56 species) In the regions of the Gulf adjacent to the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean (subdivisions I and VI). Diversity gradually decreases towards the western Gulf. Only six species are known from subdivision IV (east Mexico shelf and slope) and 23 species are recorded from subdivision V (Campeche Bank, Mexico). As the deep water regions of the and Soto, 1982; Rezak, et al., 1985; Tun· Gulf of Mexico have become better nell, 1989), a total of 105 scleractinian known through dredging and submersi· species is now recorded from the Gulf ble collections, there has been a steady of Mexico. This figure accounts for 54% increase in the number of benthic of the approximately 195 species of cnidarians recorded from this region. The Scleractinia known from the western number of azooxanthellate Scleractinia Atlantic (Cairns, 1979). Thirteen range ex­ (ahermatypes) known from the Gulf has tensions of azooxanthellate Scleractinia risen from 36 (Cairns, 1977), to 58 (Viada within the Gulf are reported herein (Table and Cairns, 1987), to 63 (this paper). By 1). They include four new records for the including the 42 species of zooxan· Gulf: Madracis pharensis pharensis, thellate (hermatypic) Scleractinia known Caryophyllia barbadenis, Polycyathus from the Gulf (Grimm and Hopkins, 1977; senegalensis, and Asterosmi/ia Zlatarski and Estalella, 1982; Castaiiares marchadi. 1 Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1993 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 13 [1993], No. 1, Art. 1 2 Cairns, S. D., et al Twenty-six species of Antipatharia connecting Key West, Florida to the are recorded from the Gulf of Mexico, closest point on the Cuban coast (ap· and they const,itute about 93% of the proximately 81 °48'W) and the shortest western Atlantic fauna. The following six line between western Cuba and nor­ species are new records for the Gulf: An· theastern Yucatan, Mexico (See Cairns, tlpathes columnaris, Antlpathes desbon­ 1978a). The Gulf is further subdivided ni, Antipathes gracilis, Antipathes hirta, into six areas (Figure 1) to facilitate Bathypathes patula, and Sibopathes geographic categorization: I) from the macrosplna. Twenty-eight subdivisional Florida Keys to Apalachee Bay, Florida, range extensions are also reported II) from Apalachee Bay to the Mississippi (Table 1). River Delta, Ill) from the Delta to the Texas-Mexico border, IV) from that MATERIALS AND METHODS border to the Tabasco-Campeche, Mexico border, V) the Campeche Bank, Abbreviations used in the text in· and VI) the Yucatan Channel and off elude: ACSESS, Alabama Coastal Shelf northwest Cuba to 81 °48'W. Environmental Science Study, Dauphin Regarding azooxanthellate Scler­ Island, AL; CSA, Continentia! Shelf actinia, the following check list (Table 1) Associates, Jupiter, Florida; JSL, is an update of Cairns (1978a). In many Johnson-Sea-Link I research submersi­ cases, revised nomenclature has been ble, Harbor Branch Oceanographic In· provided. Records previously docu­ sitution, Ft. Pierce, Florida; SIO, Scripps mented in Cairns (1978a) are designated Institution of Oceangraphy; SOFLA, with an X in Table 1. All additions to Southwest Florida Shelf Ecosystem Table 1 are indicated by a number keyed Study, Mineral Management Services; to the following sources: 1) Ludwick and UA-DISL, University of Alabama, Dauphin Walton (1957), a previously overlooked Island Sea Lab, Alabama; and USNM, paper having several early records for United States National Museum (now area I. These are: a) Madracis mirabilis NMNH, National Museum of Natural ( = M. asperu/a); b) Bathycyathus sp. ( = History). Pourta/osmilia conferta); and c) Ocul/na The specimens that form the basis disticha ( =Madrepora carolina); 2) of the range extensions originate Moore (1958), in a previously overlooked primarily from three sources: 1) a paper reported Astrangia brasiliensis ( = Johnson-Sea-Link submersible cruise A. solltaria) from Blanquilla Reef, south· south of Louisiana in September 1989, western Gulf, area IV; 3) Weisbord (1974}, the specimens of which are deposited at in a previously overlooked paper pro­ the USNM, 2) UA-DISL specimens col· vided a range extension of Phyllangia lected south of Alabama and northwest americana in area IV; 4) Cairns (1978b); Florida, from the ACSESS program and 5) Cairns (1979); 6) Zlatarski and Estalella two JSL cruises (1987, 1991), and 3) R/V (1982}, area VI; 7) Rezak, et al. (1985}, area Oregon, R/V Pelican, R/V Silver Bay, R/V Ill; 8) Viada and Cairns (i987), area Ill; 9) Verrill, and other miscellaneous collec­ Tunnell (1989); and 10) this paper: 10a· tions such as Continental Shelf Johnson-Sea-Link I 1989 cruise off Associates (CSA), Minerals Management Louisiana; 10b-UA·DISL specimens; 10c­ Service (SOFLA}, Texas A&M (TAMU}, S//ver Bay station 1125; and 10d-USNM and materials deposited at the USNM. general collections. Annotated records The southeastern limits of the Gulf are given below for category 10, which of Mexico are defined as a line constitute the subdivisional range exten- https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol13/iss1/1 2 DOI: 10.18785/negs.1301.01 Cairns et al.: New Records of Deep-Water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) Deep Water Cnideria 3 Figure 1. Map of the Gulf of Mexico showing the six geographic subdivisions (Roman numerals) used in this paper and most of the stations (Cardinal numerals) from which specimens were collected. The 100 fathom (183m) isobath is indicated. Abbreviations: ACSESS (see text); Alb, U.S.F.C.S. Albatross; JSL (see text); 0, RIV Oregon; Pel, RIV Pelican; SB, R/V Silver Bay; SOFLA (see text). sions with the Gulf. Subdivision 1: Florida Keys to Apalachee Sources of all antipatharian records Bay, Florida are indicated in Table 1 in the following Antipatharia manner: A, Opr~sko (1971); B, Opresko (1974); C, Rezak et al. (1985); D, Johnson­ Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857: Sea-Link 1989 cruise off Louisiana; E, Previously known from the West Indies USNM collections; F, CSA, (unpublished and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, data); G, UA-DISL; and H, Opresko and 30-115 m (Brook, 1889; Warner, 1981; Cairns (1992). Annotated records are Rezak, et al., 1985). Unpublished records given below only for sources 0-G, which at the University of Miami indicate a constitute the subdivisional range exten­ broad distribution throughout the Carib· sions within the Gulf. bean, 10-30 m. This species is difficult to distinguish from Antipathes gracilis (see Warner, 1981). - New Record: CSA, Range Extensions 25°15'N, 83°40'W (Pulley Ridge, Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1993 3 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 13 [1993], No. 1, Art. 1 4 Cairns, S. D., et al Table 1. Checklist and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia and Antlpatharla known from the Gulf of Mexico. An asterisk denotes a new record for the Gulf. See preceding text for meaning of letters and numbers. Geographic Subdlvlson II Ill IV
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