Fronteras Culturales Alterirdad

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Fronteras Culturales Alterirdad Guillermo Alonso Meneses • Juan Cajas Manuel Ceballos Ramírez • Camilo Contreras Delgado Salvador Cruz Sierra • Andrés Fábregas Puig Teresa Fernández de Juan • Elizabeth Maier Raymundo Mier Garza• Julia Monárrez Fragoso Ana Lilia Nieto Camacho • Lylia Palacios Hernández Lawrence Douglas Taylor Hansen • Arturo Zárate Ruiz Miguel Olmos Aguilera (compilador) Fronteras culturales, alteridad y violencia / Departamento de Estudios Culturales de El Colef. – Tijuana : El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, 2013. 460 pp. ; 21.5 cm ISBN: 978-607-479-109-9 1. Violencia. 2. Violencia – México. 3. Región fronteriza mexi- coestadounidense – Aspectos sociales. 4. Cultura y violencia. I. Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana, México). Departamento de Estudios Culturales. F 1210 F7 2013 Primera edición, 2013 D. R. © 2013, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, A. C. Carretera escénica Tijuana-Ensenada, km 18.5, San Antonio del Mar, 22560, Tijuana, B. C., México. www.colef.mx ISBN: 978-607-479-109-9 Coordinación editorial: Óscar Manuel Tienda Reyes Corrección: Graciela Bellon y Jonathan Girón P. Formación y diseño: Jonathan Girón Palau Última lectura: Luis Miguel Villa Aguirre Diseño de portada: Ni Yoatzin Salmerón Mariaca Impreso en México / Printed in Mexico ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN Miguel Olmos Aguilera ................................................................... 7 I Modalidades de la violencia: Régimen cultural y condiciones pragmáticas de la interacción Raymundo Mier Garza .................................................................. 23 II La frontera norte: Cartografía de un “modelo para armar” Juan Cajas ...................................................................................... 75 III Identidades en movimiento: La frontera sur de México Andrés Fábregas Puig .................................................................... 97 IV Los años que vivimos horrorizados. Discursos y violencia asociada al narcotráfico en Tijuana 2007-2010 Guillermo Alonso Meneses .......................................................... 115 V Despojo y violencia en los pueblos indígenas del noroeste de México Miguel Olmos Aguilera ............................................................... 153 VI Relaciones entre indios y no indios en Coahuila en el siglo XIX Ana Lilia Nieto Camacho ............................................................ 173 VII Territorialidades callejeras. Producción de territorios por sujetos e instituciones Camilo Contreras Delgado Lylia Palacios Hernández ............................................................ 197 – 5 – VIII Guerra cultural USA: Disputando el significado de la persona, la familia y el estado entre la fe y la ciencia Elizabeth Maier ............................................................................ 219 IX Muerte, coerción legítima y existencia precaria Julia Monárrez Fragoso ............................................................... 253 X Violencia social y homicidio doloso en Ciudad Juárez. Poder, crueldad y goce de una masculinidad temeraria Salvador Cruz Sierra ................................................................... 293 XI La musicoterapia al rescate de la identidad de género en mujeres violentadas por su cónyuge Teresa Fernández de Juan ............................................................ 317 XII Las primeras incursiones estadounidenses en el espacio aéreo mexicano: Un análisis de los vuelos transfronterizos de 1910-1912 Lawrence Douglas Taylor Hansen ............................................... 355 XIII Experiencia de la frontera y visión de la historia: Entre la autobiografía y la profesión Manuel Ceballos Ramírez ............................................................ 391 XIV Fronteras culturales y políticas en la narrativa breve tamaulipeca Arturo Zárate Ruiz ...................................................................... 425 ACERCA DE LOS AUTORES ................................................................ 453 6 ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN LA INTENCIÓN de este libro es registrar y analizar la dimen- sión espacio-temporal de la alteridad y la violencia al fi- nalizar la primera década del siglo XXI. Se busca poner en evidencia la lamentable imagen de la violencia cultural contemporánea. En este sentido, nos preguntamos cómo a partir de los estudios de la cultura, y cómo desde nues- tras propias investigaciones, vivimos y estudiamos el fenó- meno de la violencia, el conflicto, la alteridad y la frontera cultural. Por lo tanto, nos interesa conocer la manera como hoy en día se presenta esta realidad descarnada en diver- sos espacios, tanto de las periferias fronterizas nacionales como regionales y en otras latitudes del país. Esta perspec- tiva multifocal y polisémica permite desplegar el amplio entramado epistémico y teórico-metodológico que subyace en la pluralidad de investigaciones culturales que se reali- zan en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (El Colef) para dar cuenta de los fenómenos, cuyo denominador común sólo podría ser esa riqueza exuberante tanto de puntos de par- tida y concepciones del objeto cultural como de su desa- rrollo y de sus marcos teóricos de referencia reflejados en investigaciones de tipo histórico, sociológico, antropológi- co, geográfico literario y psicológico, entre otros campos disciplinares. Este libro sobre violencia, alteridad y fronteras cultura- les es el resultado de un seminario llevado a cabo durante la primera semana de diciembre del año 2011, en donde se – 7 – congregaron especialistas, en un afán por encontrar el hilo conductor entre las diversas temáticas, todas atravesadas de una u otra forma por la alteridad, la violencia y la fron- tera cultural. Dicho evento contó con la participación de investigadores del Departamento de Estudios Culturales de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte y cuatro invitados es- peciales provenientes de el Colegio de México, el Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, la Universidad Autó- noma Metropolitana y la Universidad Autónoma del Esta- do de Morelos. El Departamento de Estudios Culturales como entidad académica y administrativa tenía varios propósitos por desarrollar en este evento. Uno de ellos era convocar por primera vez a toda la junta de profesores especializados en las líneas de los estudios de cultura de El Colef. Esto trajo consigo el análisis de la temática sugerida inicialmente en el seminario, donde se enriquecieron los trabajos presen- tados mediante la polémica y la discusión; ya que si bien cada investigador desarrolló sus investigaciones desde su propia visión académica, dependiendo de su experiencia y su disciplina, en términos administrativos todos nos inser- tamos en un Departamento de Estudios Culturales en su dimensión multidisciplinar y teórica más heteróclita. LOS ESTUDIOS CULTURALES, AGAIN… Existen múltiples formas para aproximarse a los Estudios Culturales (EC). Por una parte, está el lector que buscará en este libro las investigaciones culturales clásicas tipo Bir- mingham o, en su defecto, la versión estadounidense, con estudios de corte posmoderno que tratan de encontrar, entre otras cosas, la conmemoración de las grandes batallas con- 8 MIGUEL OLMOS AGUILERA tra la ortodoxia disciplinaria que, a decir de muchos defen- sores de ese tipo de EC, obstaculizaron el verdadero avance pluridisciplinario (Grossberg, 1992; Reynoso, 2000:33-46). Otra posible expectativa sobre este tipo de publicaciones es creada por los aportes latinoamericanos que pretenden ubicar los avances de los EC con investigaciones de carácter global utilizando este término como una de las palabras epistémicas recurrentes que destacan en los logros de este movimiento (cfr. Spiellmamm, 1996; García Canclini, 1990; Valenzuela, 2003). Sin embargo, en nuestro conjunto cogni- tivo, los estudios culturales en el interior de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte no representan ni un caso ni otro. En El Colef, se instauró por conveniencia multidisciplinaria un departa- mento de EC que se convirtió en una instancia administrativa y nada más. El reconocimiento en el departamento no siem- pre está dado por un ethos académico de carácter epistémico, sino por el objeto de estudio y por la alteridad frente a otros departamentos de investigación y a otras disciplinas. Por estas razones, se invita al lector a no buscar, en esta ocasión, la presencia sistemática del legado del CCCS de la Universidad de Birmingham, en Inglaterra, que ha tenido influencia importante en los EC latinoamericanos. Sin em- bargo, pese a reconocer vagamente la influencia de los EC en este libro, el lector constatará que no se comulga punto por punto con la visión clásica de los EC tradicionales. El objetivo de este libro sobre violencia es realizar una fotografía de la investigación cultural en la época contem- poránea en su extensión más amplia, reconociendo la di- ferencia de puntos de vista y prioridades temáticas en el interior del departamento, al tiempo que conscientemente nos alejamos de cualquier intento por fomentar un lobby de culturistas. Por consiguiente, convocar a los investi- gadores de otras sedes a lo largo de la frontera norte como Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, Monterrey o Ciudad Juárez, INTRODUCCIÓN 9 representó un reto importante. No obstante, y a pesar de es- tos desafíos, asistieron íntegramente los investigadores de las sedes regionales, quienes además representan actualmen- te una buena parte de los miembros de este Departamento. DE ESO QUE LLAMAN ESTUDIOS CULTURALES En los años de la década de 1970, se publicó un libro titu- lado De eso que llaman
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