Thaïs Massenet

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Thaïs Massenet THAÏS MASSENET Plácido Domingo torna al Liceu per protagonitzar Thaïs, una de les òperes més representatives de Jules Massenet Plácido Domingo vuelve al Liceu para protagonizar Thaïs, una de las óperas más representativas de Jules Massenet Fitxa / Ficha Les derives del desig en 11 37 la Thaïs de Massenet / Las derivas de deseo en la Thaïs de Massenet 12 Repartiment / Reparto Estrella de Diego Thaïs entra en escena Amb el teló abaixat / 51 Marcel Cervelló 15 A telón bajado Thaïs al Liceu / 63 Thaïs en el Liceu 21 Argument / Argumento Jaume Tribó 74 Cronologia / Cronología 31 English Synopsis 88 Biografies / Biografías Temporada 2016/17 THAÏS Comédie lyrique en tres actes i set quadres. Comédie lyrique en tres actos y siete cuadros. Llibret de Louis Gallet. Música de Jules Massenet. Libreto de Louis Gallet. Música de Jules Massenet. Estrenes / Estrenos 16 de març / marzo de 1894: Estrena absoluta a l’Opéra de París / Estreno absoluto en la Opéra de París 22 de febrer / febrero de 1905: Estrena a Barcelona, al Liceu / Estreno en Barcelona, en el Liceu 8 de juliol / julio de 2007: darrera representació al Liceu (versió concertant) última representación en el Liceo (versión concertante) Total de representacions al Liceu / Total de representaciones en el Liceu: 34 Març / Marzo 2017 Torn / Turno Tarifa 1 20.00 h D 5 4 20.00 h E 5 Durada total aproximada 2h 45m Uneix-te a la conversa / Únete a la conversación liceubarcelona.cat #ThaïsLiceu facebook.com/liceu @liceu_cat @liceu_opera_barcelona 12 pag. Athanaël, monjo de la comunitat cenobita Plácido Domingo Athanaël, monje de la comunidad cenobita Nicias, noble i amant de Thaïs Celso Albelo Nicias, noble y amante de Thaïs Palémon, cap de la comunitat cenobita Damián del Castillo Palémon, jefe de la comunidad cenobita Un servent Marc Pujol Un sirviente Thaïs, cortesana i sacerdotessa de Venus Nino Machaidze Thaïs, cortesana y sacerdotisa de Venus Crobyle, esclava de Nicias Sara Blanch Myrtale, esclava de Nicias Marifé Nogales Albine, abadessa del monestir de les Filles Blanques María José Suárez Albine, abadesa del monasterio de las Hijas Blancas L’encisadora Mercedes Arcuri La encantadora THAIS – Music by Jules Massenet – Courtesy of Alphonse Leduc Editions Musicales. Repartiment / Reparto 13 Direcció musical Patrick Fournillier Dirección musical Orquestra Simfònica i Cor del Gran Teatre del Liceu Orquesta Sinfónica y Coro del Gran Teatre del Liceu Direcció del Cor Conxita Garcia Dirección del Coro Concertino Kai Gleusteen Assistents musicals Jocelyne Dienst, Jaume Tribó Asistentes musicales Sobretítols Glòria Nogué, Anabel Alenda Sobretítulos 14 pag. La soprano Mary Garden interpretà Thaïs a la Manhattan Opera House de Nova York el gener de 1907 La soprano Mary Garden interpretó a Thaïs en la Manhattan Opera House de Nueva York en enero de 1907 15 AMB EL TELÓ ABAIXAT COMPOSITOR Jules Massenet (1842-1912) va heretar els models francesos de la grand opéra, amb un gran sentit de l’espectacle, i de l’opéra comique, que barrejava fragments cantats amb d’altres que són recitats sobre arguments que –malgrat la denominació– no tenen per què ser còmics. L’obra de Massenet, contemporani de Camille Saint-Saëns i deixeble de Charles Gounod, consolida la pervivència de l’òpera francesa al llarg de la segona meitat del segle XIX i el primer terç del XX, amb obres exitoses i que es mantenen en repertori, com ara Manon (1884), Werther (1892) o Don Quichotte (1910). L’instint dramàtic del músic, així com la imaginació a l’hora d’escriure melodies que acaben tenint A TELÓN BAJADO COMPOSITOR Jules Massenet (1842-1912) heredó los modelos franceses de la grand opéra, con un gran sentido del espectáculo, y de la opéra comique, que mezclaba fragmentos cantados y recitados sobre argumentos que –a pesar de su denominación– con tienen por qué ser cómicos. La obra de Massenet, contemporáneo de Camille Saint-Saëns y disc í- pulo de Charles Gounod, consolida la pervivencia de la ópera fran cesa a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y primer tercio d el XX, con obras exitosas y que se mantienen en repertorio, como Manon (1884), Werther (1892) o Don Quichotte (1910). El instinto dramático del músico, así como la imaginación a la hora de escribir melodías que 16 pag. valor leitmotívic en moltes de les seves òperes, fan de Massenet un dels compositors d’òpera més importants del seu temps, amb una producció de més de trenta títols, d’èxit i funcionament desiguals, però sempre com a fruit de la seva extraordinària capacitat de treball. Amb vint-i-un anys, Massenet va obtenir el prestigiós Prix de Rome, cosa que li va permetre fer una estada a Itàlia i conèixer Franz Liszt. De retorn a França, París va ser el centre neuràlgic de l’activitat artística de Massenet, que va mantenir fins a la mort. LLIBRET I LLIBRETISTES Thaïs du per nom el d’una cèlebre prostituta que va acabar canonitzada als altars del primer cristianisme, sobre la qual –i des del segle X– corrien peces dramàtiques immortalitzant-ne l’existència. El llibret que Louis Gallet va escriure per a Massenet s’inspirava en la novel·la d’Anatole France sobre la cortesana egípcia. La versió que Massenet va presentar a l’Opéra de París va passar per una revisió posterior, d’acord amb un material sobre el qual Massenet no havia quedat del tot content. Tanmateix, tant el tractament del llibret com la música amb què Massenet impregna sovint molts fragments de la peça l’apropen més aviat a l’oratori, per l’immobilisme de moltes escenes, de caire reflexiu. Amb el teló abaixat / A telón bajado 17 acaban contando con valor de leitmotiv en muchas de sus óperas, convierten a Massenet en uno de los compositores de ópera más importantes de su tiempo, con una producción de más de treinta títulos, de éxito y funcionamiento dispares, pero siempre como fruto de su extraordinaria capacidad de trabajo. A sus veintiún años, Massenet obtuvo el prestigioso Prix de Rome, que le valió una estancia en Italia y conocer a Franz Liszt. De vuelta a Francia, París fue el centro neurálgico de la actividad artística de Massenet, hasta su muerte. LIBRETO Y LIBRETISTAS Thaïs lleva por nombre el de una célebre prostituta que acabó canonizada en los altares del primer cristianismo, sobre la cual –desde el siglo X– corrían piezas dramáticas inmortalizando su existencia. El libreto que Louis Gallet escribió para Massenet se inspiraba en la novela de Anatole France sobre la cortesana egipcia. La versión que Massenet presentó en la Opéra de París pasó por una revisión posterior, conforme a un material sobre el cual Massenet no había quedado demasiado contento. Sin embargo, tanto el tratamiento del libreto como la música con que Massenet impregna a menudo muchos fragmentos de la pieza la aproximan al oratorio, por el inmovilismo de muchas escenas, de carácter reflexivo. 18 pag. ESTRENA Escrita entre Werther (1892) i Le portrait de Manon (1894), Thaïs és la dino- vena òpera de Massenet i es va estrenar el 16 de març de 1894 a l’Opéra de París (Opéra Garnier), tot i que inicialment era destinada a l’Opéra Comique. L’escàndol no es va fer esperar quan la soprano nord-americana Sibyl Sanderson, que interpretava el rol titular, va mostrar «accidentalment» un pit nu, atenint-se a les exigències del paper, corresponent a una cèlebre corte- sana de la Tebes egípcia del segle IV dC. Independentment de l’anècdota, l’òpera va tenir ben poc èxit i es va retirar dels escenaris parisencs després de catorze representacions. El veritable èxit de Thaïs no va arribar fins al 1903, després de les funcions que va protagonitzar a Milà la soprano Lina Cavalieri abans de fer-ho a París, on el títol de Massenet va ser rebut amb grans ovacions. ESTRENA AL LICEU Thaïs es va estrenar al Gran Teatre del Liceu la nit del 22 de febrer de 1905, amb la cèlebre soprano romanesa Hariclea Darclée en el rol titular. Al número 264 de la revista Joventut (de ressonàncies filowagnerianes), Salvador Vilaregut va signar un article demolidor contra l’òpera: «L’assumpto de Thais es massa gros pel nostre miniaturista traçut [...]. El pobre Massenet s’ha carregat un pes que l’aixafa y no’n surt quasi bé may ayrós, y del conjunt ne resulta una obra mansa [...], incolora, mancada de caràcter; una música que no diu res, que no pinta res, orquestrada pobrement, amb una escassetat de timbres que fa caure les ales del cor». No n’hi havia per a tant... Amb el teló abaixat / A telón bajado 19 ESTRENO Escrita entre Werther (1892) y Le portrait de Manon (1894), Thaïs es la deci- monovena ópera de Massenet y se estrenó el 16 de marzo de 1894 en la Opéra de París (Opéra Garnier), aunque inicialmente estaba destinada a la Opéra Comique. El escándalo no se hizo esperar cuando la soprano nortea- mericana Sibyl Sanderson, que interpretaba el rol titular, mostró «acciden- talmente» un pecho desnudo, atendiendo a las exigencias del papel, corres- pondiente a una célebre cortesana de la Tebas egipcia del siglo IV d. de C. Al margen de la anécdota, la ópera cosechó escaso éxito y bajó de los escenarios parisinos tras catorce representaciones. El verdadero éxito de Thaïs no llegaría hasta 1903, tras las funciones que protagonizó en Milán la soprano Lina Cavalieri antes de hacerlo en París, donde el título de Massenet fue recibido con grandes ovaciones. ESTRENO EN EL LICEU Thaïs se estrenó en el Gran Teatre del Liceu la noche del 22 de febrero de 1905, con la célebre soprano rumana Hariclea Darclée en el rol titular.
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