Module Code GES1005: Everyday Life of : Past & Present

Tutorial Group D13

Assignment Name Temple Group Project - The Buddhist Lodge

Date of Submission 31 October 2017

S/N Students’ Names

1. Chua Shu Zhen

2. Elsie Mok Kai Ying

3. Kong Kai Li

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

Chapter 2: About the Temple 1

2.1 Background of Temple 1

2.1.1 Ties with Chinese Buddhist Circle 2

2.2 Main & Secondary Gods 2

2.3 Temple Events 2

2.4 Preservations of Traditions 3

2.5 Interesting Stories 3

2.6 Temple Facilities and Features 4

Chapter 3: Reflections and Challenges 5

3.1 Reflections 5

3.2 Challenges 5

Chapter 4: References -

Chapter 5: Appendices -

APPENDICES

Appendix A - Entrance of Singapore Buddhist Lodge

Appendix B - Image of Sakyamuni Buddha

Appendix C (1-10) - List of Secondary Gods

Appendix D - Consecration Ceremony of Largest Amitabha Figure

Appendix E - SBL Logo

Appendix F - Red Cloth Strips

Appendix G - Lotus Oil Lamp

Appendix H - Article on the Complaints of SBL

Appendix I - 1st Storey Layout: Courtyard

Appendix J - 2nd Storey Layout: Office

Appendix K - 3rd Storey Layout: Virtue Hall

Appendix L - 4th Storey Layout: Library and Meeting Rooms

Appendix M - 5th Storey Layout: Chanting Hall

Appendix N - 6th Storey Layout: Storeroom

Appendix O - 7th Storey Layout: Main Hall

Appendix P - Donation Boxes

Appendix Q - Screen Walls

Appendix R - Symbolic Brazier

Appendix S - Plaque

Chapter 1: Introduction Temples are preserved as cultural artifacts which represent the history and rich cultures of ancient . The temples are used as places of worship where devotees will visit to pay respect to the Gods and receive blessings. As part of our assignment, we visited Singapore Buddhist Lodge (SBL) (新加坡佛教居士林) on 18 September 2017. The temple is located at 17 Kim Yam Road, S239329, which is situated at Mohamed Sultan. The temple is 20 minutes away from the nearest MRT station at Somerset. This traditional Chinese temple has been established since 1946 and is well known for goodwill vegetarian meals to devotees 3 times a day all year round. Hence, the temple is relatively crowded, even on weekdays. The majority of the devotees consist of elderlies. Unlike the other temples which use dialect as their main language, this temple uses English and Chinese for communication. The main mode of in the temple is Buddhism, due to the vast amount of Mahayana in the temple.

SBL consists of 7 levels and the design of this temple features Chinese-style roof ornamented with dragons that represents power, prosperity and , and uses red, green and white as their main colors. The facade is also decorated with lotus ornaments which symbolize purity of body, speech and mind (Refer to Appendix A). The purpose of the temple is to propagate in Singapore and make Buddhist doctrines and available and accessible to the public. The temple also performs charitable undertakings to give back to the society.

Chapter 2: About the Temple 2.1 Background of the Temple SBL was formerly known as Singapore Buddhist Distribution Centre which was founded in 1933 at an office located in Putuo Temple at Yan Kit Road. The temple was founded by Rev Dao Jie, Rev Zhuan Dao, Hui Yuan, Rui Deng, Pu Liang and Ru An. The temple went through several relocation before it settled in the current location. The office was initially based at Por Thoo Jee but was shifted to 26 Blair Road a year later with the facilitation and contribution by Mr Lee Choong Seng. The temple was also formally renamed to SBL after the shift to 26 Blair Road in 1934. The temple was then moved to 120 River Valley Road in 1939 and later to 13 Tong Watt Road in 1942 before shifting to its present location in 1946. The two main building in SBL were contributed by Mr Lee Kong Chian, where the main hall was named after him. The buildings were reconstructed in 1970 and 1995.

Since its establishment, SBL has been actively involved in charity works through various institutions such as the Chinese Physicians Free Clinic, The SBL Vision, SBL Welfare Foundation and the SBL Education Foundation. The funds collected from the devotees are used in different ways to assist the less privileged. Some of the charity works include covering the school fees and daily expenses for students through bursaries, supporting the poor in

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day-to-day expenses and medical fees, catering free vegetarian meals to the devotees as well as to distribute funds in red packets for the elderly before Chinese New Year.

2.1.1 Ties with Chinese Buddhist Circle SBL has also established ties with China since 1980s when China invited Buddhist Organizations in Singapore to introduce historical and traditional exchange. A missionary visit to China was led by Mr Lee Bock Guan, Ms Zhang Ziying, Ms Sun Zezhi, Mr Zhuang Xueliang and others in 1984 which turned into an annual pilgrimage to various sacred places. This served as an opportunity to strengthen ties with the Chinese counterparts. When there are ceremonies connected with restoration of or temples and consecration of Buddha statues, SBL will be represented to present their gifts for the betterment of these sacred icons. Exchanges between learned monks from China to Singapore are also facilitated by SBL. On 25th September 1988, the President of the Buddhist Association in China together with 15 members visited the SBL. In addition, a mission trip was led by Rev Guangqia to attend the consecration ceremony of Famen Monastery in November 1988.

2.2 Main & Secondary Gods The Main God of SBL is Sakyamuni Buddha (释迦牟尼) which is also known as Sage of the or simply, the Buddha. The Buddha is the primary figure in Buddhism and advocates the end of and suffering for all sentient beings. The Buddha was born as Siddhartha Gautama in , around 2500 years ago. In his quest for enlightenment, he travelled the world and followed the teachings of many gurus. At the age of thirty-five, he became enlightened and developed an intuitive understanding of existence. He also understood the cause and solutions to earthly suffering. His observations about suffering became known as the . In addition, he developed the , one of his principal teachings, which was described as the path leading to the cessation of suffering. After his enlightenment, Siddhartha Gautama became known as Buddha, the Awakened One and continued to spread Dharma teachings until his death around the age of 80.

Apart from the Main God, there are many other Secondary Gods in the temple. The list of secondary gods can be found in Appendix C and visual aids can be found in Appendices C1 to C10.

2.3 Temple Events There are several events celebrated by the caretakers and devotees of the temple on an annual basis. These events are shown in the table below.

Activities Dates

God’s Birthday Birthday of Pu Pusa Lunar: 21st of the 2nd month Birthday of Buddha Lunar: 1st of 1st month Birthday of Sakyamuni Buddha Lunar: 8th of 4th month Birthday of Buddha Amitabha Lunar: 17th of 11th month

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Other Major Chinese Lunar New Year Blessing Ceremony Lunar: 1st to 4th of 1st month Festivals Ching Ming Festival Lunar: 3rd month Day Lunar: 14th of 4th month Hungry Ghosts’ Festival Lunar: 15th of 7th month

Birthday rituals are held to commemorate the Gods’ birthdays. These rituals are performed by the priests and offerings will be made to the Gods during the rituals. Typically, the priest will bless the devotees as well as the items they carry along. The most popular ritual in SBL is held on Vesak Day where the worshippers will gather around the water ornamented with wreath of flowers to pour the scented water over the image of an infant Prince. This is called “bathing” the Buddha as the Prince symbolises enlightened presence of the Buddha. The purpose of this ritual is to purify one’s mind of greed, anger and ignorance. Apart from the events identified in table above, the temple held a consecration ceremony of Amitabha’s statue in 2001, on the 17th day of the 11th month in the lunar calendar. This ceremony holds the largest outdoor Amitabha figure in Singapore and involves more than 40 venerable masters worldwide and is attended by 200 devotees (Refer to Appendix D).

2.4 Preservations of Traditions There are many traditions and cultures that are preserved in SBL until today. Firstly, SBL is a charity organisation and is well-known for providing goodwill vegetarian meals in buffet style to anyone, regardless of religion or race. SBL also distribute red packets worth $100 to the elderly and less privileged every Chinese New Year. Moreover, efforts are made to visit various old folks home around Singapore to distribute red packets. SBL believes that this would portray a deeper understanding to the public that Buddhism teaches on tolerance, compassion and equality (Refer to Appendix E for SBL Logo). Secondly, different rituals are performed for different festivals. For instance, during the seventh month, Meng Shan Offerings Ceremony (蒙山施會) is performed where the devotees will recite repentance to purify the immoral karma from the past. Apart from that, memorial service (回向) is also held to dedicate the merits to loved ones. Thirdly, red cloth strips with good wishes are hanged around the offering tables by devotees as it symbolises good fortune (Refer to Appendix F). Lastly, oil lamps and wax candles are offered to the Gods as an offering as it symbolises group cultivation and glorifies the temple, helping devotees to produce a mind of reverence. (Refer to Appendix G).

2.5 Interesting Stories SBL is situated in the heart of surrounding private apartments, made it vulnerable to the complaints by neighboring residents. Hence, there are several complaints and articles by the residents to propose to the authorities in of demolishing the temple (Refer to Appendix H). The complaints include rituals being too noisy as well as devotees’ vehicles obstructing the traffic. SBL compromised by taking corrective steps within reasonable means and managed to preserve the temple and its traditions till today. Despite the unpleasant

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circumstances faced at times, the temple continues to be a popular and virtuous charity organization with 70 years of history.

2.6 Temple Facilities and Features As mentioned in chapter 1, the temple has a total of 7 storeys with a courtyard housing a wide variety of Gods and deities that the devotees come to worship. The layout of the temple can be found from Appendix I to Appendix O. There is a different use of space for each storey; the first storey is mainly used as a canteen where the devotees can mingle around and consume the vegetarian meals provided by the temple while the second storey is used as an office where information can be obtained from the employees. The third level is used as a virtue hall, the fourth as a library for its members and the fifth level is the chanting hall. On the sixth level, it is a locked storeroom only for the entry of authorised personnel. Finally, on the seventh storey, it is the main hall of the temple. The main hall is spacious and arranged with many prayer stools for worshippers to meditate and pray to the main God, Sakyamuni Buddha. There is a statue of the main God and offering table on the podium and many other worshipping equipment available such as the chanting tools and bells. In the courtyard, big statues of the temple’s main God and other secondary Gods can be found. Statues of monks who have greatly contributed to the temple were also placed in the courtyard. The similarity between each level is that statues, sculptures and area of worship can be found.

There are many temple features found in SBL, where some of the features are similar and can be observed in other Chinese temples as well. These features are elaborated in table below.

Incense Burner/ Censer Placed at the main entrance for devotees to make their offerings before entering the temple.

Temple Furnace For burning of joss paper and other offerings.

Prayer Stool For the devotees to kneel and meditate during their worship

Offering Tables/ Altar Placement of offerings such as oil lamps, food, fruits, drinks, flowers and smaller incense burner. Oil lamps are especially significant in the Chinese temple as it symbolized light and can be used for anointing and helps to prevent things from wearing.

Donation Boxes Placed around the temples in almost all the levels for devotees to give offerings to the temple or the beneficiaries that the temple is aiding (Refer to Appendix P).

Sculptures A Chinese artifacts. Different sculptures represent different meanings.

Screen Walls Stop ghost and evil spirits from entering the temple (Refer to Appendix Q).

Huayan Twin Round tall symbolic brazier, height of 8.8m is placed at the main courtyard to (Refer to Appendix R) collect coins from the devotees. The brazier is not for burning offerings.

Gate Guardians Used to ward off evil spirits. Different types of gate guardians such as lions and

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dragons. Singapore Buddhist Lodge uses a pair of dragons which represent power, creativity, wisdom and good fortune.

Decorative Features Decorative features such as the couplets, lanterns, drums and bells are placed around the temple where each of these features have a different symbolic meaning (e.g. good fortune and joy).

Plaques It is made up of wood and attached to the wall of the main hall and offices. A plaque can be used to indicate a place or promote a message (Refer to Appendix S).

Chapter 3: Reflections and Challenges 3.1 Reflections The visit to SBL was a fruitful and eye-opening experience as our generation do not visit the temple so frequently as compared to the older generations. This trip allowed us to understand and appreciate the ritual, practices and rules of the temple. For example, shorts below knee length are prohibited in the temple as appropriate dressing meant respect to the Gods. In addition, we also learnt that different temples have different practices that the caretakers or devotees adopt such as the different ways to celebrate the Gods’ birthday. The temple is not only a religious institution but also a place for the devotees to come together and forge new friendship which was evident in our site visit to the temple as we observed many devotees hanging around the canteen and catching up with other devotees. This trip also allowed us to learn more about the hybrid culture in Singapore, as SBL often interact with people from different religions and exist for the greater society instead of being an enclosed one. Finally, we learnt that it is important to respect every religion and their beliefs.

3.2 Challenges There are a few challenges we came across during our site visit. Firstly, despite going down to the temple, we were not granted a face-to-face interview as the Marketing and Public Relations (MPR) assistant manager said that they are not allowed to disclose any information without the approval of the higher management. Hence, we left our contact details and questionnaires, hoping that they will get back to us. After a few days, the MPR assistant manager responded but certain questions were left out as they are not allowed to reveal. Secondly, it was a rainy and crowded day when we visited the temple and thus, we had a hard time bracing through the rain in the courtyard in order to have the videos and photos taken. We overlooked a few pictures since it was a hustling day and one of us had to go back to the temple to fill up the missing photos.

We identified some improvements and suggest that the temple should install another lift as there are a lot of elderlies who has difficulties using the stairs and have caused congestion around the walkway of each level. These made moving around the temple difficult and obstructed the entrance of each level while they are queueing for the lifts. It would also be good if the courtyard is properly sheltered so that devotees will not have to carry an umbrella while making offerings and praying to the Gods on a rainy day.

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REFERENCES

▪ BeoKeng. (n.d.). Singapore Buddhist Lodge . Retrieved from Singapore Buddhist Lodge: http://www.beokeng.com/disptemple.php?temple=singapore-buddhist-lodge ▪ Blessings Prosperity and Longevity Monastery. (n.d.). Candle Ceremony Retrieved from bpl monastery: http://www.bplmonastery.org/special-events.html ▪ budda. (2017). Who is Buddha?. Retrieved from http://www.zen-buddhism.net/history/who-is- buddha.html ▪ BuddhaNet. (2017a). Ti Tsang P'usa: Ksitigarbha . Retrieved from: http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/tstang-txt.htm ▪ BuddhaNet. (2017b). Mi-Lo-Fwo: Maitreya Buddha. Retrieved from buddhanet: http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/maitreya-txt.htm ▪ BuddhaNet (2017c). Wen Shu Shih-Li, Bodhisattva. Retrieved from http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/wenshu-txt.htm ▪ BuddhaNet. (2017d). Pu Hsien P'usa: Retrieved from: http://www.buddhanet.net/e- learning/history/puhsien-txt.htm ▪ BuddhaNet. (2008). The Lohans Place in Buddhism. Retrieved from http://www.buddhanet.net/e- learning/history/lohan_h.htm ▪ Chinatownology. (2015). Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva. Retrieved from: http://www.chinatownology.com/ksitigarbha.html ▪ Chinese Buddhist Encyclopedia. (2014, Mar 20). Wei Tuo Bodhisattva. Retrieved from: http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Wei_Tuo_Bodhisattva ▪ Chinese . (n.d.). Retrieved from The Temple Trail: http://thetempletrail.com/chinese- buddhist-temples/ ▪ Court, T. (2017). vesak day. Retrieved from Visit Singapore: http://www.visitsingapore.com//festivals- events-singapore/cultural-festivals/vesak-day/ ▪ Diamond Way Buddhism (2017). The life of the Buddha. Retrieved from https://www.diamondway- buddhism.org/buddhism/buddha/ ▪ Dr. Sundhara-Nanda, D. S. (2003, Nov 20). 13 Patriarchs. Retrieved from http://www.thomehfang.com/kumarajiva/13Patriarchs/13Patriarchs_20Nov2003.htm ▪ Idema, W. L. (2008). In W. L. Idema, Personal Salvation and Filial Piety (p. 221). Kuroda Institute. ▪ Chung Tai Center of Sunnyvale. (n.d.). Calendar of Dharma Events – Details. Retrieved from: http://ctzen.org/sunnyvale/enUS/index.php?option=com_eventlist&Itemid=65&func=details&did=430 ▪ O'Brien, B. (2017, July 11). Dragons Buddhism. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/dragons- 449955

▪ One World Nations Online. (n.d.). Guan Yin. Retrieved from nationsonline.org: http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/Chinese_Customs/Guan_Yin.htm ▪ . (2017). Pure Land Scriptures. Retrieved from Pure Land Buddhism: http://www.purelandbuddhism.org/plb/18/14 ▪ Chang, H.U. (2011, Feb 28). Pu Xian Pusa/Samantabhadra Bodhisattva. Retrieved from: https://amitabhabuddha.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/pu-xian-pusa-samantabhadra-bodhisattva/ ▪ SBL stories. (2011, Dec 5). Retrieved from https://www.sammyboy.com/threads/condo-residents-want- singapore-buddhist-lodge-to-be-torn-down.105659/ ▪ Schumacher, M. (2014). . Retrieved from http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shitenno.shtml ▪ . (2011, Jan 6). The meaning of lotus flower in Buddhism. Retrieved from https://buddhists.org/buddhist-symbols/the-meaning-of-the-lotus-flower-in-buddhism/ ▪ Travel China Guide. (2017). Spring Festivals Couplets. Retrieved from: https://www.travelchinaguide.com/essential/holidays/new-year/spring-festival-couplets.htm ▪ Temple Elements. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Temple Guy: http://mi-le- fo.thetempleguy.com/glossary.htm ▪ Who was Buddha? (n.d.). Retrieved from The Buddhist Centre : https://thebuddhistcentre.com/text/who- was-buddha

APPENDICES

Appendix A - Entrance of Singapore Buddhist Lodge

Appendix B – Image of Sakyamuni Buddha

Secondary Gods Description

Wen Shu Pusa (文殊菩萨) Wen Shu Pusa or Manjushri, is the embodiment of great wisdom.

In Mahayana Buddhism, Manjushri is identified as the oldest and most significant bodhisattva. A pure land, Vimala, is assigned to Manjushri in Mahayana Buddhism. Vimala is predicted to be one of the two best pure lands in all of existence

In Buddhism, Majushri is considered a fully enlightened Buddha and a meditational .

In , he is classified as one of the to whom disciples devote themselves to.

Samantabhadra (Pu Xian Pusa 普贤菩萨) Samantabhadra or Pu Xian Pusa, is associated with Mahayana Buddhism. Samantabhadra is linked love, sacred activity, virtue, diligent training and patience as a bodhisattva. She is named one of the Three Venerables of Sakyamuni and forms the Sakyamuni trinity with and Manjushri. Samantabhadra is often located on the right of Gautama Buddha and is also a patron of the .

In China, Samantabhadra is worshipped as the object of pilgrimage in Emei Shan, which is regarded as her sacred abode. She is also well known in China, Japan and Singapore for her limitless offerings to the Buddha and Ten Great Vows.

18 Lohan (十八罗汉) The 18 Lohan is depicted in Mahayana Buddhism as the original disciples of the Buddha. They are said to have followed the Eightfold Path and attained the Four Stages of Enlightenment. They have reached the state of and are free from worldly cravings, rebirths and karma. The duty to protect Buddhist and await the coming of Maitreya on Earth, was charged to the 18 Lohan.

The 18 Lohan are renowned for their great wisdom, courage and supernatural power. They are often the guardian angels of Buddhist temples due to their abilities to ward off the evil. Originally, the lohans were said to consists of 16 lohans. Two were added to the lohans by the Chinese during the .

Maitreya (弥勒佛) Maitreya, also known as The Friendly and Benevolent One or One who possesses Loving Kindness, is adored for his willingness to grant help to those who direct their minds towards him. He is widely regarded as the future Buddha who

would achieve complete enlightenment, after Gautama Buddha who is the current Buddha.

He is widely worshipped for wealth and happiness. There are also some who believe that he is capable of bequeathing people with children. He is normally depicted in a sitting posture, as a fat, genial laughing figure with a mountainous belly and a large bag beside him. This image can also be found in SBL. Because of this appearance, many people choose to call him 'The Laughing Buddha'.

Wei Tuo Pusa (韋馱菩薩) Wei Tuo or Bodhisattva, is the Great Dharma Protector in Mahayana Buddhism. He is also recognized as a guardian of Buddhism teachings. According to legends, Wei Tuo Pusa was instructed by the Buddha, before the Buddha entered Nirvana, to guard the Dharma. It would be his responsibility to protect and resolve conflicts of the members of when they are disturbed by demons.

13 Pure Land Patriarchs (净土十三祖) The Pure Land Patriarchs advocates the rebirth in the Amitabha Buddha’s Western Land of Bliss. Thirteen Patriarchs are generally recognized in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism. The Thirteen Patriarchs are Huiyuan (334-416), (613-681), Chengyuan (712-802), Fazhao (747- 821), Shaokang (736-805), Yanshou (904-975), Shengchang (959-1020), Lianchi (1532-1612), Ouyi (1598-1655), Xingce (1627-1682), Shengan (1686-1734), Chewu (1741-1810) and Yinguang (1861-1941).

Each Patriarchs made substantial contributions towards Pure Land Buddhism. Chinese Pure Land Buddhism is divided into two sub-traditions: the Path of Importance and the Path of the Great Vow.

Those who promoted the Great Vow were Shandao, Fazhao and Shaokang. In modern times, Master Yinguang inclined towards the Great Vow in his thinking, though he often took account of the Path of Importance in his teaching.

Between them, the two paths drew in and accommodated a very extensive range of adherents, turning Pure Land into an independent, preeminent Dharma school.

Guanyin (观音) Guan Yin or Guan Shi Yin, is synonymous with Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara in . She is commonly known as “the Goddess of Mercy” in English. Guan Yin is associated with mercy, compassion, kindness and love. She is depicted as both male and female to show that her limitless transcendence beyond gender.

Some Buddhists also believe that when they depart from the world, they are placed by in the heart of a lotus and sent to the western Pure Land of Sukhāvatī.

4 Heavenly Kings (四大天王) The Four Heavenly Kings are Buddhist gods, where each of - Dhrita-rastra 持国天王 them watches over one cardinal direction of the world. They are said to ward off evil and are protectors of the world. Each - Vidradhaka 增长天王 king is able to command a legion of supernatural creatures to - Virapaksa 广目天王 protect the Dharma. - Vaisravana 多闻天王 Dhrita-rastra, also said to be the King of the East and God of music. He has the pipa as a symbolic weapon.

Vidradhaka, is said to be the King of the South, and causes the good growth of roots. His symbolic weapon is the sword which is carried in his right hand.

Virapaksa is said to be the one who sees all and is the King of the West. He has a snake or red cord that is representative of a dragon.

Vaisravana is the chief of the Four Heavenly Kings and the protector of the North. He is said to be the ruler of the rain and has an umbrella or pagoda as a symbolic weapon. Their origin stems from , serving as generals serving Lord Indra. They were later adopted into the Buddhist pantheon in China and Japan, which was later passed on to Singapore. In the temple, they are shown to be dressed in armor, ferocious-looking, and are carrying weapons.

Kshitigarbha Bodhisattva (地 藏 王 普 薩) Kshitigarbha is a Mahayana Bodhisattva and is usually depicted as a Buddhist monk. He is also known as Di Zang Wang Pusa in Chinese and Earth Stone Bodhisattva in English. Ksitigarbha is known for his Great Vow to help all sentient beings gain enlightenment before attaining himself. He is also tasked to propagate Dharma to all beings between the death of the Gautama Buddha and the rise of Maitreya Buddha.

Appendix C - List of Secondary Gods

Appendix C1 - Wen Shu Pusa

Appendix C2 - Pu Xian Pusa

Appendix C3 - 18 Lohan

Appendix C4 – 18 Lohan

Appendix C5 - Maitreya Buddha

Appendix C6 - Wei Tuo Pusa

Appendix C7 - 13 Land Patriarchs

Appendix C8 - Guan Yin

Appendix C9 – 4 Heavenly Kings

Appendix C10 - Kshitigarbha Bodhisattva

Appendix D - Consecration Ceremony of Largest Amitabha Figure

Appendix E - SBL Logo

Appendix F - Red Cloth Strips

Appendix G - Lotus Lamp

Appendix H - Article on the Complaints of SBL

Appendix I - 1st Storey Layout

Appendix J - 2nd Storey Layout - Office (in red)

Appendix K - 3rd Storey Layout - Virtue Hall (in red)

Appendix L - 4rd Storey Layout - Library (in red)

Appendix M - 5th Storey Layout - Chanting Hall (in red)

Appendix N - 6th Storey Layout - Storeroom (in red)

Appendix O - 7rd Storey Layout - Main Hall (in red)

Appendix P - Donation Boxes

Appendix Q - Screen Walls

Appendix R - Symbolic Brazier ( Twin-Pagoda)

Appendix S - Plaque