Decoding Fingerprints: Elemental Composition of Vertebrae Correlates to Age-Related Habitat Use in Two Morphologically Similar Sharks

The following supplement accompanies the article

Decoding fingerprints: elemental composition of vertebrae correlates to age-related habitat use in two morphologically similar sharks

Bree J. Tillett1,2,5,*, Mark G. Meekan4, David Parry3,5, Niels Munksgaard3, Iain C. Field1,6, Dean Thorburn7, Corey J. A. Bradshaw8,9

1School for Environmental Research, 2Tropical Rivers and Coastal Knowledge Research Hub and 3School of Environment and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory 0810, Australia 4Australian Institute of Marine Science, UWA Oceans Institute (MO 96), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia 5Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Northern Territory 0810, Australia 6Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia 7Indo-Pacific Environmental, Mount Hawthorn, Western Australia 6010, Australia 8The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia 9South Australian Research and Development Institute, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, South Australia 5022, Australia

*Email: [email protected]

Marine Ecology Progress Series 434: 133–142 (2011)

Supplement 1. Vertebral microchemistry of bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and pig-eye (C. amboinensis) sharks through ontogeny

Table S1. Sampling details for fishery independent surveys (species combined). Location, sample size (sex ratio), species, average total length (TL) ± standard deviation (mm), date (months / years). Location Sample size Species Average TL Date (sex ratio) (± st dev) (mm) Darwin harbour 4 (2 male, 2 C. amboinensis 753.75 (43.28) March 2008 female) Fitzroy R 16 (8 male, 8 C. leucas 994.18 (295.36) June 2003 female) Daly R 15 (9 male, 6 C. leucas 862.53 (99.77) July / August female) 2007 Liverpool R 7 (5 male, 2 C. leucas 904 (96.87) June 2002 female) East Alligator R 14 (7 male, 7 C. leucas 767.62 (26.87) April 2008 female) Roper R 11 (5 male, 6 C. leucas 836.18 (47.5) July 2002 female) Towns R 11 (5 male, 6 C. leucas 1092.92 (130.85) July 2002 female) Table S2. Average percent composition of calcium in shark vertebrae from the regions scanned in Fig. S1. Sample Species % composition Calcium ( ± St Dev) PE168 Carcharhinus amboinensis 35.16 (0.76) PE169 Carcharhinus amboinensis 35.41 (0.74) B201 Carcharhinus leucas 34.63 (0.84) B229 Carcharhinus leucas 35.81 (0.73)

Fig. S1. Scanning electron microscopy of sagitally sectioned ablated shark vertebrae. Boxes represent areas in the corpus calcareum which elemental compostion were quantified and compared (1 mm x 1 mm). (a) sample PE168 (Carcharhinus amboinensis); (b) sample PE169 (Carcharhinus amboinesis); (c) sample B201 (Carcharhinus leucas); (d) sample B229 (Carcharhinus leucas).

Fig. S2. Typical Sr:Ba net cps ratios (counts per second) with age (years) of pig-eye sharks; total n = 39. (a) Female patterns, n = 18; (b) Male patterns, n = 21

Fig. S3. Typical element:Ca net cps ratios (counts per second) with age (years) of pig-eye sharks; total n = 39. (I) Lithium; (II) Magnesium; (III) Manganese; (IV) Zinc. (a) Female patterns, n = 18; (b) Male patterns, n = 21.

Fig. S4. Principal component analysis of bull shark nurseries identi- fied from juvenile vertebrae; adults birthbands and return periods. Variation explained by the first 2 principal components is represented. Fitzroy River n = 16, Daly River n = 15, Liverpool River n = 7, East Alligator River n = 14, Roper River n = 11, Towns River n = 11, adult n = 18, adult returns n = 28; total n = 120.