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An Ethnomedicinal Study of Important Medicinal Plants in Kudermukh National Park of Karnataka: a Review

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An Ethnomedicinal Study of Important Medicinal Plants in Kudermukh National Park of Karnataka: a Review Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 3477-3490 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.432 An Ethnomedicinal Study of Important Medicinal Plants in Kudermukh National Park of Karnataka: A Review Rahul Pradhan1*, T. N. Manohara1, H. S. Suresh2 and Amit Prakash Nayak3 Department of Silviculture and Forest Management, Institute of Wood Science and Technology (IWST-ICFRE), Bengaluru, Karnataka 2Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka Department of Forestry, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT This review article presents a list and uses of some medicinal plants K e yw or ds distributed in the Kudermukh National Park of Karnataka. This paper Ethnomedicinal, provides information about 56ethno-medicinally useful plants grown in this Native, Circulatory, region. In this paper, family, botanical name, local name, ethnomedicinal Digestive uses are given for each plant. All these plants are used in the treatment like Article Info injuries, respiratory ailments, circulatory system ailments, digestive disorders, colds, and fevers of human. This study represents a systematic Accepted: 26 August 2020 attempt to explore the knowledge of the native people about plants, which Available Online: they use to cure diseases and it is an attempt towards conserving the local 10 September 2020 knowledge of people to plants. Introduction India about 17000 species of higher plants out of which 7500 are known for medicinal uses It is documented that 80% of the world (Shiva, 1996). India is one of the major population has faith in traditional medicines, contributors to the world in terms of herbal particularly plant drugs for their primary drugs and its raw materials (Grunwald, 2000). healthcare (Kala et al., 2006). The use of In India Janaki Ammal (1956) initiated the plants for medicinal purposes and human work on ethnobotany while working in sustenance has been in practice in India since botanical survey of India. the Vedic age. The earliest mention of the medicinal use of the plants is found in the Kudremukh National Park is located at the tri- Rigveda, 1500-400 BC, Athurveda 1500 BC, junction of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Upnishada 1000-600 BC (Chauhan, 1999). In Chikmagalur districts. It falls approximately 3477 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 3477-3490 at the middle of mid-Western Ghats (the Ethnomedicinal uses stretch between Goa and Nilgiris). It lies to the south - west of Karnataka state and is just Bark are used as stimulant, febrifuge and in 50 kms. from the west-coast between the 750 stomachache. Leaf and flower are Purgative 01‟ to 750 25‟ east longitude and 130 01‟ to and hydragogue in nature. Root has astringent 130 29‟ north latitude. The National park is a property and used as gargle. part of Sahyadrihill ranges and constitutes a geographic barrier between the coastal areas Sterculia foetida L. and the hinterland. For ages this has segregated people and gave protection to the Common name- Wild almond tree, Java olive coastal areas, its wealth, its culture and tree, Family-Malvaceae traditions from casual invasion by the strong ruling polity of the maidan areas. The park Ethnomedicinal uses derives its name from the highest hill peak known as the Kudremukh Peak having an The bark is aperient, diaphoretic and diuretic. altitude of 1892 meters from the sea level. It It is used in the treatment of dropsy and is the queen of many fascinating hill peaks in rheumatism. The leaves are aperients. The Karnataka. fruit is astringent and mucilaginous. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhea. The seeds are Materials and Methods used as a purgative in Ghana. The oil from the seed is laxative and carminative. It is Literature survey of publications related to extracted on a local scale to be used in traditional knowledge associated with plant medicine. resources of different tribes and communities in Western Ghats of India by various Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. researchers were done. The literatures consist working plan of Kudermukh National Park, Common name – Rosewood, Family- research papers in journals, contributed Fabaceae chapters in book and books available online, Pharmacognostical evaluation and in the Ethnomedicinal uses Library of Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru and Library of The bark is used in traditional medicine in Department of Forestry, IGKV, Raipur. This India, to treat diarrhoea, indigestion and review paper describes Ethnomedicinal (the leprosy, and as a vermifuge. medicinal usages of plants in the treatments of different ailments of human being) uses of Spondias mangifera Willd. important tree species are mentioned. Common name- Indian hog plum, Wild Ethnomedicinal use of different tree species mango, Family-Anacardiaceae in Kudermukh National Park Ethnomedicinal use Systematic descriptions The bark is rubifacient and is being used in Lagerstroemia lanceolata Wall. Indian indigenous medicine over painful joints. Its paste is utilized as an embrocation Common name: Nandi tree Family- for the both articular and muscular Lythraceae 3478 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 3477-3490 rheumatisms. It is refrigerant, aromatic and are emmenagogue. astringent too which is given to prevent Canarium strictum Roxb. vomiting and is used in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea. is also used in the Common name- Black dammar Family- treatment of infectious diseases such as Burseraeae bronchitis, dysentery, ulcer, diarrhea and skin diseases. Ethnomedicinal use Calophyllum elatum Wall ex. Choisy Canarium strictum exudates a resin called as „Sambrani‟ or „Dammar‟ which has medicinal Common name- Poonspar tree, sirpoon tree, as well as commercial uses. It‟s mostly used Family-Clusiaceae among tribal and folk people for medicinal purposes and also used in Siddha system of Ethnomedicinal use medicine. The resin powder is given orally to cure rheumatism, fever, cough, asthma, Oil from calophyllum genus plants hasanti- epilepsy, chronic skin disorders, syphilis, and inflammatory and antibacterial properties. hernia and also helps to improve complexion Seed oil rubefacient, irritant, vermifuge used Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. for ring worm ad rheumatism. Common name -Warty marble tree, Family- Holigarna grahmii WightKurz Elaeocarpaceae Common name- Blistering varnish tree, Ethnomedicinal uses Family- Anacardiaceae Rudraksha beads users have repeatedly Ethnomedicinal use confirmed the medicinal properties such as dielectrical energy and permanent magnetic In Ayurveda, the plant is believed to be properties, controls heart beat and has a helpful in treatment of inflammation, arthritis, positive effect on blood pressure, stress, hemorrhoids, obesity, tumor, cancer, and skin anxiety, depression, palpitations and lack of diseases. concentration Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottl. &Willd. Elaeocarpus bark have been known to possess antimicrobial anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic Common name- Mountain Cedar Indian activities. Different parts of rudraksha were cedar, Family- Meliaceae taken for the alleviation of various health related problems such as mental disorders, Ethnomedicinal use headache, skin diseases and for healing wounds. The bark is used for stomachic, Various parts of the plant are used antibilious problem. medicinally throughout its geographical range. Bischofia javanica Blume The bark is a powerful astringent, febrifuge, Common name-Bishop wood, Family- tonic, and antiperiodic. It is used to treat Phyllanthaceae chronic dysentery and wounds. The flowers 3479 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 3477-3490 Ethnomedicinal use Cinnamomum malabathrum Burm.f. The plant has been shown has been shown to Common name: Wild Cinnamomum, Family- have antiulcer, anthelmintic and Lauraceae antidysenteric activities. The fresh bark is used to treat aching stomachs. The sap of the Ethnomedicinal uses bark, mixed with lime, is used to treat sore feet. The crushed leaves are rubbed onto an It is used for treating wounds, fevers, aching stomach. intestinal worms, headaches and menstrual problems. The plant is also used for treatment Myristica malabarica Lam. of some tumours. The bark is used in the treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints such Common name- Malabar nutmeg, Famliy- as dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhoea and Myristicaceae vomiting. Ethnomedicinal uses The leaves are carminative. They are used in the treatment of colic and rheumatism. They The seeds are astringent. They are roasted, are sweetish and heating, making them useful ground into powder and used in the treatment in vata, scabies, disease of the anus and of diarrhea. The oil from the seed is used as rectum, tridosha, piles and heart troubles. The an ointment to treat ulcers, ease rheumatism dried buds are used with various and allay pain. Both the aril and the seeds combinations in the treatment of cough and have been roasted, along with unripe plantains urinary disease. The stem bark extract has and a little opium, in order to cure dysentery. been shown to possess a protective effect against tumours. Litsea lam Garcinia gummigutta L.N. Robson Common name-Listea, Family–Lauraceae Common name- Malabar tamarind, Family- Ethnomedicinal use Clusiaceae It includes antibacterial, antifungal, acaricidal, Ethnomedicinal uses insecticidal, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The plant
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