The Effect of Antibacterial Agents Triclosan and N-Alkyl on E. Coli Viability
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Chemical Disinfectants for Biohazardous Materials (3/21)
Safe Operating Procedure (Revised 3/21) CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS FOR BIOHAZARDOUS MATERIALS ____________________________________________________________________________ Chemicals used for biohazardous decontamination are called sterilizers, disinfectants, sanitizers, antiseptics and germicides. These terms are sometimes equivalent, but not always, but for the purposes of this document all the chemicals described herein are disinfectants. The efficacy of every disinfectant is based on several factors: 1) organic load (the amount of dirt and other contaminants on the surface), 2) microbial load, 3) type of organism, 4) condition of surfaces to be disinfected (i.e., porous or nonporous), and 5) disinfectant concentration, pH, temperature, contact time and environmental humidity. These factors determine if the disinfectant is considered a high, intermediate or low-level disinfectant, in that order. Prior to selecting a specific disinfectant, consider the relative resistance of microorganisms. The following table provides information regarding chemical disinfectant resistance of various biological agents. Microbial Resistance to Chemical Disinfectants: Type of Microbe Examples Resistant Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Prions Cow) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Bacillus subtilis; Clostridium sporogenes, Bacterial Spores Clostridioides difficile Mycobacterium bovis, M. terrae, and other Mycobacteria Nontuberculous mycobacterium Poliovirus; Coxsackievirus; Rhinovirus; Non-enveloped or Small Viruses Adenovirus Trichophyton spp.; Cryptococcus sp.; -
EH&S COVID-19 Chemical Disinfectant Safety Information
COVID-19 CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Updated June 24, 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of disinfection products used throughout UW departments. This document provides general information about EPA-registered disinfectants, such as potential health hazards and personal protective equipment recommendations, for the commonly used disinfectants at the UW. Chemical Disinfectant Base / Category Products Potential Hazards Controls ● Ethyl alcohol Highly flammable and could form explosive Disposable nitrile gloves Alcohols ● ● vapor/air mixtures. ● Use in well-ventilated areas away from o Clorox 4 in One Disinfecting Spray Ready-to-Use ● May react violently with strong oxidants. ignition sources ● Alcohols may de-fat the skin and cause ● Wear long sleeve shirt and pants ● Isopropyl alcohol dermatitis. ● Closed toe shoes o Isopropyl Alcohol Antiseptic ● Inhalation of concentrated alcohol vapor 75% Topical Solution, MM may cause irritation of the respiratory tract (Ready to Use) and effects on the central nervous system. o Opti-Cide Surface Wipes o Powell PII Disinfectant Wipes o Super Sani Cloth Germicidal Wipe 201 Hall Health Center, Box 354400, Seattle, WA 98195-4400 206.543.7262 ᅵ fax 206.543.3351ᅵ www.ehs.washington.edu ● Formaldehyde Formaldehyde in gas form is extremely Disposable nitrile gloves for Aldehydes ● ● flammable. It forms explosive mixtures with concentrations 10% or less ● Paraformaldehyde air. ● Medium or heavyweight nitrile, neoprene, ● Glutaraldehyde ● It should only be used in well-ventilated natural rubber, or PVC gloves for ● Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) areas. concentrated solutions ● The chemicals are irritating, toxic to humans ● Protective clothing to minimize skin upon contact or inhalation of high contact concentrations. -
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Catalog Number: 102918, 190522, 194831, 198957, 811030, 811032, 811033, 811034, 811036 Sodium dodecyl sulfate Structure: Molecular Formula: C12H25NaSO4 Molecular Weight: 288.38 CAS #: 151-21-3 Synonyms: SDS; Lauryl sulfate sodium salt; Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt; Dodecyl sodium sulfate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt Physical Appearance: White granular powder Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC): 8.27 mM (Detergents with high CMC values are generally easy to remove by dilution; detergents with low CMC values are advantageous for separations on the basis of molecular weight. As a general rule, detergents should be used at their CMC and at a detergent-to-protein weight ratio of approximately ten. 13,14 Aggregation Number: 62 Solubility: Soluble in water (200 mg/ml - clear, faint yellow solution), and ethanol (0.1g/10 ml) Description: An anionic detergent3 typically used to solubilize8 and denature proteins for electrophoresis.4,5 SDS has also been used in large-scale phenol extraction of RNA to promote the dissociation of protein from nucleic acids when extracting from biological material.12 Most proteins bind SDS in a ratio of 1.4 grams SDS to 1 gram protein. The charges intrinsic to the protein become insignificant compared to the overall negative charge provided by the bound SDS. The charge to mass ratio is essentially the same for each protein and will migrate in the gel based only on protein size. Typical Working Concentration: > 10 mg SDS/mg protein Typical Buffer Compositions: SDS Electrophoresis -
For Peer Review Only - Page 1 of 27 BMJ Open
BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010387 on 4 April 2016. Downloaded from FALSIFIED MEDICINES IN PERU: A Retrospective Review (1997-2014). ForJournal: peerBMJ Open review only Manuscript ID bmjopen-2015-010387 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 27-Oct-2015 Complete List of Authors: Medina, Edwin; University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Bel, Elvira; University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Suñé, Josep María; University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology <b>Primary Subject Public health Heading</b>: Secondary Subject Heading: Global health, Epidemiology, Health policy, Health services research Keywords: Safety, Falsified, Medicines, Alerts, counterfeit, Drugs http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. For peer review only - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/guidelines.xhtml Page 1 of 27 BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010387 on 4 April 2016. Downloaded from 1 2 3 FALSIFIED MEDICINES IN PERU: A Retrospective Review (1997-2014). 4 5 6 7 Authors: Edwin Medina1, Elvira Bel1, Josep María Suñé1 8 9 10 11 12 Affiliations: 13 14 15 1. DepartmentFor of peerPharmacy and review Pharmaceutical onlyTechnology, Faculty of 16 Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain 17 18 19 20 Corresponding author: 21 22 Edwin Salvador Medina Vargas 23 24 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology 25 Faculty of Pharmacy 26 University of Barcelona 27 Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona 28 29 Spain 30 Email: [email protected] 31 32 33 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ 34 Keywords: Safety, Falsified, Medicines, Alerts, counterfeit, Drugs 35 36 37 38 39 Word Count 40 41 Abstract: 298 on September 24, 2021 by guest. -
Hydroxy- -Methylbutyrate (Hmb)
(19) *EP003373740B1* (11) EP 3 373 740 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A23K 10/10 (2016.01) A23L 33/10 (2016.01) 24.02.2021 Bulletin 2021/08 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 16864978.8 PCT/US2016/061278 (22) Date of filing: 10.11.2016 (87) International publication number: WO 2017/083487 (18.05.2017 Gazette 2017/20) (54) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE OF -HYDROXY- -METHYLBUTYRATE (HMB) AS AN ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVE ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN UND VERFAHREN ZUR VERWENDUNG VON BETA-HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRAT (HMB) ALS FUTTERZUSATZ COMPOSITIONS ET PROCÉDÉS D’UTILISATION DE -HYDROXY- -MÉTHYLBUTYRATE (HMB) COMME ADDITIF D’ALIMENT POUR ANIMAUX (84) Designated Contracting States: • BAIER, Shawn AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB Polk City, Iowa 50226 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR (74) Representative: Evans, Jacqueline Gail Victoria Marches Intellectual Property Limited (30) Priority: 10.11.2015 US 201562253428 P Wyastone Business Park Wyastone Leys (43) Date of publication of application: Ganarew 19.09.2018 Bulletin 2018/38 Monmouth NP25 3SR (GB) (73) Proprietor: Metabolic Technologies, Inc. (56) References cited: Ames, IA 50010 (US) WO-A1-2004/037010 US-A- 5 028 440 US-A- 5 087 472 US-A- 5 087 472 (72) Inventors: US-A- 6 103 764 US-A1- 2014 249 223 • FULLER, John US-A1- 2015 025 145 Zearing, Iowa 50278 (US) • RATHMACHER, John Story City, Iowa 50248 (US) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. -
Tutorial on Working with Micelles and Other Model Membranes
Tutorial on Working with Micelles and Model Membranes Chuck Sanders Dept. of Biochemistry, Dept. of Medicine, and Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. http://structbio.vanderbilt.edu/sanders/ March, 2017 There are two general classes of membrane proteins. This presentation is on working with integral MPs, which traditionally could be removed from the membrane only by dissolving the membrane with detergents or organic solvents. Multilamellar Vesicles: onion-like assemblies. Each layer is one bilayer. A thin layer of water separates each bilayer. MLVs are what form when lipid powders are dispersed in water. They form spontaneously. Cryo-EM Micrograph of a Multilamellar Vesicle (K. Mittendorf, C. Sanders, and M. Ohi) Unilamellar Multilamellar Vesicle Vesicle Advances in Anesthesia 32(1):133-147 · 2014 Energy from sonication, physical manipulation (such as extrusion by forcing MLV dispersions through filters with fixed pore sizes), or some other high energy mechanism is required to convert multilayered bilayer assemblies into unilamellar vesicles. If the MLVs contain a membrane protein then you should worry about whether the protein will survive these procedures in folded and functional form. Vesicles can also be prepared by dissolving lipids using detergents and then removing the detergent using BioBeads-SM dialysis, size exclusion chromatography or by diluting the solution to below the detergent’s critical micelle concentration. These are much gentler methods that a membrane protein may well survive with intact structure and function. From: Avanti Polar Lipids Catalog Bilayers can undergo phase transitions at a critical temperature, Tm. Native bilayers are usually in the fluid (liquid crystalline) phase. -
Amoxicillin in Water: Insights Into Relative Reactivity, Byproduct Formation, and Toxicological Interactions During Chlorination
applied sciences Article Amoxicillin in Water: Insights into Relative Reactivity, Byproduct Formation, and Toxicological Interactions during Chlorination Antonietta Siciliano 1 , Marco Guida 1 , Giovanni Libralato 1 , Lorenzo Saviano 1, Giovanni Luongo 2 , Lucio Previtera 3, Giovanni Di Fabio 2 and Armando Zarrelli 2,* 1 Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (L.S.) 2 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (G.D.F.) 3 Associazione Italiana per la Promozione delle Ricerche su Ambiente e Salute umana, 82030 Dugenta, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-08-167-4472 Abstract: In recent years, many studies have highlighted the consistent finding of amoxicillin in waters destined for wastewater treatment plants, in addition to superficial waters of rivers and lakes in both Europe and North America. In this paper, the amoxicillin degradation pathway was investigated by simulating the chlorination process normally used in a wastewater treatment plant to reduce similar emerging pollutants at three different pH values. The structures of 16 isolated Citation: Siciliano, A.; Guida, M.; degradation byproducts (DPs), one of which was isolated for the first time, were separated on a Libralato, G.; Saviano, L.; Luongo, G.; C-18 column via a gradient HPLC method. Combining mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic Previtera, L.; Di Fabio, G.; Zarrelli, A. resonance, we then compared commercial standards and justified a proposed formation mechanism Amoxicillin in Water: Insights into beginning from the parent drug. -
HIV-2 BLOT 1.2 Instructions for Use
HIV-2 BLOT 1.2 Instructions For Use FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES REVISION DATE: 2017/05 Note Changes Highlighted MAC0012-ENG-1 (18 Tests): 11022-018 (36 Tests): 11022-036 NAME AND INTENDED USE The MP DIAGNOSTICS HIV-2 BLOT 1.2 is a qualitative enzyme immunoassay for in-vitro detection of specific antibodies to HIV-2 in human serum or plasma. This test kit is supplied for research purposes only. It is not intended for use in the diagnosis or prognosis of disease. In particular, this test cannot be used to evaluate blood specimens for the purposes of donor screening or as a confirmatory diagnostic. INTRODUCTION The MP Diagnostics HIV-2 BLOT 1.2 kit is intended as a supplemental antibody assay for Research Use Only. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) infection was first described in 1985 in asymptomatic prostitutes from Senegal. The virus was subsequently isolated in 1986 from patients with AIDS-like symptoms in Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde. HIV-2 is related to, but distinct from HIV-1, the prototype AIDS virus. As such HIV-2 has many molecular, biological and serological similarities with HIV-1. Reports have shown that the infection is not limited to Africa and that HIV-2 seropositive individuals have been identified in Europe and the United States. DESCRIPTIONS OF SYMBOLS USED The following are graphical symbols used in or found on MP Diagnostics products and packaging. These symbols are the most common ones appearing on medical devices and their packaging. Some of the common symbols are explained in more detail in European Standard BS EN 980:2008 and International Standard ISO 15223-1:2007. -
Sodium Hypochlorite
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE What is SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE? Sodium hypochlorite is a liquid with an odor of chlorine. Usually it is clear but some solutions are greenish to yellow in color. Other names for sodium hypochlorite include Clorox , bleach, liquid bleach, sodium oxychloride, Javex, antiformin, showchlon, Chlorox, B-K, Carrel-Dakin Solution, Chloros, Dakin’s Solution, hychlorite, Javelle Water, Mera Industries 2MOm≥B, Milton, modified Dakin’s Solution, Piochlor, and 13% active chlorine. Where can sodium hypochlorite be found and how is it used? Sodium hypochlorite is mainly used as a bleaching agent or disinfectant. A disinfectant kills bacteria that can carry diseases. It is found in consumer and commercial bleaches, cleaning solutions, and disinfectants for drinking water, wastewater and swimming pools. How can people be exposed to sodium hypochlorite? You could be exposed to sodium hypochlorite through: Breathing fumes while using products containing sodium hypochlorite. Drinking water from public drinking water supplies where these chemicals were added to kill bacteria. You could also be exposed by drinking sodium hypochlorite by accident. Touching sodium hypochlorite if gloves are not worn when using products containing it. Eye Contact by splashing sodium hypochlorite during use. People who work where sodium hypochlorite is used to bleach paper and textiles may have slightly higher levels of exposure in all of the above areas. How does sodium hypochlorite work and how can it affect my health? Sodium hypochlorite is a corrosive substance, meaning that it will eat away at materials it contacts. Accidental sodium hypochlorite poisoning can be deadly. Severe injuries can occur to the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. -
Cleaning and Sanitizing I. Cleaning 2 Types Of
Cleaning and Sanitizing CLEANING AND SANITIZING I. CLEANING 2 TYPES OF CLEANING COMPOUNDS 2 PROPERTIES OF A CLEANER 2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT CLEANING EFFICIENCY 2 CLEANING OPERATION 3 II. SANITIZING 4 HEAT 4 CHEMICAL SANITIZERS 5 FACTORS AFFECTING SANITIZING 7 III. DISHWASHING MACHINES 8 HOT WATER SANITIZING 8 CHEMICAL SANITIZING 9 REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL DISHWASHING OPERATION 10 CHECKING A DISHMACHINE 10 COMMON PROBLEMS 12 IV. DEFINITIONS: 14 V. QUIZ 16 VI. ANSWER KEY TO QUIZ 18 VII. REFERENCES: 18 1 Cleaning and Sanitizing This section is presented primarily for information. The only information the BETC participant will be responsible for is to know the sanitization standards for chemical and hot water sanitizing as found in the Rules for Food Establishment Sanitation. CLEANING AND SANITIZING I. CLEANING Cleaning is a process which will remove soil and prevent accumulation of food residues which may decompose or support the growth of disease causing organisms or the production of toxins. Listed below are the five basic types of cleaning compounds and their major functions: 1. Basic Alkalis - Soften the water (by precipitation of the hardness ions), and saponify fats (the chemical reaction between an alkali and a fat in which soap is produced). 2. Complex Phosphates - Emulsify fats and oils, disperse and suspend oils, peptize proteins, soften water by sequestering, and provide rinsability characteristics without being corrosive. 3 Surfactant - (Wetting Agents) Emulsify fats, disperse fats, provide wetting properties, form suds, and provide rinsability characteristics without being corrosive. 4. Chelating - (Organic compounds) Soften the water by sequestering, prevent mineral deposits, and peptize proteins without being corrosive. -
Kinetic Studies on Oxidative Dissolution of Elemental Mercury in Aqueous Sodium Hypochlorite
International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 2016 Kinetic Studies on Oxidative Dissolution of Elemental Mercury in Aqueous Sodium Hypochlorite S. Bandyopadhyay, S. Chakraborty, D. B. Zaini, and S. Bhattacharjee mercury and second order reaction kinetics was observed Abstract—Aqueous sodium hypochlorite is often used to between elemental mercury and free chlorine. detoxify solid wastes containing elemental mercury and its Solid wastes are often treated with aqueous sodium compounds by oxidative dissolution of mercury in the form of a hypochlorite to remove mercury and its compounds. Brine soluble mercurochloro complex. Experiments were conducted to estimate global kinetics and interfacial mass transfer mud of a chlor-alkali industry containing elemental mercury parameters of the reaction between elemental mercury and and its salts is a solid waste and is usually dumped off-site in a aqueous sodium hypochlorite. The reaction did not conform to lined pond. Sometimes this brine mud is treated with aqueous either pure mass transfer or pure instantaneous reaction sodium hypochlorite to remove toxic mercury from the sludge. regimes. The order and activation energy of the reaction were This is a solid-liquid reaction and involves mass transfer of -1 estimated to be 1.168 and 13.48 kJ mol respectively. mercury from the solid matrix into a liquid phase. Sizeneva et Experimental data on reaction enhancement factors may be used al. [10] studied oxidative dissolution of Hg0 in NaOCl at pH for design of an industrial solid waste detoxification reactor. 0 0 5.9, 6.5, 6.9 and 8.5 at 25 C and 50 C. -
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (CAS No
Environmental Risk Assessment LAS Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (CAS No. 68411-30-3) Revised ENVIRONMENTAL Aspect of the HERA Report = February 2013 = 1 1. Contents 2. Executive summary 3. Substance characterisation 3.1 CAS No. and grouping information 3.2 Chemical structure and composition 3.3 Manufacturing route and production/volume statistics 3.4 Consumption scenario in Europe 3.5 Use application summary 4. Environmental safety assessment 4.1 Environmental exposure assessment 4.1.1 Biotic and abiotic degradability 4.1.2 Removal 4.1.3 Monitoring studies 4.1.4 Exposure assessment: scenario description 4.1.5 Substance data used for the exposure calculation 4.1.6 PEC calculations 4.1.7 Bioconcentration 4.2 Environmental effects assessment 4.2.1 Ecotoxicity 4.2.1.1 Aquatic ecotoxicity 4.2.1.2 Terrestrial ecotoxicity 4.2.1.3 Sediment ecotoxicity 4.2.1.4 Ecotoxicity to sewage microorganisms 4.2.1.5 Reassurance on absence of estrogenic effects 4.2.2 PNEC calculations 4.2.2.1 Aquatic PNEC 4.2.2.2 Terrestrial PNEC 4.2.2.3 Sludge PNEC 4.2.2.4 Sediment PNEC 4.2.2.5 STP PNEC 4.3 Environment risk assessment 5. 5. References 6. Contributors to the report 6.1 Substance team 6.2 HERA environmental task force 6.3 HERA human health task force 6.4 Industry coalition for the OECD/ICCA SIDS assessment of LAS 2 2. Executive Summary Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant. It was introduced in 1964 as the readily biodegradable replacement for highly branched alkylbenzene sulphonates (ABS).