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MESSAGELABS INTELLIGENCE MESSAGELABS INTELLIGENCE JUNE 2010 As the FIFA World Cup Kicks-off, Scams, Malware and Spam Attacks Intensify Welcome to the June edition of the MessageLabs Intelligence monthly report. This report provides the latest threat trends for June 2010 to keep you informed regarding the ongoing fight against viruses, spam, spyware and other unwelcome content. REPORT HIGHLIGHTS • Spam – 89.3% in June (a decrease of 0.9 percentage points since May) • Viruses – One in 276.4 emails in June contained malware (a decrease of 0.11 percentage points since May) • Phishing – One in 634.4 emails comprised a phishing attack (a decrease of 0.26 percentage points since May) • Malicious websites – 1,598 websites blocked per day (a decrease of 9.7% since May) • 30.3% of all malicious domains blocked were new in June (a decrease of 1.8 percentage points since May) • 12.5% of all web-based malware blocked was new in June (an increase of 0.1 percentage points since May) • MessageLabs Intelligence looks at why spam containing FIFA World Cup related messages is expected to increase as the competition continues ww w . m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m in f o @ m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m MESSAGELABS INTELLIGENCE REPORT ANALYSIS Spam containing FIFA World Cup related messages is expected to increase as the competition continues With the 2010 Soccer World Cup in progress, the organisations behind spam, scams and malicious attacks are poised to take full advantage of the world event and cash in on the excitement that surrounds it. Traditionally, notable holidays such as St. Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving, Halloween and Christmas all receive a great deal of attention from the spammers. Newsworthy events, including celebrity deaths and natural disasters as well as major sporting activities are also popular themes, and the FIFA World Cup is no exception. Typically, the attackers seek to capture the attention of the victim, and entice them to take some action such as clicking on a link, which usually results in a successful attack. In spam, it is common to see newsworthy, sensational or even fabricated events, appear in the subject lines of spam emails, even when the message itself isn’t related to that event. Ultimately it serves as a way for spammers to get recipients to open the email and read the contents. A large proportion of spam featuring newsworthy events is related to selling some product, most frequently pharmaceutical or counterfeit watches and jewellery. But, newsworthy events are also a great opportunity for scammers who have nothing to sell to still get attention. Riding on the wave of expectation and excitement that surrounds the FIFA World Cup, scammers are constantly crafting a variety of attacks to convince unfortunate victims to part with their money. The graph shows the percentage of spam that contains at least one keyword1 related to the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It has been increasing dramatically during the last two months during the build up to the main event, as seen in figure 1. 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% t t t r r r r r c c y v v n n b b c c c a a p p p a e e a a o o e e J J O O O A A A F F D D M M N N M 7 1 1 5 9 1 5 9 4 8 0 4 4 8 6 2 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 Figure 1: Trend in spam messages referring to football and soccer related keywords Almost without fail, spammers produce campaigns containing text that is related to practically every major newsworthy event. Spammers commonly use the following three approaches to exploit newsworthy events: 1 Keywords include variations of both “soccer” and “football,” as well as many other related words. For example, “soccer” is popularly used to refer to the sport within North America, and “football” is more common across Europe. 2 ww w . m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m in f o @ m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m MESSAGELABS INTELLIGENCE Zeitgeist: Taping into the Zeitgeist While spammers often continue to re-send the same spam campaigns, they include the latest news headlines either in the subject line or somewhere in the body to grab the attention of the recipient and increase the likelihood of the message being opened. Such campaigns tend be large in volume, and the headlines are almost certainly gathered automatically, using highly specialized spam tools that collect the latest news headlines from topical websites across the Internet. Therefore a given headline can appear very quickly in spam email very soon after the news breaks. A huge wave of pharmaceutical spam MessageLabs Intelligence recently analyzed exemplifies this approach. It included the following subjects: Subject: 20-hour wait in World Cup ticket line abidingly Subject: Are English soccer clubs worth buying? abbrev Subject: English soccer clubs worth buying? aggregating Subject: Football: Advocaat quits Belgium role admixtion Subject: Football: Alves sent off in Barca draw acromegalia Subject: Football: Americans to sell Liverpool adore Subject: Football: Argentine giants in decline adverting Subject: Football: Bayern lose Ribery appeal acclimatizer Subject: Football: Bayern smash seven goals adipolytic Subject: Football: Bayern win Bundesliga title acers Subject: Football: Bids race on for World Cups abyssobenthonic Subject: Football: Butt earns Germany call-up afara Subject: Football: Captain Adebayor quits Togo acylate Subject: Football: Chelsea close on title affectively Subject: Football: Chelsea four points clear acronymize Subject: Football: Defeat dents Arsenal's hopes admeasure Subject: Football: Eight-goal Chelsea claim title abo Subject: Football: European semis to go ahead advocatrice Subject: Football: Iniesta blow for Barcelona afterwash Subject: Football: Inter fight back to stun Barca ablator Subject: Football: Inter Milan win Italian Cup adoperation Subject: Football: Inter on course for treble actual Subject: Football: Inter stay on top in Serie A accorporate Subject: Football: Liverpool's losses mount agricultures Subject: Football: Lyon target win over Bayern abortional Subject: Football: Mandela welcomes trophy aetheogamous Subject: Football: Man dies in WC ticket queue acrylyl Subject: Football: Messi double boosts Barca albuginea Subject: Football: Milan coach Leonardo quits agral Subject: Football: Premier League cash grows actual Subject: Football: Real Madrid cut Barca's lead agitations Subject: Football: Ronaldo winner boosts Real aggradational Subject: Football: Spurs stun 10-man Chelsea affluence Subject: Football: Togo's ANC ban to be lifted albumens Subject: Football: Torres targets World Cup aition 3 ww w . m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m in f o @ m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m MESSAGELABS INTELLIGENCE Subject: Football: Tottenham win worth $75M airbill Subject: SA braces for World Cup beer battle adaption These mails may look football related, but in fact they are headlines scraped from one of hundreds of news sites, for example: • http://www.newsride.net/english/2010/04/football-bayern-smash-seven-goals/ • http://topics.treehugger.com/article/0bjO6jd9gY3d3 • http://www.onenewspage.com/news/Sports/20100502/10608732/Football-Ronaldo- winner-boosts-Real.htm To make the emails more unique the spammers add a random word at the end of each subject. This allows them to turn a few news headlines into potentially millions of subject variants. The email itself simply contains an image, which links to the well-known “Canadian Pharmacy2” website. On a typical day, approximately 80% of all spam is pharmaceutical, and the majority of that is related to the “Canadian Pharmacy” variety (which doesn’t necessarily relate to the country of Canada). Each day, billions of emails with rapidly varying subjects, such as these, are being sent. An example can be seen in figure 2. Figure 2: Example of spam ad containing football related keywords in the subject The example of pharmaceutical spam seen in figure 2 contains hyperlinks to websites under the control of the “Canadian Pharmacy” operation, such as that seen in figure 3. 2 For more information on “Canadian Pharmacy” spam and other related spam operations, visit the MessageLabs Intelligence blog at: http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/new-pharmacy-spam-brand-spotted 4 ww w . m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m in f o @ m e s s a g e l a b s . c o m MESSAGELABS INTELLIGENCE Figure 3: Typical example of a Canadian Pharmacy website This spam run was sent from the Cutwail botnet, one of the largest spamming botnets in operation at the moment. MessageLabs Intelligence currently estimates that Cutwail sends 3.8 million spam emails globally every minute, using 490-730 thousand infected PCs (or bots). Poison: Pick Your Poison The spammers frequently send the same old spam campaigns, but include large passages of text harvested from news websites (or sometimes from other websites, such as blogs), to act as anti-spam “poison” in the body of the mail message. This is intended to confuse signature-based or Bayesian anti-spam tools, and may also seek to obstruct attempts at tracking different types of spam. MessageLabs Intelligence tracked some examples using this technique that was related to the earthquake in Haiti. The approach is similar in many ways to zeitgeist techniques described earlier, where the text is included in the body of the email, rather than the subject. An example of random text being scraped from news sites and used to poison spam can be seen in these subjects: Subject: Hallo, dear kiminorii.