Calder 241 Calder rarest books in three papers contributed to any part of the ministerial function. When ' ' ' i. a the Gentleman's Magazine for 1834 (pt. new edition of the Cyclopaedia' of Cham- of bers pp. 59, 195, 284). Caldecott had views was proposed, he was engaged as ten- his own on Shakespearean editing. Dibdin tative editor, and besides drawing out a describes him as ' the last of the old breed of plan wrote some articles. One of the articles Shakespearean commentators of the school was submitted to Dr. Johnson, who excised of Johnson and Steevens,' and he certainly large portions, expressing the opinion at the had characteristic contempt for Malone, Stee- same time that the 'redundance' was not ' ' ' vens, and the Shakespearean scholars of his the result of inability but of superfluous own day. After many years' labour he pub- diligence.' In the discussion which ensued lished privately in 1832 a volume containing with the publisher, Calder, in the opinion of ' ' like elaborate Dr. Hamlet' and As you it,' with Johnson, displayed an improper degree ' notes. This was intended to be the first in- of turbulence and impatience,' and, declin- stalment of a final edition of Shakespeare. ing to accede to the wishes of the publisher, But the compilation proved singularly feeble was deprived of the editorship, which was and was not continued. Caldecott was well conferred on Dr. Rees. In 1776 Calder drew ' ' acquainted with honest Tom Warton and up a plan of a periodical work called the Bishop Percy, and entered heartily into the 'Selector.' He also projected a 'Foreign In- former's quarrel with Ritson, whom he styles telligencer.' While at Alnwick he made the ' in a letter to Percy that scurrilous miscreant.' acquaintance of Thomas Percy, afterwards of whom he assisted in viii. Martin's bishop Dromore, pre- [Nichols's Illustrations, 372-3 ; a new edition of the ' ' Privately Printed Books, 304; Gent. Mag. 1833, paring Tatler,' Spec- and ' with illus- i. i. i84 Brit. tator, Guardian,' notes and pt. p. 573, 1834, pt. pp. 59, 195, ; trations. When Calder removed to Mus. Cat.] S. L. L. London, the materials collected by Percy were relin- CALDER, JAMES TAIT (1794 P-1864), quished into his hands, and afterwards used author of the of was 'History Caithness,' in various editions of these works published born at the of Caithness. ' ' village Castletown, by Nichols, especially the Tatler published He studied at the university of Edinburgh, in 6 vols. in 1786, in which Annotator means and, after acting for some time as private Calder. In 1789 he translated from the in the house of the Rev. Mr. at ' tutor Gunn French Courayer's Declaration of his last Caithness, became parish teacher at Canisbay. Sentiments on the different Doctrines of Re- In 1842 he at Wick 'Sketches published ligion,' to which he prefixed a memoir of o' Groat's in Prose and ' from John Verse,' Courayer. To the new edition of the Bio- contained an on ' which interesting chapter graphia Britannica he contributed an elabo- 'Ancient and Customs in Caith- Superstitions rate article on the Courten family. About ness.' In 1846 he issued a volume of poems 1789 he removed from Furnival's Inn to ' Soldier's from the name entitled The Bride,' Croydcn, where he formed an intimacy with in the book. His ' Sketch of the largest poem Dr. Apthorp, of whom he contributed to Ni- of the Civil and Traditional of Caith- History chols several interesting particulars which ' ness from the Tenth Century,' published in were inserted in Literary Anecdotes.' He is a work of undoubted in which 1861, merit, formed an extensive library, especially of he has made admirable use of the materials classical and numismatic works, and also are less full than in available, although they possessed a large cabinet of Greek and Roman the case of most other counties. He died coins. His last years were spent at Lis- 15 at Elwick Bank, Shapinshay, on Jan. son Grove, London, where he died 10 June 1864. 1815.

Herald, 19 Jan. T. F. H. ix. &c. Nichols's [Orkney 1864.] [Nichols's Lit. Anecd. 805, ; Gent. Illustr. of Lit. iv. 799-848, &c. ; Mag. D.D. CALDER, JOHN, (1733-1815), Ixxxv. (1815), 564.] T. F. H. author, was a native of Aberdeen, and edu- cated at the university there. At an early CALDER, ROBERT (1650 P-1723), period he obtained the patronage of the Duke clergyman of the Scottish episcopalian church, of Northumberland, who employed him as was a native of Elgin, and was born about private secretary both at Alnwick Castle and 1650. He was educated at the university was in London. Subsequently he for some time and King's College, Aberdeen. He pre- in the had charge of the library bequeathed by Dr. sented to the parish of Neuthorn on 13 Williams for the special use of nonconform- presbytery of Kelso in 1689, but Sept. ing clergy, and he also officiated at a meet- of the same year was deprived for refusing ing-house near the Tower. On resigning this to read the proclamation of the estates de- charge he declined to exercise for the future claring William and Mary king and queen VOL. Till. Calder 242 Calder

of Works of of England, and for having prayed for King Faculty Advocates, Edinburgh ; T. F. H. James. In 1693, according to his own ac- Calder.] count, he was for some time imprisoned in the common gaol of Edinburgh for exercising CALDER, SIR ROBERT (1745-1818), his ministerial functions. On receiving his admiral, directly descended from the Calders liberty he went to Aberdeen, where he offi- of Muirtown in Morayshire, was the fourth ciated in his own house, using the Book of son of Sir James Calder, bart., who had Common Prayer. On the order shortly after settled in Kent, and who in 1761 was ap- the union to shut up all episcopal chapels in pointed by Lord Bute to be gentleman-usher Scotland he was compelled to leave Aber- of the privy chamber to the queen. His deen, and went to Elgin, where he officiated mother was Alice, daughter of Admiral for some time. To obstruct his celebration Robert Hughes. In 1759 he entered the of the Lord's Supper on Easter day 1707, navy on board the Chesterfield, with Captain he was summoned before the privy council Sawyer, whom he followed to the Active, and at Edinburgh on Good Friday. Not com- thus participated in the capture of the Spa- plying he was sentenced to be banished from nish register-ship Hermione on 21 May 1762, Elgin under a severe penalty should he re- probably the richest prize on record, even a turn within twelve miles of the city. He midshipman's share amounting to 1,800/. On now settled at Edinburgh, where he officiated 31 Aug. 1762 he was made lieutenant. On to a congregation in Toddrick's Wynd. During 27 Aug. 1780 he was advanced to the rank his incumbency in Edinburgh he engaged in of post-captain, and during the next three a keen controversy with the Rev. John An- years successively commanded the Buffalo, derson, minister of Dumbarton, regarding Diana, and Thalia, all on the home station. whom he advertised the intention of preach- The Thalia was paid off at the peace, and ing a sermon, with the view to proving that Calder had no further employment till the ' he was one of the grossest liars that ever outbreak of the revolutionary war, when he put pen to paper.' He died on 28 May 1723, was appointed to the Theseus of 74 guns for aged 73. He was the reputed author of service in the Channel. In 1796, when Sir ' Scottish Presbyterian Eloquence displayed,' John Jervis was appointed commander-in- 1693, a collection of citations intended to chief in the Mediterranean, Calder was ap- in expose the irreverent liberties indulged by pointed captain of the fleet, and served in that the presbyterians in their prayers and ser- capacity at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, ' mons. In 1713 he published Miscellany after which he carried home the admiral's Numbers relating to the Controversie about despatches, and was knighted, 3 March 1797. the Book of Common Prayer, Episcopal Go- It has been positively stated, by writers in a vernment,' &c., forty numbers appearing suc- position to know the opinions of the day, that ' cessively. He was also the author of Three the despatches, as first written, gave very high ' Single Sermons,' 1701 : Reasons for Tolera- praise to Commodore Nelson for his conduct ' tion to the 1703 : in the action but at the instance of Episcopal Clergie (anon.), ; that, ' ' The Divine Right of Episcopacy (anon.), Calder, they were modified, and the name of ' Letter to a. Nonconformist Minister Nelson left out. The 1705 ; story is, however, mere of the 1705 ' The Lawfulness and Calder Nelson in- Kirk,' ; hearsay. and were never of Set Forms of 1706 but there does not to Expediency Prayer,' ; timate, seem have been 1 The Lawfulness and Necessitie of observing any bad feeling between them, nor is there the Anniversary Fasts and Festivals of the any evidence that Nelson expected special R. 1710 ' A Letter notice in the ' Gazette and Sir John Church maintained,' by C., ; ;' Jervis, of 1710 ' The had the of to Mr. James Hog Carnwarth,' ; who very highest opinion Nelson, Countryman's Idea of a Gospel Minister,' was a most unlikely man to yield to persua- ' The of Slander in sion or submit to the dictation of an inferior 1711 ; Spirit exemplified a scandalous Pamphlet called the Jacobite (NICOLAS, Nelson Despatches, ii. 337, vii. ' Priesthood of the Old 120 n. Cause,' 1714 ; The 121). and New Testament by Succession,' in seven On 22 Aug. 1798 Calder was made a ' The Second Part ... or a and on 14 Feb. to letters, 1716 ; baronet, 1799 advanced Challenge to all that want Episcopal Ordina- the rank of rear-admiral. In 1800 he hoisted tion to prove the validity of their ministerial his flag on board the Prince of Wales of 98 acts,' 1717; 'TheAnti Counter-querist coun- guns, in the Channel fleet, then commanded n. d. ' to the Lord St. Vincent and in 1801 ter-queried,' ; Queries Presby- by ; February terians,' n.d. was detached in pursuit of a French squa- which into [Lawson's History of the Scottish Episcopalian dron, slipped down the coast since Scott's Fasti Eccles. the while with seven Church 1688 ; Hew Mediterranean, Calder, Scot. i. 468 of the of the of the line and three ; Catalogue Library ships frigates, followed Calder 243 Calderbank an imaginary chase to the West Indies. It of an English fleet of twenty-five sail of the was only at Jamaica that he learned his mis- line, his heart failed him, and he bore up for take, and he did not rejoin the fleet till June. Cadiz, where he arrived on the 21st. His 23 1804 he was advanced to the retreat On April has been generally and erroneously rank of vice-admiral, and shortly afterwards attributed to the result of the action of his in the Prince of 22 hoisted flag, again July, with which, in point of fact, it had Wales, in which he joined the fleet off Brest, very little connection. under Admiral Cornwallis. In the following On 30 Aug. Calder, with the greater part February he was detached off Ferrol, with of the Brest fleet, joined Vice-admiral Col- sail of the over a five line, to keep watch lingwood off Cadiz, and while cruising off Franco-Spanish squadron of ten ships ready that port he learned that his conduct on 23 for sea, and two more fitting. These, how- and 24 July had been severely commented ever, would not be tempted out, although on in England. He immediately wrote to Calder, notwithstanding occasional reinforce- apply for a court-martial. The admiralty ments, had never more than nine ships of the had, independently, given Nelson orders to line under his command. It was not till send Calder home for trial. Nelson arrived 15 July that he was joined by the squadron off Cadiz on 28 Sept., and sent Calder back ' from off Rochefort, bringing his numbers up in his own ship. I may be thought wrong,' ' to fifteen ships, with which he was ordered he wrote, as an officer ... in not insisting to stretch out to the westward of Cape Finis- on Sir Robert Calder's quitting the Prince terre, in order to intercept the combined of Wales for the Dreadnought, and for part- fleet of France and Spain on its return from ing with a 90-gun ship, but I trust that I the West Indies. It was understood that shall be considered to have done right as a this consisted of sixteen but when man and to a brother officer in affliction ships, ; my fell in it it Calder with on 22 July he found heart could not stand it, and so the thing ' had twenty. The weather, too, was very thick, must rest (Nelson Despatches, vii. 56). and the fleet was to leeward Calder sailed a few be- English ; but, accordingly days notwithstanding these disadvantages, Calder fore the battle of Trafalgar. The court did succeeded in bringing the enemies' fleet to not assemble till 23 Dec., and on the 26th action, and in cutting off arid capturing two found that Calder in his conduct on 23 and of the Spanish ships. The next day was 24 July had been guilty of an error in judg- clear but the combined fleet had and sentenced him to be re- ; though ment, severely still the advantage of the wind, Villeneuve primanded. This was the end of his active conceived that his instructions forbade him career; he never served again, though he to fight except under compulsion, while rose by seniprity to the rank of admiral, Calder was anxious to secure his prizes, to 31 July 1810. He died on 31 Aug. 1818. cover the Windsor Castle, which had sus- His portrait is in the Painted Hall at Green- tained severe and above wich. married in 1779 damage ; was, all, He May Amelia, nervously alive to the danger of his position daughter of John Michell of Bayfield in Nor- if the fifteen ships in Ferrol and the five in folk, but had no issue. His wife survived Rochefort should come out and join the fleet him, but in a state of mental derangement, with Villeneuve. On the 24th the hostile which rendered necessary special provision fleets lost sight of each other. On the 26th for her maintenance under the terms of her the combined fleet put into Vigo, whence husband's will. Villeneuve slipped round to Ferrol, leaving xvii. 89 Gent. [Naval Chronicle, ; Mag. (1818) behind three of the dullest sailers and thus ; Ixxxviii. ii. 380, and (1819), Ixxxix. i. 382; when on 9 Aug. Calder, with a squadron Minutes of the Proceedings at a Court-martial, again reduced to nine ships, came off Fer- &c. published by authority of the vice-admiral he found the allies there in 108 James's Naval Hist, rol, vastly supe- (1806, 8vo, pp.) ; (1860), J. K. L. rior force, and on the point of putting to sea. iii. 356-79.] In presence of such unequal numbers, his orders authorised him to retire, which he ac- CALDERBANK, JAMES (1769-1821). cordingly did, joining Cornwallis off Brest. Benedictine monk, was born in the later As Calder had expected, Villeneuve, with part of 1769 in Lancashire. On attaining ordained to the twenty-nine ships of the line, did put to the canonical age he was sea on the evening of the 9th with the in- priesthood. He was first sent upon the mis- tention of carrying out his instructions and sion by the vicar-apostolic of the western dis- then making the English Channel. It seems to trict, Bishop Sharrock, the congregation be well established that till the 14th he entrusted to his charge being that of Wes- in steered a north-westerly course, but that on ton in Somersetshire. Thence, October the to the 14th, being deceived by false intelligence 1809, he was removed neighbouring E2