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Microsoft Visual Studio Ja C# Saateks Selle Teksti Kirjutamise Üks Eesmärk on Olnud Oma Seniste Kogemuste Ja Teadmiste Korrastami- Ne

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Microsoft Visual Studio Ja C# Saateks Selle Teksti Kirjutamise Üks Eesmärk on Olnud Oma Seniste Kogemuste Ja Teadmiste Korrastami- Ne Kalle Remm Visual Studio ja programmeerimiskeel C# Versioon 10.12.2019 Microsoft Visual Studio ja C# Saateks Selle teksti kirjutamise üks eesmärk on olnud oma seniste kogemuste ja teadmiste korrastami- ne. Oleks meeldiv, kui sellest oleks õppevahendina abi ka kellelgi teisel. Õppevahend sisaldab üle- vaadet C# keelest, juhiseid MS Visual Studio (VS) kasutamiseks ja erinevat tüüpi tarkvaraliste raken- duste loomiseks VS keskkonnas. Näiteks klassikalised Windows vormid, veebilahendused, veebi- teenused, WCF teenused, WPF rakendused ja universaalsed Windows 10 äpid. Tekstis kasutatud lühendite ja mõistete tähendust vaata jaotusest Mõisted. Kronoloogiline ülevaade selles õppe- vahendis käsitletud peamistest tehnoloogiatest on lisas 1 esitatud joonisel. See õppevahend ei ole inglise keeles, sest inglisekeelset kirjandust on veebis niigi palju. Programmeerimiskeel C# ja VS võimaldavad professionaalsel tasemel tööd, kuid see tekstis on püütud vältida peensusi, milleta algaja hakkama saab. Õppevahend ei eelda eelteadmisi programmeerimisest, küll aga huvi ja süvenemiseks tarvilikku aega. Ka selle teksti koostaja ei ole ise osalenud ühelgi programmeerimise kursusel. Algteadmises infotehnoloogiast ja andmebaaside ülesehitusest on siiski abiks. Visual Studio ja .NET raamistiku tehnoloogiad on väga mahukad ja mitmekülgsed. Ka programmeerimiskeele üksikasjade selgeks saamine võtab aega. Ära lase end sellest heidutada. Võid alustada ka harjutustega, nende juurde kuuluva näidiskoodi ja selgitustega. Algul on olulisim saada kogemus, kuidas asjad toimivad. Sellel teksti lõpus ei ole viidatud kirjanduse loetelu, sest valdavalt on kasutatud veebiallikaid ja viited nendele on hüperlinkidena tekstis. Kui õnnestus kindlaks teha veebiallika (esimene) autor, siis on viidatud tema nime abil, ka siis, kui tegemist on firma nimel avaldatud dokumendiga. See tekst sisaldab üle 600 viite välisele allikale. C# keele kasutamise näited on püütud koostada võimalikult lihtsad ja lühikesed, enamik näiteid toimivad lihtsates konsoolirakendustes. Mitmed tekstis kasutatud näited tutvustavad autori loodud veebisõppe rakenduse ja ruumistatistika kalkulaatori seesmist ülesehitust. Näited ja õppeaine C# ja Visual Studio veebilahenduses esitatud ülesanded on Visual Studio 2019 Community versioonis läbi proovitud. Näidete proovimisel pane tähele, et enamasti peab näites olev C# kood olema mingi nimeruumi, klassi ja meetodi sees. Õppeaines esitatud harjutused ja ülesanded peaksid olema selle käsiraamatu järgi lahendatavad. Kõiki C# keele ja Visual Studio arenduskeskkonna üksikasju ei ole kompaktselt kirjas üheski raamatus ega kasutamisjuhises. Üksikprobleemide puhul on aina tarvis ise katsetada ja teistest allikatest teavet hankida. Tehnoloogia areneb kiirelt. Seda õppevahendit tuli korduvalt muuta juba selle koostamise ajal. Õppevahendi kaasajastamine on pidev võidujooks ajaga. Teated vajalikest uuendustest on seejuures abiks ja ikka oodatud. Autor on tänulik Tiiu Kelvistele, kes talle esimesena C# keelt tutvustas ja Tartu Ülikooli geo- graafia osakonnale, kus oli üsna segamatult võimalik ennast harida ja oma huvist seda õppevahendit kirjutada. Programmeerimine on nagu elu ― iga päev saab midagi juurde õppida. 1 Kalle Remm Visual Studio ja programmeerimiskeel C# Versioon 10.12.2019 Õppeaine annotatsioon Programmeerimiskeskkonna Microsoft Visual Studio tutvustus. Projekti ülesehitus. Dialoogi- aknad ja nendel kasutatavad vahendid. Andmebaasiühenduse meetodid. Objektorienteeritus. Hierarhilised objektiklassid, meetodid. Programmi silumise ja testimise vahendid. Programmeerimis- keel C#. Programmi koodi struktureerimine, alamprogrammid, funktsioonid, dialoogiakende kujun- damise vahendid. Programmi dokumenteerimine. Lihtsamate Windows rakenduste ja veebilahen- duste näited ja nende loomise harjutused. Introduction to application development environment Microsoft Visual Studio. Solutions and projects. Concepts of C# language. Hierarchical object classes and methods. Windows forms. Data access technologies in Visual Studio. Web developing. Exercises and examples for creating simple Windows and web applications. 2 Kalle Remm Visual Studio ja programmeerimiskeel C# Versioon 10.12.2019 Sisukord Mõisted ja lühendid ........................................................................................................................ 7 1. Microsoft Visual Studio ............................................................................................................. 12 1.1. VS installeerimine .............................................................................................................. 13 1.2. VS projektid ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.3. VS vaated ........................................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Lisapakettide haldur .......................................................................................................... 17 1.5. Klaviatuurikäsud ................................................................................................................ 18 1.6. Visual Studio Code ............................................................................................................. 19 2. C# keel ....................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1. Sissejuhatus ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.2. C# koodi üldpõhimõtted .................................................................................................... 21 2.3. Muutujad ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.1. Muutujate nimed ........................................................................................................ 22 2.3.2. Lihtsad muutujad ........................................................................................................ 23 2.3.3. Muutujakogud ............................................................................................................ 24 2.3.4. Muutujate kehtivuspiirkond ....................................................................................... 29 2.3.5. Klassitüüpide teisendused .......................................................................................... 30 2.4. Operaatorid ehk tehted ..................................................................................................... 33 2.4.1. Toimingud tähemärkidega .......................................................................................... 34 2.4.2. Toimingud märgijadadega .......................................................................................... 34 2.4.3. Toimingud ajamuutujatega ......................................................................................... 37 2.4.4. Objektide võrdlemine ................................................................................................. 38 2.5. Voo juhtimine .................................................................................................................... 41 2.5.1. Lahknemine................................................................................................................. 41 2.5.2. Valikulause .................................................................................................................. 42 2.5.3. Kordused ..................................................................................................................... 42 2.6. Tõrgete haldus ................................................................................................................... 44 2.7. Klassid ja objektid .............................................................................................................. 46 2.7.1. Väli .............................................................................................................................. 48 2.7.2. Konstant ...................................................................................................................... 48 2.7.3. Omadus ....................................................................................................................... 48 2.7.4. Moodustaja ................................................................................................................. 49 2.7.5. Meetod ....................................................................................................................... 50 2.7.6. Funktsioonide kattumine ............................................................................................ 53 3 Kalle Remm Visual Studio ja programmeerimiskeel C# Versioon 10.12.2019 2.7.7. Struktuurid .................................................................................................................. 54 2.8. Objektide nähtavus ............................................................................................................ 55 2.9. Teated sündmustest .......................................................................................................... 56 2.10. Atribuudid ........................................................................................................................ 57 Atribuudi loomine ja lugemine ............................................................................................. 58 2.11. Lambda väljendid ja LINQ
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