M/S. BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

m/S. BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

FINAL EIA REPORT

FOR THE PROPOSED CAPACITY EXPANSION OF BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL BY THE INCREASE IN TANKAGE FOR ETHANOL & INTRODUCTION OF TANKAGE FOR BIODIESEL

AT ATHUR & KADAPPARAI VILLAGE ATHUR POST, KARUR DISTRICT TAMIL NADU COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE ISSUED BY MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT FOREST & CLIMATE CHANGE, VIDE F.NO. J-11011/79/2017-IA.II(I) DATED 31.05.2017

A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. 1 Executive summary Executive summary of the project is given in EIA report. 2 Introduction Introduction is given in Chapter 1. i. Details of the EIA Consultant Details of EIA Consultant’s Accreditation are including NABET accreditation given in Chapter 11 (Page No. 115) of EIA Report. ii. Information about the project Information about the project proponent is proponent given in Section 1.2 of Chapter 1(Page no. 2). iii. Importance and benefits of the The importance and benefits of the project are project given in Chapter 8 (Page No. 94) of the EIA report. 3 Project Description i. The cost of project and time of Cost and Schedule of the Project are given in completion. Section 2.15 of Chapter 2 (Page No. 22) of the EIA Report. ii. Products with capacities for the Proposed storage tank capacities are detailed proposed project. in Table 2.1 (Page No. 14) of EIA Report. iii. If expansion project, details of Existing storage tank capacities are detailed in existing products with capacities and Table 2.1 (Page No. 14) of EIA Report. The whether the adequate land is adequate land is available within the existing available for expansion, reference of terminal for the proposed expansion. earlier EC if any. Earlier Pipeline EC is enclosed as Annexure VII. iv. List of raw materials required and Petroleum products (MS, HSD & SKO) are their source along with the mode of transferred via pipeline from PETRONET CCK transportation. (Cochin - Coimbatore - Karur) pipeline distribution network. Ethanol & Biodiesel are received through Tank Lorries. v. Other chemicals and materials Petroleum products with quantities and required with quantities and storage storage capacities are given in Table 2.1 (Page capacities No. 14) of Chapter 2. vi. Details of emission, effluents, Details of emission, effluents, hazardous waste hazardous waste generation and their generation and their management are given in management. Chapter 4 of EIA report.

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. vii. Requirement of water, power, Requirement of water, power, with a source of with source of supply, status of supply and manpower requirement, are given approval, water balance diagram, in Section 2.6, 2.8 and 2.9 (Page No. 18, 20) of manpower requirement (regular and Chapter 2 of the EIA Report. contract) viii. Process description along with Details of process description along with major equipments and machineries, major equipments and machineries, process process flow sheet (quantitive) from flow sheet are given in Section 2.4 (Page No. raw material to products to be 15) & Table 2.2 (Page No. 16) of Chapter 2 of provided EIA Report. ix. Hazard identification and details of Details of the hazard identification are given in proposed safety system Chapter 7. x. Expansion / Modernization proposals: a. A copy of all the Environmental Environmental clearance obtained for Cochin Clearance(s) including Amendments – Karur product pipeline by M/s. BPCL and thereto obtained for the project from copy of the same is enclosed as Annexure VII. MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, the status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA- EMP report. b. In case the existing project has not The oil receiving terminal, commissioned in obtained environmental clearance, 2002. Hence no EC was required. Consent reasons for not taking EC under the issued by TNPCB is enclosed as Annexure II. provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. and Consent to Operate (in the case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4 Site Details i. Location of the project site covering The BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal has village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and located about 5 km from Karur railway station State, Justification for selecting the at Athur & Kadapparai Village, Karur District, site, whether other sites were Tamil Nadu. All necessary infrastructure and considered. adequate land are available within the terminal. Hence no other sites were considered for the proposed expansion activity. ii. A toposheet of the study area of a A topo map of the study area of 10 km radius radius of 10km and site location on is given in Figure 1.4 (Page No. 7) of Chapter 1 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 of the EIA report. sheet. (including all ecosensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for Justification of site selection is given in selection of a site Chapter 5 of EIA Report. The Coordinates (Latitude and Longitude) are 10°59'51.85"N, 78° 2'25.98"E (NE), iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four 10°59'12.00"N, 78°2'54.20"E(SE), corners of the site. 10°59'19.09"N, 78° 2'16.53"E (SW), 10°59'52.13"N, 78° 2'4.87"E (NW). Google Earth Image of the project site is given v. Google map-Earth downloaded of in Figure 1.1(Page no. 3) of Chapter 1 of the the project site. EIA report. vi. Layout maps indicating existing The layout of the terminal is given in Figure unit as well as proposed unit 2.2 (Page No. 19) of Chapter 2 of the EIA indicating storage area, plant area, report. greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, the layout of

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. Industrial Area indicating the location of the unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and The Photographs of Greenbelt is shown in existing (if applicable) plant site. If Chapter 9 of EIA Report. existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii. Landuse break-up of the total Land Use break-up of the total land of the land of the project site (identified and terminal is given in Chapter 2 of EIA Report. acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with A list of industries within 10 km radius area is name and type within the study area given in Section 3.16 (Page No. 61), Chapter 3 (10km radius) shall be incorporated. of the EIA report. Land use details of the study area x. Geological features and Geo- Geological features and Geo-hydrological hydrological status of the study area status of the study area are given in Section shall be included. 3.5-3.7 (Page No. 31), Chapter 3 of EIA report. xi. Details of drainage of the project Drainage of the area is given in Section 3.4 upto a 5km radius of the study area. If (Page No. 29), Chapter 3 of the EIA report. the site is within 1 km radius of any Drainage map is given as Figure 3.4. major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega greenfield projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If the The Land is in the Possession of M/s. BPCL, acquisition is not complete, stage of Karur. the acquisition process and expected a time of complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in Not applicable

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. line with state Government policy 5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use Not applicable as no forest land is involved. of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Land use map based on High- Not applicable as no forest land is involved. resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for Not applicable as no forest land is involved. obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with the latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within There is no National Parks, Sanctuaries, 10 km of the National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wild Animals is found in the study area of the Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, project. the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-a-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden- thereon. v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly Not Applicable. authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for the conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. vi. A copy of application submitted for Not Applicable. clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. 6 Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric Details of site-specific micrometeorological inversion level at the project site and data using temperature, relative humidity, site-specific micrometeorological data hourly wind speed, direction and rainfall are using temperature, relative humidity, given in Table 3.3 (Page No. 27), Chapter 3 of hourly wind speed and direction and the EIA Report. rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 Details of ambient air quality monitoring data locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, are given in Section 3.9 (Page No. 33), Chapter CO and other parameters relevant to 3 of the EIA report. the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the predominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement Results of ambient air quality monitoring data for 12 weeks of all stations as per are given in Table 3.6 (Page No. 37), Chapter 3 frequency is given in the NAQQM of the EIA report. Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and Surface water source are dry during the other surface drains at eight locations baseline data collection period. as per CPCB/ MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to No, the site does not fall near to polluted polluted stretch of river identified by stretch of river identified by the the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give CPCB/MoEF&CC details. vi. Ground water monitoring at a Details of groundwater monitoring locations minimum at 8 locations shall be are given in Table 3.10 (Page No. 45), Chapter included. 3 of the EIA report. vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 Details of noise monitoring are given in Table locations within the study area. 3.8 (Page No. 43), Chapter 3 of EIA report

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB Details of soil characteristic are given in Table guidelines. 3.13 (Page No. 53), Chapter 3 of the EIA report ix. Traffic study of the area, type of Details of traffic study are given in Annexure vehicles, frequency of vehicles for IV. transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement, etc., x. A detailed description of flora and Details of the description of flora and fauna fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) are Section 3.13.3 & 3.13.4 (Page No. 56) of the existing in the study area shall be EIA report. given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna is found within the study area a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study Details of Socio-economic Status of the study area. area are provided in Section 3.15 (Page No. 57) of Chapter 3 of the EIA report. 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level There will be no emissions generated from concentration of pollutants from the production processes, as the terminal is for stack emission based on site-specific receipt, storage and dispatch of POL products. meteorological features. In case the Diesel Generators & Fire Engines are the only project is located on a hilly terrain, sources of emissions which have been the AQIP Modelling shall be done provided with stacks of adequate height. using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. The cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of the project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality Modeling - in case of Not applicable as there will not be any

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. discharge in water body discharge into a water body. iii. The impact of the transport of the The raw material (Ethanol & Biodiesel) are raw materials and end products on received through Tank Lorries. The dispatch is the surrounding environment shall be through tank trucks. The impact due to the assessed and provided. In this regard, transportation of the goods on the options for transport of raw materials surrounding has been discussed in Annexure and finished products and wastes IV. (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum- road transport or conveyor cum- rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on the treatment of Sewage generated will be disposed of through wastewater from different plant septic tank followed by soak pit. operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action Discussed in Section 9.2.4 (Page No. 96) of plan for control of emissions to meet Chapter 9. standards. vi. Measures for fugitive emission There will not be any fugitive emissions from control terminal operations, there will be an increase in the truck movement, the emission arising will be controlled as the adequate greenbelt has been developed and the only Pollution Under Control Vehicles will be allowed. vii. Details of hazardous waste Oily sludge may be settled down in existing generation and their storage, and new tanks, which require being removed utilization and management. Copies of prior to tank maintenance work once in 5 MOU regarding utilization of solid and years. Oily sludge will be treated by hazardous waste in cement plant shall bioremediation technique. also be included. EMP shall include Used oil generated from DG Sets will be the concept of waste- minimization, handed over to TNPCB authorized recyclers. recycle/reuse/recovery techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall Not applicable, as no fly ash will be generated.

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix. Action plan for the green belt Adequate green belt about 33% of total plot development plan in 33 % area i.e. area is already developed within the terminal. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, the width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The greenbelt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for the greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater Adequate Rain Water Harvesting System has harvesting measures at plant site been developed within the terminal. shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the rooftops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum cost/annum for environmental for environmental pollution control measures pollution control measures shall be are given in Table 9.2 (Page No. 103) of included. Chapter 9 of EIA Report. xii. Action plan for post-project Action plan for post-project environmental environmental monitoring shall be monitoring is given in Chapter 6 of the EIA submitted. report. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster Risk Assessment study is provided in Chapter (natural and Man-made) 7. Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked to District Disaster Management Plan. 8 Occupational health

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure Annual Health Checkup is carried out for all the occupational health & safety of all employees. Onsite medical center is also contract and casual workers. available. ii. Details of exposure specific health Annual Health Checkup for workers is being status evaluation of worker. If the carried out. workers' health is being evaluated by pre-designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above- mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & The terminal function mainly as receipt, Safety Hazards. What are the storage & dispatch of POL products no exposure levels of hazards and processing in the Terminal. So there will be no whether they are within Permissible emissions generated during the process. Exposure level (PEL)? If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of the health status The report of the health status of workers with of workers with special reference to special reference to Occupational Health and Occupational Health and Safety. Safety is being compiled. 9 Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid Yes. Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of down Environment Policy approved BPCL is given in Section 6.4 (Page No. 78) of by its Board of Directors? If so, it may Chapter 6 of EIA Report. be detailed in the EIA report. ii. Does the Environment Policy Yes prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/violation of

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA Report. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Details are given in Chapter 9 of EIA Report. Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have a system of Yes reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report. 10 Details regarding infrastructure Adequate facilities for sanitation and facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restrooms have been provided for Contract restroom etc. to be provided to the Labours as well as Truck Crew. labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during the operation phase. 11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of M/s. BPCL is actively contributing to the the project cost) shall be earmarked nearby villages of the terminal in the form of towards the Enterprise Social CSR activities. The CSR activity of M/s. BPCL is Commitment based on Public Hearing detailed in Section 9.12 (Page No. 103) of issues and item-wise details along Chapter 9. with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12 Any litigation pending against the No such issue is involved. project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13 A tabular chart with the index for Complied pointwise compliance of above TOR. B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE 1 Details on the list of hazardous Provided in Chapter 2. chemicals to be stored along with storage quantities at the facility, their category (as per MSIHC Rules), MSDS. 2 Mode of receiving hazardous Ethanol and Biodiesel are received from Tank chemicals in isolated storages and Lorries at the TLF pump house gantry and mode of their dispatch. transferred to proposed storage tanks through the pipeline. The petroleum products are stored in the proposed Above Ground (A/G) Storage Tanks. From the storage tanks, the petroleum products are transferred to trucks for dispatch. 3 Layout plan of the storage tanks and The site layout plan of the Karur Terminal is other associated facilities. provided in Figure 2.2 (Page No. 19) of Chapter 2. 4 Details on types and specifications of Details on types and specifications of the the storage facilities including tanks, storage facilities are given in Chapter 2. pumps, piping, valves, flanges, pumps, monitoring equipments, systems for emissions control safety controls including relief systems. 5 Arrangements to control loss/leakage Details are given in Chapter 7. of chemicals and management system in case of leakage. 6 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan - Identification of hazards Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 - Consequence Analysis Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 - Details of the domino effect of the Domino effect is not possible. storage tanks and respective preventive measures including the distance between storage units in an

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S. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance No. isolated storage facility. -Onsite and offsite emergency Details of the same are given in Chapter 7. preparedness plan. ADDITIONAL TOR 1 Public hearing to be conducted and Public hearing will be conducted. issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form of a tabular chart with a financial budget for complying with the commitments made. 2 One month baseline data to be Attached as Annexure VI. submitted. 3 Certified Compliance Report of the Attached as Annexure VII. conditions in the existing EC, from the concerned Regional Office of Ministry, shall be submitted.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Title Page Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Executive Summary i-xiv 1 Introduction 1-12 1.1 Purpose of the Project 1 1.2 Identification of Project 2 1.3 Brief Description of the Project 3 1.4 Scope of Study 9 1.5 Site Selection 10 1.6 Methodology for Environment Impact Assessment 10 1.7 Likely impact on the environment 11 1.8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 12 1.9 Risk Analysis and Disaster management plan 12 2 Project Description 13-22 2.1 BPCL Oil Receiving Terminal 13 Details of Storage of Petroleum Products at BPCL’s Oil 13 2.2 Storage Terminal 2.3 Magnitude of Operation at BPCL’s Oil storage terminal 14 2.4 Description of Process 15 Infrastructure And Facilities at the BPCL Karur 16 2.5 terminal 2.5.1 Description of fixed cone roof tank 18 2.6 Power Requirement 18 2.7 Land Requirement 18 2.8 Manpower Requirement 20 2.9 Water Requirement and Source 20 2.10 Wastewater Disposal 20 2.11 Solid and Hazardous Waste generation and disposal 21 2.12 Fire Fighting system 21 2.13 Hydrocarbon detectors 21 2.14 Details of Safety measures adopted at the terminal 22 2.15 Cost of project and construction schedule 22 3 Description of Environment 23-61 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Scope of Baseline Study 23 3.3 Rainfall & Climate 26 3.4 Drainage 29 3.5 Geomorphology 31

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3.6 Soil 31 3.7 Hydrogeology 31 3.8 Seismicity 33 3.9 Air Environment 33 3.9.1 Selection of Sampling Locations 34 3.9.2 Parameters of Sampling 35 3.9.3 Instruments used for Sampling 35 3.9.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques 35 3.9.5 Results 36 3.9.6 Observations 39 3.10 Noise Environment 39 3.10.1 Identification of Sampling Locations 40 3.10.2 Instrument used for Sampling 42 3.10.3 Method of Monitoring 42 3.10.4 Results 43 3.10.5 Observations 44 3.11 Water Environment 44 3.11.1 Sampling Locations 44 3.11.2 Results 46 3.11.3 Observations 51 3.12 Soil Environment 51 3.12.1 Soil Analysis 51 3.13 Ecological Environment 55 3.13.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies 55 3.13.2 Methodology Adopted for the Study 55 3.13.3 Flora in the Study Area 55 3.13.4 Fauna in the study area 56 3.14 Environmental Sensitivity 57 3.15 Socio-Economic Environment 57 3.15.1 Methodology 58 3.15.2 Sources of Information 58 3.15.3 Settlement Pattern 58 3.15.3.1 Population 59 3.15.3.2 Demography 59 3.15.3.3 Distribution of Population 59 3.16 Availability of Infrastructure 61 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation 62-71 4 Measures 4.1 Introduction 62 4.2 Air Environment 62 4.3 Noise Environment 63

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4.3.1 Noise Generation during Operation phase 63 4.3.2 Impacts due to Project 63 4.4 Water Environment 64 4.5 Land Environment 64 4.5.1 Impact on Soil 64 4.6 Biological Environment 64 4.6.1 Impact on Natural Resource Soil or Agricultural Land 65 4.6.2 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology (Flora and Fauna) 65 4.6.3 Impact on Forest & Wild Life 65 4.6.4 Impact on Aquatic Ecology 65 4.7 Socio-Economic Environment 65 4.7.1 Impact on Cultural Resources 66 4.7.2 Impact on Economic Features 66 5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) 72 5.1 Introduction 72 5.2 Alternative Site 72 5.3 Alternative for Technology 72 5.4 Alternative for Control of Pollution 72 6 Environmental Monitoring Program 73-80 6.1 Introduction 73 6.2 Environmental monitoring schedules 74 6.2.1 Ambient air quality(AAQ) monitoring 74 6.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring 74 6.2.3 Noise Level Monitoring 75 6.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan 75 6.4 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of BPCL 78 6.5 Statutory Returns and Compliance Reports 80 7 Additional Studies 81-93 7.1 Risk Analysis Study 81 7.2 Public Hearing 81 8 Project Benefits 94 8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure 94 8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure 94 8.3 Employment Potential 94 9 Environmental Management Plan 95-107 9.1 Introduction 95 9.2 Physical Environment 95 9.2.1 Soil 95 9.2.2 Water Quality 95 9.2.3 Meteorology 96 9.2.4 Air Environment 96

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9.2.5 Solid Waste Management 97 9.2.6 Noise 98 9.2.7 Land Use 98 9.3 Greenbelt 99 9.3.1 Terrestrial Ecology 99 9.3.2 Greenbelt Development 99 9.4 Socio-Economic Environment 100 9.5 Rainwater Harvesting at BPCL Terminal 100 9.6 Preventive Measures for Leakages and Accident 100 Occupational Health surveillance program for 101 9.7 employees & other labours 9.8 Environmental Management cell 101 9.9 Environmental Training 101 9.10 Reporting and Monitoring system 102 Budgets for implementation of EMP and monitoring 103 9.11 plan 9.12 Corporate social responsibility 103 10 Summary & Conclusion 108-112 10.1 Overall justification for Implementation of the project 108 Overall mitigation measures & environmental 108 10.1.1 management plan 11 Disclosure of Consultant 113-106 11.1 Introduction 113 11.2 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited 114 11.2.1 Environmental Services 114 11.2.2 Turnkey projects 114 11.2.3 Other services 114 11.2.4 Laboratory services 115 11.3 Sectors Accredited by NABET 115 11.4 Study Team 116

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page 1.1 Google Image of the Project Site 3 1.2 Location Map of Project Site 5 1.3 Road connectivity around the project site 6 1.4 10 km Topo map around project site 7 2.1 Process Flow Chart 16 2.2 Layout Plan of BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal 19 3.1 Wind rose from 19 June 2017 to 17 July 2017 28 3.2 Drainage Map (10 km) of the Project site 30

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3.3 Map showing seismic tectonic zone 33 3.4 Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations 34 3.5 Map showing the location of Noise level monitoring stations 40 3.6 Map showing Water quality monitoring locations 45 3.7 Map showing the location soil sampling stations 52 6.1 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of BPCL 80

LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1.1 Environmental Settings of the Project Site 4 1.2 Products wise storage capacity of the Terminal 8 2.1 Details of Existing and Proposed Tanks 14 2.2 List of Equipments / Facilities at BPCL Karur Terminal 17 2.3 Details of D.G sets 18 2.4 Manpower Requirements 20 2.5 Summary of Safety measures 22 3.1 Environmental Attributes 23 3.2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology 24 3.3 Karur District Weather Report from 19 June 2017 to 17 July 27 2017 3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 35 3.5 Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 36 3.6 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result 37 3.7 Noise Quality Monitoring stations 41 3.8 Ambient Noise Level 43 3.9 Ambient Noise Quality Standards 44 3.10 Water quality monitoring locations 45 3.11 Results for Water Analysis 46 3.12 Soil Sampling Locations 51 3.13 Soil Quality Results 53 3.14 Standard Soil Classification 54 3.15 List of Flora observed in the study area 56 3.16 List of Fauna observed in the study area 56 3.17 Distribution of population in the study area 60 4.1 Summary of Mitigation Measures 67 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan for BPCL Karur Terminal 76 9.1 Tree plantations done and surviving at Karur Terminal over 99 the years 9.2 Budget for Implementation of EMP and Monitoring Plan 103 9.3 CSR 2015-16 – Expenditure Summary 104 10.1 Environmental Management Plan during Construction and 109

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Operational Phase 11.1 NABET Accredited Sector 115 11.2 Study Team 116

LIST OF ANNEXURES ANNEXURE TITLE I. TERMS OF REFERENCE II. CONSENT TO OPERATE RENEWAL (CTO) FROM TNPCB III. PESO LICENSE IV. TRAFFIC STUDY REPORT V. RISK ANALYSIS REPORT VI. ONE MONTH BASELINE REPORT (FROM 19 JUNE 2017 TO 17 JULY 2017) VII. PIPELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE & COMPLIANCE REPORT

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A/G : Above Ground

b.p : Boiling Point

BIS : Bureau of Indian Standards

BPCL : Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

CCPS : Center For Chemical Process Safety

CPQRA : Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Assessment

DCP : Dry Chemical Powder

F&EI : Fire & Explosion Index

FLP : Flameproof

GPH : General Process Hazard

HSD : High-Speed Diesel

LFL : Lower Flammable Limits

MCAC : Maximum Credible Accident & Consequence

MF : Material Factor

MSIHC : Manufacture, Storage & Import Of Hazardous Chemicals Rules

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MOV : Motor Operated Valve

MS : Motor Spirit

MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheet

NFPA : National Fire Protection Agency

OISD : Oil Industry Safety Directorate

OWS : Oil Water Separator

P&ID : Piping And Instrumentation Diagram

PHA : Preliminary Hazard Analysis

Ppm : parts per million

QRA : Quantitative Risk Assessment

ROSOV : Remotely Operated Shut Off Valve

SPH : Special Process Hazard

TLFG : Tank Lorry Filling Gantry

TT : Tank Truck

TWFG : Tank Wagon Filling Gantry

U/G : Underground

UFL : Upper Flammable Limits

VCE : Vapor Cloud Explosion

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) has an oil receiving terminal at Karur in Karur district of Tamil Nadu for the purpose of receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products such as Motor Spirit (MS), High-Speed Diesel (HSD) and Superior Kerosene (SKO). The Karur oil receiving terminal receives petroleum products from PETRONET CCK (Cochin - Coimbatore - Karur) pipeline distribution network. The existing storage units consist of different types of aboveground tanks. Dispatch from the installation is done by road tankers and train wagons. Oil receiving terminal with an existing capacity of 136770 KL and now proposes to install 4 nos. of above ground tanks with aggregate storage capacity of 6716 KL (2 x 858 KL for Ethanol and 2 x 2500 KL for Biodiesel). After expansion, the storage capacity will increase to 143486 KL.

NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE The Government plans to increase the ethanol blend ratio from 5% to 10% and Biodiesel in many different concentrations. The most common are: B6 to B20 (6% to 20% biodiesel blended with petroleum diesel) and B5 (5% biodiesel, 95% petroleum diesel). In compliance with the directives of the Govt. of India, the company has undertaken to supply blended fuels that serve to reduce the import burden on account of crude petroleum and also to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions. Petrol is to be blended with ethanol and diesel with biodiesel for supply to retail outlets in accordance with appropriate BIS standards. To this end, BPCL proposes to increase the onsite storage capacity of ethanol and introduce storage of biodiesel within the site. The project will directly generate some employment both during construction and operation phase and some indirect employment is also likely to be generated due to this project. This will help to enhance the economic condition of this region. The project will help for the further development of infrastructure facilities in the region. The project will also provide indirect employment to unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories.

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

PROJECT LOCATION The BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal has located about 5 km from Karur railway station at Athur & Kadapparai Village, Karur District, Tamil Nadu. The latitude-longitude of the Karur terminal of BPCL is 10°59'36.12"N; 78°2'27.39"E. The Environmental setting of the project site is shown in Table 1. The location map of the project is shown in Figure 1.

Table 1 - Environmental Settings of the Project Site

S. No. Particulars Details

1 Latitude 10°59'36.12"N

2 Longitude 78°2'27.39"E

3 Site Elevation above MSL 122 m

4 Topography Plain National Highway 7 – 1.8 km (E) 6 Nearest highway State Highway 84 – 1.6 km (S) 7 Nearest railway station Karur Railway Station – 5 km (SE) Tiruchirapalli International Airport – 8 Nearest airport 77 km (ESE) 9 Nearest town/city Athur – 1.3 km (W) Kaveri River – 8.5 km (N) 10 Water body Amaravathi River – 4 km (S) 11 Nearest Port Thoothukudi Sea Port – 247 km (SSE)

12 Hills / valleys Nil in 15 km radius

13 Archaeologically important places Nil in 15 km radius National Parks / Wildlife 14 Sanctuaries/Eco-sensitive zones as per Nil in 15 km radius Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 15 Reserved / Protected Forests Nil in 15 km radius Zone II according to the Indian 16 Seismicity Standard Seismic Zoning Map. 17 Defence Installations Nil in 15 km radius

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

Figure 1 - Location Map of the Project Site

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Figure 2 – Site Layout

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Figure 3 – Road connectivity Map v BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION The present storage capacity of the terminal is total 136770 KL. After expansion, the storage capacity will increase to 143486 KL. Tank Details are given below in Table 2.

Table 2 - Details of Existing and Proposed Tanks Storage Tank Product Tank Type Locati Area of Tank No Capacity dimensions Stored (Roof Type) on dyke (m2) (KL) Dia x H(m) T-001A HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-001B HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T1 9415 T-001C HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-001D HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-002A SKO 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-002B SKO 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T2 6338 T-002C MS 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-003A MS 38160 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-003B HSD 38160 BHC Floating 58.5 x 16.0 T3 26002 T-003C MS 9380 BHC Floating 58.5 x 16.0 Cone T-004A SLOP 1075 BHC 13.0 x 9.0 roof T4 1320 Cone T-004B SLOP 1075 BLC 13.0 x 9.0 roof Dished T-006A ETHANOL 100 A/G - H 3.2 x 13.2 end HI SPEED Dished T-006B 100 A/G - H 3.2 x 13.2 HSD end MS Dished T-007B 200 A/G - H 4.0 x 16.4 (SPEED) end BIO- Dished T-008A 200 A/G - H 4.0 x 16.4 DIESEL end Sample Dished T-0010A collection 10 A/G - H 2.0 x 8.5 end tank Sample Dished T-0010B collection 10 A/G - H 2.0 x 3.5 end tank TL fueling Dished U/G 20 - 7.8 x 3.5 tank end Fixed T-011A Ethanol 858 A/G 9.0 x 13.5 roof 9415 T1 Fixed T-011B Ethanol 858 A/G 9.0 x 13.5 roof Fixed T-012A Biodiesel 2500 A/G 16.0 x 13.5 6338 T2 roof

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Fixed T-012B Biodiesel 2500 A/G 16.0 x 13.5 roof

PROCESS DESCRIPTION  The main operational activities in the installation are receipt of MS, HSD and SKO, storage in designated tanks and truck loading for distribution. - The Karur oil receiving terminal receives petroleum products from PETRONET CCK (Cochin - Coimbatore - Karur) pipeline distribution network. Storage in different types of aboveground tanks. Dispatch from the installation is done by road tankers and train wagons.  In addition to existing operations, receipt, transfer and storage of ethanol and biodiesel are envisaged.

The operation details of the proposed additional operations are given below: I. Receipt and Unloading of Biodiesel & Ethanol Biodiesel & Ethanol are received and unloaded from road tank lorries at TLF pump house gantry and transferred to proposed storage tanks via 10” pipeline. II. Storage of Biodiesel & Ethanol (newly dedicated tanks in existing dykes) The petroleum products are to be filled to 90% level in the proposed Above Ground (A/G) Storage Tanks. III. Dispatch of Biodiesel & Ethanol From the storage tanks, the petroleum products are transferred to trucks at the loading gantry for dispatch to retail outlets within the distribution circle for public use. The process flow chart for is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Process Flow Chart

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INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE FACILITY The lists of facilities/ equipments present and proposed at the Terminal are as given in Table 3. Table 3 - List of Equipments / Facilities at BPCL Karur Terminal Total S. No Equipment Capacity Number 1. TLF Pumps for HSD 3 440 KL/hr 2. TLF Pumps for HSD 1 250 KL/hr 3. TLF Pumps for SKO 2 240 KL/hr 4. TLF Pumps for MS 3 165 KL/hr 5. TLF Pumps for SLOP 2 33 KL/hr 6. PROVER pump 1 27.5 KL/hr 7. TLF Pumps for Ethanol loading 1 108 KL/hr 8. TLF Pumps for MS(Speed) 2 50 KL/hr 9. TLF Pumps for Ethanol unloading 1 138 KL/hr 10. TLF Pumps for Biodiesel unloading 1 150 KL/hr 11. TLF Pumps for Biodiesel unloading 1 250 KL/hr 12. TLF Pumps for Biodiesel loading 1 250 KL/hr 13. TLF Pumps for High-speed Loading 1 250 KL/hr 14. DG Set-1 1 750 KVA 15. DG Set-2 1 300 KVA 16. BHC tank of MS 1 4440 KL 17. BHC tank of MS 1 38160 KL 18. BHC tank of MS 1 9380 KL 19. BHC tank of HSD 4 8740 KL 20. BHC of HSD 1 38160 KL 21. BHC tank of SKO 2 4440 KL 22. BHC tank of SLOP 2 1075 KL 23. Above Ground Tanks of Ethanol 1 100 KL 24. Above Ground Tanks of Hi-speed HSD 1 100 KL 25. Above Ground Tanks of MS (Speed) 1 200 KL 26. Above Ground Tank of Biodiesel 1 200 KL 27. Underground Sample Collection Tanks 2 10 KL 28. Underground TL Fueling Tank 1 20 KL 29. BHC tanks of Ethanol 2 858 KL 30. BHC tank of Biodiesel 2 2500 KL 31. Firewater Tanks 2 3070 KL 32. Firewater Tank 1 4242 KL Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

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PROJECT COST Total project cost of the proposed construction of Ethanol and Biodiesel tank is estimated Rs. 15 Crores.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Primary baseline environmental monitoring studies were conducted during 19 June 2017 to 17 July 2017 and details are as follows: Meteorology - The predominant wind direction during the study period was from West Southwest to East Northeast direction with average wind speed of 2.29 m/s. Maximum relative humidity is around 92%. The minimum temperature recorded is 39°C while maximum temperature is 41°C.

Air Environment- The maximum and minimum concentrations of PM10 were recorded as 80.2 µg/m3 and 28.1 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at the Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur and the minimum concentration was recorded at Nochipalayam.

The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 41.4 µg/m3 and 10.4 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at the Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur and the minimum concentration was recorded at Nochipalayam. The maximum and

minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 13.6 µg/m3 and <5.0. The maximum

concentration was recorded at Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur. The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 28.1 µg/m3 and 8.3 µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur and the minimum concentration was recorded at Nochipalayam. The maximum CO concentrations were recorded as 0.53 mg/m3 and the minimum was BDL (<0.1). The Lead concentrations were recorded as BDL (<0.1) in all locations. The maximum THC concentrations were recorded as 24 µg/m3. Noise Environment - Noise levels during daytime were found to be in the range 49.1 to 58.3 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 58.3 dB (A) at Vaiyapuri Nagar – Karur and a minimum of 49.1 dB (A) were observed at Nochipalayam. Noise levels observed to fall in the range 37.9 to 46.8 dB (A) during the night time. A maximum of 46.8 dB (A) was observed at Vaiyapuri Nagar – Karur and a minimum of 37.9 dB (A) were observed at Nochipalayam. Measured noise levels are observed to be in compliance with prescribed standards for ambient noise for the respective applicable categories.

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Water Environment - The analysis of groundwater results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.92 – 7.95, TDS ranges from 804 mg/l - 6735 mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from 270 mg/l - 1660 mg/l, iron content BDL(<0.05), nitrate content ranges from 2.7 mg /l – 57 mg/l was observed. Soil Environment: The soil results were compared with soil standards. It has been observed that the pH of the soil was ranging from 7.59 to 9.21 indicating the soils are basic in nature. The conductivity of the soil ranges from 0.073 to 0.533 mS/cm. Since the EC value is less than 2000 µS/cm, the soil is said to be Non-saline in nature. The texture of the soil sample is predominantly loam. Soil organic content varied from 1.22 to 2.04 % which indicates the very low level of organic matter. The available nitrogen content ranges between 158 to 236 mg/kg in the locality and the value of phosphorus content varies between 29.6 to 65.8 mg/kg. This indicates that the soil has very high quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. The potassium content varies from 146 to 218 mg/kg which indicates that the soils have high quantities of potassium. From the above observations, it was found that the soil in the Study area shows moderate fertility. Ecological Environment: There is no Wildlife Sanctuary / National Park found in the study area. There are no endemic and endangered species of flora and fauna within the study region. Socio-Economic Environment: As per 2011 census, the study area consists of 43,510 persons inhabited. The literacy level of the study area is 73.22%. As per 2011 census records, altogether the main workers works out to be 52.54% of the total population. The marginal workers constitute to 2.83% of the total population respectively.

III. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

Ambient Air Environment - Particulate and gaseous emissions from vehicle movement will be reduced by the Proper maintenance of internal roads, Green Belt Development on the periphery and open areas. DG sets & fire engines are the only point sources of emission, which will be operated intermittently at emergency conditions. DG sets have been fitted with stacks of adequate height as per CPCB guidelines to provide a natural dispersion of pollutants. Impact on Water Environment - Minimal quantity of sewage will be generated, it will be treated through a septic tank and soak pit within the project premises. Stormwater

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

management will be provided. Impact on Ambient Noise Environment - The source of noise generation within the terminal are DG sets operation and vehicular traffic. DG sets are fitted with acoustic enclosures and will be operated during power shutdown. Greenbelt has been developed around the terminal, which works as a noise barrier for noise. Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation - Municipal solid waste generated from the BPCL terminal, which is disposed of as per provision of Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rule, 2000. Oily Sludge is generated during tank cleaning in every five years. It will be disposed of to State Pollution Control Board approved recyclers. Other hazardous wastes like spent batteries, waste oil, empty drums of oil/chemicals, fluorescent tubing etc. are disposed of in accordance with approved safe procedures. Details on Fire Protection System and Safety Measures - The existing firefighting facilities at the tank farm will be extended to the proposed new tanks as per OISD STD 117. The automatic medium velocity sprinkler system will be provided for all fixed roof tanks. The operational activities for normal operations as well as emergency services for the new tanks will be integrated within the existing terminal management system. The proposed tanks for Biodiesel and Ethanol will tie-in to the existing hydrocarbon receiving and transfer suction lines.

Table 4 - Summary of Safety measures S. No Location Existing Safety measures 1. At storage tanks • ROSOV and MOV are present on inlet and outlet lines for all storage tanks • Level switch, Radar type level gauge, temperature transmitter, manual measurement of level are provided • Radar type level transmitter is used for alarms and trips • Level, temperature signals are sent to control room • H,HH,HHH are configured with HHH to trigger ESD • Hydrocarbon detectors are provided 2. Tanks dyke capacity 110 % of the largest tank

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

3. Firefighting at tank farms Compliant with OISD 117 standard 4. Tank Lorry gantry 2 nos. of ESD are provided one at each end unloading Double earthing provided for tankers; in case of failure, the filling will be stopped

Impact on Socioeconomic Environment - The existing BPCL Terminal after expansion shall meet increased demand for Petroleum products in nearby districts of Karur, Tamil Nadu. It will have a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the area.

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Environmental monitoring plan for operation phases of the proposed expansion of Karur terminal has been prepared to ensure efficiency of implemented mitigation measures. In order to implement the proposed environmental management program efficiently within the organization, periodical monitoring as per statutory guidelines and mid-course corrections/actions, the environmental cell is established for successful implementation of the monitoring plan.

V. BENEFITS OF PROPOSED EXPANSION The project will improve supply position of the Petroleum products in Tamil Nadu, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved petroleum supply will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers at better quality and better price. Availability of product in the vicinity of demand location will be reduced price. Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels and also reduced the probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks. Establishment of large developmental projects improves the availability of the physical infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

VI. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Air Environment Management - Adequate greenbelt has been developed within the existing terminal to mitigate the air and noise pollution arising due to movement of

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vehicles at the existing terminal. Regular monitoring of DG stack and ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out. Water Environment Management - Sewage generated from the terminal will be disposed of through septic tank & soak pit. Oily wastewater from the washing of the facilities will be treated in the Oil Water Separator (OWS). No wastewater will be discharged outside the premises. Noise Environment Management - The source of noise generation within the terminal are DG sets operation and vehicular traffic. DG sets are fitted with acoustic enclosures. Greenbelt has been developed around the terminal, which works as a noise barrier. Solid & Hazardous Waste Management - Municipal solid waste generated at the terminal will be disposed of through the local body. Oily Sludge is generated during tank cleaning in every five years. It will be sent to approved recyclers. Other hazardous wastes like spent batteries, waste oil, empty drums of oil/chemicals, fluorescent tubing etc. are disposed of in accordance with approved safe procedures.

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT The terminal has a well-developed greenbelt area of about 33 % in total plot area.

RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan of existing BPCL terminal at Karur have been carried to ensure acceptability of the on-site and off-site risk exposures as per Petroleum & Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) guidelines.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET – The budget for implementation of mitigation measures and environmental management plan to mitigate the potential adverse environmental impacts during operation phase has been estimated as capital cost Rs. 5 Lakhs and recurring expenditure as Rs. 9 Lakhs.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is a Public Sector Company. Therefore, Corporate Social Responsibility program in the area is undertaken as per Government of India guidelines.

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VII. CONCLUSION Based on the environmental assessment, all possible environmental aspects have been adequately assessed and necessary control measures have been formulated to meet with statutory requirements, in the preparation of the EIA-EMP. The proposed expansion in capacity is very much essential to meet the increasing demands in nearby districts of Karur which consists of both rural and urban areas. Further, M/s. BPCL will also meet the basic requirements of nearby villages like conducting health camps, construction of basic facilities, drinking water supply etc. in the form of CSR activities.

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CHAPTERS BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) has an oil receiving terminal at Karur in Karur district of Tamil Nadu State for the purpose of receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products such as Motor Spirit (MS), High-Speed Diesel (HSD), Superior Kerosene (SKO), Ethanol and Biodiesel. Now proposes to increase the onsite storage capacity of ethanol and introduce storage of biodiesel within the site. Land acquisition is neither required nor envisaged, as the tanks will be located adjacent to the existing storage tanks within the existing premises.

The objective of the study is to assess the environmental impacts due to the proposed expansion. The proposed expansion may cause environmental impacts near the project site during construction and operational phase. The type and intensity of impacts on the various components of the environment vary depending on the nature and size of the project as well as its geographical locations. The net impacts from the individual project can be identified through Environmental Impact Assessment studies of various components of the environment such as noise, air, water, land, biological and socioeconomic. EIA studies form a basis for preparing an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to conserve the environment of the area.

A field survey was carried out at the project site during the non-monsoon season for the collection of primary data and physical information. Secondary information with regard to the demographic profile, habitation, climatic conditions, water resources, land use pattern, cropping pattern, biological indicators, historical importance, industrial development and other environmentally sensitive parameters around the terminal was also collected for authentication of primary data. The information collected was validated at the site.

For baseline data generation, a study area of 10 km radius around the project site of Karur Terminal has been considered. The EIA report based on one season baseline data was

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

prepared, which cover all individual components of the environment and are described in detail in subsequent chapters.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), a Govt. of India Enterprise, is the highest ranked Indian public sector company in the prestigious Fortune 'Global 500' listing. BPCL is engaged in refining and marketing of petroleum products. The company is India's one of the largest commercial enterprises. BPCL has a vast supply and distribution infrastructure comprising depots, terminals, pipeline networks, aviation service stations, LPG bottling plants, POL depots and retail outlets, etc.

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited has an Oil receiving terminal with an existing capacity of 136770 KL at Karur, 5 km away from Karur Railway Station. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited is engaged in the receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products such as Motor Spirit (MS), High-Speed Diesel (HSD) and Superior Kerosene (SKO).

Now, BPCL proposes to install 4 nos. of above ground tanks with aggregate storage capacity of 6716 KL (2 x 858 KL for Ethanol and 2 x 2500 KL for Biodiesel) within the existing terminal having a storage capacity of 136770 KL petroleum products. BPCL obtained Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC for laying a multi-product pipeline from Cochin – Coimbatore –Karur –Thiruchirapally to transport MS, SKO and HSD vide No. J- 11012/11/96-IA.II(I) dated 17.06.1997 (Annexure II). Present facility is being operated with the Consent to Operate No. T12/TNPCB/F.0108KAR/RL/KAR/W&A/2017 dated 29.06.2017 (Annexure III). Final license from PESO, Nagpur was obtained for the existing capacity vide approval P/HQ/TN/15/1946 (P15628) dated 12.01.2015 (Annexure IV). Now, BPCL wants to obtain Environmental Clearance for the proposed capacity expansion.

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND IMPORTANCE TO REGION The BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal has located about 5 km from Karur railway station at Athur & Kadapparai Village, Karur District, Tamil Nadu. The latitude-longitude of the Karur terminal of BPCL is as follows: Latitude : 10°59'36.12"N Longitude : 78° 2'27.39"E The Satellite imagery of the project site is given in Figure 1.1. The location map is shown in Figure 1.2. The Environmental setting of the project site is shown in Table 1.1.

Figure 1.1 - Satellite imagery of the project site

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Table 1.1 - Environmental Settings of the Project Site

S. No. Particulars Details

1 Latitude 10°59'36.12"N

2 Longitude 78°2'27.39"E

3 Site Elevation above MSL 122 m

4 Topography Plain National Highway 7 – 1.8 km (E) 6 Nearest highway State Highway 84 – 1.6 km (S) 7 Nearest railway station Karur Railway Station – 5 km (SE) Tiruchirapalli International Airport – 77 8 Nearest airport km (ESE) 9 Nearest town/city Athur – 1.3 km (W) Kaveri River – 8.5 km (N) 10 Water body Amaravathi River – 4 km (S) 11 Nearest Port Thoothukudi Sea Port – 247 km (SSE)

12 Hills / valleys Nil in 15 km radius

13 Archaeologically important places Nil in 15 km radius National Parks / Wildlife Sanctuaries/Eco-sensitive zones 14 Nil in 15 km radius as per Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 15 Reserved / Protected Forests Nil in 15 km radius Zone II according to the Indian Standard 16 Seismicity Seismic Zoning Map. 17 Defence Installations Nil in 15 km radius

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Figure 1.2 – Location map

Accessibility to Oil Receiving Terminal The oil receiving terminal is located about 5 km from Karur Railway Station and covers an area of approximately 220 acres. To the north and east is the Southern Railway line between Karur and Moorthipalayam junctions, while the state highway SH-84 lies on the south and west. Athur village is located southwest of the facility. The National Highway NH7 and NH67 are found in east and south direction. The Petronet CCK facility is located on the northwest side of the oil storage terminal.

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Figure 1.3 – Road Connectivity Map

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Figure 1.4 - Topo map of the study area Source: Survey of India Toposheet

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Petroleum Products wise storage capacity of the Terminal is shown in Table 1.1: Storage Tank Area of Product Tank Type Tank No Capacity dimensions Location dyke Stored (Roof Type) (KL) Dia x H(m) (m2) T-001A HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-001B HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T1 9415 T-001C HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-001D HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-002A SKO 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-002B SKO 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T2 6338 T-002C MS 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-003A MS 38160 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-003B HSD 38160 BHC Floating 58.5 x 16.0 T3 26002 T-003C MS 9380 BHC Floating 58.5 x 16.0 Cone T-004A SLOP 1075 BHC 13.0 x 9.0 roof T4 1320 Cone T-004B SLOP 1075 BLC 13.0 x 9.0 roof Dished T-006A ETHANOL 100 A/G - H 3.2 x 13.2 end HI SPEED Dished T-006B 100 A/G - H 3.2 x 13.2 HSD end MS Dished T-007B 200 A/G - H 4.0 x 16.4 (SPEED) end BIO- Dished T-008A 200 A/G - H 4.0 x 16.4 DIESEL end Sample Dished T-0010A collection 10 A/G - H 2.0 x 8.5 end tank Sample Dished T-0010B collection 10 A/G - H 2.0 x 3.5 end tank TL fueling Dished U/G 20 U/G - H 7.8 x 3.5 tank end Fixed T-011A Ethanol 858 A/G 9.0 x 13.5 roof 9415 T1 Fixed T-011B Ethanol 858 A/G 9.0 x 13.5 roof Fixed T-012A Biodiesel 2500 A/G 16.0 x 13.5 roof 6338 T2 Fixed T-012B Biodiesel 2500 A/G 16.0 x 13.5 roof

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The expansion of BPCL Karur terminal will improve supply position of the petroleum products which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved petroleum products supply will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers without interruption. The importance of the proposed expansion is identified as follows: • The demand for petroleum products has increased with the urbanization of the places around Karur. • In order to meet the demand, BPCL proposes to increase the storage capacity of their existing terminal at Karur. • The proposed expansion is meant for improving supply position of petroleum products in the villages and small towns around Karur. • The project will directly generate some employment both during construction and operation phase and some indirect employment is also likely to be generated due to this project. This will help to enhance the economic condition of this region. • The project will help for the further development of infrastructure facilities in the region. The project will also provide indirect employment to unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories.

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendments this project is falling under Schedule 6(b) – Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals and ‘Category A’. Hence, this project requires Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Accordingly, the EIA Report has been prepared based on the Standard Terms of Reference issued for “Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals” (as per threshold planning quantity indicated in Column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000).

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1.5 SITE SELECTION For the construction of proposed storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL), no new site has been selected, as enough space is available within the existing terminal in which all infrastructure facilities already exist.

1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT The study was organized to incorporate all relevant critical issues of the proposed expansion project. It was undertaken to gather relevant information from available sources followed by conducting a field survey of the project site and surrounding areas for environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures. Various components of environment covered under the study are discussed below: A. Air Environment Ambient air quality data within 10 km radius were collected. Taking into account micrometeorological conditions, sampling sites were identified. Eight ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within the study area, one monitoring station project site and four monitoring stations located at buffer zone. The parameters selected for ambient air quality status are Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5 & PM10), Sulphur

dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Carbon monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb) and Hydrocarbons. All the parameters were monitored on a 24-hour cycle. The meteorological parameters were also recorded by installing a meteorological station at the terminal to determine the prevailing meteorological conditions during the study period. B. Noise Environment Noise pollution may cause an adverse effect on human beings and associated environment including land, domestic animals, wildlife and natural ecological systems. Hence, noise level surveys were carried out at the site and at different locations within the study area of the project. Measurements were taken at terminal boundaries, residential places like villages and sensitive areas like schools, hospitals etc.

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C. Water Environment Information on water resources was collected. The critical parameters of prime importance were selected and analyzed under physical and chemical (inorganic and organic), aspects. Ground samples were collected from different locations.

water Surface water sourceD. Land are Environment dry during the baseline data collection period. Studies were undertaken to characterize and describe the land environment and various components in terms of land use and cropping patterns, physicochemical properties of soils etc. Soil samples were collected and analyzed. Plant species for the development of green belt were also studied taking attenuation factors into consideration. E. Biological Environment The study was based on physical observation of the species in the project shadow area. The expert team visited the area and collected the data on flora and fauna, forestry and wildlife, as well as the avian scenario. F. Socio-Economic Environment Compilation and collection of the requisite type of data were undertaken, such as demographic pattern, population density per km2 and economic status, educational facilities, medical facilities, health status transport and communication, entertainment etc. Such data were collected from villages falling within a radius of 10 km. 1.7 LIKELY IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT The proposed expansion project i.e. storage and marketing of petroleum products can directly or indirectly affect the environment, so the following dimensions have been studied in detail to analyze the resulting impact on the environment as a whole: - Air Environment - Noise Environment - Water Environment - Land Environment - Biological Environment - Socio Environment

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The assessment of above impacts has been carried out and discussed in the report. M/s. ABC Technolabs India Private Limited conducted the EIA study to assess the impact of the proposed expansion project on the environment. Accordingly, various safeguards have been suggested to ensure that the potential impacts are mitigated and conform to the prescribed limits.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) Environmental Management Plan reviews the adequacy of various pollution control measures envisaged for proposed expansion project in mitigating various environmental impacts identified. EMP has been prepared separately for construction and operation phases. It describes administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigatory measures are implemented and their effectiveness is monitored. It also includes green belt development plan.

1.9 RISK ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Risk Analysis is identification and assessment of the principal case the hazards due to fire & explosion and to formulate accordingly appropriate mitigation measures. The DMP followed by Risk Analysis from the proposed expansion project which will help in identifying the vulnerable points and possible hazards. These are then assessed applying the appropriate risk analysis methods. The detail report for RA and DMP is being submitted separately along with EIA report.

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CHAPTER 2 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 BPCL OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) has an oil receiving terminal at Karur in Karur district of Tamil Nadu State for the purpose of receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products such as Motor Spirit (MS), High-Speed Diesel (HSD) and Superior Kerosene (SKO). The Karur oil receiving terminal receives petroleum products from Petronet CCK (Cochin - Coimbatore - Karur) pipeline distribution network. The existing storage units consist of different types of aboveground tanks. Dispatch from the installation is done by road tankers and train wagons. Oil receiving terminal with an existing capacity of 136770 KL and now proposes to install 4 nos. of above ground tanks with aggregate storage capacity of 6716 KL (2 x 858 KL for Ethanol and 2 x 2500 KL for Biodiesel). After expansion, the storage capacity will increase to 143486 KL.

2.2 DETAILS OF STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT BPCL’S OIL STORAGE TERMINAL The facility comprises of Above Ground and Under Ground Storage tanks for MS, HSD, SKO Ethanol & Biodiesel and loading facilities for tank trucks. MS, HSD & SKO are received from Petronet CCK (Cochin-Coimbatore- Karur pipeline) via pipeline receipt manifold and then transferred via pipeline to the dedicated storage tanks in the hydrocarbon tank farm area. From the storage tanks, the petroleum products are transferred at the loading gantry to trucks for dispatch to retail outlets within the distribution circle for public use. The storage units are grouped within dykes / tank farms (TF 1 – 4) with fire break walls between the tanks. Each dyke is designed to contain any leak of petroleum product and limit the spread of the product from the tanks in the event of leak or failure of tanks.

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Under the proposed enhancement of storage project, new Above Ground (A/G) Fixed Roof Tanks for Ethanol and Biodiesel are proposed to be introduced. The products will be brought to the site and stored at the site for blending. The new tanks for storage of Biodiesel and Ethanol are proposed to be located within the existing tank farm T2 and T1 respectively along with existing storage tanks.

2.3 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION AT BPCL’S OIL STORAGE TERMINAL The present storage capacity of oil storage terminal is total 136770 KL. After expansion, the storage capacity will increase to 143486 KL. Tank Details are given below in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 - Details of Existing and Proposed Tanks Storage Tank Area of Product Tank Type Tank No Capacity dimensions Location dyke Stored (Roof Type) (KL) Dia x H(m) (m2) T-001A HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-001B HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T1 9415 T-001C HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-001D HSD 8740 BHC Floating 28.0 x 16.0 T-002A SKO 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-002B SKO 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T2 6338 T-002C MS 4440 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-003A MS 38160 BHC Floating 22.0 x 13.5 T-003B HSD 38160 BHC Floating 58.5 x 16.0 T3 26002 T-003C MS 9380 BHC Floating 58.5 x 16.0 Cone T-004A SLOP 1075 BHC 13.0 x 9.0 roof T4 1320 Cone T-004B SLOP 1075 BLC 13.0 x 9.0 roof Dished T-006A ETHANOL 100 A/G - H 3.2 x 13.2 end HI SPEED Dished T-006B 100 A/G - H 3.2 x 13.2 HSD end MS Dished T-007B 200 A/G - H 4.0 x 16.4 (SPEED) end T-008A BIO- 200 A/G - H Dished 4.0 x 16.4

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DIESEL end Sample Dished T-0010A collection 10 A/G - H 2.0 x 8.5 end tank Sample Dished T-0010B collection 10 A/G - H 2.0 x 3.5 end tank TL fueling Dished U/G 20 U/G - H 7.8 x 3.5 tank end Fixed T-011A Ethanol 858 A/G 9.0 x 13.5 roof 9415 T1 Fixed T-011B Ethanol 858 A/G 9.0 x 13.5 roof Fixed T-012A Biodiesel 2500 A/G 16.0 x 13.5 roof 6338 T2 Fixed T-012B Biodiesel 2500 A/G 16.0 x 13.5 roof Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

2.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS  The main operational activities in the installation are receipt of MS, HSD and SKO, storage in designated tanks and truck loading for distribution. - The Karur oil receiving terminal receives petroleum products from PETRONET CCK (Cochin - Coimbatore - Karur) pipeline distribution network. Storage in different types of aboveground tanks. Dispatch from the installation is done by road tankers and train wagons.

 In addition to existing operations, receipt, transfer and storage of ethanol and biodiesel are envisaged.

The operation details of the proposed additional operations are given below:

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I. Receipt and Unloading of Biodiesel & Ethanol Biodiesel & Ethanol are received and unloaded from road tank lorries at TLF pump house gantry and transferred to proposed storage tanks via 10” pipeline.

II. Storage of Biodiesel & Ethanol (newly dedicated tanks in existing dykes) The petroleum products are to be filled to 90% level in the proposed Above Ground (A/G) Storage Tanks. III. Dispatch of Biodiesel & Ethanol From the storage tanks, the Biodiesel & Ethanol are transferred to trucks at the loading gantry for dispatch to retail outlets within the distribution circle for public use.

Figure 2.1 - Process Flow Chart Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

2.5 INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES AT THE BPCL KARUR TERMINAL

The lists of equipments and other facilities available at the terminal are shown in Table 2.2:

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Table 2.2 - List of Equipments / Facilities at BPCL Karur Terminal Total S. No Equipment Capacity Number 1. TLF Pumps for HSD 3 440 KL/hr 2. TLF Pumps for HSD 1 250 KL/hr 3. TLF Pumps for SKO 2 240 KL/hr 4. TLF Pumps for MS 3 165 KL/hr 5. TLF Pumps for SLOP 2 33 KL/hr 6. PROVER pump 1 27.5 KL/hr 7. TLF Pumps for Ethanol loading 1 108 KL/hr 8. TLF Pumps for MS(Speed) 2 50 KL/hr 9. TLF Pumps for Ethanol unloading 1 138 KL/hr 10. TLF Pumps for Biodiesel unloading 1 150 KL/hr 11. TLF Pumps for Biodiesel unloading 1 250 KL/hr 12. TLF Pumps for Biodiesel loading 1 250 KL/hr 13. TLF Pumps for High-speed Loading 1 250 KL/hr 14. DG Set-1 1 750 KVA 15. DG Set-2 1 300 KVA 16. BHC tank of MS 1 4440 KL 17. BHC tank of MS 1 38160 KL 18. BHC tank of MS 1 9380 KL 19. BHC tank of HSD 4 8740 KL 20. BHC of HSD 1 38160 KL 21. BHC tank of SKO 2 4440 KL 22. BHC tank of SLOP 2 1075 KL 23. Above Ground Tanks of Ethanol 1 100 KL 24. Above Ground Tanks of Hi-speed HSD 1 100 KL 25. Above Ground Tanks of MS (Speed) 1 200 KL 26. Above Ground Tank of Biodiesel 1 200 KL 27. Underground Sample Collection Tanks 2 10 KL 28. Underground TL Fueling Tank 1 20 KL 29. BHC tanks of Ethanol 2 858 KL 30. BHC tank of Biodiesel 2 2500 KL 31. Firewater Tanks 2 3070 KL 32. Firewater Tank 1 4242 KL Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

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2.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF FIXED CONE ROOF TANK BPCL proposes to use cone roof type of storage tanks for storage of Ethanol and Biodiesel at its terminal in Karur. Fixed cone roof tanks are commonly used for storage of petroleum products with vapor pressures close to atmospheric pressure. The tanks have their own advantages and disadvantages and tend to introduce unequal risk to the operation.

 The tanks have permanently attached the cone shaped roof. Fixed roof tanks have a weak roof-to-shell seam. In the event of internal overpressure from an explosion, the design allows the roof to separate from the vertical shell to prevent failure of bottom seams and the tank being propelled upward.

 These tanks have venting capability to allow the tank to “breathe” during loading, unloading and extreme temperature changes.

2.6 POWER REQUIREMENT The power supply for existing terminal operations is 500 KVA, same will be used for expansion also. In absence of supply from the grid, the power requirement is met through captive DG sets only. The details of DG sets are given in Table 2.3:

Table 2.3 - Details of D.G sets Capacity Stack Height from Stack Diameter S. No. Number Fuel Used (KVA) Ground level (m) (Nm3/hr) 1 500 2 HSD BS III 3 7.5 2 200 1 HSD BS III 1.5 Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

All DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures.

2.7 LAND REQUIREMENT BPCL Karur oil receiving terminal is located on 220 Acres area. No additional land is required for the proposed construction of new storage tanks. The layout showing existing as well as proposed tanks (Figure 2.2).

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Figure 2.2 - Layout Plan of BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

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2.8 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT At present total 99 employees are available for operation of BPCL terminal at Karur. Manpower breakup is given in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 - Manpower Requirements Activity No. of persons in General shift Pipeline receipt and unloading activities Exchange pit 3 Truck loading/unloading activities TLF gantry 4 Truck loading bay (driver & cleaner) 64 Others Administration 15 Security 7 Maintenance 1 Electrical shed 1 Firefighting 4 Total 99 Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal Manpower requirement after installation of new storage tanks will remain same.

2.9 WATER REQUIREMENT AND SOURCE  Approximately 3 KLD of water is required during operation of the terminal, which is sourced through borewell within the premises.  This includes domestic consumption, flushing, etc.,  No additional water requirement is envisaged for the proposed expansion.

2.10 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL  Wastewater generated during operation phase will be disposed of through septic tank followed by soak pit.  Rainwater from tank farm is passed through Oil Water Separator (OWS).  There will be no process/trade effluent generated during operation of BPCL Karur Terminal.

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2.11 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL The following measures are taken for management of solid waste in BPCL Karur Terminal:  Municipal Solid Waste generated from the BPCL terminal is disposed as per provision of Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rule, 2000.  Oily sludge will be generated at the time of cleaning of tanks once in every 5 years. It will be treated through bioremediation technique (Using a bacterial consortium that degrades oily sludge).  Other hazardous wastes like spent batteries, waste oil, empty drums of oil/chemicals, fluorescent tubing etc. are disposed of in accordance with approved safe procedures.

2.12 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM  The existing firefighting facilities at the tank farm will be extended to the proposed new tanks as per OISD STD 117.  Automatic medium velocity sprinkler system will be provided for all fixed roof tanks.  The operational activities for normal operations as well as emergency services for the new tanks will be integrated within the existing terminal management system.  The proposed tanks for Biodiesel and Ethanol will tie-in to the existing hydrocarbon receiving and transfer suction lines.

2.13 HYDROCARBON DETECTORS The Class-A tank farm and petroleum products pump house manifold are equipped with Hydrocarbon detectors. These detectors can sense any leakages and communicate the same to the control room with an audible alarm at two locations. The main objective of the hydrocarbon detectors is to detect hydrocarbon gas concentrations in the terminal and initiate alarm or shutdown system as the case may be, at pre-defined levels to prevent any hazardous events and act as independent safety layers for mitigation of consequences to achieve overall process safety requirements of the terminal. Hydrocarbon Detection system is designed to perform its function during normal,

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abnormal and design basis conditions. Control system is based on open architecture system topology with fault tolerant network capabilities.

2.14 DETAILS OF SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE TERMINAL In this section, all the safety systems, both preventive and mitigative, have been collated and linked to the individual scenarios considered. These are summarized below:

Table 2.5 - Summary of Safety measures S. No Location Existing Safety measures 1. At storage tanks • ROSOV and MOV are present on inlet and outlet lines for all storage tanks • Level switch, Radar type level gauge, temperature transmitter, manual measurement of level are provided • Radar type level transmitter is used for alarms and trips • Level, temperature signals are sent to control room • H,HH,HHH are configured with HHH to trigger ESD • Hydrocarbon detectors are provided for MS tank 2. Tanks dyke 110 % of the largest tank capacity 3. Firefighting at tank Compliant with OISD 117 standard farms 4. Tank Lorry gantry 2 nos. of ESD are provided one at each end unloading Double earthing provided for tankers; in case of failure, the filling will be stopped Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

2.15 COST OF PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE Total project cost of the proposed construction of Ethanol and Biodiesel tanks is estimated Rs. 15 Crores.

It is envisaged to complete the construction of the proposed tanks in 6 months time from the date of start of construction after according environmental clearance (EC) for the proposed project.

BPCL KARUR OIL RECEIVING TERMINAL

CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of various Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydrogeological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for the protection of the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project.

3.2 SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes. Table 3.1 Environmental Attributes S. Attribute Parameter Source of Data No. Wind Speed, Wind Climatology Indian Meteorological direction, Relative 1 & Department and Site specific Humidity, Rainfall and Meteorology information Temperature Water Physical and Chemical Monitored Data (Ground 2 Quality Parameters Water - 8 locations)

Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO 3 Monitored Data (8 locations) Quality & Lead 4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Monitored Data (8 locations) Existing terrestrial flora Field survey and Secondary Ecology 5 and fauna within the study sources

area 6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources

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Soil types and samples Analysis of soil samples at six 7 Soil analyzed for physical and locations chemical parameters. Socio- Socio-Economic Based on field survey and 8 economic characteristics of the data collected from secondary Aspects affected area sources Trend of land use change 9 Land Use Secondary data for different categories

Table 3.2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Sampling Measurement Attributes Remarks Network Frequency Method A. Meteorology Wind Speed, Wind direction, Weather Relative Continuous Project site monitor with Humidity, for 3 months database Rainfall and Temperature B. Air Environment Gravimetric Particulate (High- Volume Matter (PM10) with Cyclone) As per Gravimetric CPCB Particulate 24 hourly- (High- Volume standards Matter (PM2.5) Twice a week with Cyclone) under 18th for 3 months in EPA Modified November Oxides of Non- Monsoon Requisite West & Gaeke 2009 Sulphur (SO2) season locations in method Notification the project Arsenite for Oxides of influence Modified Jacob & National Nitrogen (NOx) area Hochheiser Ambient 24 hourly-twice a IS 5182: Part 12: Air Quality week for 1 1991 Standards Hydrocarbons (NAAQS) (HC) months in non- monsoon season

Carbon Gas Analyzer

Monoxide (NDIR) C. Noise Requisite Hourly Instrument: locations in IS: 4954 equivalent noise Once Sound level the project 1968 levels meter influence

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area D. Water Parameters for water quality: pH, temp, Samples for turbidity, Total water quality hardness, total collected and alkalinity, analyzed as per chloride, IS: 2488 (Part 1- sulphate, nitrate, 5) methods for fluoride, sodium, sampling and Set of grab potassium, testing of samples At Electrical Industrial requisite Conductivity, effluents locations for Once Ammonical Standard ground and nitrogen, methods for the surface Nitrate-Nitrogen examination of water total water and phosphorus, wastewater BOD, COD, analysis Calcium, published by Magnesium, American Public Total Dissolved Health Solids, Total Association. Suspended Solids E. Land Environment Parameter for soil quality: pH, Requisite texture, soil samples electrical be collected Collected and conductivity, as per BIS analyzed as per Once in organic matter, specification soil analysis season nitrogen, within reference book, phosphate, project M.L.Jackson sodium, calcium, influence potassium and area Magnesium. F. Biological Environment Requisite Collected and Terrestrial & locations in Once in analyzed as per Aquatic Flora the project season IUCN Red Data and Fauna influence book. area

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3.3 RAINFALL & CLIMATE The district receives the rain under the influence of both southwest and northeast monsoons. The northeast monsoon chiefly contributes to the rainfall in the district. Most of the precipitation occurs in the form of cyclonic storms caused due to the depressions in the Bay of Bengal. The southwest monsoon rainfall is highly erratic and summer rains are negligible. Rainfall data from three stations over the period 1901- 2000 were utilized and a perusal of the analysis shows that the normal annual rainfall over the district varies from about 620 mm to 745 mm. It is the minimum around Aravakurichi (622.7mm) in the western part of the district. It gradually increases towards eastwards and attains a maximum around Kulithalai (744.6mm). The district enjoys a tropical climate. The period from March to May is generally hot and dry. The weather is pleasant during the period from November to January. Usually, mornings are more humid than afternoons. The relative humidities are generally between 40 and 80%. But in the period from February to July the air is comparatively drier in the afternoon. The mean maximum temperature ranges from 26.7 to 38.56 °C and the mean minimum temperature ranges from 18.7°C to 29.3 °C. The daytime heat is oppressive and the temperature is as high as 43.9°C. The lowest temperature recorded is of the order of 13.9°C.

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Table 3.3 – Karur District Weather Report from 19 June 2017 to 17 July 2017 Relative Humidity Air Temp. (⁰C) Wind Speed Summary (%) (kph) Max Min Max Min 19/06/17 36.6 27.4 70 32.2 18.8 20/06/17 36.1 27.4 70 34 15.8 21/06/17 35.8 27.5 69 39.4 9.1 22/06/17 36.8 26.8 75.1 36.1 6.6 23/06/17 39 26.5 77.2 29.2 4.6 24/06/17 37.9 27.8 65.3 30.7 3.5 25/06/17 35.5 28.1 59.5 34.5 3.3 26/06/17 34.9 27.5 65.4 40.7 3.0 27/06/17 32.9 26.6 73.5 49.5 6.8 28/06/17 33.1 26.4 76.1 40.2 16.2 29/06/17 36.3 27.8 65 32.4 19.0 30/06/17 35.7 26.7 72.5 39.2 10.4 1/07/17 38.8 26.2 73.7 28.8 4.1 2/07/17 35.8 27.2 72.4 41.2 6.2 3/07/17 35.3 26.4 77.2 40.3 7.9 4/07/17 36.6 26.1 75 39.3 7.9 5/07/17 36.7 26.8 75.8 36.8 7.4 6/07/17 37.3 26.3 77.4 33 4.7 7/07/17 35.1 27.4 67.8 36.4 9.3 8/07/17 34.6 26.8 88.6 30.1 9.4 9/07/17 33.1 24.4 95.5 48.7 5.7 10/07/17 36.7 23.5 87 32.4 11.6 11/07/17 38.9 26.7 69.9 30.2 7.0 12/07/17 32.9 28 68.9 48.2 4.9 13/07/17 34.8 25.9 91.7 39.2 8.1 14/07/17 33.2 25.2 73.7 43.9 7.1 15/07/17 38 25.9 75.9 29.1 5.3 16/07/17 35.2 26.8 69.4 38.8 7.9 17/07/17 34.9 27.5 65.4 40.7 3.0

The windrose from 19 June 2017 to 17 July 2017 is given in Figure 3.1.

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Figure 3.1 – Windrose from 19 June 2017 to 17 July 2017

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3.4 DRAINAGE A major part of Karur district is drained by Cauvery River. Amaravathi, Kodavanar and Pungar are the important rivers draining the western part of the district and the river Pungar drains in the eastern part of the district. The drainage pattern, in general, is dendritic. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows during the monsoon period. The river Cauvery is flowing on the northern and eastern boundaries. The River Amaravathi is flowing through Kparamathi, Aravakurichi, Thanthoni and Karur blocks and joins with Cauvery at Nerur. Kodavanar, which is one of the important tributaries of Amaravathi River, drains the western part of the district. Originating in Rangamalai hills located on the border of Karur and Dindigul district. It flows from south to north and joins with the River Amaravathi at Karuvadampatti. The Nanganji River, flowing in the western part of the district, has its origin from the Kottaivali hills in Dindigul district. It flows towards north through Aravakurichi and K.Paramathi blocks and joins with the River Amaravathi at Ariyur. The Pungar River, flowing across the eastern part of the district, has its origin in the Kadavur hills located in the southern part of Karur district. It flows towards north through Kadavur and Krishnarayapuram blocks and joins with the river Cauvery at Timmachalapuram. Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Karur District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board, 2007. The Drainage Map (10 km) of the project site is given as Figure 3.2.

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Figure 3.2 – Drainage Map (10 km) of the Project site

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3.5 GEOMORPHOLOGY The entire area of the district is a Pedi plain. The Rangamalai hills and Kadavur hills occurring on the southern side of the district constitutes the remnants of the much denuded Eastern Ghats and rise to heights of over 1031 m above mean sea level. From these hills, the district slopes gently towards the northeast and from a vast stretch of the plain country till the eastern border of the district. There are numerous small residual hills represented by Ayyarmalai, Thanthonimalai and Velayuthampalayam hills. The general elevation of the area is ranging between 100 m and 200m above mean sea level The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural hill, 2) Pediments, 3) Shallow Pediments, 4) Buried Pediments and 5) Alluvial plain.

3.6 SOIL The soils of Karur district can be broadly classified into 4 major soils types viz., Red Soil, Thin Red Soil, Red Loam and River Alluvium Soil. Red soil is the predominant one covering the major part of the district followed by Thin Red soil and Red loam. The red soils are predominantly seen in Kadavur, Kulithalai, Krishnarayapuram, Thanthoni and Thogamalai blocks. The thin red soils are seen in Aravakurichi and K.Paramathiy blocks. A major portion of the Karur block is covered by red loam.

3.7 HYDROGEOLOGY Karur district is underlain entirely by Archaean Crystalline formations with recent alluvial deposits occurring along the river and streams courses. Weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks and the recent alluvial deposits constitute the important aquifer systems in the district. The porous formations in the district are represented by river alluvium. These alluvial deposits are confined to the Major River and stream courses only. Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions. The maximum saturated thickness of these aquifers is up to 10 m depending upon the topographic conditions. The hard consolidated crystalline rocks of Archaean age represent weathered, fissured and fractured formations of gneisses, granites, charnockites and other associated rocks. Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in the fractured

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zones. The thickness of the weathered mantle of the hard rocks is varying from less than a meter to as much as 20.10 m. It is within the depth of 15m in a major part of the district. The Specific capacity of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks from 31 to 200 lpm / m. of drawdown. The yield characteristics of wells vary considerably depending on the topographic set-up, lithology and the degree of weathering. The yield of borewells drilled down to a depth of 70 to 100 m, by various state agencies mainly for domestic purposes ranged from 100 to 600 lpm. The yield of successful borewells drilled down to a depth of 200 m bgl during the ground water exploration programme of Central Ground Water Board ranged from 0.50 to 14.00 lps. The aquifer and well parameters of the wells show wide variation. The depth to water level in the district varied between 1.97 – 7.80 m bgl during the pre- monsoon period (May 2006) and varied between 1.35 – 6.83 m bgl during post monsoon depth to water level (Jan 2007). The seasonal fluctuation shows a rise in water level, which ranges from 0.46 to 1.98 m. The piezometric head varied between 3.53 to 5.34 m bgl (May 2006) during pre-monsoon and 2.04 to 7.59 m bgl during post monsoon.

4.1.1 Long Term Fluctuation (1998-2007) The long-term water level fluctuation for the period 1997-2007 indicates a rise in water level in the area 0.00222 - 0.5556 m/year and the fall in water level ranging between 0.0202 - 0.2748 m.year. Aquifer Parameters The specific capacity in the weathered, partly weathered and jointed rocks vary from 31 to 240.5 lpm/m/dd and the Transmissivity values in weathered, partly weathered and jointed rocks vary from 15.5 to 154 m2/day. The optimum yield varied from 45.40 to 441.60 m3/day. The specific capacity in the fissured and fractured formation ranges from 6.89 to 117.92 lpm/m/dd and the Transmissivity values range from 11.42 to 669.12 m2/day. In the porous formation, the specific capacity values vary from 135 to 958 lpm/m.dd and the Transmissivity values ranged from 67.5 to 264.5 m2/day. The optimum yield varied from 232.8 to 549.6 m3/day.

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3.8 SEISMICITY There are 4 major seismic zones (zones II, III, IV and V) in India, based on the seismotectonic parameters, history of seismicity and certain geophysical parameters. The project site at Athur & Kadapparai Village, Karur District comes under Seismic Zone II.

Figure 3.3 - Map showing seismic tectonic zone

3.9 AIR ENVIRONMENT The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of ambient air monitoring carried out during 19 June 2017 to 17 July 2017. The methodology adopted for Air quality survey is given below.

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3.9.1 Selection of Sampling Locations The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatologically data. • Topography / Terrain of the study area • Human Settlements • Health status • Accessibility of monitoring site • Resource Availability • Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status • Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas. The Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations are given in Table 3.4 and shown in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4 – Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations

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Table 3.4 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Direction Distance with the with Geographical Environmental Code Location respect to respect to location Setting project project site site (km) 10°59’22.02”N Rural / AAQ 1 Project site -- -- 78°02’22.00”E Residential Area 10°59’54.02”N Rural / AAQ 2 Nochipalayam West 2.10 78°01’08.01”E Residential Area Thannaasi 11°01’22.08”N Rural / AAQ 3 NW 3.70 Goundanur 78°01’13.08”E Residential Area 11°00’26.01”N Rural / AAQ 4 Vadugapatti NE 2.3 78°03’25.30”E Residential Area 11°01’36.30”N Rural / AAQ 5 Manmangalam NE 4.50 78°03’51.30”E Residential Area Vennamalai 10°59’20.01”N Rural / AAQ 6 EAST 3.80 78°04’33.80”E Residential Area Vaiyapuri 10°57’49.05”N Commercial AAQ 7 SE 4.4 nagar – Karur 78°03’51.10”E Area 10°57’47.90”N Rural / AAQ 8 Salapalayami SW 4.60 78°00’28.04”E Residential Area

3.9.2 Parameters for Sampling The parameters chosen for assessment of ambient air quality were Particulate Matter<10

(PM10), Particulate Matter<2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur-di-oxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (THC).

3.9.3 Instruments Used For Sampling Respirable Dust Samplers APM- 460 BL of Envirotech was used for monitoring

Particulate matter (PM-10), gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. Fine Particulate

Samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was used for monitoring PM2.5.

3.9.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

PM10 and PM2.5 have been estimated by gravimetric method. In RDS, ambient air is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles, these particles fall through the cyclone’s conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The

fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable particulate matter (PM10) passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the

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blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers which contains

absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 lpm.

PM2.5 was determined by Fine Particulate Sampler. The air inlet has a circular symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind direction and is designed to keep out rain, insects and very large particles. The inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage designed to trap particles with an aerodynamic diameter larger than 10 microns. Thus the air stream in the down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates. The streamlined air flow of the down tube is accelerated through the nozzle of the well- shaped impactor designed to trap medium size particulates with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors due to the tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction surface a 37mm diameter GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction surface. The air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of microns. These fine particles are collected on a special Teflon membrane filter of 47 mm diameter. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-IV, 1975) has been

adopted for the estimation of NOx. The techniques for sampling and analysis of parameters are presented in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 - Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

S. No Parameters Technique

1 Particulate Matter (PM10), µg/m3 Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5), µg/m3 Gravimetric (Fine particulate Sampler)

3 Oxides of Sulphur (SO2), µg/m3 EPA Modified West & Gaeke method

4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), µg/m3 Modified Jacob & Hochheiser 5 Carbon monoxide (CO), mg/m3 Electrochemical Sensor 6 Lead (Pb), µg/m3 IS 5182 P 22 7 Hydrocarbon IS 5182: Part 12: 1991

3.9.5 Results Various parameters like maximum, minimum and average have been computed from the monitored data for all the locations and Summary of Ambient Air Quality test results are presented in Tables 3.6.

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Table 3.6 – Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result

PM10( µg/m3) PM 2.5( µg/m3) SO2( µg/m3) NOX( µg/m3) Code Location 98 98 98 98 Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Per Per Per Per AAQ1 Project Site 35.0 49.4 39.5 48.7 14.8 21.8 17.6 21.7 6.2 8.8 7.5 8.7 13.4 18.7 16.0 18.7 AAQ2 AIBEA Nagar 28.1 32.6 30.2 32.5 10.4 13.5 11.8 13.5 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 8.3 10.6 9.6 10.6

AAQ3 Gandhi Nagar 31.9 40.3 35.8 40.0 12.8 17.0 15.1 16.8 <5.0 5.5 <5.0 5.5 9.6 12.9 11.3 12.8

AAQ4 Vangal 36.9 44.2 40.5 44.0 15.1 21.9 19.1 21.8 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.8 10.4 14.1 11.5 14.0

AAQ5 Malayampalayam 60.8 73.4 66.8 73.1 27.4 33.6 31.0 33.5 7.3 10.6 9.8 10.6 17.5 22.3 20.2 22.2

AAQ6 Viswanathapuri 33.7 39.8 37.8 39.8 14.8 17.0 15.5 16.9 <5.0 5.3 <5.0 5.3 9.6 13.9 10.9 13.8

AAQ7 Reddipalayam 69.0 80.2 73.9 79.9 33.4 41.4 36.5 41.1 9.7 13.6 11.1 13.4 22.4 28.1 24.6 27.8

AAQ8 Panchamadevi 36.9 43.9 41.0 43.8 17.0 21.9 19.4 21.8 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.8 9.7 13.6 11.3 13.6 CPCB / MoEF Standards Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80

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CO mg/m3 Pb ( µg/m3) THC( µg/m3) Code Location Min Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg 98 Per

AAQ1 Project site 0.11 0.16 0.13 0.16 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 13 24 18 24

AAQ2 Nochipalayam <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------

AAQ3 Thannaasi Goundanur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------

AAQ4 Vadugapatti <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------

AAQ5 Manmangalam 0.13 0.24 0.18 0.24 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------Vennamalai AAQ6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------

Vaiyapuri nagar – AAQ7 0.35 0.53 0.44 0.52 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------Karur AAQ8 Salapalayam <0.1 0.14 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ------

CPCB / MoEF Standards Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area 2 1 ---

BDL Below Detectable Limit

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3.9.6 Observations

PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations of PM10 were recorded as 80.2 µg/m3 and 28.1 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at the Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur and the minimum concentration was recorded at Nochipalayam. The average concentrations were ranged between 30.2 and 73.9 µg/m3.

3 PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 41.4 µg/m and 10.4 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at the Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur and the minimum concentration was recorded at Nochipalayam. The average values were observed to be in the range of 11.8 and 36.5 µg/m3.

3 SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 13.6 µg/m and <5.0. The maximum concentration was recorded at Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur. The average values were observed to be in the range of <5.0 and 11.1 µg/m3.

3 NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 28.1 µg/m and 8.3 µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Vaiyapuri Nagar -Karur and the minimum concentration was recorded at Nochipalayam. The average values were observed to be in the range of 9.6 and 24.6 µg/m3. CO: The maximum CO concentrations was recorded as 0.53 mg/m3 and minimum was BDL (<0.1). Lead: The Lead concentrations were recorded as BDL (<0.1) in all locations. THC: The maximum THC concentrations was recorded as 24 µg/m3.

The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and Lead are observed to be well within the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Industrial, Rural, Residential and Other area.

3.10 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.

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3.10.1 Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry, residential area, Highways and Institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are presented in Table 3.7 and shown in Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.5 - Map showing the location of Noise level monitoring stations

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Table 3.7 – Noise Quality Monitoring stations

Direction Distance with Geographical with respect to Environmental Code Sample location location respect to project site Setting project site ( km) 10°59’42.09”N N1 Project site -- -- Rural / Residential Area 78°02’24.20”E 10°59’54.01”N N2 Nochipalayam West 2.10 Rural / Residential Area 78°01’08.02”E Thannaasi Goundanur 11°01’22.04”N N3 NW 3.70 Rural / Residential Area 78°01’14.03”E 11°00’26.04”N N4 Vadugapatti NE 2.3 Rural / Residential Area 78°03’25.20”E

11°01’36.50”N N5 Manmangalam NE 4.50 Rural / Residential Area 78°03’51.50”E Vennamalai 10°59’20.01”N N6 EAST 3.80 Rural / Residential Area 78°04’33.40”E Vaiyapuri nagar - Karur 10°57’49.08”N N7 SE 4.4 Commercial Area 78°03’51.02”E 10°57’47.70”N N8 Salapalayam SW 4.60 Rural / Residential Area 78°00’28.03”E

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3.10.2 Instrument used for Sampling Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter measures the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding function mode.

3.10.3 Method of Monitoring Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for an audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in a 10- km radius of the study area. The noise levels were measured once during the study period. These readings were later tabulated and the frequency distribution table was prepared. Finally, hourly and 24 hourly values for various noise parameters viz. Lday and Lnight were calculated. For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels exceed the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 percent of the time and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq) The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because the sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.

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This is calculated from the following equation:

Leq = L50 + (L10 - L90)2/60

Parameters Measured During Monitoring For noise levels measured over a given period of the time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time, certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels id described below: Hourly Leq day: Equivalent noise levels between 6.00 hours to 22.00 hours. Leq night: Equivalent noise levels between 22.00 hours to 6.00 hours.

3.10.4 Results

The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight are presented in Table 3.8 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB mentioned below in Table 3.9. Table 3.8 – Ambient Noise Level

Code Sample location Leq day [dB(A)] Leq Night [dB(A)] Leq [dB(A)]

N1 Project site 53.9 42.4 52.3 N2 Nochipalayam 49.1 37.9 47.5 N3 Thannaasi Goundanur 50.4 40.6 48.9 N4 Vadugapatti 51.4 39.1 49.8 N5 Manmangalam 53.2 44.0 51.7 N6 Vennamalai 49.7 41.3 48.2 N7 Vaiyapuri nagar - Karur 58.3 46.8 56.7 N8 Salapalayam 50.5 42.9 49.1

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Table 3.9 – Ambient Noise Quality Standards Limits in dB (A) Leq Category of Area / Zone Day Time Night Time Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40 Source: CPCB Note: Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

3.10.5 Observations Daytime Noise Levels Noise levels during daytime were found to be in the range 49.1 to 58.3 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 58.3 dB (A) at Vaiyapuri nagar – Karur and a minimum of 49.1 dB (A) was observed at Nochipalayam. Nighttime Noise Levels Noise levels observed to fall in the range 37.9 to 46.8 dB (A) during the night time. A maximum of 46.8 dB (A) was observed at Vaiyapuri nagar – Karur and a minimum of 37.9 dB (A) was observed at Nochipalayam. Measured noise levels are observed to be in compliance with prescribed standards for ambient noise for the respective applicable categories.

3.11 WATER ENVIRONMENT Water sampling has been conducted to establish baseline water quality in the area. Water analysis was carried out for physical and chemical parameters as per the methods prescribed in IS and “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (American Public Health Association)”.

3.11.1 Sampling Locations The details of the water sampling stations are presented in the Table 3.10 and shown in Figure 3.6.

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Table – 3.10 Water quality monitoring locations

Distance with Direction with Location Geographical Type of Location respect to respect to Code location water project site (km) project site 10°59’41.02”N Ground GW1 Project site -- -- 78°02’25.20”E Water 10°59’37.07”N Ground GW2 Nochipalayam 2.10 West 78°01’10.07”E Water Thannaasi 11°01’25.10”N Ground GW3 3.70 NW Goundanur 78°01’16.30”E Water 11°00’26.09”N Ground GW4 Vadugapatti 2.3 NE 78°03’29.20”E Water 11°01’36.60”N Ground GW5 Manmangalam 4.50 NE 78°03’51.80”E Water 10°59’24.90”N Ground GW6 Vennamalai 3.80 EAST 78°04’33.70”E Water Vaiyapuri nagar - 10°57’50.30”N GW7 4.4 SE Karur 78°03’51.00”E Water 10°57’48.70”N Ground GW8 Salapalayam 4.60 SW 78°00’28.00”E Water Ground

Figure 3.6 - Map showing Water quality monitoring locations

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3.11.2 Results The physicochemical characteristics of water in the study area are presented in the Tables 3.11 and is compared with the standards (IS 10500: Indian Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference values.

Table 3.11 – Results for Water Analysis

S. Limit as per Parameters Unit Test method GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 No IS 10500 : 2012

1 Temperature °C --- Not Specified 26.6 26.7 27.5 26.7

2 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil Nil

No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour 3 Odour - APHA 22nd EDITION Unobjectionable Observed Observed Observed Observed

4 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 6.5-8.5 7.50 7.46 7.23 7.50

5 Electrical Conductivity, IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) Not Specified 1444 2796 12030 1608

6 Turbidity μS/cmNTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 1 BDL (<0.5) BDL (<0.5) BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 500 804 1565 6735 900

Total Hardness as 8 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 420 420 1660 600 CaCO3

Total Alkalinity as 9 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 200 333 376 445 248 CaCO3

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 250 185 519 3199 215

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11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-4500- SO42- E 200 105 253 1545 149

12 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.0 1.06 2.09 1.77 1.01

13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NO3- B 45 40.5 55 22 55 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 14 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C Not Specified BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 15 0.02 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) Not Specified BDL(<0.01) 0.08 0.13

16 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 144 346 1100 124

17 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 8 12 70 12 18 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 75 52 136 328 124

19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-3500,Mg - B 30 69 19 202 70

20 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.3 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

21 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Mn D 0.1 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) Phenolic compounds as APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D 22 mg/l C6H5OH 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

23 Copper as Cu mg/l IS:3025 Part 42 (Reaff:2003) 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

nd 24 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3112B 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

nd 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.003 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

nd 26 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

nd 27 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

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28 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

nd 29 Lead as Pd mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

nd 30 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3111 B 5 0.08 0.25 2.78 0.18

nd 31 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

nd 32 Nickel mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.02 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) 33 Aluminium as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Al-B 2012 0.03 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) 34 Pesticides µg/l USEPA 525.2 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

S. Limit as per Parameters Unit Test method GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 No IS 10500 : 2012

1 Temperature °C --- Not Specified 27 27.1 28.1 27.1

2 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil Nil

No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour 3 Odour - APHA 22nd EDITION Unobjectionable Observed Observed Observed Observed

4 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 6.5-8.5 6.92 7.02 7.95 7.23

5 Electrical Conductivity, IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2002) Not Specified 2797 2824 2246 3355

6 Turbidity μS/cmNTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2002) 1 0.5 BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2003) 500 1566 1581 1258 1879

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Total Hardness as 8 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 200 900 820 270 1140 CaCO3

Total Alkalinity as 9 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2003) 200 386 424 222 345 CaCO3

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2003) 250 410 515 155 680

nd 2- 11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22 EDN-4500- SO4 E 200 349 207 586 173

12 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-F B&D 1.0 2.16 1.52 2.44 1.77

nd - 13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22 EDN -4500- NO3 B 45 57 45 2.7 55.7 BDL BDL BDL (<0.05) BDL 14 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500- NH3 B&C Not Specified (<0.05) (<0.05) (<0.05) 15 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2002) Not Specified 0.06 0.43 0.06 0.43

16 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 216 248 320 271

17 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) Not Specified 20 22 60 122 18 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 75 160 148 56 240

19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN-3500,Mg - B 30 120 140 31 130

20 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53-2003 0.3 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

23 Copper as Cu mg/l IS:3025 Part 42 (Reaff:2003) 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

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nd 24 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3112B 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

nd 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.003 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

nd 26 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

nd 27 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

28 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

nd 29 Lead as Pd mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

nd 30 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3111 B 5 0.20 0.14 0.13 0.25

nd 31 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22 EDN -3113 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

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3.11.3 Observations Ground Water The analysis of groundwater results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.92 – 7.95, TDS ranges from 804 mg/l - 6735 mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from 270 mg/l - 1660 mg/l, iron content BDL(<0.05), nitrate content ranges from 2.7 mg /l – 57 mg/l was observed.

3.12 SOIL ENVIRONMENT 3.12.1 Soil analysis The present study of the soiltively quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the proposed Project. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives; • To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area and • To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics Five locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm below the surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The details of the soil sampling location are presented in Table 3.12 and shown in Figure 3.7. Table 3.12 - Soil Sampling Locations

Direction with Distance with Geographical Code Location the respect to respect to location project site project site (km) 10°59’44.04”N S1 Project site -- -- 78°02’24.40”E 11°01’25.04”N S2 Thannaasi Goundanur 78°01’16.07”E NW 3.70 11°00’27.09”N S3 Vadugapatti 78°03’28.70”E NE 2.3 Vennamalai 10°59’25.06”N S4 EAST 3.80 78°04’33.90”E Vaiyapuri nagar - Karur 10°57’49.08”N S5 SE 4.4 78°03’50.80”E 10°57’48.40”N S6 Salapalayam SW 4.60 78°00’28.05”E

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Figure 3.7 - Map showing the location soil sampling stations

Presentation of Results The results of the soil analysis are tabulated in Table 3.13. Standard soil classification is given in Table 3.14.

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Table 3.13 - Soil Quality Results

S. Parameters Test Method S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 No. 1 pH IS -2720(Part 26) 1987(RA 2011) 8.45 8.41 7.59 8.67 8.80 9.21 2 Bulk Density, g/cc FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 1 1.39 1.48 1.41 1.28 1.52 1.32 3 Electrical Conductivity, mS/cm IS -14767:2000 (RA 2010) 0.166 1.533 0.073 0.128 0.133 0.175 4 Available Nitrogen, kg/ha IS -14684:1999, Reaff:2008 168 217 158 191 236 182 5 Available Phosphorous, kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 2 29.6 42.6 51.9 36.8 65.8 55.8 6 Available Potassium, kg/ha FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 7 159 211 162 177 146 218 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, 7 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 4 10.8 12.7 11.3 16.8 11.1 17.1 m.eq/100g Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, 8 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 5 4.85 3.96 4.02 6.02 3.68 5.11 m.eq/100g Exchangeable Sodium as Na, 9 FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 6 0.71 2.54 0.82 0.136 0.82 1.14 m.eq/100g 10 Organic matter (%) IS 2720 (Part 22):1972, Reaff:2010 1.36 1.74 1.22 2.04 1.47 1.96 Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy 11 Texture Classification Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Loam Loam Loam Loam Robinson Pipette Method 12 Sand (%) 51.6 58.6 61.1 33.3 55.2 28.3 13 Clay (%) 24.7 22.6 23.7 45.8 30.1 51.7 13 Silt (%) 23.7 18.8 15.2 20.9 147.7 20

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TABLE 3.14 - Standard Soil Classification Chemical Ranking Parameters Very Low Low Moderate High Very High <4, very 8-9 >9 Very 4-5, Strongly 5-8, Ideal for pH Strongly Strongly Strongly Acidic Plant Growth Acidic Basic Basic 8000- Electrical 4000-8000 >16000 <2000, 2000-4000 16000 conductivity Moderately Extremely Non-saline Saline Highly Saline Saline Saline Total (μS/cm) <0.05 0.05-0.15 0.15-0.25 0.25-0.5 >0.5 Nitrogen Very Low Low Moderate High Very High (%) Total >60 Very <5 5-10 10-30 Phosphorous 30-60 High High Very Low Low Moderate (mg/kg) Sodium <200 Non 200-500 - >500 Sodic (mg/kg) Sodic Moderate Potassium 150-250 250-800 >800 Very - <150 Low (mg/kg) Moderate High High Calcium <1000 1000-2000 - >2000 High - (mg/kg) Low Moderate Magnesium 40-100 100-300 <40 Very Low >300 High - (mg/kg) Low Moderate % Organic 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 >5 3.0-5.0 High Matter Very Low Low Moderate Very High

Observation  The soil results were compared with soil standards. It has been observed that the pH of the soil was ranging from 7.59 to 9.21 indicating the soils are basic in nature. The conductivity of the soil ranges from 0.073 to 0.533 mS/cm. Since the EC value is less than 2000 µS/cm, the soil is said to be Non-saline in nature.  The texture of the soil sample is predominantly loam. Soil organic content varied from 1.22 to 2.04 % which indicates the very low level of organic matter.

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 The available nitrogen content ranges between 158 to 236 mg/kg in the locality and the value of phosphorus content varies between 29.6 to 65.8 mg/kg. This indicates that the soil has very high quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.  The potassium content varies from 146 to 218 mg/kg which indicates that the soils have high quantities of potassium. From the above observations, it was found that the soil in the Study area shows moderate fertility.

3.13 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Flora and fauna studies were conducted to assess the existing floral and faunal composition of the area.

3.13.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies The present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the ecosystem on the following lines: • To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around proposed project site; • To assess the distribution of animal life spectra.

3.13.2 Methodology Adopted for the Study Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core and buffer zones has been done using standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly plain. The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area of 10 km radius. The study of flora is conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, with respect to the scope and objectives. The study involved in the collection of primary data by conducting a survey in the field, examination of floral and faunal records in previously published reports and records, and analysis of the information in view of the possible alteration in an environment of the proposed project site. For the survey of fauna, both direct and indirect observation methods were used.

3.13.3 Flora in the Study Area The list of flora observed in the buffer zone is given below:

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Table 3.15 – List of Flora observed in the study area S.No. Botanical Name Common Name Trees 1. Azadirachta indica Neem

2. Cocos nucifera Coconut 3. Ficus religiosa Fig 4. Bombax ceiba Cotton

5. Limonia acidissima Wood Apple 6. Tamarindus indica Tamarind

7. Ziziphus zuzuba Elandhai 8. Mangifera indica Mango 9. Syzygium cumini Naval 10. Moringa oleifera Drumstick

11. Cassia fistula Golden shower

12. Delonix regia Gulmohar 13. Garuga pinnata Arunelli 14. Phyllanthus emblica Nelli 15. Vitex negundo Nocchi

3.13.4 Fauna in the study area Field studies are conducted to assess fauna in the study area. List of animals present in the study area are given below:

Table 3.16 – List of Fauna observed in the study area S.No. Scientific Name Common Name Birds 1. Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant 2. Egretta garzetta Little Egret 3. Elanus caeruleus Black Winged Kite 4. Columba livia Rock Pigeon 5. Cuculus micropterus Cuckoo 6. Halcyon pileata White Throated Kingfisher 7. Alcedo attbis Small Blue Kingfisher 8. Meropus orientalis Green Bee-eater 9. Dicrirus macrocercus Black Drongo 10. Laniaus schach Long Tailed Shrike 11. Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Wood Shrike

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12. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna 13. Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul 14. Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin

15. Prinia hodgsonii Grey Breasted Prinia 16. Leptocoma zeylonica Purple Rumped Sunbird Reptiles

17. Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake 18. Nerodia piscator Fresh water snake

Butterflies 19. Pachliopta hector Crimson rose 20. Papilo demoleus Lime Butterfly 21. Juninia almana Peacock pansey

22. Neptis hylas Common sailor

Amphibian 23. Rana hexadactyla Frog 24. Rana tigrina Bull frog Mammals

25. Bos taurus Cattle 26. Capra Aegagrus Hircus Goat 27. Canis Lupus Familiaris Dog

3.14 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY As per MoEF guideline, 10 km radius from the project site is considered as a study area for evaluating environmental sensitivity. There are no environmentally sensitive places like Wildlife Sanctuary/ National Park, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals found in the study area.

3.15 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The assessment of socio-economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. Socio -Economic status of the population is an indicator of the development of the region. Any developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living conditions and on the economic base of the population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed activities will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall appraisal of society relevant attributes. The data collection for evaluation of the impact of proposed project on socioeconomic aspects

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in the study area has been done through primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available for the study area.

3.15.1 Methodology The methodology adopted in assessment of socio-economic condition is as given below; • To assess Socio-Economic Conditions of the Population • Analysis of the identified social attributes like population distribution, availability of public utilities etc., through Census of India 2011 • Primary household survey to assess the present status of population of the study area

3.15.2 Sources of Information As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluk Office, Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Directorate of Census Operation, Tamil Nadu etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the Census of India 2011. The socio-economic details are briefly described in following sections. This section includes the present status of the Socio-Economic Environment in the study area. To determine the baseline socio-economic pattern, at and around the project site, the required data have been obtained from the published data. Socio-economic baseline data were collected for the following indicators: • Demographic Structure • Economic Structure • Availability of Basic Amenities The major demographic and economic structure of the study area is classified into population, literacy rate and workers details.

3.15.3 Settlement Pattern The project site is at Athur & Kadapparai Village, Karur District, Tamil Nadu. The area within 10 km radius from the boundary of the project site has been considered as a study area.

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3.15.3.1 Population According to the 2011 census, Karur district has a population of 10,64,493. The district has a population density 367 people per square kilometer. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.77%. Karur has a sex ratio of 1015 females for every 1000 males and a literacy of 75.60 %.

3.15.3.2 Demography Almost all villages in the study area are experiencing a rapid growth of population, which may be due to the process of urbanization and industrialization. According to 2011 census, Karur district had a population of 10,64,493. With a sex-ratio of 1015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 1,02,731 were under the age of six, constituting 52,969 males and 49,762 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 2,21,385 and 575 of the population respectively. Average literacy rate of Karur in 2011 were 75.60 compared to 68.08 of 2001. The district had a total of 2,86,556 households. There was a total of 5,08,507 main workers, 34,791 marginal workers, comprising 85,872 cultivators, 2,00,837 agricultural laborer’s, 11,340 Workers in the household industry, 2,45,249 other workers. The district has a population density of 367 inhabitants per square kilometer.

3.15.3.3 Distribution of Population The distribution of the population in the study area is given in Table 3.17.

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Table 3.17 - Distribution of population in the study area

Village/Town Total No. of Child Schedule Schedule Literacy Total Main Marginal Population Name households (0-6) Caste Tribe (%) Workers Worker Worker Athur 1633 5186 478 1245 1 74.09 2874 2655 219 Andankoil 1687 6038 580 801 4 80.69 3039 2888 151 Pallapalayam 855 2854 210 1866 3 66.11 1851 1737 114 Karuppampalayam 534 1901 156 360 0 69.97 1066 1060 6 Manmangalam 1866 6068 489 1542 2 72.92 3448 3319 129 Appipalayam 790 2686 223 541 2 69.06 1537 1514 23 Nanjaipugalur 751 2458 208 242 0 77.38 1215 1179 36 Kadambankurichi 978 3201 275 555 1 70.81 1855 1828 27 Vangal 209 698 60 7 0 82.6 353 343 10 Kuppuchipalayam 2342 8087 657 2300 0 72.18 4191 3742 449 Nanniyur 1287 4333 331 916 0 69.64 2661 2594 67 Total 12932 43510 3667 10375 13 73.22 24090 22859 1231

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3.16 AVAILABILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the study area. The list of industries, schools, colleges and hospitals located near the study area are given below: Industries • Petronet CCK Limited • PUPA Chemical Industries • PUPA Sanitary Industries Private Limited • TATA Industries • Krishna Plywoods • Sri Swastik Industries • Sri Vinayaga Organic Cotton Wadding Industries • Radiant Chemicals & Minerals Co Institutions • Aarusu College • M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering • Kongu Arts & Science College • Karur Polytechnic College • Karur Govt. Arts College • Annai Women’s College • Cheran Matriculation Hr. Sec. School • Bharani Vidhyalaya Sr. Sec. School • Sri Sankara Vidyalaya Sr. Sec. School • Andavar Matriculation Hr. Sec. School Hospitals • Dr. Selvam Cardiology Hospital • Amaravathi Hospital • Aarthy Eye Hospital • Deepa Kannan Hospital • Velan Eye Hospital • Kabila Hospital • KG Hospital

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CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION The previous chapters describe probable impacts identification on each component of the environment and the compilation of the existing baseline data of those components. The quantification of likely impacts and their evaluation/assessment are discussed in succeeding paragraphs. Prediction of impacts is the most important component of an EIA study. Many scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts on physic ecological and socio-economic environment. The prediction of the impacts helps to identify the gaps and implement Environmental Management Plan during and after the execution of the developmental activity to minimize the deterioration of environmental quality. In the present study, the most probable impact on various components of the surrounding environment viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic, due to the proposed expansion has been predicted.

4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT Emissions Sources during the Construction and Operational Phase The potential sources of air emissions during the construction and operational phase of the project will be as follows:- 1. Dust from earthworks (during site preparation) 2. Emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines 3. Fugitive emissions from vehicles at site 4. Fugitive emissions during the loading/unloading of material at the site 5. Fugitive emissions during mixing of cement with other building materials during development and construction activities 6. Air emissions other than dust arise from the combustion of hydrocarbons. The

pollutants of concerns are PM10, NOx, SO2, HC and VOC’s.

Potential Impacts Ambient air quality effects are normally assessed in relation to their potential to cause: 1. Health deterioration and nuisance in local communities 2. Health deterioration amongst onsite workers

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Assessment of the impacts due to Dust Emissions During the excavation of channels, foundations, unloading of construction materials, cement bags and mixing of cement with other building materials, fugitive dust emissions may be emitted at a construction site. It may be noted that these emissions would be in the form of coarse particulate matter and will be settled down ultimately in the closed vicinity of the construction site. Therefore, no significant impact is anticipated due to dust emission during development and construction phase.

Assessment of the impact due to Diesel Generators Emissions from DG sets during construction phase may cause some localized impact on ambient air quality for short duration, as it will be operated in power failure only. It may be noted that the DG set power will be used to operate construction equipment only if required. The adequate height of stacks and acoustic enclosure will be provided to DG sets as per guidelines of CPCB to facilitate the dispersion of flue gases into the atmosphere.

4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Sources of noise during operational phases and their predicted impacts are discussed below:

4.3.1 Noise Generation during Operation Phase During the operational phase, the noise is generated due to various equipments viz. pumps, DG sets, etc. Besides, road traffic will also contribute to the noise levels in the area.

4.3.2 Impacts Due to Project The monitored noise level in the vicinity of the terminal boundary shall be 53.9 dB(A) during day time and 42.4 dB(A) during night time against National Ambient Noise Standards of 75 dB(A) for day and 70 dB(A) for night for the industrial zone. The noise level in the nearby residential localities was less than the industrial areas, as monitored during the study. However, due to increased vehicular movement for loading and unloading during the operational phase of the proposed expansion, there might be some increase in the background noise levels. It may be further noted that these

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predicted noise levels did not account for any constructional hindrances in the way of these noise generating sources.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT No effluent shall be generated because no industrial process is involved, as it is a receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products terminal. Domestic sewage will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Oily wastewater from the washing of the facilities will be treated in the Oil Water Separator (OWS). Oil water separator shall be in place and to be connected to tank-farm, TLF Gantry and Pumphouse. No wastewater will be discharged outside the premises.

4.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 Impact on Soil As discussed earlier, there is no discharge of treated liquid effluent generated from the proposed expansion. Also, oily wastewater after OWS treatment does not contain any harmful pollutants to deteriorate soil characteristics on percolation. During the construction phase, top soil management will be done and generated construction debris will be recycled and will be managed as per local municipal facilities.

4.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The existence of a certain type of flora and fauna is the result of a long drawn natural process involving a complex interaction between the prevailing meteorological conditions (cumulative effect of various climatic parameters) and the location specific geo-topo features of the land mass in a particular region. Nature has an inbuilt and interwoven network of processes of major concern which are, otherwise, directly or indirectly interlinked with each other. Thus, any man-made alternation or deviation from the set natural course would obviously exert certain effects, which may be either positive or negative on the existing flora and fauna. Hence, the scope and relationship of the plants and animals with the surrounding environment has to be examined in the context of the man-made project specific development, be it an industrial venture, irrigation works, transport communication

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network, urbanization project etc. Further, to circumvent the adverse effect, if any, it also becomes mandatory to make some conscientious approach or to foster a systematic understanding and the relationship between man-made efforts and the environmental resources. As given below, the impacts have been categorized into two broad types, namely, 1. Those connected to construction phase and 2. Those likely to accrue after the project becomes operational.

4.6.1 Impact on Natural Resource Soil or Agricultural Land During operation phase, no impact on the soils at the site is envisaged.

4.6.2 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology (Flora and Fauna) A common apprehension of setting up a project or an industrial terminal at any place is the adverse impact on the wildlife and the ecologically sensitive areas. Pertaining to the aforesaid project, extensive observations made so far have not revealed the existence of any endangered flora and fauna in the immediate surrounding of the project site and in a study area of 10 km radius. Hence, the possibility of adverse impact on the prevailing ecological environment was negligible.

4.6.3 Impact on Forest & Wildlife There would not be any impact on the Forest and Wildlife, as there is no Reserve Forests and Wildlife sanctuary/ National Park found within 10 km radius of the project site.

4.6.4 Impact on Aquatic Ecology In operational phase, no impact on aquatic ecology is envisaged.

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Many major impacts associated with certain proposed actions are observed by changes in socio-economic factors in the project area and surrounding region. These changes may be beneficial or detrimental. The emphasis in this category of the environment includes cultural, economic and basic human requirements like education, employment, health, water, power, transport and communication.

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4.7.1 Impact on Cultural Resources One of the major concerns associated with such an activity is related to the potential impact on cultural resources, which include architectural, historical and archaeological sites, as well as areas of unique importance due to their ecological, scientific, or geological importance. The sphere of cultural resources includes not only the precise limits of the project area but also all surrounding lands (10 km radius from the terminal) on which the project may have a reasonably direct impact by modifying land use pattern or by opening areas for agriculture or for public use. Cultural resources are becoming more and more important with the growing realization that our environment and civilization are the products of history. Cultural resources are non-renewable and this feature in itself is one reason that these resources are important.

Impacts on cultural resources broadly include indentation, destruction, damage and disruption. Impacts can directly result from construction phase disturbances or indirectly as a result of land use changes, secondary growth and development. Local resources of importance to ethnic groups, such as burial grounds and cemeteries or areas of unique religion importance such as temples, mosques etc. do not have any adverse impacts as it the expansion within the existing terminal.

4.7.2 Impact on Economic Features The proposed addition of storage tanks will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities during the construction phase. About 60 local skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will get employment during construction activities. This will be a moderately positive impact on the economic condition in the surrounding.

Summary of the mitigation measures during construction and operation phase of the proposed expansion are tabulated as Table-4.1.

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Table 4.1: Summary of Mitigation Measures Environmental S. No. Anticipated Impact Source of Impact Mitigation Measures Remarks Component Construction Phase 1. Ambient Air Quality Minor impact at Dust emissions from Dust reduction Impacts are temporary construction site excavation, air measures such as during the premises. No negative emissions from • Water sprinkling. construction phase. impact outside site. machinery and other • Periodic Impacts will be construction activities maintenance of confined to short at the site. construction distances, as coarse equipments. particles will be • Use of Personal settled within the Protective short distance from Equipments. activities. 2. Noise Environment • Minor impact near Noise generated from • Use of well- • Temporary noise generation Construction activities maintained Impacts during the sources inside and operation of equipments. construction premises. construction • Use of earmuffs/ phase. • No significant equipments and DG ear plugs by • No other high Impact on ambient sets. construction noise activities noise levels in the workers in high envisaged. surrounding area. noise areas. 3. Water Quality No significant negative • Surface runoff from Silt fences to reduce • The impact will be Impact. the project site. run-off temporary.

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• Discharge of • Local labours will sewage from a be employed to labour camp. reduce the size of labour camps. • No perennial surface water resource adjacent to the site. 4. Land Environment Minor negative Excavation, • Re-utilization and --- impact construction debris, recycling of waste from labour construction camps. debris. • Waste will be collected and disposed of as per local municipal facilities. 5. Aesthetics Minor negative Construction The impacts will be Short term impact Impacts activities and compensated by restricted only in the excavation extensive tree initial stages of plantation and construction phase. gardening. 6. Biological No significant impacts Due to plantation --- Tree plantation during development will be started

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and construction during development phase positive impact phase. 7. Socio-economic Overall positive Increased job ------impact opportunity for locals. 8. Traffic Pattern Minor negative impact Truck and Tankers Adequate parking --- due to traffic at movement space for trucks and construction site tankers will be provided at the site. Operational Phase 1. Ambient Air Quality Minor negative impact • Particulate and • Proper maintenance --- gaseous emissions of internal roads, from vehicle Green Belt movement. Development on • Particulate and periphery and open gaseous emissions areas. from DG sets. • Adequate stack • Fugitive Emissions height will be of hydrocarbon maintained. vapors from loading • Hydrocarbon gantries, storage detectors have been tanks and pumps provided at etc. strategic locations of the terminal.

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2. Noise Environment Minor impact inside Noise from vehicle. Appropriate trees --- the premises which will act as noises barriers will be planted in greenbelt area. 3. Water Quality No adverse impact Discharge of sewage. Minimal quantity of --- sewage will be generated and it will be disposed of through the septic tank followed by soak pit within project premises. Stormwater management will be followed. 4. Biological Positive impact Greenbelt area will be Landscaping will help provided. in reducing adverse impacts on air and noise quality. 5. Socio-economic Overall positive Increased job --- Positive and long term impact opportunity in impact. terminal maintenance and ancillary services. 6. Traffic Pattern Less impact The proposed • Traffic management --- expansion is likely to practices will be

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add traffic flow on employed when approach roads. traffic is merging on the main road from the terminal. • Adequate parking space will be provided in the terminal. 7. Aesthetic Positive Impact Greenbelt area will be --- Help in improving the provided. general ambiance of the area.

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CHAPTER 5 - ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

5.1 INTRODUCTION The consideration of technological alternatives for construction of proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL) at Karur BPCL Terminal. It is one of the more proactive sides of environmental assessment - enhancing the project through examining options instead of only focusing on the more defensive task of reducing adverse impacts of a single option of the project. This requires the systematic comparison of feasible alternatives for technology and operational alternatives. Alternatives are compared in terms of their potential environmental impacts, capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions, etc. The examining alternative means of carrying out a project involves answering the following three questions: (i) what are the alternatives? (ii) what are the environmental impacts associated with each alternative? and (iii) what is the rationale for selecting the preferred alternative?

5.2 ALTERNATIVE SITE For the construction of proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL), no alternative site has been considered, as enough space is available within the existing terminal. In which, all infrastructure facilities already exist.

5.3 ALTERNATIVE FOR TECHNOLOGY The proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL) at Karur BPCL Terminal will be cone roof tank type to minimize hydrocarbon vapour loss.

5.4 ALTERNATIVE FOR CONTROL OF POLLUTION The existing BPCL Terminal is operating after obtaining of Consent to Operate from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board. Necessary pollution control measures for air pollution, wastewater generation, solid waste management and noise control measures have already taken at the existing terminal, which will be strengthened after the construction of proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL) at Karur BPCL Terminal.

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CHAPTER 6 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

6.1 INTRODUCTION A regular monitoring program for the environmental parameters is essential to take account the changes in the environment due to the construction of proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL) at BPCL Karur terminal. To ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and environmental management plan during the operation phase of new storage tanks within existing BPCL Terminal, it is essential that an effective environmental monitoring plan is designed and followed during operation phases.

The objectives of the environmental monitoring plan for proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL) at BPCL Karur terminal are: • to verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regards to proposed pipeline; • to follow the trend of concentration values of the parameters which have been identified as critical; • to check or assess the efficiency of the mitigation measures; and • to ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through proposed new storage tanks for Ethanol (2 x 858 KL) & Biodiesel (2 x 2500 KL) at BPCL Karur terminal.

The environmental monitoring is the primary tool for assessing the prevailing quality of air, water, noise, land etc. The environmental monitoring helps in suggesting and taking corrective course corrections, monitored parameters are exceeding. The monitoring of various environmental parameters for ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality will be carried out on a regular basis at and around the existing terminal to ascertain the following: • Pollution caused due to operations of new storage tanks with existing BPCL terminal. • Change in environmental quality within and outside the existing terminal of BPCL • To assess environmental impacts after operation of existing terminal.

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• Evaluate the efficiency of pollution control systems installed.

The environmental monitoring shall be periodic and comply with the promulgated standards. The frequency of monitoring of various environmental components and frequency to be monitored is given in Table 6.1.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULES To check the efficacy of the adopted mitigation measures and environmental Management plan, post project monitoring is carried out for various environmental parameters. In case, the monitored results of the environmental parameter are found to exceed the allowable/stipulated values, the Environmental Management Cell suggests remedial actions and gets these suggestions implemented through the concerned personnel.

6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring Ambient air quality parameters suggested during the operation phase of the proposed new storage tanks within existing terminal at Karur are Particulate Matter (PM2.5),

Particulate Matter (PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), HC and VOC. These are to be monitored at designated locations starting from the commencement of construction activities. Data should be generated 24 hourly during operation phase at identified locations in accordance with the National Ambient Air Quantity Standards. During operation phase, there will not be any major source of air emissions except DG sets and vehicular emissions from existing terminal. Six monthly ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out at boundaries of the terminal of

BPCL for Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Particulate Matter (PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), HC and VOC. Six monthly monitoring should be done for total Hydrocarbons in new storage tanks within existing terminal of BPCL.

6.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring At the new storage tanks within existing terminal of BPCL, there will not be any source for ground and surface water contamination during construction and operation phases. However, ground water sampling and analysis can be carried out at the terminal of BPCL during operation phase. The locations, duration and pollution parameters to be monitored and necessary institutional arrangements are detailed in the environmental

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monitoring plan. The monitoring of the ground water quality will be carried out at one location in accordance to Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification-IS 10500 for relevant parameters as directed by Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB).

6.2.3 Noise Levels Monitoring During operation phase of existing terminal of BPCL after the construction of new storage tanks, the noise will be generated due to filling gantries, DG sets operation, vehicles/truck movement. The measurement of noise levels would be carried out at suggested locations in accordance with the Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Noise levels would be monitored on twenty-four hourly basis. Noise measurements should be recorded at “A” weighted frequency using a slow time response mode of the measuring instrument. The noise measurement location and duration are detailed in the environmental monitoring plan.

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental monitoring plan for operation phases of the existing terminal of BPCL including proposed new storage tanks are given in Table 6.1.

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Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Plan for BPCL Karur Terminal Environmental Project Parameter Standards Location Duration / Implementation Supervision Component stage Frequency Ambient Air Operation HC and VOC -- • Terminal Six Monthly Environmental Cell BPCL Phase Loading of BPCL or Facilities MoEF&CC / NABL approved • Tank Farm area monitoring agency PM2.5, PM10, National At boundary wall Continuous 24- BPCL through BPCL SO2, NO2, CO Ambient in upwind and hourly once in MoEF&CC / NABL & HC on Quality downwind a month during approved Boundary of Standards direction at construction monitoring agency Terminal boundary of phase Terminal Water Quality Operation As per IS: As Water Petroleum Once in a year BPCL through BPCL Phase 10500 for quality Products Storage MoEF&CC/ relevant standards and filling gantry TNPCB/NABL parameters in (IS 10500) facilities approved consultation monitoring agency with TNPCB

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Environmental Project Parameter Standards Location Duration / Implementation Supervision Component stage Frequency Noise Operation Noise Level in As per At the Terminal 24-hourly BPCL through BPCL Measurements Phase dB (A) National • Terminal measurement, MoEF&CC Noise Loading once quarterly /TNPCB/ NABL standards Facilities during the approved • Truck Parking construction monitoring agency Area phase Source: ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd.

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6.4 HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF BPCL BPCL has the highest concern and commitment to protecting the Health and Safety of all employees, contractors, customers and the communities in which BPCL operates and for the conservation of the Environment. BPCL comply with all Statutory Regulations and may even go beyond these for the benefit of our environment. BPCL consider Health, Safety and Environmental aspects are an integral part of BPCL’s business planning and operation processes.

HSSE Policy Based on these guiding principles, BPCL shall demonstrate their commitment by:

• Providing and maintaining safe facilities and working conditions.

• Recognizing that all employees have responsibility for their own safety and actions which could affect the safety of others.

• Adoption of appropriate technologies to minimize the impact of our activities on the Environment

BPCL shall establish clear objectives and targets to:

• Improve continuously for prevention of accidents occupational illnesses and minimizing any impact of our activities on the environment.

• Promote learning through training and sharing of experiences and best practices; including with contractors, customers and the public, wherever required.

• Inculcate values and attitudes conducive to achieve excellence in Health, Safety and Environmental performance.

BPCL shall provide means to achieve their mission by:

• Assigning clear roles and responsibilities at all levels and periodically reviewing and recognizing the contribution to HSE objectives.

• Allocating adequate resources.

• Fostering a spirit of participation by all employees in Health, Safety and Environmental conservation efforts.

• Creating appropriate forums for deliberations on Health, Safety and Environmental issues.

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BPCL shall monitor performance by:

• Periodically auditing work processes, systems practices and promptly correcting deficiencies.

• Incorporating HSE performance as a parameter for assessing the overall performance of Employees, Business Units, Contractors and Business Associates.

Security Policy BPCL has the highest concern for the Security of human lives and Corporation’s properties, goods and services. BPCL is also committed to being alert and responsible for preventing theft, misuse, loss, damage, pilferage and sabotage of any nature which will hamper their business interests/continuity. Commensurate with this commitment, BPCL shall:

• Adhere to security rules, regulations and laws of the land.

• Provide effective and proactive measures for Physical and Internal Security as explained in the Security Manual – at all Refineries and Marketing establishments.

• Keep ourselves in readiness to meet all emergency situations by appropriate action plans.

• Actively participate in the implementation of security measures to combat external threats.

• Reinforce the security set up by providing regular training and up gradation of facilities.

• Monitor effectiveness of security measures by surprise checks, mock drills and take corrective actions.

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Figures-9.3 Health Safety & Environmental Policy of BPCL

6.5 STATUTORY RETURNS AND COMPLIANCE REPORTS • Submission of half yearly compliance report in respect of the stipulated prior environmental clearance terms and conditions in hard and soft copies to the regulatory authority concerned, on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year. • Submission of environmental statement for the financial year ending 31st March to the concerned Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board on or before 30th September every year. • Submission of Water Cess returns in Form 1 as per Rule 4 (1) of Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 on or before the 5th of every calendar month.

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CHAPTER 7 - ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 RISK ANALYSIS STUDY A separate Risk Assessment Report for the proposed project is prepared and the same is enclosed as Annexure V.

7.2 PUBLIC HEARING M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited conducted public hearing through Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) on 30.01.2018 at IMA Hall, Erode Road, Karur. The public hearing notice was published in 2 leading newspapers (One in English & One in Vernacular language). The public hearing was conducted in line with the new EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006. The notification and photos of the public hearing are given in Figures below. A copy of the action plan towards the issues raised during the public hearing is also given below:

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TIME BOUND ACTION PLAN FOR ISSUES RAISED DURING THE PUBLIC HEARING

Fund Allocation if Time Bound S.No Question by the participants Response applicable (Rs.) Action Plan Mr. Raja S/o. Ponnusamy, Athur Village In his address informed that intimation In his reply, District Collector NA NA regarding the public hearing is not widely informed that the officials have made made to the villages adjacent to the unit. sufficient arrangements by placing Hence, the requested that the public hearing display boards at various locations meeting should be rescheduled to another along with advanced press releases in 1. day. local dailies. He raised a question that how come that much participants will

be gathered without adequate information on the public hearing meeting.

Mr. Raja S/o. Ponnusamy, Athur Village He informed that most of the participants for Our unit is declared as a protected area NA NA that meeting are the staffs of BPCL. He also and not permissible for others to added that there are more outsiders than the conduct meeting in the vicinity of the people from Athur Village. He requested to unit 2 conduct the public hearing meeting at Athur Village so that lots of local people can attend. District Collector informed that unit’s location is a protected area and hence no public gathering allowed there. Mr. Raja S/o. Ponnusamy, Athur Village

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He informed that normally 400 to 500 BPCL was immediately taken action on NA NA tanker lorries are parked in and around fire & safety with the locals BPCL premises. Recently, while mishandling the oil outlet chamber a fire accident 3 occurred. Hence Athur Village becomes unsafe. District Collector has assured to take necessary action by vigilance department of BPCL. Mr. Balagurusamy, Athur Vetripalayam In his address, he informed that there are no Provisions of adequate Toilets will be in adequate toilets for the drivers and cleaners place, when the expansion program is in the parking area provided by BPCL. He achieved, with regard to the location of

also added that due to the establishment of TASMAC Wine shop, District TASMAC wine shop opposite to the entrance Administration will be called for an gate of BPCL, it is unsafe for the women appropriate action. passing by. He requested that already 4 residents of the Athur village are already facing a lot of traffic-related issues with the existing capacity of the unit; the same will increase due to the expansion process. He also suggested that a fly over may be constructed along the railway line in the Athur – Perichipalayam road. Ponnusamy, S/o. Rasappa Goundar, Athur

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He informed that BPCL unit is located amidst Will be considered during expansion NA NA of Athur, Kathapparai, Andankoil East and program West Villages. He also added that not even 5 five percent of the total job in BPCL was offered to the residents of Athur who sold their lands to BPCL during acquisition of land for this plant. V.C. Sellai Siva In his address, he informed that TNPL BPCL also involved in CSR. The unit will A sum of Rs. NA industry located very near to this village consider definitely for the supply of 5,00,000/- has been have done a lot of welfare activities but BPCL drinking water through RO. earmarked for has not done so. He added that during the providing RO establishment of BPCL the unit authority has facility. This will be informed that the transport of oil will be taken up with the done through railway, however, the logistics District Collector. activities are carried out by heavy vehicles. 6 Hence a lot of accidents occurred. He also requested that the movement of heavy vehicles over village roads should be curtailed and separate bypass road arrangement should be made. Further, he requested that the unit shall provide some basic amenities such as Drinking water, Drainage facility along with quality sanitation for the village. Kamaraj, S/o. Marappan, Athur

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He suggested that only after regulating the With regard to the transport of oil NA NA traffic issues, the unit shall take initiatives through railways, the BPCL may make a for their expansion project. request with the concerned authority. It 7 is also informed that supply of petroleum products will be easier to the required destinations through tankers. Sivasamy S/o. Palanisamt, Athur He raised that for the past 15 years, Trees will be planted wherever possible NA NA Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board has not so as to increase the greenbelt. taken any measures to control the impact Revenue authorities, Highway due to the existing BPCL plant. He also department will be consulted for 8 requested that a roundana may be provided forming Roundana. BPCL will be at Athur diversion. An adequate number of definitely coordinate with the above- trees may be planted on either side of the said department. approach road leading to BPCL. Loganathan S/o. Dhanapandian, Athur

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He informed that most of the participants BPCL is taking adequate steps for safe NA NA have replicated his views. He belongs to the collection and disposal of solid waste colony located adjacent to the BPCL with scientific manner. The oil sludge is compound and the resident suffered a lot treated with oil-eating bacteria due to lack of water quality in their Bioremediation method. borewells. He also added that the unit authority has polluted their rainwater harvesting pit by dumping solid waste from 9 the unit premises. He requested that the unit shall provide employment opportunities for the local people. He also requested the district administration to ensure the safety of women crossing the way. He also suggested that a transparent report about this project should be made available to the public. Balagurusamy, Athur Vetripalayam He requested the district administration to BPCL has adequate firefighting NA NA 10 enhance firefighting options available to the equipment and other facilities BPCL.

District Collector

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In his conclusion address, District Collector - NA NA informed that all the representation demands, suggestions and requisitions made by the public are recorded for further consideration. Also, he added that the public hearing was conducted as per the guidelines prescribed by the government and Tamil Nadu Pollution Board has done a lot of efforts, field works to create awareness among the public regarding in the public 11 hearing meeting. He also suggested more efforts should have been taken to aware the public so as to any such lapses in future. He also added that a separate meeting will be conducted at another occasion at Athur Village to consider the grievances made by the public and necessary action will be taken The unit will consider the basic need of either through Government Schemes or drinking water to the residents of through the management of the BPCL. With Athur. that note, the District Collector concluded the meeting.

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CHAPTER-8: PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE The project will improve supply position of the Petroleum products in Tamilnadu, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved petroleum supply will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers at better quality and better price. Availability of product in the vicinity of demand location will be reduced price. Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels and also reduced the probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks. Establishment of large developmental projects improves the availability of the physical infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE BPCL Karur Terminal shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system etc.

8.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during the construction phase and then reduce with the completion of construction activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in the service sector, although its magnitude will be much less. The direct employment opportunities with BPCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

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CHAPTER 9 - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 INTRODUCTION Environment Management Plan (EMP) for construction and operation phase is required to ensure that mitigation of adverse impacts and strengthening of positive impact resulting from the operation of existing BPCL terminal and proposed new storage tanks at BPCL terminal. The objective of EMP is to identify the project specific environmental actions that will need to be undertaken, not only to mitigate impacts but also improve environmental aesthetics of proposed new storage tanks at BPCL terminal. Environmental protection and improvement measures must be taken at the design stage itself so as to minimize impacts during construction & operation phase of augmented facilities. The impacts during the construction phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction activities. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) during the construction and operation phase endeavors to mitigate the adverse impacts and to encourage the positive benefits.

9.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 9.2.1. Soil During construction and operation phases of the proposed new storage tanks, necessary mitigation measures will be taken to protect soil from contamination. All the construction debris, metal cuttings and other construction wastes will be collected and disposed of suitably as soon as construction is over. Adequate size dyke will be provided around the new tanks for containment of ethanol and biodiesel in the unlikely event of leakage from tanks. State-of-the-art Oil Water Separation (OWS) system will be provided at the installation to remove the oil fraction from the runoff from dyke area and only oil free water will be discharged in environmentally sound manner.

9.2.2 Water Quality The proposed new storage tanks at BPCL terminal will not generate any process effluents. There will be a generation of domestic wastewater in small quantity by construction

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labourers at the site during the construction phase. This impact will be temporary in nature and restricted to the construction site only. Proper sanitation facilities will be provided to construction labourers at the site during the construction phase. Domestic wastewater/sewage is generated during operation phase, which is treated in a properly designed septic tanks followed by soak pit. Oily water is collected in OWS and is passed through oil and grease trap. Only oil free water is discharged in an environmentally sound manner for green belt development. During the operation phase, all storage tanks will be closed circuit and as such, no process effluent would be generated. However, very small amount of water, mixed with oil will be generated from storage tanks containing traces of oil during rains and pump/valve leakage. This wastewater will be collected in a sump tank and periodically transferred to Oil Water Separator (OWS). The oil from OWS shall be disposed of in pit and oil free water will be discharged in the drain.

9.2.3 Meteorology The meteorology of the study area is not likely to be affected during construction and operation phase of the proposed new storage tanks of 2 x 858 KL capacity for Ethanol and 2 x 2500 KL capacity for Biodiesel at BPCL terminal and therefore, no management plan will be required.

9.2.4 Air Environment During the construction phase, a certain amount of dust and gaseous emissions will be generated due to vehicular movement and construction equipment at the construction site of proposed new storage tanks at BPCL Terminal. This will marginally deteriorate the ambient air quality of the site but the effect will be of temporary nature and will be diminished once construction work is over. Nonetheless, necessary precautions shall be adopted to check this problem. For reduction of dust generation at the site, dust suppression by means of water sprinkling will be followed during the construction phase. The construction materials bringing vehicles for proposed construction of new tanks should be covered so that these will not be spilled and emitted on the road. Some amount of gaseous emissions is also anticipated during the welding of metal sheets during the fabrication of storage tanks at the site. These emissions will be dispersed into

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the atmosphere within the short distance from fabrication activities. Further, welders will be provided with suitable personnel protective equipment to protect them from the toxic welding fumes. During operation phase, there will not be any continuous source of air emissions from petroleum product storage tanks. Diesel generator sets will be used in case of power failure for the operation of equipment, control systems and safety equipment. As the DG sets are operated for a shorter duration, impact of stack emissions will be minimal. However, to control excess emissions from DG sets, periodical maintenance schedule provided by the manufacturer shall be strictly adhered to. A proper operation of DG sets as per Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) will check generation of excess emissions. Emissions from DG sets are discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust vent of 7.5 m height. At existing BPCL Terminal after the construction of new storage tanks of 2 x 858 KL capacity for Ethanol and 2 x 2500 KL capacity for Biodiesel, a few fugitive emissions of hydrocarbon vapours may find its way into the atmosphere through valves, flanges, joints and the vent of petroleum oil storage tanks. As the wind velocity in that area is normally high, the emission is expected to disperse into atmosphere soon after it comes out and the relevant impact on the environment shall be short term. In the case of accidental release of petroleum oil and especially in the event of it is catching fire, there would be considerable adverse impacts on the ambient air quality due to evaporation and combustion of petroleum oil. Since the probability of such a release is very low (as given in Risk Analysis Report separately), the likelihood of environmental impact out of an accidental release will also be very low.

9.2.5 Solid Waste Management During the construction of the proposed new storage tanks at BPCL Terminal, solid waste materials, such as excess excavated earth, construction debris and metal chippings will be generated. These materials shall be cleared from the site and disposed of suitably. During the operation phase, some municipal waste is generated from administrative building, which is disposed of with other waste management facility of existing BPCL Terminal. Oily sludge may be settled down in existing and new tanks, which require being

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removed prior to tank maintenance work once in 5 years. Oily sludge will be treated by bioremediation (Oilzapper, a bacterial consortium that degrades oily sludge).

9.2.6 Noise During the construction phase of proposed new storage tanks of BPCL Terminal, noise generation is anticipated during the operation of construction equipment, vehicular movement, fabrication, erection and commissioning, etc. The mitigation measures for construction phase are given below: • Rotating equipment used in construction activities will be maintained well and strictly conform to noise generation standards. • Vehicles and equipment used at the construction site will be fitted with a silencer and maintained accordingly. • Noise standards for industrial enterprises will be enforced to protect construction workers from adverse noise impacts. • DG sets are already fitted with acoustic enclosures. • Workers engaged in high noise area have been provided with appropriate ear muffs/plugs. • The noise level will be monitored during the construction phase as mentioned in the environmental monitoring plan.

Continuous generation of noise is not expected due to the operation of newly proposed storage tanks and other tanks within existing BPCL Terminal. Equipment specifications and installation of dampers/silencers for DG sets will ensure that noise level from the operation of DG sets during grid power failure does not exceed 70 dB (A) at 1 m distance as these are fitted with acoustic enclosure. Already developed greenbelt around the BPCL Terminal will further attenuate the noise levels as a result of the operation of DG sets during a power failure.

9.2.7 Land Use The proposed new storage tanks will be located within the existing BPCL Terminal. Therefore, no fresh land will be required. Hence, no impact is anticipated on land use pattern of the area and therefore no management plan is required.

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9.3 GREENBELT 9.3.1 Terrestrial Ecology Tree plantation is known for improving the aesthetic and climatological environment of an area and properly designed greenbelt can help in ameliorating air pollution to a very significant degree. Greenbelt also acts as green lung which greatly helps to improve the air quality of the area.

9.3.2 Green Belt Development The main objective of the greenbelt is to provide a barrier between the sources of pollution and the surrounding areas. A green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated at the site apart from improving the aesthetics. This will also check soil erosion and make the ecosystem more diverse. At the BPCL Terminal, greenbelt has been developed on its periphery of about 33 %. Approximately, 1006 trees are planted in the Terminal. This is a positive impact on the ecology of the area. The plant species have been selected by careful screening the natural taxa of the area and choosing those species, which can survive in the typical environmental conditions of the area. As the soil is coastal alluvial sand and saline, some amount of soil treatment may need to be undertaken before seeds/saplings are sown. Number of Plantation are given in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1 - Tree plantations done and surviving at Karur Terminal over the years

S. No Financial year Number of Trees planted 1 2002-03 15 2 2003-04 295 3 2004-05 63 4 2005-06 198 5 2006-07 12 6 2007-08 19 7 2009-10 100 8 2010-11 100 9 2011-12 59 10 2012-13 45 11 2013-14 25 12 2014-15 25 13 2015-16 25 14 2016-17 25 Total 1006

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9.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT During the construction, about 60 skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers may get direct and indirect employment opportunity, which will have a positive impact on the local area. During operation phase, no additional manpower will be required directly. However, indirectly some employment generation is expected. The following suggestions are given below to strengthen the beneficial impacts on the socio-economic conditions: • Local people shall be given preference for employment. • All the applicable guidelines under relevant acts and rules related to labour welfare and safety shall be implemented during the construction work and operation activities.

9.5 RAINWATER HARVESTING AT BPCL TERMINAL BPCL Terminal is spread across 220 Acres of land. Rainwater harvesting pits have been provided in a non-contaminated area close to the administrative block and fire pump house.

9.6 PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR LEAKAGES AND ACCIDENT Preventive measures for leakages and accident at BPCL Terminal are given below: • Hydrocarbon (HC) detectors have been provided near all potential leak sources of class ‘A’ and ‘B’ petroleum products e.g. tank dykes, tank manifolds, pump house manifolds, etc. • Dykes have been provided to full containment in case any leak from storage tanks. • Generally, there is no leakage from valves, flanges, pumps etc as SOP is followed and periodic preventive maintenance is carried out. • Emergency shutdown (ESD) system is in place for immediately stopping, pumping and loading operations. • Any leak from piping, valves, flanges, pumps shall be collected immediately.

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• Fire Hydrant system and foam system have been provided covering entire Terminal.

9.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM FOR EMPLOYEES & OTHER LABOURS BPCL at Terminal follow occupational health surveillance program for employees & other labour as per details are given below: • Regular health check-ups are carried out for the workers including contract and casual working at the BPCL terminal. • Personnel protective equipment has been provided to all workers. • Onsite Induction and refreshers training are conducted for workers to enhance safety. • Medical checkup under “Fit for Road campaign “program is conducted every year for TT Crew based on their age profile. A medical check-up is conducted for all Contract employees and security staff every year irrespective of their age. • Testing of Blood Pressure and counseling on health are given to Employees, TT Crew, Security Staff and contract workmen by Designated Physician.

9.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Existing BPCL Terminal has Safety and Environmental Protection (S&EP) cell at the corporate level to take care of any environmental issue at its Terminal. It is suggested that BPCL should designate one of its official for implementation of EMP during the construction of proposed storage tanks. This official is responsible for day-to-day environmental affairs including implementing monitoring programme.

9.9 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING To achieve the objective of pollution control, it is essential not only to provide best pollution control system but also to provide trained manpower resources to operate the same. The regular in-house training programme should cover the following:  Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection.

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 Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures.  Occupational health and safety at BPCL Terminal.  Firefighting

9.10 REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM Proper reporting of implementation of mitigation measures plays important role in effective environmental management. The reporting system will provide the necessary feedback for project management to ensure proper quality of the work and that the environmental management programmes are on schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the mitigation measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented during construction and operation phases of the proposed expansion of BPCL Terminal. The reporting system is operated linearly with the person who is at the lowest level of the implementation system to the project management and reports to Senior Manager of BPCL Terminal. For the proposed expansion of BPCL Terminal, all Reporting to the Territorial Manager of BPCL will be on weekly basis. The BPCL’s Environmental Management Cell will be responsible for preparing targets for each of the identified mitigation measures. The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental components may be clubbed together and submitted to the Senior Manager Terminal of BPCL weekly during each phase of the implementation period. At the end of implementation, a weekly progress report on environmental issues may be discontinued. During the construction period, a compliance report may include a description of the items of mitigation measures, which were not complied by any of the responsible agencies. It would also report the management actions taken to enforce compliance. It may, however, be noted that certain items of the EMP might not be possible to be compiled at the field level due to a variety of reasons. The intention of the compliance report is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the circumstances and reasons for which compliance was not possible. This would help in rationalizing the implementation of the mitigation measures during the remaining duration of implementation. Solutions for further effective implementation would also come out as a result of the compliance monitoring reports.

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Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmental monitoring tools. A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring.

9.11 BUDGETS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP AND MONITORING PLAN The budget for implementation of mitigation measures and environmental management plan to mitigate the potential adverse environmental impacts during operation phase is suggested in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2: Budget for Implementation of EMP and Monitoring Plan (Cost in Lakh Rupees) S. No Description Recurring Cost Capital Cost Per Annum 1. Green Belt/Horticulture 1 5 2. Rain Water Harvesting - 0.5 Storage and disposal of oily 3. - 0.5 sludge from tank cleaning 4. Environmental Monitoring 1 1 5. Air Pollution Control 1 0.5 Environmental Awareness and 6. 2 1.5 Training Total 5 9 Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal

9.12 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is Public Sector Company. Therefore, Corporate Social Responsibility program in the area is undertaken as per Government of India guidelines through corporate level. As BPCL strongly believes that it is a part of the larger community where it operates, the company has, therefore, taken cognizance of the cultural ethos and socio-economic environment of the locality where its terminals are located. With this approach, BPCL shall consider the following general measures for the socio – economic upliftment of the nearby villages. Budget allocation for CSR Activities for 2015-16 is given in Table 9.3.

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Table 9.3: CSR 2015-16 – Expenditure Summary

Name of Material Total S. No Unit Qty Estimate Actuals Institution description amount Rate Amount Rate Amount RO Water system Nos. 1 15000 15000 11250 11250 Kids Chairs for Nos. 60 700 42000 600.6 600.6 classroom Wired Chairs for Nos. 5 2000 10000 1701 1701 Teachers Steel Almirah Nos. 2 9000 18000 8001 8001 Government Sports Kit for 1 Primary School, Elementary Nos. 1 10000 10000 8940 8940 97215 Pappampalayam school level Steel Table for Nos. 1 5300 5300 4000.5 4000.5 Teachers Steel Plate & Tumbler set for Nos. 70 150 10500 135.45 9481.5 Mid-day meal Ceiling fan Nos. 2 2000 4000 1500 3000 Total 1 114800/- 97215 Government RO Water system Nos. 1 15000 15000 11250 11250 2 58052.7 Elementary School, Steel Almirah Nos. 1 9000 9000 8001 8001

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Chinnathipalayam Round Table Nos. 3 10000 30000 9397.5 28192.5 Kids Chairs for Nos. 12 700 8400 600.6 7207.2 classroom Wired Chairs for Nos. 2 2000 4000 1701 3402 Teachers Total 2 66400/- 58052.7 Desktop Nos. 3 40000 120000 40678.57 122035.71 Computer Government RO Water system Nos. 1 15000 15000 11250 11250 3 Middle School, Sports Kit for Nos. 189738.21 Veeranampalayam Middle School 1 10000 10000 8940 8940 Level Desk & Bench set Nos. 10 5000 50000 4751.25 47512.5 Total 3 195000/- 189738.21 Round Table for Nos. 6 10000 60000 9397.5 56385 classroom Steel chairs for Nos. 50 950 47500 600.6 30030 Government classroom Middle School, 166515 4 UPS for 10 Nos. Thottampatti computers, 1 70000 70000 68850 68850 3.5KVA RO Water system Nos. 1 15000 15000 11250 11250 Total 4 192500/- 166515

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Sintex water tank 1KL Nos. 1 10000 10000 9978 9978 capacity for utility purpose Tiling of Classroom Floor L.S 1 90000 90000 82110 82110 930 sq. feet Government Desktop Nos. 1 40000 40000 40678.57 40678.57 5 Middle School, Computer 165541.14 Nochipalayam Sports kit for Nos. elementary 1 10000 10000 8940 8940 school level Multi-Function Nos. 1 15000 15000 13028.57 13028.57 Printer Steel Almirah Nos. 1 9000 9000 8001 8001 Microscope Nos. 1 3000 3000 2805 2805 Total 5 177000/- 165541.14 Desktop Nos. 1 40000 40000 40678.57 40678.57 Computer Multi-Function Nos. Government High 1 15000 15000 13028.57 13028.57 6 Printer 100657.14 School, Athur Teachers Table Nos. 5 5300 26500 4000.5 20002.5 Wired Chairs for Nos. 5 2000 10000 1701 8505 Teachers

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Sports kit for Nos. elementary 1 10000 10000 8940 8940 school level Wooden Almirah Nos. 1 9500 9500 9502.5 9502.5 for Science Lab Total 6 111000/- 100657.14 Solar Plant of Nos. 1 500000 500000 372750 372750 3KW capacity RO water system Nos. Government HSS 25L Desktop 7 2 15000 30000 11250 22500 Punnam computers for 694401.79 Lab Chair for Nos. 7 40000 280000 40678.57 284749.99 Computer Lab 12 950 11400 1200.15 14401.8 Total 7 821400/- 694401.79 8 Charges for material Transportation to Schools 8400 8400 8400 9 Logo Writing on Furnitures 3600 3600 3600 10 GRAND TOTAL 1678100/- 1484121 1484120.98/- Amount in words: Fourteen Lakh Eighty Thousand One Hundred and Twenty One Only Source: BPCL Karur Oil Receiving Terminal Before above expenditure, villagers and district administration will be consulted for need analysis.

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CHAPTER-10: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

10.1 OVERALL JUSTIFICATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT In order to cater to the growing requirement of petroleum products, BPCL has been planned to increase the storage capacity of their existing terminal at Karur. BPCL will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers at better quality and better price. Availability of product in the vicinity of demand location will reduce the price. Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular load on the already strained public roads. This will result in reduced air pollution and reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks. The proposed products come under Class A for Ethanol and Class B for Biodiesel as per the classification of petroleum rules. The material safety data sheet of Ethanol and Biodiesel are given in the risk analysis report prepared for the project.

10.1.1 OVERALL MITIGATION MEASURES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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Table 10.1: Environmental Management Plan during Construction and Operational Phase

Environmental S. No. Anticipated Impact Source of Impact Mitigation Measures Remarks Component Construction Phase 1. Ambient Air Minor impact at Dust emissions from Dust reduction measures Impacts are temporary Quality construction site excavation, air emissions such as during the construction premises. No negative from machinery and • Water sprinkling. phase. Impacts will be impact outside site. other construction • Periodic confined to short activities at the site. maintenance of distances, as coarse construction particles will be settled equipments. within the short • Use of Personal distance from activities. Protective Equipments. 2. Noise • Minor impact near Noise generated from • Use of well- • Temporary Impacts Environment noise generation Construction activities maintained during the sources inside and operation of equipments. construction phase. premises. construction equipments • Use of earmuffs/ ear • No other high noise • No significant and DG sets. plugs by activities envisaged. Impact on ambient construction noise levels in the workers in high surrounding area. noise areas. 3. Water Quality No significant • Surface runoff from Silt fences to reduce run- • The impact will be negative Impact. the project site. off temporary. • Discharge of sewage • Local labours will be from a labour camp. employed to reduce the size of labour camps.

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• No perennial surface water resource adjacent to the site. 4. Land Minor negative Excavation, construction • Re-utilization and --- Environment impact debris, waste from recycling of labour camps. construction debris. • Waste will be collected and disposed of as per local municipal facilities. 5. Aesthetics Minor negative Construction The impacts will be Short term impact Impacts activities and compensated by restricted only in the excavation extensive tree initial stages of plantation and construction phase. gardening. 6. Biological No significant impacts Due to plantation --- Tree plantation will be during development started during and construction development phase. phase positive impact 7. Socio-economic Overall positive Increased job ------impact opportunity for locals. 8. Traffic Pattern Minor negative Truck and Tankers Adequate parking space --- impact due to traffic movement for trucks and tankers at will be provided at the construction site site. Operational Phase 1. Ambient Air Minor negative • Particulate and • Proper maintenance --- Quality impact gaseous emissions of internal roads,

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from vehicle Green Belt movement. Development on • Particulate and periphery and open gaseous emissions areas. from DG sets. • Adequate stack height • Fugitive Emissions of will be maintained. hydrocarbon vapors • Hydrocarbon from loading gantries, detectors have been storage tanks and provided at strategic pumps etc. locations of the terminal. 2. Noise Minor impact inside Noise from vehicle. Appropriate trees which --- Environment the premises will act as noises barriers will be planted in greenbelt area. 3. Water Quality No adverse impact Discharge of sewage. Minimal quantity of --- sewage will be generated and it will be disposed of through the septic tank followed by soak pit within project premises. Stormwater management will be followed. 4. Biological Positive impact Greenbelt area will be Landscaping will help in provided. reducing adverse impacts on air and noise quality.

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5. Socio-economic Overall positive Increased job --- Positive and long term impact opportunity in terminal impact. maintenance and ancillary services. 6. Traffic Pattern Less impact The proposed expansion • Traffic management --- is likely to add traffic practices will be flow on approach roads. employed when traffic is merging on the main road from the terminal. • Adequate parking space will be provided in the terminal. 7. Aesthetic Positive Impact Greenbelt area will be --- Help in improving the provided. general ambiance of the area.

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CHAPTER 11 - DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

This chapter describes the environmental consultant engaged in the preparation of EIA report for storage capacity expansion of the Karur Oil Receiving Terminal, which is 5 km away from Karur Railway station at Athur & Kadapparai Village, Karur District, Tamil Nadu.

11.1 INTRODUCTION ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (formerly ABC Environ Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) is an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company constantly striving towards newer heights since its inception in 2006. Our Company is dedicated to providing strategic services in the areas Environment, Infrastructure, Energy, Engineering and Multilab.

It is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant, approved for carrying out EIA studies and obtaining environmental clearance for various sectors such as Thermal Power Plants, Infrastructure, Industrial Estates / Complexes/ Areas, Mining, Township & area development and Building construction projects etc. ABC Techno Labs is equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.

Since establishment ABC Techno Labs focus on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed more than 100 projects of a variety of industries, in the field of pollution control and environmental management solutions. The company is also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology.

The team of technocrats and scientist are well experienced to deal with the design, Manufacture, Fabrication, Installation, commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater treatment plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment plants.

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The company is having well-experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after environmental projects & well-equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients.

11.2 SERVICES OF ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED 11.2.1 Environmental Services

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • Environmental Managementessment (SIA) Plan (EMP)

• Social Impact Ass er,

•Soil, Environmental Ecology, Socio Baseline-Economic data and collection Demography for Air, etc; Meteorology, Noise, Wat

• SocioEnvironmental-Economic Monitoring Studies

•

• Resettlement & RehabilitationHealth Risk Plan Assessment Studies • Ecological & Human

• Ecological Impact Assessment

• Environmental Management Framework

• Solid Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management

11.2.2• Turnkey Internship projects & Training

• Water Treatment Plantsnt

• Sewage Treatment Pla

• Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

11.2.3• Other Zero Discharge services System

• Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

• Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

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• Pilot Plant Studies

• Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

11.2.4 Laboratory services

• Chemical Testing

• Environmental Testing

• Microbiological Testing

• Food Testing

• Metallurgical Testing

11.3 SECTORS ACCREDITED BY NABET

Table: 11.1 NABET Accredited Sector S. No. Sectors Name 1. Mining of minerals (Opencast only) Mining (Opencast and Underground) 2. Offshore Oil and gas exploration, development & productions 3. Irrigation projects only 4. Thermal Power Plant 5. Mineral Beneficiation including palletisation 6. Metallurgical industries (sec. ferrous only) 7. Petroleum refining industry 8. Leather/skin/hide processing industry 9. Chemical Fertilizers 10. Petrochemical Complexes (industries based on processing of petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics) 11. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) 12. Distilleries 13. Sugar Industry 14. Oil & Gas transportation pipeline (crude and Refinery /Petrochemical

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products) passing through national parks/sanctuaries/coral reefs / ecologically sensitive areas including LNG Terminal

15. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000) 16. Airports 17.

Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ Areas, export processing zones(EPZs), 18. SpecialPorts, harbours economic, jetties, zones marin(SEZs),e terminals,Biotech parks, breakwaters Leather complexes and dredging 19. Highways, Railways, Transport terminals, mass rapid transport systems 20. Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) 21. Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF) 22. Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions 23. Townships and Area development Projects

11.4 Study Team ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited has carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air & Water Pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner. The team members involved in EIA study area:

Table: 11.2 Study Team S. No. Name Role EIA coordinator Isolated Storage & Handling of 1. Mrs. K. Vijayalakshmi Hazardous Chemicals & FAE – Risk Assessment, Air Quality Modelling & Prediction Functional Area Expert – Land use, Water 2. Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Pollution, Prevention & Control and Hydrogeology (Director –Technical)

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S. No. Name Role 3. Dr. Muthiah Mariappan FAE – Solid Waste Management 4. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE – Ecology & Biodiversity 5. Dr. Thillai Govindarajan FAE – Geology FAE – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control - 6. Mr. R. Rajendran Noise & Vibration Mrs. Geetha 7. FAE – Socio-Economic Expert Shreeneevasakam FAA- Air Pollution, Prevention and Control; 8. Ms. R. Akshaya Solid and Hazardous Waste Management FAA- Air Pollution, Prevention and Control; 9. Mr. P. Bharath Water Pollution, Prevention and Control

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