Ring of Fire

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Earthquakes Warm Up – 9-14 1. What is pyroclastic material? 2. Label the parts of the volcano to the right: 3. What is the most explosive type of volcano? 4. What is the difference between a crater and a caldera? Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire, also known as the circum-Pacific Belt is an area along the Pacific Plate where more than 75% of the world’s volcanoes are located (it also has a massive number of large Earthquakes) Earthquakes Earthquakes in 2017 so far…. Earthquakes Earthquakes are the shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy Seismology Seismology is the study of earthquakes Seismologists utilize seismographs which can detect, record and measure earthquake waves on a seismogram First Seismograph Invented by Chang Heng in 132 A.D. (China) How Earthquakes Form As plates move across one another, they deform (bend) and store energy Eventually, the plates reach a point where the stored energy exceeds the strength of the plate and they will snap and then straighten out releasing the stored energy This is called the Elastic Rebound Theory Elastic Deformation Theory Imagine breaking a pencil… VIDEO Origin of Earthquakes The point within the Earth where the fracturing begins is called the focus or hypocenter This is actually below the surface of the Earth! The energy released travels in ALL directions Origin of Earthquakes Generally, the closer the focus is to the surface, the more destructive the Earthquake will be. Epicenter The epicenter of an Earthquake is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus/hypocenter This is the most dangerous area to be around during an Earthquake! Ring of Fire Roughly 80% of the world’s earthquakes occur along the the Ring of Fire, also known as the circum-Pacific Belt Article Action! Articles Read through your article, and mark the following. Be prepared to share! _______ Underline/Highlight things you feel are important Put a square around any names that you see Put a circle around any words that you don’t use when you speak !! Put exclamation marks by things that surprised you Cool Volcano Video.

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NSF 03-021, Arctic Research in the United States
This document has been archived. Home is Where the Habitat is An Ecosystem Foundation for Wildlife Distribution and Behavior This article was prepared The lands and near-shore waters of Alaska remaining from recent geomorphic activities such by Page Spencer, stretch from 48° to 68° north latitude and from 130° as glaciers, floods, and volcanic eruptions.* National Park Service, west to 175° east longitude. The immense size of Ecosystems in Alaska are spread out along Anchorage, Alaska; Alaska is frequently portrayed through its super- three major bioclimatic gradients, represented by Gregory Nowacki, USDA Forest Service; Michael imposition on the continental U.S., stretching from the factors of climate (temperature and precipita- Fleming, U.S. Geological Georgia to California and from Minnesota to tion), vegetation (forested to non-forested), and Survey; Terry Brock, Texas. Within Alaska’s broad geographic extent disturbance regime. When the 32 ecoregions are USDA Forest Service there are widely diverse ecosystems, including arrayed along these gradients, eight large group- (retired); and Torre Arctic deserts, rainforests, boreal forests, alpine ings, or ecological divisions, emerge. In this paper Jorgenson, ABR, Inc. tundra, and impenetrable shrub thickets. This land we describe the eight ecological divisions, with is shaped by storms and waves driven across 8000 details from their component ecoregions and rep- miles of the Pacific Ocean, by huge river systems, resentative photos. by wildfire and permafrost, by volcanoes in the Ecosystem structures and environmental Ring of Fire where the Pacific plate dives beneath processes largely dictate the distribution and the North American plate, by frequent earth- behavior of wildlife species.
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My Friend, the Volcano (Adapted from the 2004 Submarine Ring of Fire Expedition)
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2006 Submarine Ring of Fire It’s Going to Blow Up! (adapted from the 2005 New Zealand American Submarine Ring of Fire Expedition) FOCUS TEACHING TIME Volcanism on the Pacific Ring of Fire One or two 45-minute class periods, plus time for student research GRADE LEVEL 7-8 (Earth Science) SEATING ARRANGEMENT Classroom style if students are working individu- FOCUS QUESTION ally, or groups of two to four students What are major characteristics of volcanoes on the Pacific Ring of Fire? MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS 30 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to describe the processes KEY WORDS that produce the “Submarine Ring of Fire.” Volcano Caldera Students will be able to explain the factors that Cascade Mountains contribute to explosive volcanic eruptions. Ring of Fire Asthenosphere Students will be able to identify at least three ben- Lithosphere efits that humans derive from volcanism. Magma Fault Students will be able to describe the primary risks Transform boundary posed by volcanic activity in the United States, Convergent boundary and will be able to identify the volcano within the Divergent boundary continental U.S. that is considered most danger- Subduction ous. Tectonic plate Mariana Arc MATERIALS Copies of “Ring of Fire Volcanism Worksheet,” BACKGROUND INFORMATION one copy for each student or student group The Submarine Ring of Fire is an arc of active vol- canoes that partially encircles the Pacific Ocean AUDIO/VISUAL MATERIALS Basin and results from the motion of large pieces (Optional) Equipment for viewing video clips of the Earth’s crust known as tectonic plates. from the Ocean Explorer Web site These plates are portions of the Earth’s outer crust (the lithosphere) about 5 km thick, as well as the upper 60 - 75 km of the underlying mantle.
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The United States and Canada
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