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UML : Introduction UML : introduction Achref El Mouelhi Docteur de l’universite´ d’Aix-Marseille Chercheur en programmation par contrainte (IA) Ingenieur´ en genie´ logiciel [email protected] H & H: Research and Training 1 / 16 UML : introduction Achref El Mouelhi Docteur de l’universite´ d’Aix-Marseille Chercheur en programmation par contrainte (IA) Ingenieur´ en genie´ logiciel [email protected] H & H: Research and Training 2 / 16 UML © Achref EL MOUELHI © Pour construire cette maison Il faut etablir´ un plan avant H & H: Research and Training 3 / 16 UML La realisation´ d’une application peut passer par plusieurs etapes´ Definition´ des besoins Analyse Conception Developpement´ Test Validation© Achref EL MOUELHI © Deploiement´ Maintenance ... H & H: Research and Training 4 / 16 UML Ou` est UML dans tout c¸a ? UML permet de modeliser´ toutes les etapes´ du developpement´ d’une application de l’analyse au deploiement´ (en utilisant plusieurs diagrammes). © Achref EL MOUELHI © H & H: Research and Training 5 / 16 UML UML : Unified Modeling Language Un langage de modelisation´ unifie´ Ce n’est pas un langage de programmation Independant´ de tout langage de programmation (objet ou autre) Un langage base´ sur des notations graphiques Constitues´ de plusieurs graphes (diagrammes) permettant de visualiser© la Achref future application EL MOUELHI de plusieurs angles © differents´ Une norme maintenue par l’OMG (Object Management Group : organisation mondiale cre´ee´ en 1989 pour standardiser le modele` objet) H & H: Research and Training 6 / 16 Exemple de graphe arˆetes x6 x5 sommets x1 x2 x3 x4 UML Et un graphe ? En mathematiques,´ c’est un outil compose´ de : un ensemble de sommets, et un ensemble d’aretesˆ (arcs) reliant les sommets © Achref EL MOUELHI © H & H: Research and Training 7 / 16 UML Et un graphe ? En mathematiques,´ c’est un outil compose´ de : un ensemble de sommets, et un ensemble d’aretesˆ (arcs) reliant les sommets Exemple de graphe ©arˆetes Achrefx EL6 MOUELHIx5 sommets © x1 x2 x3 x4 H & H: Research and Training 7 / 16 UML Et un graphe ? En mathematiques,´ c’est un outil compose´ de : un ensemble de sommets, et un ensemble d’aretesˆ (arcs) reliant les sommets Exemple de graphe ©arˆetes Achrefx EL6 MOUELHIx5 sommets © x1 x2 x3 x4 H & H: Research and Training 7 / 16 UML Avant UML : plusieurs methodes´ orientees´ objet (entre 1970 et 1995) Booch (present´ ee´ par Grady Booch) OMT (introduite par James Rumbaugh) OOSE (proposee´ par Ivar Jacobson) OOA, OOD,© Achref HOOD... EL MOUELHI © H & H: Research and Training 8 / 16 UML Debut´ d’UML En 1995, Booch, Rumbaugh et Jacobson commencent a` travailler sur une methode´ unifiee´ (Unified Method) En 1996, creation´ d’un consortium de partenaires pour travailler sur la definition´ d’UML En 1997,© normalisation Achref ELde la mMOUELHIethode´ UML 1.1 par © l’OMG H & H: Research and Training 9 / 16 UML Differente´ version d’UML UML 1.1 : 1997 UML 1.2 : 1998 UML 1.3 : 1999 UML 1.4 : 2001 UML 1.5 : 2003 UML 2.0 : 2005 UML 2.1 : 2006 UML 2.2 :© 2009 Achref EL MOUELHI © UML 2.3 : 2010 UML 2.4 : 2011 UML 2.5 : 2015 UML 2.5.1 : 2017 H & H: Research and Training 10 / 16 UML Remarques 14 diagrammes depuis UML 2.3 classes´ en deux categories´ 7 diagrammes de structure (statiques) : permettent de decrire´ la structure d’un systeme` selon plusieurs points de vue differents´ (classes, composants, nœuds, objets, packages...) 7 diagrammes© Achref de comportement EL MOUELHI (dynamiques) : permettent© de decrire´ le comportement d’un systeme` de plusieurs points de vue differents´ (temporel, changement d’etat...)´ H & H: Research and Training 11 / 16 UML Diagrammes de structure (statiques) Diagramme de classes (class diagram) Diagramme d’objets (object diagram) Diagramme des paquets (package diagram) Diagramme de composants (component diagram) Diagramme© Achref de deploiement´ EL (deployment MOUELHI diagram) © Diagramme de structure composite (composite structure diagram) Diagramme de profils (profile diagram) H & H: Research and Training 12 / 16 UML Diagrammes de comportement (dynamiques) Diagramme de cas d’utilisation (use-case diagram) Diagramme etats-transitions´ (state machine diagram) Diagramme d’activite´ (activity diagram) Diagramme de sequence´ (sequence diagram) Diagramme© Achref de communication EL MOUELHI (communication diagram) © Diagramme global d’interaction (interaction overview diagram) Diagramme de temps (timing diagram) H & H: Research and Training 13 / 16 <<component>> Classeur Package Ster´ eotype´ UML Notations communes Classeur : a une forme rectangulaire et permet de representer´ plusieurs el´ ements´ dans de differents´ diagrammes UML Package (paquetage) : est un regroupement d’el´ ements´ de systeme` ou de diagrammes Ster´ eotype´ : annotation entouree´ par <<nomAnnotation>> permettant d’ajouter une precision´ sur l’el´ ement´ annote´ © Achref EL MOUELHI © H & H: Research and Training 14 / 16 <<component>> UML Notations communes Classeur : a une forme rectangulaire et permet de representer´ plusieurs el´ ements´ dans de differents´ diagrammes UML Package (paquetage) : est un regroupement d’el´ ements´ de systeme` ou de diagrammes Ster´ eotype´ : annotation entouree´ par <<nomAnnotation>> permettant d’ajouter une precision´ sur l’el´ ement´ annote´ © Achref EL MOUELHI © Classeur Package Ster´ eotype´ H & H: Research and Training 14 / 16 UML Les fl`eches en UML Association bidirectionnelle Association unidirectionnelle D´ependance H´eritage © Achref ELImpl´ementation MOUELHI © Agr´egation Composition H & H: Research and Training 15 / 16 UML Quelques logiciels pour faire la modelisation´ UML Power Designer (payant - version d’essai 30 jours) StarUML BoUML Visual Paradigm (payant - version d’essai 30 jours) Astah (payant - version d’essai 30 jours) Outil en© ligne Achref : https://www.draw.io/ EL MOUELHI © ArgoUML (Open source) PlantUML H & H: Research and Training 16 / 16.
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