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Grappling with Race: a Textual Analysis of Race Within the Wwe
GRAPPLING WITH RACE: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF RACE WITHIN THE WWE BY MARQUIS J. JONES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Communication April 2019 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Ronald L. Von Burg, PhD, Advisor Jarrod Atchison, PhD, Chair Eric K. Watts, PhD ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Ron Von Burg of the Communication Graduate School at Wake Forest University. Dr. Von Burg’s office was always open whenever I needed guidance in the completion of this thesis. He consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right direction whenever he thought I needed. I would also like to thank Dr. Jarrod Atchison and Dr. Eric Watts for serving as committed members of my Graduate Thesis Committee. I truly appreciate the time and energy that was devoted into helping me complete my thesis. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents, Marcus and Erika Jones, for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of sturdy and through the process of research and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you. I love you both very much. Thank you again, Marquis Jones iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………..iv Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………Pg. 1 Chapter 2: HISTORY OF WWE……………………………………………Pg. 15 Chapter 3: RACIALIZATION IN WWE…………………………………..Pg. 25 Chapter 4: CONCLUSION………………………………………………......Pg. -
Wwe Network Announces Programming
For Immediate Release WWE® NETWORK ANNOUNCES PROGRAMMING LINEUP STAMFORD, Conn., February 19, 2014 – WWE Network, the first-ever 24/7 streaming network, has unveiled its programming lineup, which is highlighted by WrestleMania® 30 on Sunday, April 6 at 7 pm ET live from the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. In addition, for the first time ever, the WWE Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony will air live in its entirety on Saturday, April 5 at 9 pm ET on WWE Network. This year’s current inductees include The Ultimate Warrior, Jake “The Snake” Roberts and Lita. A one-hour special will also air on USA Network on Monday, April 7, immediately following Monday Night Raw®. WWE Network will officially launch on Monday, February 24 at 9 am ET and fans will instantly have access to live programming and the most comprehensive WWE video-on- demand library upon signing up exclusively at WWE.com. WWE Network will be available through the WWE App on TV via connected devices including Roku streaming devices, Sony PlayStation® 3, Sony PlayStation® 4 and Xbox 360. WWE Network will also be available through the WWE App on iOS devices, including Apple iPad and iPhone, Amazon’s Kindle Fire devices and Android devices, as well as on desktops and laptops via WWE.com. The programming line-up on WWE Network includes: WrestleMania 30 WWE’s pop-culture extravaganza, WrestleMania 30, will air live on Sunday, April 6 at 7 pm ET from New Orleans. More than 70,000 fans from all 50 states and more than 30 countries are expected to converge on the Mercedes-Benz Superdome with millions more watching around the world. -
“Smackdown”: a Textual Analysis of Class, Race and Gender in WWE Televised Professional Wrestling
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2012 Ideological “Smackdown”: A Textual Analysis of Class, Race and Gender in WWE Televised Professional Wrestling Casey Brandon Hart University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Broadcast and Video Studies Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, and the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Hart, Casey Brandon, "Ideological “Smackdown”: A Textual Analysis of Class, Race and Gender in WWE Televised Professional Wrestling" (2012). Dissertations. 550. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/550 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi IDEOLOGICAL “SMACKDOWN”: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF CLASS, RACE AND GENDER IN WWE TELEVISED PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING by Casey Brandon Hart Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2012 ABSTRACT IDEOLOGICAL “SMACKDOWN”: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF CLASS, RACE AND GENDER IN WWE TELEVISED PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING by Casey Brandon Hart May 2012 The focus of this study is an in-depth intertextual examination of how the WWE in 2010 and by extension contemporary professional wrestling in general represents a microcosm of modern cultural ideology. The study examines three major areas in which this occurs. -
Wwe Network Expands Throughout South East Asia
For Immediate Release WWE® NETWORK EXPANDS THROUGHOUT SOUTH EAST ASIA TO INCLUDE THAILAND AND THE PHILIPPINES STAMFORD, Conn., March 2, 2016 – Beginning today, fans in Thailand and Philippines can order WWE Network online by going to WWENetwork.com and receive their first month of service free. WWE Network in Thailand and Philippines will cost $9.99 USD per month, with no commitment and the ability to cancel any time. Subscribers will have access to the U.S. English language version of WWE Network and get all 12 WWE pay-per-view events at no additional cost including WWE’s biggest event of the year, WrestleMania, as well as 24/7 scheduled programming and the most comprehensive video-on-demand library with more than 4,700 hours of content, including Raw® and SmackDown® re-airs, and every WWE, WCW™ and ECW™ pay- per-view. WWE Network is available now in Thailand and Philippines on desktop, laptop and mobile devices. It will become available through Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV, Sony PlayStation 3, Sony PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Xbox 360, Roku and Smart TVs in time for WrestleMania 32. “WWE is committed to the global growth of our brand,” said George Barrios, WWE Chief Strategy & Financial Officer. “We are thrilled to offer WWE Network to our fans in Thailand and Philippines in time for our biggest event of the year, WrestleMania.” In addition to the 12 live WWE pay-per-view events, WWE Network original programming in 2016 includes: The Edge & Christian Show That Totally Reeks of Awesomeness – A half- hour variety show starring the talented duo, Edge and Christian that will take a look back at all the highs and lows of sports entertainment, while offering a unique and humor filled perspective to the WWE Universe. -
How Women Fans of World Wrestling Entertainment Perceive Women Wrestlers Melissa Jacobs Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2017 "They've Come to Draw Blood" - How Women Fans of World Wrestling Entertainment Perceive Women Wrestlers Melissa Jacobs Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Jacobs, Melissa, ""They've Come to Draw Blood" - How Women Fans of World Wrestling Entertainment Perceive Women Wrestlers" (2017). All Theses. 2638. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2638 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THEY’VE COME TO DRAW BLOOD” – HOW WOMEN FANS OF WORLD WRESTLING ENTERTAINMENT PERCEIVE WOMEN WRESTLERS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Communication, Technology, and Society by Melissa Jacobs May 2017 Accepted by: Dr. D. Travers Scott, Committee Chair Dr. Erin Ash Dr. Darren Linvill ABSTRACT For a long time, professional wrestling has existed on the outskirts of society, with the idea that it was just for college-aged men. With the rise of the popularity of the World Wrestling Entertainment promotion, professional wrestling entered the mainstream. Celebrities often appear at wrestling shows, and the WWE often hires mainstream musical artists to perform at their biggest shows, WrestleMania and Summer Slam. Despite this still-growing popularity, there still exists a gap between men’s wrestling and women’s wrestling. Often the women aren’t allowed long match times, and for the longest time sometimes weren’t even on the main shows. -
Wwe Legends of Wrestlemania
BECOME A LEGEND The time has come to enter the ring once again… IT’S WRESTLEMANIA TIME! COMPREHENSIVE MOVE LISTS WWE ™ CAREER HIGHLIGHTS OVERALL: 84 HEIGHT 6’3” AWA CHAMPION WEIGHT 260 LBS. GROUND CHAIN STRUGGLE ROBBINSDALE, STRIKE ATTA CKS POWER COMPARISON AWA TAG TEAM CHAMPION FROM MR. PERFECT MN 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES WCW TAG TEAM CHAMPION WWE DEBUT 1982 x I ELBOW DROP 2 a, b, x, OR y (RANDOM) K, L, I, OR J (RANDOM) DROPKICK 3 UNITED STAT ES CHAMPION ATTRIBUTES HOLD x HOLD I KNEE DROP 4 LOCK UP STR 81 INTERCONTINENTA L CHAMPION 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES GRA 83 GRAPPLE MOVES a, b, x, OR y (RANDOM) K, L, I, OR J (RANDOM) BELLY TO BELLY 1 INDUCTED INTO WWE HALL OF FAME DUR 84 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES IN 2007 TEC 90 a K RUNNING NECK HEAD LOCK (NEAR UPPER BODY) (NEAR UPPER BODY) TWIST 2 SPD 84 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES L a L K TOWARD OPPONENT + (NEAR TOWARD OPPONENT + (NEAR REVERSE CHIN LOCK K L I J UPPER BODY) UPPER BODY) a, b, x, OR y (RANDOM) , , , OR (RANDOM) PILEDRIVER 1 BLOOD a (NEAR LOWER BODY) K (NEAR LOWER BODY) LEG BREAKER FRONT NECK LOCK 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES L TOWARD OPPONENT + a (NEAR L TOWARD OPPONENT + K (NEAR LEG STRETCH 2 ™ STANDING LOWER BODY) LOWER BODY) a, b, x, OR y (RANDOM) K, L, I, OR J (RANDOM) DOUBLE ARM SUPLEX 1 STRIKE ATTA CKS SIDE ARM BAR 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES K L I J LEGENDS OF WRESTLEMANIA HOLD x HOLD I OUTLAW PUNCH CORNER a, b, x, OR y (RANDOM) , , , OR (RANDOM) FISHERMAN SUPLEX RUNNING STRIKES L TOWARD OPPONENT + HOLD x L TOWARD OPPONENT + HOLD I BACK CHOP 3 HAMMER LOCK 360 PS3 MOVE NAME NOTES MR. -
Top-Tier Executive Producer Team • Jon Murray, Gil Goldschein, Rick De Oliveira, Jeff Jenkins
WWE LEGEND “STONE COLD” STEVE AUSTIN WILL HOST THE COMPETITION. HE KNOWS EXACTLY WHAT IT TAKES TO BE A LEGEND . AND WHO WILL ULTIMATELY BE TOUGH ENOUGH TO WIN! THE CONTESTANTS WILL BE COACHED BY TWO OF WWE’S PREMIERE TRAINERS – BILL DEMONT AND TRISH STRATUS. THEY WILL PUSH THE CONTESTANTS TO THE LIMIT TO support THE STRONG – AND WEED OUT THE WEAK! 2 WWE RECRUITS WILL SEARCH AMERICA THRU MAJOR OPEN CALLS TO FIND 20 OF THE MOST ATHLETIC, DRIVEN, CHARISMATIC AND HUNGRY MEN AND WOMEN WHO DREAM OF WWE GLORY. A DIVERSE GROUP OF 10 MEN AND 10 WOMEN WILL BEgiN THEIR JOURNEY TO PROVE THEY DESERVE THE PRIZE. IN THIS GROUP COULD BE A HUS- BAND & WIFE, SISTERS, BROTHERS, CO-WORKERS, BEST FRIENDS . WILL HAVING AN ALLY IN THE Competition HELP OR HURT THEIR ABILITY TO SURVIVE UNTIL THE END – WHEN ONLY ONE CAN WIN? 3 TRAINING WILL TAKE PLACE IN THE STATE-OF-THE-ART WWE PERFORMANCE CENTER IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA. THIS IS THE PLACE WHERE SUPERSTARS ARE MADE! AND WHEN THEY ARE NOT IN THE GYM OR IN THE RING, THEY WILL LIVE IN A HOUSE BIG ENOUGH TO IMPRESS – AND GET A TASTE OF LIFE AS A SUPERSTAR – BUT SMALL ENOUGH TO KNOW THEY CAN’T ESCAPE EACH OTHER’S EGOS AND DRAMA. 4 IN EVERY EPISODE, THE CONTESTANTS WILL TRAIN AND COMPETE TO EARN A CHANCE TO SHINE IN THE SPOTLIGHT. BUT ONLY ONE WILL WIN THE CONTRACT TO BE THE NEXT WWE SUPERSTAR. THINGS ARE GOING TO GET TOUGH – REAL TOUGH – AND THERE ARE GOING TO BE “CASUALTIES” . -
WWE Superstar and Diva Biographies a National Literacy Trust Resource
WWE Superstar and Diva biographies A National Literacy Trust resource Read these biographies of some of our favourite WWE Superstars and Divas to get some inspiration for developing the character of your own Superstar or Diva. Kofi Kingston The energy contained within one Kofi Kingston could power a major city for several years. A Ghanaian grappler with a beaming smile, Kingston’s boundless enthusiasm is only rivalled by his limitless athleticism, which he displays fearlessly every time he steps in the ring, to the delight of the entire WWE Universe. In fact, the only people who don’t like Kofi Kingston are the Superstars he faces each week – and that’s only because they can rarely catch him. The leader of the Boom Squad is a truly fierce fighter, who can curtail the smiles to kick it up in intensity if an opponent is foolish enough to set him off. With the capacity to succeed on singles and tag team levels, this young Superstar's future continues to get brighter, probably because he actually keeps leaping closer and closer to the sun. AJ Lee AJ Lee exudes the perfect girl-next-door vibe, is a self- described video gamer and possesses the physical skills of a gymnast. But don’t be fooled. She’s not as innocent as she looks. Although she stands a petite, 5-foot-3 frame, AJ is a fierce competitor with an energetic, high-flying style that poses a threat to any Diva. This proud New Jersey native has won many WWE fans with her lucha-inspired moves and indomitable fighting spirit. -
'Professional Wrestler' Or 'Wrestling'
Annals of branding: WWE insists on 'superstar' and 'sports entertainment,' not 'professional wrestler' or 'wrestling' 3/12/19, 301 PM Annals of branding: WWE insists on 'superstar' and 'sports entertainment,' not 'professional wrestler' or 'wrestling' Local o'cials were asked to stick to rules about what to call the people in the ring, the organizer and even that thing the winners get to wear around their waists. WWE rules are particular about how people refer to competitors like Charlotte Flair, who talked about women in WWE at a news conference in Tampa Thursday. So, professional wrestlers? No, according to a list of "WWE Do's and Dont's" given to local o'cials before the news conference. Divas? No. WWE's preferred term is "superstar." MONICA HERNDON | Times By Richard Danielson Published March 8 TAMPA — It may look like mayhem in the ring, but when it comes to the brand, World Wrestling Entertainment doesn't leave much to chance. https://www.tampabay.com/business/annals-of-branding-wwe-insists-on-…orts-entertainment-not-professional-wrestler-or-wrestling-20190308/ Page 1 of 3 Annals of branding: WWE insists on 'superstar' and 'sports entertainment,' not 'professional wrestler' or 'wrestling' 3/12/19, 301 PM Check out the list of "WWE Do's and Don'ts" given to local officials before this week’s news conference announcing that WrestleMania 36 will come to Raymond James Stadium on April 5, 2020: • When referring to our talent, we ask that you refer to them as WWE Superstars both for the men and women and NOT as “professional wrestlers.” • As of March 2016, our female Superstars are NO longer referred to as WWE Divas, so please call them WWE Superstars. -
How and Why Professional Wrestlers in the WWE Should Unionize Under the National Labor Relations Act Geoff Estes
Marquette Sports Law Review Volume 29 Article 4 Issue 1 Fall New Bargaining Order: How and Why Professional Wrestlers in the WWE Should Unionize Under the National Labor Relations Act Geoff Estes Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Repository Citation Geoff Estes, New Bargaining Order: How and Why Professional Wrestlers in the WWE Should Unionize Under the National Labor Relations Act, 29 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 137 (2018) Available at: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol29/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ESTES ARTICLE 29.1 (DO NOT DELETE) 12/11/18 1:05 PM NEW BARGAINING ORDER: HOW AND WHY PROFESSIONAL WRESTLERS IN THE WWE SHOULD UNIONIZE UNDER THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT GEOFF ESTES* I. INTRODUCTION In May of 1999, the WWE, then known as the WWF, had a storyline play out on their weekly episodic live television show, Monday Night RAW. It concerned the wrestlers staging a labor uprising in an attempt to be able to unionize.1 While this was a ploy by the WWE to cast the “faces” (“the good guys”) as blue-collar, hard-working performers whom were constantly being held down unfairly by the “heels” (“the bad guys”) in the corporation, it introduced to the WWE audience a very real issue concerning the health and well-being of WWE wrestlers.2 Although this was a “work,” meaning a scripted promo, it was also a window into tensions and feelings that were very real backstage at WWE events. -
An Examination of WWE Wrestling Isamu Horiuchi Claremont Graduate University
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CGU Theses & Dissertations CGU Student Scholarship 2012 Stylizing, Commodifying, and Disciplining Real Bodies: An Examination of WWE Wrestling Isamu Horiuchi Claremont Graduate University Recommended Citation Horiuchi, Isamu. (2012). Stylizing, Commodifying, and Disciplining Real Bodies: An Examination of WWE Wrestling. CGU Theses & Dissertations, 55. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/55. doi: 10.5642/cguetd/55 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stylizing, Commodifying, and Disciplining Real Bodies: An Examination of WWE Wrestling A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Claremont Graduate University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cultural Studies by Isamu Horiuchi Claremont Graduate University, 2012 © Copyright Isamu Horiuchi, 2012 All rights reserved. APPROVAL OF THE REVIEW COMMITTEE This dissertation has been duly read, reviewed, and critiqued by the Committee listed below, which hereby approves the manuscript of Isamu Horiuchi as fulfilling the scope and quality requirements for meriting the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cultural Studies. Henry Krips, Chair Claremont Graduate University Professor of Cultural Studies Andrew W. Mellon All-Claremont Chair of Humanities Alexandra Juhasz, Member Pitzer College Professor of Media Studies Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Member Pomona College Professor of Media Studies Abstract Stylizing, Commodifying, and Disciplining Real Bodies: An Examination of WWE wrestling by Isamu Horiuchi Claremont Graduate University: 2012 This dissertation examines professional wrestling in the U.S., in particular, live and television shows produced by the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). -
Wrestlemania Axxess Directory
WRESTLEMANIA AXXESS DIRECTORY The Main Event – Live matches and Q&As featuring WWE Superstars, plus a Syfy Dream Machines Experience–Come experience Syfy's upcoming reality ton of contests where you could win prizes. series, Dream Machines. Florida's own Parker Brothers dream big and bring imagination to life as they build fantastical vehicles, making them realities on the Out Think The Fink Game Show Presented By WWE Magazine – New For 2012! road. Check out one of their amazing creations live in person. Have what it takes to stump the Fink? Here is your shot at winning an authentic Replica WWE Title. CeNation Action Zone–New For 2012!–Visit CeNation for fun, interactive opportunities to show your hustle, loyalty and respect. Test your trivia knowledge Cover Shoot Presented By WWE Magazine–Have your photo taken and inserted for your chance to win great prizes! Plus, record your own Cena-inspired onto the cover of a WWE magazine. entrance music, pose for the camera at the Cena vs. Rock photo shoot, climb the “Rise Above Hate” climbing wall and more! Superstar Signings–Get an autograph with your favorite WWE Superstar or Diva at stations located throughout WrestleMania Axxess. WWE Universe Open Casting Call: The Marine: Homefront Presented By WWE Studios–New For 2012! The WWE Studios team is looking for talent right Undertaker’s Graveyard–Experience your dark side; walk through the cemetery here at WrestleMania Axxess! You have a shot at auditioning for a role in WWE with tombstones featuring the Undertaker’s 19 WrestleMania victims. Studio's upcoming film, Marine: Homefront.