Archaeological Assessment: Chatsfield Properties
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Archaeological Assessment: Rotokauri Greenway ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ROTOKAURI GREENWAY HAMILTON PREPARED BY SI Â N K E I T H 1 November 19th, 2018 Sian Keith Archaeology Ltd. Archaeological Assessment: Rotokauri Greenway ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSES S M E N T HAMILTON CITY COUNCIL Contents Executive Summary .................................................................. 4 1. Introduction ........................................................ 5 1.1. Purpose & Scope ................................................ 5 2. Statutory Requirements ..................................... 5 2.1. Heritage NZ Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 ......... 5 2.2. The Resource Management Act 1991 ............. 6 2.3. Statutory Planning Instruments ........................ 7 3. Methodology ....................................................... 7 4. Physical Environment and Setting ................... 7 5. Historical Background ....................................... 9 5.1. Maori Era ............................................................. 9 5.2. European era ..................................................... 11 6. Previous Archaeological Work ....................... 12 6.1. Investigations .................................................... 12 6.1.1. S14/5 .................................................................. 12 6.1.2. S14/11 ................................................................ 15 6.1.3. Other Investigation ................................................ 15 6.2. Recorded Archaeological/ Heritage Sites ..... 16 6.2.1. ArchSite ............................................................... 16 6.2.2. The List ................................................................ 17 6.2.3. Hamilton City Plan .............................................. 17 6.2.4. Waikato District Plan .......................................... 18 7. Historic Maps & Images .................................. 18 7.1. Maps and Plans ................................................. 18 7.2. Aerial Photographs ........................................... 21 7.3. Summary of Documentary Evidence ............ 27 8. Fieldwork ........................................................... 27 8.1. December Field Visit (East of Exelby Rd) ... 27 8.1.1. Results .................................................................. 29 8.1.2. Summary .............................................................. 29 8.2. February Field Visit (West of Exelby Rd) .... 32 8.2.1. Results .................................................................. 33 8.2.2. Discussion ............................................................. 33 9. Constraints and Limitations ............................ 34 10. Archaeological and Other Values .................. 34 10.1. Archaeological Values ...................................... 34 10.1.1. HNZPT .............................................................. 35 10.1.2. WRPS ................................................................. 35 11. Assessment of Effects ..................................... 36 11.1. Description of Proposal .................................. 36 11.2. Assessment of Effects ..................................... 40 11.3. Recommendations ............................................ 40 References ................................................................................. 41 November 19th, 2018 Sian Keith Archaeology Ltd. 2 Archaeological Assessment: Rotokauri Greenway Figure 1: Location Plan (red line) (Source: Google Earth) ............................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Part of ‘Soil Map of Parts of Newcastle and Komakorau S.D’s, Waipa County’, NZ Geological Survey, 1935. General project area indicated with red line. ...................................................... 8 Figure 3: Investigation & Survey Plan Rotokauri PA (1973). Source: Waikato Museum S14/5. ..........15 Figure 4: ArchSite map showing recorded archaeological sites within, and immediately surrounding the project area (indicated by red line). Retrieved 3/08/2018. ...................................................................16 Figure 5: Part of ‘Sketch Map of the Country lying between the Waipa and Waikato Rivers shewing the Maori positions of Pah te Rangi and Piko Piko” (c. 1864). The map indicates a track between the Waipa and Waikato Rivers and the showing approximate project area (blue ellipse) (note that the plan is oriented with north at the bottom of the page). ........................................................................................19 Figure 6: Part of Survey Plan 345/1 (1868) with the approximate project area north of Exelby Rd shown with a blue ellipse and modern road names annotated. ..................................................................19 Figure 7: Part SO346 (1865) showing project footprint from Exelby Road to Lake Rotokauri (red line), no detail regarding pa sites S14/5 or Te Uhi are illustrated - their location is marked with a blue ellipse. ...................................................................................................................................................................20 Figure 8: Part of Survey Plan SO 347/1 (1865) with the approximate project area north of Exelby Rd shown with a blue ellipse...................................................................................................................................20 Figure 9: Part SO5915 (1890) ...........................................................................................................................21 Figure 10: 1943 Aerial image with the indicative project extent shown with yellow dashed line (source: Retrolens.nz). .......................................................................................................................................22 Figure 11: 1963 aerial image showing areas of anomalous circles (within blue ellipse) and part of the indicative project extent (yellow dashed line). (Source: Retrolens.nz) .......................................................23 Figure 12: 1943 aerial close-up of pa and drain .............................................................................................24 Figure 13: 1963 aerial close-up of pa and drain .............................................................................................25 Figure 14: Close up of 1974 aerial image of pa site – probable location of investigations in 1973-4 highlighted ...........................................................................................................................................................26 Figure 15: Overview of survey area (route indicated with green line) .......................................................27 Figure 16: Location of proposal (green line) and survey path (red dashed line) ......................................28 Figure 17: South end of Area B looking north-west, approx. alignment shown by dashed line. ..........29 Figure 18: North end of Area B looking north-west, approx. alignment shown by dashed line. .........30 Figure 19: Area B approx. alignment shown by dashed line, looking NW with Waikato Expressway top-right of image ...............................................................................................................................................30 Figure 20: Area C looking south, alignment shown by dashed line. ..........................................................31 Figure 21: Area D looking south-west, alignment shown by dashed line. ................................................31 Figure 22: Swale alignment from Exelby Rd to Lake Rotokauri. Test pit locations shown, and orange line shows alignment of existing farm drain ..................................................................................................32 Figure 23: View looking west along farm drain toward lake Rotokauri (arrowed) ..................................32 Figure 24: Test Pits 1, 3, and 4. ........................................................................................................................33 Figure 25: Rotokauri Greenway Project - indicative plan (Source: Beca, 2018). Red stars indicated recorded archaeological sites. ...........................................................................................................................37 Figure 26: Plan of Land Requirements to west of Exelby Rd. Te Uhi Pa annotated (source BECA 2018). ....................................................................................................................................................................38 Figure 27: Detail of proposed works close to shoreline of Rotokauri. ......................................................39 November 19th, 2018 Sian Keith Archaeology Ltd. 3 Archaeological Assessment: Rotokauri Greenway EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BECA, on behalf of Hamilton City Council (HCC), commissioned Sian Keith Archaeology Ltd (SKA) to provide an archaeological assessment of the proposed Rotokauri Greenway, which forms part of the Rotokauri Structure Plan. This assessment is required to accompany any necessary resource consents, and can also be used to form the basis of an application to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (HNZPT) for an archaeological authority. The assessment has involved a review of historic documents including aerial photographs, historic maps, archaeological data, and consultant’s reports for the wider area. A review of the relevant council plans has been undertaken, and a field visit to the project site has been made. The research