Senate Hearings Before the Committee on Appropriations
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S. HRG. 109–284 Senate Hearings Before the Committee on Appropriations Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Fiscal Year 2006 109th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION H.R. 3010 CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR NONDEPARTMENTAL WITNESSES Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations, 2006 (H.R. 3010) S. HRG. 109–284 DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGEN- CIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H.R. 3010 AN ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES, FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 2006, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Corporation for Public Broadcasting Department of Education Department of Health and Human Services Department of Labor Nondepartmental witnesses Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 99–869 PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri TOM HARKIN, Iowa MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland CONRAD BURNS, Montana HARRY REID, Nevada RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama HERB KOHL, Wisconsin JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire PATTY MURRAY, Washington ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota LARRY CRAIG, Idaho DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois MIKE DEWINE, Ohio TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado J. KEITH KENNEDY, Staff Director TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania, Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi TOM HARKIN, Iowa JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii LARRY CRAIG, Idaho HARRY REID, Nevada KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas HERB KOHL, Wisconsin TED STEVENS, Alaska PATTY MURRAY, Washington MIKE DEWINE, Ohio MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia (Ex officio) Professional Staff BETTILOU TAYLOR JIM SOURWINE MARK LAISCH SUDIP SHRIKANT PARIKH CANDICE NGO ELLEN MURRAY (Minority) ERIK FATEMI (Minority) ADRIENNE HALLETT (Minority) Administrative Support RACHEL JONES (II) CONTENTS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2, 2005 Page Department of Education: Office of the Secretary ................................................ 1 TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 2005 Department of Labor: Office of the Secretary ....................................................... 73 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 2005 Department of Health and Human Services: Office of the Secretary ................. 145 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6, 2005 Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health ...... 177 MONDAY, JULY 11, 2005 Corporation for Public Broadcasting ...................................................................... 317 MATERIAL SUBMITTED BY AGENCIES NOT APPEARING FOR FORMAL HEARINGS Social Security Administration ............................................................................... 365 Railroad Retirement Board ..................................................................................... 380 NONDEPARTMENTAL WITNESSES Department of Labor ............................................................................................... 385 Department of Health and Human Services ......................................................... 397 National Institutes of Health .................................................................................. 497 Department of Education ........................................................................................ 622 Related Agencies ...................................................................................................... 672 (III) DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RE- LATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2, 2005 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met at 9:30 a.m. in room SD–126, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Arlen Specter (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Specter, Cochran, Harkin, and Kohl. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY STATEMENT OF HON. MARGARET SPELLINGS, SECRETARY ACCOMPANIED BY: C. TODD JONES, ASSOCIATE DEPUTY SECRETARY FOR BUDGET AND STRATEGIC ACCOUNTABILITY THOMAS SKELLY, DIRECTOR, BUDGET SERVICE OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR ARLEN SPECTER Senator SPECTER. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, the Ap- propriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health, Human Services, and Education will now proceed. We are joined by the distinguished Secretary of Education, Margaret Spellings, who has had an out- standing academic and professional career, served for 6 years with then-Governor George Bush of Texas, came to the White House 4 years ago and has recently been appointed and confirmed as Sec- retary of Education. As I had talked to the Secretary earlier, our Senate schedule is very, very crowded. We have on the floor at the moment the Bank- ruptcy bill, for which I have duties as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and the majority leader has scheduled a meeting at 10 o’clock on pending asbestos legislation, which is a matter of real importance to the administration and to the Congress, so I’m going to have to excuse myself a few minutes before 10 to attend that meeting, but my distinguished ranking member, Senator Harkin, has agreed to take my place. He does that with great distinction. He and I have exchanged the gavel seamlessly for longer than ei- ther of us is prepared to admit. But we have a true partnership, and when he’s here I know it will be in very good hands. (1) 2 I’ve already talked to Senator Harkin about waiving our opening statements so we can go right to your testimony, Madame Sec- retary, and use the time to the maximum advantage to hear from you. SUMMARY STATEMENT OF HON. MARGARET SPELLINGS Secretary SPELLINGS. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Thank you; good morning, Mr. Chairman, Senator Harkin, I’m thrilled to be here. This is my first appearance before your com- mittee and I know you’ll be as kind and gentle on me as you are with other administration officials. I certainly appreciate the hard work that we have to do together, a lot of tough choices this year, and I pledge to work with you pro- ductively to get to a good result. First, I’d like to introduce my budget team: Tom Skelly, the Budget Service Director, and Todd Jones, Associate Deputy Sec- retary for Budget and Strategic Accountability. And let me take this opportunity to say a special thanks to Chairman Specter. I, and my entire Department, wish you a full and speedy recovery. Senator SPECTER. Thank you. REDUCING THE DEFICIT AND IMPROVING RESULTS Secretary SPELLINGS. I am here to testify on behalf of President Bush’s 2006 discretionary budget request for the Department of Education. The President’s budget accomplishes several goals; the first is fiscal discipline. In his February 2 State of the Union Ad- dress, the President underscored the need to restrain spending in order to sustain our economic growth and prosperity. It is impor- tant that total discretionary and non-security spending be held to levels proposed in the 2006 budget. Its savings and reforms will help us achieve the President’s goal of cutting the budget deficit in half by 2009, and we urge Congress to support them. The fiscal year 2006 budget includes more than 150 reductions, reforms, and terminations in non-defense discretionary programs, and of those, a third are under the Department of Education. We are committed to working with Congress to achieve these savings. Given the fiscal realities, we must target our resources towards flexibility and results, and let me tell you a little about those re- sults. HIGH SCHOOL REFORM First, the budget would expand the promise of the No Child Left Behind Act to our Nation’s high schools. No Child Left Behind rests on the common sense principles of accountability for results, data- based decisionmaking, high expectations for all, and empowering change. These principles have proven good for our elementary and middle schools, and they are needed today in our high schools. Let me share a few facts that I know you probably have heard before: our 15-year-olds perform below average internationally in mathematics, literacy, and problem solving. Just 68 out of every 100 entering ninth-graders will receive their high school diploma on time. Just 27 will enter college and still be enrolled by their sophomore year, when nearly 80 percent of the fastest-growing jobs 3 require at least that level of preparation. Two-thirds of those who do graduate from high school are not adequately prepared for col- lege, and more than half of all college students take remedial edu- cation courses when they go