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Economic Empowerment of Women in Japan

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Economic Empowerment of Women in Japan 4th Global Forum on Gender Statistics EconomicEconomic EmpowermentEmpowerment ofof WomenWomen inin JapanJapan 27th March,2012 Shizuka TAKAMURA, Counsellor for Gender Equality Analysis Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Ｏffice, Japan ContentsContents ０．The statistical system of Japan １．The Strategy for Rebirth of Japan ２．Big Potential of Women ３．Issues ４．The way ahead 1 ００.. TheThe statisticalstatistical systemsystem ofof JapanJapan The statistical system of Japan The statistical system of Japanese government is decentralized Major Statistical Surveys in Japan Sex-segregated Statistics Ministry data Population Census Ministry of Economic Census Internal Affairs and ○ Family Income and Expenditure Survey Communications Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities Labour Force Survey Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions Ministry of ○ Longitudinal Survey of Adults in 21st Health, Labour Century and Welfare Basic Survey on Wage Structure Japan's Education at a Glance Ministry of Education, Survey on Full Time Equivalent (FTE) data Culture, Sports, for Research Staff members in Higher Science ○ Education Organization and Technology Survey on Violence Between Men and Cabinet Office ○ Women 2 １１.. TheThe StrategyStrategy forfor RebirthRebirth ofof JapanJapan - Overcoming crises and embarking on new frontiers December 22, 2011 y Background Declining Aging Delayed transformation of Deflation since the population society the industrial structure mid-1990s Global financial Great East Japan Nuclear power Appreciating \ Earthquake station accident market instability y Strategies 1. Rebirth efforts following the earthquake and nuclear incident 2. Achieving both economic growth and fiscal health 3. Three frontiers: Economic frontier, Social frontier, International frontier 4. Exploring new frontiers Realizing growth by exploring new frontiers Women will be in the front line as ”the greatest potential to move Japan forwards” 3 - Third Basic Plan for Gender Equality December 17,2010 y Highlights Creation of new priority fields Setting 82 performance (Total number of priority objectives fields:15) Promotion of efforts aimed at increasing the share of women in leadership positions to at least 30% by 2020 in all social fields “Specialist committee on Basic Issues and Gender Impact Assessment and Evaluation” Reported : “Women‘s potential as the critical key to restoring a vibrant Japan,” (February, 2012) 4 ２２ BigBig potentialpotential ofof womenwomen Gender Gap Index (2011) (100/135) EconomicＣｃ Participation and Opportunity 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Sample average 0.1 Health and Survival 0 Education Attainment Japan (98/135) Ｃｃ (80/135Ｃｃ) (1/135) Iceland (1/135) Political Empowerment Ｃｃ (101/135) Source: “The Global Gender Gap Report 2011” World Economic Forum 5 Demographic Changes in Japan Year 2012 (127,498 thousand people) Percentage of aged population (Aged 65 years or above) : 24.2% Women Men Year 2060 (86,787thousand people) 105～ 100～104 95～99 Percentage of aged 90～94 85～89 population (Aged 65 years 80～85 75～79 70～74 or above) : 39.9% 65～69 60～64 55～59 50～54 45～49 40～45 35～39 30～34 25～29 20～24 15～19 10～14 ５～９ ０～４ 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Source： National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, 2012 6 Increase and decrease in the number of male and female employees in each industry （Year 2002Year 2010) (million （万人）people) 200 2 男性Men 150 1.5 女性Women 100 1 50 0.5 Manufacturing Construction建設業 industry industry製造業 0.99million（－99万人） people （1.15－115 million万人） people 0 0 医療・福祉 （Medical180万人） and welfare industry -50-0.5 All industries全産業 1.8million people 1.32million（132万人 people） -100 -1 -150-1.5 Source: “Labour Force Survey ” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 7 Women’s Huge potential Potential labor participation rate (left axis) Women who are willing to work but are not included in Labor participation rate (left axis) the labor force Ratio of self-employed (right axis) 3.4million women, non-labor-force but willing to work, could boost the Japanese GDP by 1.5%. Source: “Labour Force Survey ” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 8 Female/male Total wage ratio Female/male total wage ratio: Japan Around 37% ＝ Female/male employed workers ratio: Around 71% × Female/male Working hour ratio: Around 76% × Female/male Around Wage ratio: 68% Source: “Women‘s potential as the critical key to restoring a vibrant Japan,” Special Committee on Basic Policies and Gender Impact Assessment , Council for Gender Equality, 2012 9 Female/male ratio of legislators, senior officials and managers Source: OECD 10 Female Labor Participation Rates and GDP per Working Hour GDP per hour worked （ US$ ） Female labour participation rate (%) Source: OECD 11 Women are decision makers in their households Who is the decision maker in the household? Percentage of women involved in a decision in their households 【decision t he proposion of saving husband, 24.0 couple, 30.1 wife, 44.8 and consumpt ion】 【purchase consumer durable goods】 19.6 60.4 16.4 【purchase daily goods】 4.4 19.2 74.2 0 20406080100（%） husband couple wife another persons all family members else Source: “A survey on concerns bout the saving and consumption” Cabinet office, Japan (2010) N=6,432 (married males=3,023 married females=3,409） 12 Women entrepreneurs tend to create jobs for women percentage of female engaging to the entities is 49.5% 1.1 5.4 Newly‐organized individual proprietorship entities(*) 24.9 12.2 3.40.2 12.7 25.5 5.6 managed by male 4.1 Newly‐organized individual proprietorship entities(*) 0.0 1.2 37.7 2.8 9.0 29.5 10.1 managed by female 2.2 percentage of female engaging to the entities is 89.1% proprietors (male) family workers (male) full‐time employees (male) non‐regular staff, part‐timers (male) temporary employees (male) proprietors (female) family workers (female) full‐time employees (female) non‐regular staff, part‐timers (female) temporary employees (female) Source: “Establishment and Enterprise Census 2006” and “Economic Census for Business Frame 2009” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. * Cabinet Office analyzed situation using individual data. (*) “Newly-organized entities” refer to entities founded after the Establishment and Enterprise Census 2006, among those which actually existed as the day when the Economic Census for Business Frame 2009 was conducted. 13 ３３.. IssuesIssues （１）Imbalance between Work & Life, Disparities between Women & Men, Time spent for paid and unpaid work according to sex and age Women Men 85+ 80～84 Paid work 75～79 Unpaid work 70～74 65～69 60～64 55～59 50～54 45～49 40～44 35～39 30～34 (published25～ 29by National Police Agency20 )～24 15～19 ( Minutes) ( Minutes (Age) ) Source: “Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities 2006” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 14 Labor force participation rates by sex [Female] [Male] 100.0 100.0 % % 5.9 90.0 90.0 8.6 4.8 4.0 80.0 80.0 3.9 3.7 12.6 7.3 4.3 2.7 2.0 70.0 9.0 7.8 7.4 70.0 9.6 6.3 2.1 5.7 8.0 5.7 60.0 60.0 2.3 3.5 50.0 16.0 4.4 50.0 22.0 19.8 31.8 40.0 18.6 29.9 29.6 40.0 15.0 23.8 75.5 74.1 69.5 73.0 69.9 25.0 4.2 64.8 30.0 30.0 0.9 55.4 9.6 42.8 20.0 0.7 20.0 36.4 38.5 31.3 17.2 0.9 3.7 12.6 26.7 25.9 26.3 24.9 9.8 10.0 19.6 10.0 19.9 3.3 4.4 3.7 8.5 5.7 0.0 2.1 0.0 3.3 Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 ≥ 65 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 ≥ 65 Regular staffs Part-time workers/ Dispatched workers/ temporary workers entrusted employees/others Source: “Employment Status Survey 2007,” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Note 1: Employees excluding executives of companies or corporations Note 2: “Regular staffs” are officers and employees; and “dispatched workers/entrusted employees/others” are dispatched workers from temporary labor agencies, contract employees, entrusted employees, and others. 15 Employed workers annual income according to sex 151500万円以上～ 10～15 女性Women 1000～1499万円 男性Men 9900～999万円～10 8800～899万円～9 700～799万円7～8 600～699万円6～7 500～599万円5～6 4 5 400～499万円～ 3～4 300～399万円 2.5～3 250～299万円 2～2.5 200～249万円 1.5～2 150～199万円 1～1.5 100～149万円0.5～1 ～50～99万円0.5 50万円未満 -25% 25%20% - 20%15% - 15% -10% 10% -5% 5% 0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% ( million Yen ) Source: “Employment Status Survey 2007,” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 16 The relative poverty rate of women & men according to age 30% 25% Male Female 20% rate, M50) 15% poverty 10% 5% (Rrekatuve 0% Source: “Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2010“ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. ＊Abe, Aya calculated the relative poverty rate using the individual data. 17 （２）Condition and Mind Set Childcare availability and maternal employment rates Source: OECD 18 Fathers’ annual income and motherly labor participation rates 60 （％） 母親の就業率 1984年 1994年 2004年 40 icipation rate (%) icipation 20 Motherly labor part 0 ～2002 万円 2002～～4 4004～～6 6006～～8 8008～10 1000万円10～ 父親の年収 Million未満 399Million万円 599Million万円 799Million万円 999Million万円 以上Million Yen Yen Yen Yen Yen Yen (published by National Police Fathers’Agency annual ) income Source: “Women‘s potential as a critical key to restoring a vibrant Japan,” Special Committee on Basic Policies and Gender Impact Assessment , Council for Gender Equality, 2012 19 20 Chile Mexico Mexico Chile Japan Turkey Israel Netherlands Israel Turkey Switzerland Greece Greece Ireland Source: OECD men 男子 Spain Luxembourg United States Italy men Spain 男子
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