UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGE Aluva- 683 102 (Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam) Ernakulam Dt
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In Presenting the Dissertation As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for an Advanced Degree from the Georgia Institute Of
In presenting the dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology, I agree that the Library of the Institute shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to copy from, or to publish from, this dissertation may be granted by the professor under whose direction It was written, or, in his absence, by the Dean of the Graduate Division when such copying or publication is solely for scholarly purposes and does not involve potential financial gain. It is under stood that any copying from, or publication of, this dis sertation which involves potential financial gain will not be allowed without written permission. THE PHOTOMETRIC TITRATION AND EXTRACTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF NICKEL IN THE PRESENCE OF COBALT A THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate Division by Joe Allen Mann In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Chemistry Georgia Institute of Technology April, 1969 THE PHOTOMETRIC TITRATION AND EXTRACTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF NICKEL IN THE PRESENCE OF COBALT APPROVED: 1 / CHAIRMAN DATE APPROVED BY CHAIRMAN: iNI . M ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. H. A, Flaschka for his guidance, inspiration,and friendship. His willingness to share his wide experience, vast knowledge, and keen insight has made an invaluable contribution to the accomplishment of this work and to the development of the author, Dr, Peter E. -
A Study on Physical Chemistry of Solid a Mmonium Materials for Nox Reduction of Diesel Engine Emissions
A Study on Physical Chemistry of Solid A mmonium Materials for NOx Reduction of Diesel Engine Emissions Cheon Seog (Steve) Yoon and Jong Kook Shin Hannam University, Daejeon, KOREA Hoyeol Lee and Hongsuk Kim Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, KOREA 2014 DOE CLEERS Workshop University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA 1 Table of Contents • Introduction of Solid SCR System • Ammonium Salts • Chemical Reactions, Decomposition Chemistry • Chemical Kinetic Parameters by TGA, DTA and DSC • Decomposition Rate from Hot Plate Test and Chemical Kinetic Parameters • Simple Reactor with Visible Window • Equilibrium Vapor Pressure Curve for Ammonium Carbonate • Acquisition of Re-solidified Materials from Ammonium Carbonate • Analytical Study of Re-solidified Materials from Ammonium Carbonate by XRD, FT-IR, and EA • Concluding Remarks • Acknowledgement • Reference 2 Solid SCR System • NOx purification technology by using NH3, which is generated from solid ammonium. • Ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3 , is solid at room temperature, and it decomposes into NH3, H2O & CO2 above temperature of 60℃. 3 Material Properties of Ammonium Salts Solid urea Ammonium carbonate Ammonium cabarmate Molecular formula (NH2)2CO (NH4)2CO3 NH2COONH4 Molecular weight 60.07 96.09 78.07 3 Density, g/cm 1.33 1.5 1.6 Mols NH3 per Mol 2 2 2 Mols NH3 per kg 33.3 20.8 25.6 Decomposition temp., ℃ 140 58 60 NH2CONH2↔ NH3+HNCO Reaction mechanism (NH4)2CO3↔2NH3+CO2+H2O NH4COONH2 ↔ 2NH3 + CO2 HNCO +H2O ↔ NH3 + CO2 Cost cheap cheap moderate * HNCO: Isocyanic Acid [ref] G. Fulks, -
Chemical Resistance: Deco-Trowel
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DECO-TROWEL ® SERIES 223 Tnemec Company, Inc. 6800 Corporate Drive Kansas City, Missouri 64120-1372 +1 816-483-3400 www.tnemec.com © December 16, 2019 by Tnemec Company, Inc. Chem223 Page 1 of 19 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DECO-TROWEL ® | SERIES 223 COMMON PROBLEM AREAS FOR COATINGS AND SOLUTIONS Problem: Coating Solution: Points of failure Carefully and due to thin spots fully coat in coating Problem: Rough Pinhole Solution: Uneven Undercut Grind smooth welds Problem: Gaps between Solution: plates, coating Continuous can not cover welds Problem: Gaps between Solution: plates, coating Continuous can not cover welds Problem: Coating Sharp surface Solution: contours create Round the thin spots in contours coating Problem: Skip welding Solution: creates gaps Continuous that coating welds can not cover Problem: Skip welding Solution: creates gaps Continuous that coating welds can not cover 2 channels back to back IMPORTANT: Definitions for the terms and acronyms used in this guide to describe the recommended exposures, along with other important information, can be found on the cover page of this guide or by contacting Tnemec Technical Service. Coatings should not be applied in a chemical exposure environment until the user has thoroughly read and understood the product information and full project details have been discussed with Tnemec Technical Service. Tnemec Company, Inc. 6800 Corporate Drive Kansas City, Missouri 64120-1372 +1 816-483-3400 www.tnemec.com © December 16, 2019 by Tnemec Company, Inc. Chem223 Page 2 of 19 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DECO-TROWEL ® | SERIES 223 ¹ Product is NOT suitable for direct or indirect food contact. Intended Use and temperature information relates to product’s performance capabilities only. -
NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed of Via Sanitary Sewer Or Solid Waste
NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste (+)-A-TOCOPHEROL ACID SUCCINATE (+,-)-VERAPAMIL, HYDROCHLORIDE 1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE 1-AMINO-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID 1-BROMOOCTADECANE 1-CARBOXYNAPHTHALENE 1-DECENE 1-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1-NONENE 1-TETRADECENE 1-THIO-B-D-GLUCOSE 1-TRIDECENE 1-UNDECENE 2-ACETAMIDO-1-AZIDO-1,2-DIDEOXY-B-D-GLYCOPYRANOSE 2-ACETAMIDOACRYLIC ACID 2-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINO-2-(HYDROXY METHYL)-1,3-PROPONEDIOL 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINOIMIDAZOLE 2-AMINO-5-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 2-AMINOPURINE 2-ANILINOETHANOL 2-BUTENE-1,4-DIOL 2-CHLOROBENZYLALCOHOL 2-DEOXYCYTIDINE 5-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE 2-DEOXY-D-RIBOSE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-HYDROETHYL ACETATE 2-HYDROXY-4-(METHYLTHIO)BUTYRIC ACID 2-METHYLFLUORENE 2-METHYL-2-THIOPSEUDOUREA SULFATE 2-MORPHOLINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 2-NAPHTHOIC ACID 2-OXYGLUTARIC ACID 2-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID 2-PYRIDINEALDOXIME METHIODIDE 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 1 PART D 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 2 PART A 2-THIOLHISTIDINE 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACID 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC HYDRAZIDE 3-ACETYLINDOLE 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZINE 3-AMINO-L-TYROSINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE 3-CARBETHOXY-2-PIPERIDONE 3-CHLOROCYCLOBUTANONE SOLUTION 3-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZOIC ACID 3-(DIETHYLAMINO)-7-[[P-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL]AZO]-5-PHENAZINIUM CHLORIDE 3-HYDROXYTROSINE 1 9/26/2005 NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste 3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-METHYL-1-PHENYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE -
Environmental Protection Agency § 117.3
Environmental Protection Agency § 117.3 (4) Applicability date. This paragraph TABLE 117.3—REPORTABLE QUANTITIES OF (i) is applicable beginning on February HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DESIGNATED PUR- 6, 2020. SUANT TO SECTION 311 OF THE CLEAN (j) Process waste water means any WATER ACT—Continued water which, during manufacturing or Cat- RQ in pounds processing, comes into direct contact Material egory (kilograms) with or results from the production or use of any raw material, intermediate Ammonium benzoate ...................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) Ammonium bicarbonate .................. D ...... 5,000 (2,270) product, finished product, byproduct, Ammonium bichromate ................... A ....... 10 (4.54) or waste product. Ammonium bifluoride ...................... B ....... 100 (45.4) Ammonium bisulfite ......................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) [44 FR 50776, Aug. 29, 1979, as amended at 58 Ammonium carbamate .................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) FR 45039, Aug. 25, 1993; 65 FR 30904, May 15, Ammonium carbonate ..................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) 2000; 80 FR 37112, June 29, 2015; 83 FR 5208, Ammonium chloride ........................ D ...... 5,000 (2,270) Feb. 6, 2018] Ammonium chromate ...................... A ....... 10 (4.54) Ammonium citrate dibasic ............... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) Ammonium fluoborate ..................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) § 117.2 Abbreviations. Ammonium fluoride ......................... B ....... 100 (45.4) NPDES equals National Pollutant Ammonium hydroxide ..................... C -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,883,058 Wells Et Al
USOO5883058A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,883,058 Wells et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar 16, 1999 54 HIGH LATHER STYLING SHAMPOOS 4,784,801 11/1988 Hoeffkes et al. ....................... 252/554 5,084.212 1/1992 Farris et al. ............................ 252/554 (75) Inventors: Robert Lee Wells, Cincinnati, Ohio; 5,104,642 4/1992 Wells et al. ..... ... 424/47 Jon Robert Behrens, Kobe, Japan 5,120,532 6/1992 Wells et al. ............ ... 424/70 5,310,508 5/1994 Subramanyam et al. ............... 252/549 73) Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company, 5,391,368 2/1995 Gerstein ............................... 424/70.13 5,514,302 5/1996 Brown ..................................... 252/545 Cincinnati, Ohio 5,580,494 12/1996 Sandhu et al. .......................... 510/125 Notice: The term of this patent shall not extend FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS beyond the expiration date of Pat. No. 5,672.576. 0323715 12/1989 European Pat. Off.. Appl. No.: 520,631 Primary Examiner Paul Lieberman Assistant Examiner Necholas Ogden Filed: Aug. 29, 1995 Attorney, Agent, or Firm Joan B. Tucker; William J. Int. Cl." ................................................ C110 1/83 Winter; Tara M. Rosnell U.S. Cl. .......................... 510/127; 510/119,510/123; 57 ABSTRACT 510/125; 424/70.11; 424/70.24 The present invention relates to hair shampoo compositions Field of Search ..................................... 252/549, 550, which have improved cleansing, lathering, and Styling ben 252/551, 557; 510/119, 123,125, 127; efits=. These Shampoo compositions comprise an alkyl glyc 424/70.24, 70.11 eryl ether Sulfonate Surfactant, a hair Styling polymer, a 56) References Cited non-polar volatile Solvent, and water. -
Ammonium Formate As Green Hydrogen Source for Clean Semi-Continuous Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of (+/-)-Ααα-Methylbenzylamine
RSC Advances Ammonium Formate as Green Hydrogen Source for Clean Semi-Continuous Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of (+/-)-ααα-Methylbenzylamine Journal: RSC Advances Manuscript ID: RA-ART-01-2014-000462.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the Author: 21-Feb-2014 Complete List of Authors: Miranda, Leandro S. M.; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry Institute de Souza, Rodrigo Octavio; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, de Miranda, Amanda; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Page 1 of 21 RSC Advances Graphical Abstract RSC Advances Page 2 of 21 Ammonium Formate as Green Hydrogen Source for Clean Semi-Continuous Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of (+/-)-α- Methylbenzylamine Amanda S. de Miranda, [a] Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza, [ a] Leandro S. M. Miranda [a]* Keywords: Dynamic kinetic resolution • racemic amines • continuous flow . ammonium formate. Abstract: Abstract: The chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of (+/-)-α- Methylbenzylamine under continuous flow conditions in the presence of Pd/BaSO 4 as racemization catalyst and ammonium formate as reductant is described. Under the conditions developed good conversions and excellent enantiomeric excess are reported Page 3 of 21 RSC Advances Introduction Recently, continuous processing and biocatalysis have been elected as key green engineering research areas for sustainable manufacturing 1a and it is clear that joint efforts between these areas can lead to great improvements on continuous manufacturing in agreement with green chemistry principles 1b,c . Optically pure amines are ubiquitously present in nature and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, their synthesis still represents an ongoing synthetic challenge that can be inferred by the great amount of work and methodologies dealing with this issue in the literature. -
Combustion Synthesis of Aluminum Oxynitride in Loose Powder Beds
materials Article Combustion Synthesis of Aluminum Oxynitride in Loose Powder Beds Alan Wilma ´nski*, Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierała and Zbigniew P˛edzich* Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicz Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (Z.P.) Abstract: This paper describes combusting loose powder beds of mixtures of aluminum metal powders and aluminum oxide powders with various grain sizes under various nitrogen pressure. The synthesis conditions required at least 20/80 weight ratio of aluminum metal powder to alumina powder in the mix to reach approximately 80 wt% of γ-AlON in the products. Finely ground fused white alumina with a mean grain size of 5 µm was sufficient to achieve results similar to very fine alumina with 0.3 µm grains. A lower nitrogen pressure of 1 MPa provided good results, allowing a less robust apparatus to be used. The salt-assisted combustion synthesis upon addition of 10 wt% of ammonium nitrite resulted in a slight increase in product yield and allowed lower aluminum metal powder content in mixes to be ignited. Increasing the charge mass five times resulted in a very similar γ-AlON yield, providing a promising technology for scaling up. Synthesis in loose powder beds could be utilized for effective production of relatively cheap and uniform AlON powder, which could be easily prepared for forming and sintering without intensive grounding and milling, which usually introduce serious contamination. Keywords: aluminum oxynitride; combustion synthesis; salt-assisted; SHS; AlON Citation: Wilma´nski,A.; Zarzecka-Napierała, M.; P˛edzich,Z. -
Mechanochemical Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Derivatives
Article Mechanochemical Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Derivatives Tomislav Portada, Davor Margetić and Vjekoslav Štrukil * Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (T.P.); [email protected] (D.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385‐1‐468‐0197 Received: 15 November 2018; Accepted: 29 November 2018; Published: date Abstract: Mechanochemical ball milling catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aromatic nitro compounds using readily available and cheap ammonium formate as the hydrogen source is demonstrated as a simple, facile and clean approach for the synthesis of substituted anilines and selected pharmaceutically relevant compounds. The scope of mechanochemical CTH is broad, as the reduction conditions tolerate various functionalities, for example nitro, amino, hydroxy, carbonyl, amide, urea, amino acid and heterocyclic. The presented methodology was also successfully integrated with other types of chemical reactions previously carried out mechanochemically, such as amide bond formation by coupling amines with acyl chlorides or anhydrides and click‐type coupling reactions between amines and iso(thio)cyanates. In this way, we showed that active pharmaceutical ingredients Procainamide and Paracetamol could be synthesized from the respective nitro‐precursors on milligram and gram scale in excellent isolated yields. Keywords: mechanochemistry; catalytic transfer hydrogenation; aromatic nitro derivatives; ammonium formate; aging; ball milling; synthesis 1. Introduction Catalytic hydrogenation is one of the most significant functional group transformation reactions in organic synthesis and numerous procedures and reagents have been developed for that purpose [1,2]. As such, the hydrogenation reaction plays one of the key roles in many industrially important processes, for example hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to methanol or in food industry for the conversion of unsaturated vegetable oils into saturated triglycerides [3]. -
A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media
A STUDY OF INTERACTION OF CETYLTRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE WITH METHYL RED BY CONDUCTOMETRY IN METHANOL-WATER MIXED SOLVENT MEDIA A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CENTRAL CAMPUS OF TECHNOLOGY HATTISAR, DHARAN, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY, NEPAL, AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY BY Shubheksha Dahal EXAMS ROLL NO: 80038 TU REDG NO: 5-2-0008-0054-2013 CENTRAL CAMPUS OF TECHNOLOGY HATTISAR, DHARAN, TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY, NEPAL September 2017 i BOARD OF EXAMINER AND CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This project work entitled “A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media”, by “Shubheksha Dahal” (Roll No.: 80038; T.U. Regd No.: 5-2-0008-0054-2013), under the supervision of “Netra Subedi”, Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan, Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, is hereby submitted for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Degree in Chemistry. This project work had not been submitted in any other university or institution previously and has been approved for the award of degree. …………………………….. Supervisor Mr. Netra Subedi Teaching assistant Department of Chemistry C.C.T., Hattisar, Dharan Tribhuvan University ..………………….......… ….…………………… Internal Examiner External Examiner Department of Chemistry C.C.T., Hattisar, Dharan Tribhuvan University ……………………………… Lalita Shrestha Chairman (Department of Chemistry) Central Campus of Technology, Hattisar T.U., Dharan Sunsari, Nepal Date: … September 2017 ii RECOMMENDATION This is recommending that Shubheksha Dahal(Roll No.: 80038; T.U. Regd No.: 5- 2-0008-0054-2013) has carried out project work entitled “A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media” as a partial fulfillment of 4 years Bachelor degree of 4th year in chemistry under my supervision. -
Deleterious Effects of Formic Acid Without Salt Additives on the HILIC Analysis of Basic Compounds
HPLC TN-1040 Deleterious Effects of Formic Acid without Salt Additives on the HILIC Analysis of Basic Compounds A. Carl Sanchez and Monika Kansal Phenomenex, Inc., Torrance, CA, USA Abstract Formic acid is an often-used mobile phase additive for of weak acids increase. The pKa shifts can be quite significant adjusting pH in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), in the high organic environment used for HILIC. For example, especially when using mass spectrometric (MS) detection. This weak bases with aqueous pKa less than ~4 typically will not be practice has been carried over to hydrophilic interaction liquid protonated in HILIC mobile phases when 0.1 v/v % formic acid chromatography (HILIC) separations. However, the mechanisms is used. The pKa of the base is decreased in HILIC mobile phase of action and the relative importance of buffer cation and while the pKa of the formic acid is increased. The increased pKa anion are much different in HILIC than RPLC. For this reason of formic acid leads to an increase in mobile phase pH. The buffer selection in HILIC mode requires consideration of buffer, combination of these opposing changes in pKa results in 0.1 v/v analyte and chromatographic sorbent chemical properties to % formic acid being too weak to protonate bases with pKa < ~4. make an appropriate choice. Proper choice of buffer can make Therefore, formic acid can provide acceptable chromatographic the difference between success and failure with HILIC. In this performance for weak bases with aqueous pKa < ~4. However, paper, the behavior of formic acid with and without the addition basic compounds with aqueous pKa greater than ~4 can be of various salts on the HILIC separation of basic analytes is protonated under HILIC conditions with formic acid. -
Ammonium Carbonate. Drogen in Chlorine Is Dissolved in Water and Then Reacted with Gaseous Ammo- (A) Ammonium Carbonate ((NH4)2CO3, Nia
Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 184.1138 (1) The ingredient is used as a dough (d) Prior sanctions for this ingredient strengthener as defined in § 170.3(o)(6) different from the uses established in of this chapter; a leavening agent as this section do not exist or have been defined in § 170.3(o)(17) of this chapter; waived. a pH control agent as defined in § 170.3(o)(23) of this chapter; and a [48 FR 52439, Nov. 18, 1983] texturizer as defined in § 170.3(o)(32) of § 184.1138 Ammonium chloride. this chapter. (2) The ingredient is used in food at (a) Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, CAS levels not to exceed current good man- Reg. No. 12125–02–9) is produced by the ufacturing practice. reaction of sodium chloride and an am- (d) Prior sanctions for this ingredient monium salt in solution. The less solu- different from the uses established in ble sodium salt separates out at ele- this section do not exist or have been vated temperatures, and ammonium waived. chloride is recovered from the filtrate on cooling. Alternatively, hydrogen [48 FR 52439, Nov. 18, 1983] chloride formed by the burning of hy- § 184.1137 Ammonium carbonate. drogen in chlorine is dissolved in water and then reacted with gaseous ammo- (a) Ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3, nia. Ammonium chloride is crystallized CAS Reg. No. 8000–73–5) is a mixture of from the solution. ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) and (b) The ingredient meets the speci- ammonium carbamate (NH2COONH4). fications of the Food Chemicals Codex, It is prepared by the sublimation of a 3d Ed.