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Quaternary Sediment Dispersal in the Zambezi Turbidite System

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Quaternary Sediment Dispersal in the Zambezi Turbidite System Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Zambezi turbidite system (SW Indian Ocean) Ruth Fierens, Samuel Toucanne, Laurence Droz, Gwenael Jouet, François Raisson, Elisabeth Jorissen, Germain Bayon, Jacques Giraudeau, Stephan Jorry To cite this version: Ruth Fierens, Samuel Toucanne, Laurence Droz, Gwenael Jouet, François Raisson, et al.. Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Zambezi turbidite system (SW Indian Ocean). Marine Geology, Elsevier, 2020, 428, pp.106276. 10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106276. hal-02992198 HAL Id: hal-02992198 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02992198 Submitted on 6 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342269082 Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Zambezi turbidite system (SW Indian Ocean) Article in Marine Geology · June 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106276 CITATIONS READS 0 113 9 authors, including: Ruth Fierens Samuel Toucanne Université de Bretagne Occidentale Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer 8 PUBLICATIONS 20 CITATIONS 103 PUBLICATIONS 2,209 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE L. Droz Jouet Gwenael French National Centre for Scientific Research Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer 147 PUBLICATIONS 2,506 CITATIONS 107 PUBLICATIONS 1,268 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Modeling sediment supply of the Congo watershed since the last 155 ka View project Submarine landslides in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and relationship with the contouritic and turbiditic deposits: morphology, stratigraphy, geotechnics and modelling View project All content following this page was uploaded by Stéphan J. Jorry on 29 September 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Journal Pre-proof Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Zambezi turbidite system (SW Indian Ocean) Ruth Fierens, Samuel Toucanne, Laurence Droz, Gwenael Jouet, François Raisson, Elisabeth L. Jorissen, Germain Bayon, Jacques Giraudeau, Stephan J. Jorry PII: S0025-3227(20)30164-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106276 Reference: MARGO 106276 To appear in: Marine Geology Received date: 19 December 2019 Revised date: 9 June 2020 Accepted date: 14 June 2020 Please cite this article as: R. Fierens, S. Toucanne, L. Droz, et al., Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Zambezi turbidite system (SW Indian Ocean), Marine Geology (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106276 This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2020 Published by Elsevier. Journal Pre-proof 1 Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Zambezi turbidite system (SW Indian Ocean) Ruth Fierensa*, Samuel Toucanneb, Laurence Droza, Gwenael Jouetb, François Raissonc, Elisabeth L. Jorissena,d, Germain Bayonb, Jacques Giraudeaue & Stephan J. Jorryb a IUEM-UBO-CNRS, UMR6538, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, 29280 Plouzané, France. b IFREMER Centre Bretagne, Unité de Recherche Géosciences Marines, 29280 Plouzané, France. c Total, Centre Scientifique et Technique Jean Féger, 64000 Pau, France d Present address: Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Budapestlaan 17, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands e EPOC, UMR 5805, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33615 Pessac CEDEX, France *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study investigates the Late Quaternary sediment distribution of the Zambezi turbidite system (Mozambique Channel, Western Indian Ocean) from a set of piston cores that characterizes the sedimentation in the Intermediate Basin and in the proximal and distal parts of the Zambezi Fan. Sedimentological and geochemicalJournal analyses permit Pre-proof to define variations in sediment composition, sediment accumulation rates and timing of turbiditic deposits over the past 720 kyr. Our study reveals low sediment inputs and rare turbiditic deposits in the Zambezi turbidite system, and the deep (>2,500 m) Mozambique Channel in general, over the studied time interval. The reconstruction of the terrigenous flux in the upper part of the system suggests monsoon-related precipitation changes as the main forcing for riverine inputs variability in the Zambezi system. However, the occurrence of turbiditic deposits in the cores suggests that there is no genetic link between their triggering and evolving climate Journal Pre-proof 2 and sea-level conditions, thus emphasizing transformation of failed (slide-generated) sediment from the continental slope as the main initiation process for turbidity currents in the Zambezi system. Finally, our data highlight regional-scale changes in sedimentary facies through time, interpreted as successive ‘on- off’ switches in the activity of the distal Zambezi Fan, and by extension, regional-scale depocenter shifts. The last one likely occurred at 350±42 kyr, and is concomitant with a significant increase in terrigenous inputs into the proximal Intermediate Basin. It is speculated that this depocenter shift is related to a major southward migration of the Zambezi delta. Keywords: Zambezi turbidite system, Mozambique Channel, climate changes, monsoon, Quaternary, depocenter shift 1. Introduction Turbidite systems are currently a major focus of industry and academic research because they are targets for oil and gas exploration (Shanmugam and Moiola, 1988; Weimer and Link, 1991; Clark and Pickering, 1996; Stow and Mayall, 2000; Pettingill and Weimer, 2002; Mayall et al., 2006; Howell et al. 2014; Fonnesu et al, 2020) and can hold a potential record of past terrestrial environmental changes (Hesse and Khodabakhsh, 1998; Bouma, 2001; Piper et al., 2007; Clift et al., 2008; Ducassou et al., 2009; Toucanne et al., 2008Journal, 2012; Covault et al.,Pre-proof 2010; Jorry et al., 2011; Bonneau et al., 2014). The main forcing factors that influence sedimentary distribution and flux in turbidite systems (tectonics, climate, sea-level, hydrodynamics, deep currents, etc.) have been identified for a long time, though their exact role and interplay remains debated (see Hinderer, 2012 and Romans et al., 2016 for thorough reviews). Initially, the architecture and evolution of turbidite systems and, more generally, the sedimentation on the margins were globally envisioned to be mainly controlled by glacio-eustatic sea-level variations (Vail et al., 1977; Shanmugam and Moiola, 1982; Shanmugam et al., 1985). Journal Pre-proof 3 According to the principle of sequence stratigraphy, the turbidite system develops mainly during sea- level falls and lowstands, when the rivers, as the main source of these depositional systems, are able to reach the shelf edge and deliver sediments directly to the deep basin (e.g., Vail et al., 1977; Posamentier and Kolla, 2003). However, an increasing number of studies provide evidence s that in specific climatic conditions (at both high- and low-latitude) the growth of turbidite systems is also governed by climate that modulates the fluvial discharge and sediment flux from rivers (e.g., Covault and Graham, 2010 for a review). At high latitudes, maximal sediment flux occurs during deglacial sea- level rise when sediment discharge increases in response to the decay of ice sheets ( Kolla and Permuttler, 1993; Skene and Piper, 2003; Zaragosi et al., 2006; Tripsanas et al., 2008; Toucanne et al., 2008, 2012). At lower latitudes, the intensification of the summer monsoon during interglacial intervals results in higher water and sediment discharges to the ocean, which cause higher turbidity current activity in the deep sea despite sea-level highstand conditions (Ducassou et al, 2009; Prins et al., 2000; Bourget et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2016; Picot et al., 2019). Thus, climate-related changes in the seaward sediment flux strongly modulate the sea-level forcing acting on the deep-sea turbidite systems. Despite being one of the largest turbidite systems in the world, the feeding and evolution of the Zambezi turbidite system still remains unknown. The study of the Zambezi turbidite system started during the eighties by KollaJournal et al. (1980a, b), whoPre-proof did a regional study on the sedi ment distribution patterns and physiography. This was followed by the research of Droz and Mougenot (1987) that focused on the various evolution stages of the Mozambique Fan since the Oligocene. More recently, studies focused on the geomorphological character of the Zambezi Channel (e.g., Wiles et al. 2017a, b; Breitzke et al, 2017; Castelino et al., 2017;
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