DOCSLIB.ORG

Johnstone Strait

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Johnstone Strait Wilderness Adventures.CA / Sea to Sky Expeditions Sea Kayaking with Orca whales in Johnstone Strait We provide meals beginning with Dinner on Day 1 and ending with breakfast on Day 6. GETTING TO VANCOUVER Many of the major North American carriers fly into Vancouver or alternately, Seattle. Check with your travel agent for details. There is a bus service, Quick Shuttle [ www.quickcoach.com ], from Seattle’s airport to hotels in Vancouver. These run daily and are affordable. For more information, in North America, phone 1-800-665-2122 or 1-604-940-4428 – Fax 1-604-940-4429. GETTING TO TSAWWASSEN FERRY TERMINAL Pacific Coach Lines provides bus service from Pacific Central Station in Vancouver. Please phone them for details regarding schedule at 1-604-662-8074. ACCOMMODATION: JOHNSTONE STRAIT & NOOTKA SOUND It is difficult to recommend accommodation as needs and price considerations vary. Tourism British Columbia can help you locate the accommodation that best suits your needs. In North America phone, 1-800- HELLO BC. Outside North America phone, 1-250-387-1642. If you have an internet connection visit www.HelloBC.com We suggest A ccent Inns/Vancouver Airport . They are moderately priced and provide pick-up/drop-off service from the airport and ferry terminal. We have arranged a special rate for our guests. If you are driving to Vancouver, they will allow you to leave your vehicle with them until your return. They can be reached toll free in North America at 1- 800-663-0298 or outside North America at 1-604-273-3311 and are located at www.accentinns.com/vancouver_airport/index.html . Please refer to the Wilderness Adventures / Sea to Sky Expeditions special room rate. ******************************************* 1 SEA KAYAKING Sea kayaks allow the paddler to slip silently across the waters, explore shallow inlets and coves, and approach marine mammals and birdlife without disturbing their calm. Previous experience is not necessary. Our expert guides will provide instruction in technique and with safety. We use double and single sea kayaks for our expeditions. You can expect to paddle for approximately 4 hours per day. Due to the unpredictability of weather, participants must be willing to expect the unexpected. As we are moving camp each day, there may be the need to paddle for longer than intended periods to accommodate winds, or rough water. Unsafe water conditions may necessitate sitting on shore until conditions for safe travel present themselves. Johnstone Strait, near the northern tip of Vancouver Island, is witness to one of nature’s most fascinating annual occurrences. Pods of orcas or killer whales congregate here from mid-July to late September. Their visit coincides with the return of the salmon on their way to spawn up various inland waterways. The orcas take advantage of the salmon's return to feed and socialize with other pods. We will do our best to locate orca pods and Johnstone Strait does present the best opportunity to view them. However, they are wild animals and Johnstone Strait encompasses a huge area, so we cannot guarantee sightings. As kayaking goes, there is little to compare with the thrill of paddling alongside these awesome, exhilarating, and magnificent mammals. Coupled with this, is the myriad of small bays, sandy beaches, protected coves, lush rainforest and marine wildlife that is characteristic of these waters. WHAT WE PROVIDE All Expeditions: transportation from the point of origin and return, national or provincial park user fees unless otherwise stated, camping fees, cooking gear, camp stoves, meals/snacks/beverages on the expedition, tents, meal preparations, tarps, major first aid supplies, emergency radio or satellite phone, and professional guides. Meals are provided starting with dinner on the 1st day and ending with breakfast on the 7th day. Sea Kayak Expeditions: sea kayaks, paddles, PFDs [life jacket], spray skirts, paddling jackets. 2 Wilderness Adventures.CA / Sea to Sky Expeditions Sea Kayaking with Orca whales in Johnstone Strait: Itinerary Day 0: Arrival in Vancouver. Our guide will contact you the night befo re the expedition start date to arrange for pickup or meeting time in the morning. If you are not there he/she will leave a message about plans and a phone number to contact us should the need arise. Day 1: We will take the 7:45 am BC Ferry from Tsawwassen to Nanaimo on Vancouver Island. The crossing is about 2 hours. We will drive north along the Island Highway to our put-in point in Johnstone Strait & our first night’s campsite at NaKa Creek. Lunch will be enroute and is your responsibility. Days 2 – 6: Several factors, such as weather, tides, current, group ability, group goals, and the distribution of pods will ultimately deci de our campsites, paddling time, and route, and as such, a day by day, precise itinerary, is undesirable & impractical. We have developed an itinerary which focuses on the areas in Johnstone Strait and which present the best chance of viewing orcas. By so doing we hope to avoid the busier marine traffic around Telegraph Cove and the islands in that area. Along the way, there will be opportunities to explore the many coves, beaches, and marine life that characterize the strait. Different campsites are planned throughout our paddle. We will return to our put-in point on Day 6 and return to Vancouver sometime in the evening. The campsites identified on the map are possible ones. The guides must determine, based on the factors listed above, what is most practical. WILDLIFE VIEWING GUIDELINES People who enjoy watching and photographing wildlife can sometimes harm wildlife unintentionally. Most animals react with alarm when approached by humans on foot or in a canoe or kayak. Depending on the situation, an animal may remain, flee, or in some cases, attack. Such reactions are stressful and cause the animal to expend energy. Although an animal might easily compensate for the energy lost in a single, short disturbance, prolonged or repeated disturbances may add up to higher costs than an animal can afford. Repeated disturbance may cause wildlife to avoid an area, even if the area provides the best food, nesting site, or source of essential minerals. Even a single disturbance during nesting season might be harmful to sensitive species such as loons. 3 For Birds: - Always view any nesting species from a distance. Large masses of sticks in the tops of tall, broken topped trees along the coastline are often the obvious nests made by bald eagles. You may spot other nests as well. Avoid nests and never handle eggs or young. - Do not handle baby birds. People often find young fledgling birds that have just left the nest. Do not move these birds often they are near the nest and their parents know how to find them! - Leave injured birds where you find them. These birds seldom survive in captivity. - Use binoculars or a spotting scope to avoid disturbing birds. - Be aware of the bird's behavior and watch for clues that you might be disrupting normal behavior. Signs that you are too close to birds! - Repeated flushing. - Raised head, looking at observers. - Skittishness. - Excessive preening or pecking at dirt or foot, bill wiping. - Alarm calls, repeated chirping and chipping. - Broken wing distraction display. For Mammals: Avoid pursuing animals for photographs. Use telephoto lenses to photograph wildlife at a distance. Those prize winning photographs seen in magazines are often taken by professional photographers who spend thousands of dollars on specialized telephoto equipment and have had years of experience. Be especially careful around females with young. Disturbing them can cause unnecessary expenditures of energy. Females are generally very protective of their young - getting too close can put you in a dangerous predicament. Leave injured animals where you find them. Signs that you are too close to mammals! - Head raised high, ears pointed in the direction of the observer. - Skittishness, the animal jumps at sounds or movements. - Animal moves away or lowers head with ears back in preparation for a charge, erect hairs on neck and shoulders. - Displays of aggression or nervous behavior. Signs that you are too close to marine mammals! - A rapid change in direction or speed. - Escape tactics such as prolonged diving or fleeing into the water from a haulout or rookery. - Evasive swimming patterns. - Interruptions of feeding or migratory activities. - Aggressive postures or charges directed at intruders. - Attempts to shield a calf or pup from a human observer or a vessel. - Vocalizations, finning, tail lobbing, tail raking, or breaching. Orcas of Johnstone Strait The Romans called them orcas, literally “demons from hell”. Spanish whalers called them “whale killers” after their vicious and co-ordinated attacks on other whales, and now they are called killer whales or simply orcas. Having received some pretty bad press over the years, their image has improved recently as a result of research which has shown that they are intelligent, social creatures, and harmless to humans. Orcas are the largest members of the dolphin family, and are second only to humans as the most widely distributed mammal on earth. They are characterized by their large size (males can reach 9.5 m and weigh 10 tonnes), distinctive black and white markings and a prominent dorsal fin that can reach up to 1.8 m in length. There are, in fact, three distinctly different types; residents, transients, and offshores. Residents are the most studied because they do not stray very far from their home territory during summer, and they return year after year to the same area. Transients roam over a larger coastal area than the residents, and travel in smaller groups, sometimes hunting and traveling as a pair.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Psc Draft1 Bc
    138°W 136°W 134°W 132°W 130°W 128°W 126°W 124°W 122°W 120°W 118°W N ° 2 6 N ° 2 DR A F T To navigate to PSC Domain 6 1/26/07 maps, click on the legend or on the label on the map. Domain 3: British Columbia R N ° k 0 6 e PSC Region N s ° l Y ukon T 0 e 6 A rritory COBC - Coastal British Columbia Briti sh Columbia FRTH - Fraser R - Thompson R GST - Georgia Strait . JNST - Johnstone Strait R ku NASK - Nass R - Skeena R Ta N QCI - Queen Charlotte Islands ° 8 5 TRAN N TRAN - Transboundary Rivers in Canada ° 8 r 5 ive R WCVI - Western Vancouver Island e in r !. City/Town ik t e v S i Major River R t u k Scale = 1:6,750,000 Is P Miles N ° 0 30 60 120 180 January 2007 6 A B 5 N ° r 6 i 5 C t i s . A h R Alaska l I b C s e F s o a NASK r l N t u a r m I e v S i C tu b R a i rt a N a ° Prince Rupert en!. R 4 ke 5 !. S Terrace iv N e ° r 4 O F 5 !. ras er C H Prince George R e iv c e QCI a r t E e . r R S ate t kw r lac Quesnel A a B !. it D e an R. N C F N COBC h FRTH ° i r 2 lc a 5 o N s ti ° e n !.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats
    Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats John Ford and Linda Nichol Cetacean Research Program Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, BC Outline • Brief (very) introduction to marine mammals of BC • Historical occurrence of whales in BC • Recent efforts to determine current status of cetacean species • Recent attempts to identify Critical Habitat for Threatened & Endangered species • Overview of pinnipeds in BC Marine Mammals of British Columbia - 25 Cetaceans, 5 Pinnipeds, 1 Mustelid Baleen Whales of British Columbia Family Balaenopteridae – Rorquals (5 spp) Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus SARA Status = Endangered Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus = Threatened = Spec. Concern Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis Family Balaenidae – Right Whales (1 sp) Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata North Pacific Right Whale Eubalaena japonica Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Family Eschrichtiidae– Grey Whales (1 sp) Grey Whale Eschrichtius robustus Toothed Whales of British Columbia Family Physeteridae – Sperm Whales (3 spp) Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima Family Ziphiidae – Beaked Whales (4 spp) Hubbs’ Beaked Whale Mesoplodon carlhubbsii Stejneger’s Beaked Whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri Baird’s Beaked Whale Berardius bairdii Cuvier’s Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris Toothed Whales of British Columbia Family Delphinidae – Dolphins (9 spp) Pacific White-sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Killer Whale Orcinus orca Striped Dolphin Stenella
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Visitors Map
    Regional Visitors Map www.vancouverislandnorth.ca Boomer Jerritt - Sandy beach at San Josef Bay BC Ferries Discovery Coast Port Hardy - Prince RupertBC Ferries Inside Passage Port Hardy - Bella Coola Wakeman Sound www.bcbudget.com Mahpahkum-Ahkwuna Nimmo Bay Kingcome Deserters-Walker Kingcome Inlet 1-888-368-7368 Hope Is. Conservancy Drury Inlet Mackenzie Sound Upper Blundon Sullivan Kakwelken Harbour Bay Lake Cape Sutil Nigei Is. Shuttleworth Shushartie North Kakwelken Bight Bay Goletas Channel Balaclava Is. Broughton Island God’s Pocket River Christensen Pt. Nahwitti River Water Taxi Access (privately operated) Wishart Kwatsi Bay 24 Provincial Park Greenway Sound Peninsula Strandby River Strandby Shushartie Saddle Hurst Is. Bond Sd Nissen 49 Nels Bight Queen Charlotte Strait Lewis Broughton Island Knob Hill Duncan Is. Cove Tribune Channel Mount Cape Scott Bight Doyle Is. Hooper Viner Sound Hansen Duval Is. Lagoon Numas Is. Echo Bay Guise Georgie L. Bay Eden Is. Baker Is. Marine Provincial Thompson Sound Cape Scott Hardy William L. 23 Bay 20 Provincial Park PORT Peel Is. Brink L. HARDY 65 Deer Is. 15 Nahwitti L. Kains L. 22 Beaver Lowrie Bay 46 Harbour 64 Bonwick Is. 59 Broughton Gilford Island Tribune ChannelMount Cape 58 Woodward 53 Archipelago Antony 54 Fort Rupert Health Russell Nahwitti Peak Provincial Park Bay Mountain Trinity Bay 6 8 San Josef Bay Pemberton 12 Midusmmer Is. HOLBERG Hills Knight Inlet Quatse L. Misty Lake Malcolm Is. Cape 19 SOINTULA Lady Is. Ecological 52 Rough Bay 40 Blackfish Sound Palmerston Village Is. 14 COAL Reserve Broughton Strait Mitchell Macjack R. 17 Cormorant Bay Swanson Is. Mount HARBOUR Frances L.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10. Strait of Georgia
    PART IV OCEANOGRAPHY OF INSHORE WAmRS Chapter 10. Strait of Georgia The Strait of Georgia is by far the most important tains and the intrusive, metamorphic, and sedimentary marine region of British Columbia. More than 70%of the rocks of Vancouver Island (Fig. 10.1).On the average, it is population of the province is located on its periphery and about 222 km (120 nm) long and 28 km (15 nrn) wide; its shores provide a foundation for expanding develop- islands occupy roughly 7% of its total surface area of 6800 ment and industrialization. The Strait is a waterway for a km2 (200 nm2). The average depth within the Strait is variety of commercial traffic and serves as a receptacle for around 155 myand only 5%of the total area has depths in industrial and domestic wastes from the burgeoning ur- excess of 360 m. The maximum recorded depth of 420 m ban centers of greater Vancouver. Salmon msto the is immediately south of the largest island in the Strait, rivers that enter the Strait of Georgia are the basis for one Texada Island, and is rather shallow compared with of the world's largest commercial salmon fisheries; its soundings obtained in some of the adjoining inlets resident coho and chinook salmon form an important and (depths in Jervis Inlet reach 730 m). ever-increasing recreational fishery. The Strait also To the north, the Strait of Georgia is hked to the provides an area for the spawning and growth of herring Pacific Ocean via several narrow but relatively long chan- and is the largest overwintering location for waterfowl in nels, notably Discovery Passage and Johnstone Strait, and Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • A Remarkable Journey to Alaska, British Columbia & Haida Gwaii
    A REMARKABLE JOURNEY TO ALASKA, BRITISH COLUMBIA & HAIDA GWAII Current route: Seattle, Washington to Sitka, Alaska 15 Days National Geographic Sea Bird 62 Guests Expeditions in: May/Sep From $11,580 to $21,410 * This longer itinerary gives you more opportunity to spot wildlife, discover photo ops, and immerse yourself in the unique spirit of each place. Experience abundant wildlife and glacial ice in Alaska’s Inside Passage, plus the rain forest coast, and wildlife-rich channels of British Columbia; and enjoy the privilege of visiting Haida Gwaii. Learn about the art, culture and fascinating history of the Haida people, and search for endemic species in Haida Gwaii, considered the ‘Canadian Galápagos’. We are the first company with ships carrying more than 22 guests granted permission to visit Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, and Haida Heritage Site in over two decades. Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: Seattle/Embark padding Arrive in Seattle and embark National Geographic 2022 Departure Dates: Sea Bird or National Geographic Sea Lion. (D) 5 May 6 Sep DAY 2: Gulf Islands, British Columbia padding Cruise amid the lush Gulf Islands in the Strait of 2023 Departure Dates: Georgia—which runs between mainland British 4 May Columbia and Vancouver Island—and search for 5 Sep some of the many marine mammals that inhabit these waters. (B,L,D) Important Flight Information Some departures may travel in reverse. DAY 3: Johnstone Strait and Alert Bay, Please confirm your arrival and departure padding dates prior to booking flights.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History Feeding
    BRITISH COLUMBIA VANCOUVER ISLAND GEOLOGY The Creation of the Johnstone Strait Over a span of thousands of years and a combination of processes such as tectonics, volcanism, erosion and glaciation the 110km Johnstone Strait off of Vancouver Island was formed. Formally known as Wrangellia, a land mass that collided with North America causing it to fold and buckle forming the many of the mountains and ranges we associate with British Columbia today. The formation of the narrow channels that make up Northeastern Vancouver Island dates back to the ice ages when glacial ice sheets settled in the area. During the Pleistocene Epoch Ice Age ice sheets carved their way through the igneous rock or the channel creating what is now known as Johnstone Strait, Queen Charlotte strait, and the Discovery Passage. Glacial carving transpires through the slow movement of the ice sheet. Due to their sheer size and weight combined with gravity ice sheets move slowly down mountain valleys, and across plains. As glaciers move they sculpt the land via erosion and deposition. While they gradually move across the landscape the ice erodes the surface beneath it, creating fjords, glacial valleys, and horns. During this erosion the ice actually picks up and retains sediment and particles depositing them along the way. This process of deposition, depositing of material as the glacier retreats and melts away, forms moraines which are narrow ridges that show where the ice used to be. Robson Bight Ecological Reserve ceremonial purposes. Ubiquitous to the area are manmade geological features known as clam beds. For the First Nations’ people clams were a staple not only for their food source but for their economy as Ecological Reserves were formed in Canada in 1971 as a way to encourage the preservation of natural well for they used them in trade with other tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 12. Johnstone Strait Region
    Chapter 12. Johnstone Strait Region The complex system of waterways that extends sea- environment. Experience has demonstrated, for example, ward from the northern end of the Strat of Georgia that the channels ofthe Johnstone Strait region form a key provides access to some of the most spectacular scenery on link in the migration route of Pacific salmon. Indicative of the British Columbia coast. Snow-capped mountain this importance is the fact that fypically 10-20% of Eraser peaks, cascading waterfalls, steep-sided channels, and sur- River sockeye salmon that return to the coast every 4 yr ging tidal narrows contribute to a stark ruggedness (Fig. enter the river via Johnstone Strait rather than Juan de 12.1).Settlements are few and far between, but wildlife is Fuca Strait. In certain years of the 4yr cyde, this ‘‘hver- abundant, and it is not uncommon to see a pod of killer sion” of salmon through the northern passages is close to whales or a school of porpoises movin easily through the half the returning run. In 1978, for example, approx- cMy waters. The large numbers ofkiller whales that imately 57% of the run chose this route rather than Juan frequently gather in Robson Bight, at the western end of de Fuca Strait, and in 1980 there was a record diversion of Johnstone Suait, create an impressive sight, unequalled in 70%. few areas of the coast. Because the three main channels carry most of the water that flows between the Pacific Ocean and the north- em end of the Strait of Georgia, they further influence the physical oceanographic structure of the inside passage and adjoining fiords.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Community Involvement Directory 2009
    Community Involvement Directory Community Involvement Directory 2009-2010 Oceans, Habitat and Enhancement Branch Directory A guide to community involvement, stewardship, Streamkeepers, and education projects in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory 2009 – 2010 2009 – 2010 Published by Community Involvement Oceans, Habitat and Enhancement Branch Fisheries and Oceans Canada Suite 200 – 401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S4 100% POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED, PROCESSED CHLORINE-FREE CONTENTS Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................3 Regional Headquarters .......................................................................................................................4 Affiliated Stewardship Organizations .............................................................................................................................4 North Coast ...........................................................................................................................................5 Christina Engel: Queen Charlotte Islands/Haida Gwaii .............................................................................................6 Rob Dams: Northern Interior & North Coast .................................................................................................................7 Brenda Donas: Upper Skeena ...........................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH to ALASKA VANCOUVER, CANADA to SEWARD, ALASKA
    NORTH to ALASKA VANCOUVER, CANADA to SEWARD, ALASKA From searching for the tiny hummingbird to the mighty Bald Eagle, a wide and varied program is promised. Expert lecturers take you on thrilling excursions to show you the remarkable wildlife, indigenous cultures and magnificent landscapes of these remote lands. As mighty glaciers rise up from the frigid waters and Orcas breach for your camera, experience an Alaskan adventure as never before. DATES: July 11 - 25, 2019 DURATION: 15 DAYS/14 NIGHTS EMBARK: VANCOUVER, BC DISEMBARK: SEWARD, ALASKA SHIP: Silver Explorer FROM: $11,900 ITINERARY lineage and is comprised primarily of Tsimshian people. Day 1 — Arrive Vancouver, Canada Arrive Vancouver and transfer to your hotel. Remainder of day is free. Day 6 — Ketchikan, Alaska Ketchikan is famous for its colorful totem poles, rainy skies, steep streets, and lush island setting. Some 13,500 people call the town home, and, in the summer, cruise ships crowd the shoreline, floatplanes depart noisily for Misty Fiords National Monument, and salmon- laden commercial fishing boats motor through Tongass Narrows. The arts community here is very active. Day 7 — Wrangell Narrows – Petersburg - Sail Island The Wrangell Narrows is one of the most scenic and well-known ‘Narrows’ in Alaska. It is a winding 22 mile (35 km) long channel between Mitkof Island and Kupreanof Island in Southeast Alaska. Petersburg lies on the northern end of Mitkof Island, on the banks of Frederick Sound where it joins the Wrangell Narrows. It is halfway between Juneau, 120 mi to the north, and Ketchikan 110 mi to the Day 2 – Vancouver – Board Silver Explorer Vancouver is a delicious juxtaposition of urban south.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Distribution, Abundance, and Habitats of Marbled Murrelets in British Columbia
    Chapter 29 Marine Distribution, Abundance, and Habitats of Marbled Murrelets in British Columbia Alan E. Burger1 Abstract: About 45,000-50,000 Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus birds) are extrapolations from relatively few data from 1972 marmoratus) breed in British Columbia, with some birds found in to 1982, mainly counts in high-density areas and transects most parts of the inshore coastline. A review of at-sea surveys at covering a small portion of coastline (Rodway and others 84 sites revealed major concentrations in summer in six areas. 1992). Between 1985 and 1993 many parts of the British Murrelets tend to leave these breeding areas in winter. Many Columbia coast were censused, usually by shoreline transects, murrelets overwinter in the Strait of Georgia and Puget Sound, but the wintering distribution is poorly known. Aggregations in sum- although methods and dates varied, making comparisons mer were associated with nearshore waters (<1 km from shore in and extrapolation difficult. Much of the 27,000 km of coastline exposed sites, but <3 km in sheltered waters), and tidal rapids and remains uncensused (fig. 1). narrows. Murrelets avoided deep fjord water. Several surveys showed Appendix 1 summarizes censuses for the core of the considerable daily and seasonal variation in densities, sometimes breeding season (1 May through 31 July). Murrelet densities linked with variable prey availability or local water temperatures. are given as birds per linear kilometer of transect. It was Anecdotal evidence suggests significant population declines in the necessary to convert density estimates from other units in Strait of Georgia, associated with heavy onshore logging in the several cases, and this was done in consultation with the early 1900s.
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanography of the British Columbia Coast
    CANADIAN SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES 56 DFO - L bra y / MPO B bliothèque Oceanography RI II I 111 II I I II 12038889 of the British Columbia Coast Cover photograph West Coast Moresby Island by Dr. Pat McLaren, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, B.C. CANADIAN SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES 56 Oceanography of the British Columbia Coast RICHARD E. THOMSON Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ocean Physics Division Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney, British Columbia DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1981 ©Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1981 Available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Service Canada, Hull, Que. K1A 0S9 Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public librairies across Canada Canada: $19.95 Catalog No. FS41-31/56E ISBN 0-660-10978-6 Other countries:$23.95 ISSN 0706-6481 Prices subject to change without notice Printed in Canada Thorn Press Ltd. Correct citation for this publication: THOMSON, R. E. 1981. Oceanography of the British Columbia coast. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 291 p. for Justine and Karen Contents FOREWORD BACKGROUND INFORMATION Introduction Acknowledgments xi Abstract/Résumé xii PART I HISTORY AND NATURE OF THE COAST Chapter 5. Upwelling: Bringing Cold Water to the Surface Chapter 1. Historical Setting Causes of Upwelling 79 Origin of the Oceans 1 Localized Effects 82 Drifting Continents 2 Climate 83 Evolution of the Coast 6 Fishing Grounds 83 Early Exploration 9 El Nifio 83 Chapter 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Description of Escaped Farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Captures and Their Characteristics in One Pacific Salmon Fishery Area in British Columbia, Canada, in 2000
    A Description of Escaped Farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Captures • Morton and Volpe 99 A Description of Escaped Farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Captures and Their Characteristics in One Pacific Salmon Fishery Area in British Columbia, Canada, in 2000 Alexandra Morton and John Volpe Reprinted from the Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin Vol. 9 No. 2, Winter 2002 The Alaska Fisheries Research Bulletin can be found on the World Wide Web at URL: http://www.ak.gov/adfg/geninfo/pubs/afrb/afrbhome.htm 100 Articles AlaskaA Description Fishery of Research Escaped BulletinFarmed Atlantic9(2):102–110. Salmon 2002. Salmo salar Captures • Morton and Volpe 101 Copyright © 2002 by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game A Description of Escaped Farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Captures and Their Characteristics in One Pacific Salmon Fishery Area in British Columbia, Canada, in 2000 Alexandra Morton and John Volpe ABSTRACT: Since 1995, the Canadian salmon farming industry as a whole has reported losing an average of 46,255 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar annually into the coastal waters of British Columbia. While the number of fish lost is arguably much higher, it is unarguable that the fate of these fish is largely unknown. This study was conducted on the fishing grounds of British Columbia by contacting commercial fishers frequently via VHF radio and boat visits. Atlantic salmon were collected directly from fishers, packers, and a processing plant. The goal of this project was to enumerate the number of Atlantic salmon caught by commercial fishers in Pa- cific Management Area 12, a region of intense salmon farm activity.
    [Show full text]