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The Impact of Oral Contraceptive on Female Fertility: Issues with Infertility and Spontaneous Abortion!

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The Impact of Oral Contraceptive on Female Fertility: Issues with Infertility and Spontaneous Abortion! Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activities 2020 SACAD Entrants Day (SACAD) 4-22-2020 The Impact of Oral Contraceptive on Female Fertility: Issues with Infertility and Spontaneous Abortion! Julia Nowak Fort Hays State University, [email protected] Christine Hober Fort Hays State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sacad_2020 Recommended Citation Nowak, Julia and Hober, Christine, "The Impact of Oral Contraceptive on Female Fertility: Issues with Infertility and Spontaneous Abortion!" (2020). 2020 SACAD Entrants. 62. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sacad_2020/62 This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activities Day (SACAD) at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2020 SACAD Entrants by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. The Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Female Fertility: Issues with Infertility and Spontaneous Abortion! Julia Nowak, FHNS & Marissa Dinkel, FHNS Fort Hays State University, Department of Nursing Abstract Framework Data Collection Discussion N= 300 Objective: To determine the relationship between Oral Ajzen’s (1991) Planned Behaviour theory that states attitude, Implications For Nursing Contraceptives and Infertility or Spontaneous Abortion. subjective norms, and behavioural control have a direct effect on n= 150 women between 20 and 35 who have not used oral If evidence shows that the use of oral Design: Quasi-Experimental, Descriptive behaviour. Planned Behaviour theory suggests that a woman has contraceptives prior to attempts of conceiving the allowance of oral contraceptive use knowing the behaviour contraceptives increases the probability n= 150 women between 20 and 35 who have used oral Setting: Rural OB and Gynecology Units of Western Kansas could have direct effect on infertility and/or spontaneous abortion. of struggling from infertility or contraceptives prior to attempts of conceiving spontaneous abortion, information Participation: Consenting women between the ages of 20 and 35 300 women from rural Western Kansas OB and Gynecology Units regarding the topic would be presented Results/Conclusions: Pending results and data collection. will sign an informed consent during a 6-month time period to all patients of the participating OB regarding a survey that questions their experience of becoming and Gynecology Units. This would be Introduction pregnant following the use of oral contraceptives vs. others who did done because patients have the right to not use oral contraceptives. know the risks and benefits of using Oral contraceptives and their effect on infertility and spontaneous oral contraceptives. https://rightasrain.uwmedicine abortion is a controversial topic with unclear evidence of pregnancy https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Theo .org/well/stories/infertility- related issues. According to Sedlander et al. (2018), a common ry-of-Planned-Behaviour-Ajzen- Conclusions support reason for the nonuse of oral contraceptives, is the concern for 1991_fig1_5407720 fetus mortality or difficulties becoming pregnant. Although oral Methodology Pending results and data collection. Studies have found that contraceptives have been used for many decades, women today prolonged use of oral contraceptives can cause infertility and/or https://health spontaneous abortion. For future research, it is recommended to are now becoming more involved in their own health and have Research Design: Quasi-Experimental, Descriptive care.utah.edu become more aware of the risks that follow certain medical complete this study on a larger population and collaborate with Interventions: Women from rural Western Kansas OB and /healthfeed/p decisions. Talukdar et al. (2012), states there is a previously ostings/2019/ doctors to show their experiences with patients who have suffered Gynecology Units who choose to participate in the study will sign unidentified adverse effect of oral contraceptive use in women who 06/infertility- from infertility and/or spontaneous abortion due to oral an informed consent. These participants will complete a survey ptsc.php are planning to become pregnant, one being infertility. There is a contraceptives. and based on their answers, be separated into two subgroups; high life-time occurrence of infertility around 16-26%, (Landersoe et those who have taken oral contraceptives vs. those who have al., 2019). As more women question the effects of oral not. Questions on this survey include; Did you have difficulty contraceptives on infertility and spontaneous abortion, scholars becoming pregnant? How long did it take to conceive? continue to study the veracity of the contraceptive pill market and health care providers who prescribe these medications. Those who Independent Variable: Oral Contraceptives References take oral contraceptives should be notified by their health care Results/Findings Girum, T., & Wasie, A. (2018). Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a Dependent Variable: Infertility and Spontaneous Abortion systematic review and meta-analysis. Contraception and reproductive medicine, 3, 9. professional about the risks and benefits that surround the most Projected Data Analysis Method https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y commonly used form of birth control worldwide. Proposed Research Question Hahn, K. A., Hatch, E. E., Rothman, K. J., Mikkelsen, E. M., Brogly, S. B., Sørensen, H. T., … Wise, L. A. (2015, December). History of oral contraceptive use and risk of Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship Does the use of oral contraceptives increase the risk for infertility The use of a Pearson’s R correlation test will analyze the relationship between oral contraceptive use and the risk for spontaneous abortion. Retrieved from between oral contraceptive use and the increase risk of infertility and spontaneous abortion in women during optimal childbearing https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4688154/ and/or spontaneous abortion in women during optimal childbearing years? infertility and/or spontaneous abortion. Jin, J. (2014, January 15). Oral Contraceptives. Retrieved from years. Literature Findings and Anticipated Results https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1814214 Literature Sources Landersoe, S. K., Petersen, K. B., Vassard, D., Larsen, E. C., Nielsen, H. S., Pinborg, A., … Key Terms Studies show that women who have used oral contraceptives have Schmidt, L. (2019, October). Concerns on future fertility among users and past- In the 2019 study completed, 66% of current oral contraceptive users of combined oral contraceptives: a questionnaire survey. Retrieved from Oral Contraceptives: Birth control pills that provide reliable user's question if their future fertility will be impacted by their oral a greater concern for infertility and/or spontaneous abortion. As the https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31317795 contraceptive use (Landersoe et al., 2019). These questions are use of oral contraceptives among women has increased, women Sedlander, E., Bingenheimer, J. B., Thiongo, M., Gichangi, P., Rimal, R. N., Edberg, N., & estrogen/progestin hormones that aid in pregnancy prevention (Jin, Munar, W. (2018, December). "They Destroy the Reproductive System": Exploring 2014). supported by the fact that there is evidence of a potential are now relating them to infertility and spontaneous abortion. Oral contraceptives are hormonal based and can cause a delay in the the Belief that Modern Contraceptive Use Causes Infertility. Retrieved from decrease in optimal endometrial growth, spontaneous abortion, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6518934/ Infertility: Inability to become pregnant after 12-months (Girum & ability for the body to withstand a pregnancy. This is because one’s Wasie, 2018). and it is known to take a longer period to become pregnant Tulandi, T., & Al-Fozan, H. M. (2019, May 13). Spontaneous abortion: Management. (Talukdar, 2012). hormones not at a stable level and the body is unable to clear Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/spontaneous-abortion-management Spontaneous Abortion: Loss of a fetus without contributing those hormones over a short period of time. Women who have Talukdar, N., Bentov, Y., Chang, P. T., Esfandiari, N., Nazemian, Z., & Casper, R. F. (2012, outside factors prior to 20 weeks’ gestation (Tulandi, & Al-Fozan, Sample used oral contraceptives over a long period of time have shown an August). Effect of long-term combined oral contraceptive pill use on endometrial thickness. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22825095 2019). Women 20 to 35 years old who are patients in rural Western increased prevalence of infertility and/or spontaneous abortion https://life.sha Kansas Obstetrics and Gynecology Units. versus those who only used them for a short period of time (Girum red.com/5- & Wasie, 2018). After discontinuation of oral contraceptives, ways-oral- Ethical Considerations hormones are disrupted and directly affect the menstrual cycle, contraceptive- pills-affect-a- Seeking IRB Full Review at Fort Hays State University, the Fort thus increasing the risk for infertility and/or spontaneous abortion womans- Hays State Nursing Department, and Western Kansas rural (Hahn et al., 2015). overall-health Obstetrics and Gynecology Units. Nowak, Julia - #1451 3 of 3.
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