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Visit its on the web at: www.oldventuresfrontiertimesarchive.com http://stores.ebay.com/OldVentures-Frontier-Times-Archive Email us at: [email protected] Greetings, and Welcome to J. Marvin Hunter's... FRONTIER TIMES Magazine

We at Old Ventures Frontier Times Archive are proud to have acquired the full and complete copyrights from True West Publishing, Inc., for this excellent periodical that ran from October, 1923 until October, 1954 - 344 issues! Owning the copyright enables us to make these valuable periodicals available to you in a number of various formats that are easy to use, flexible and readily searchable. Copyright 2004 oldventures frontier Times Archive What makes these magazines so valuable? For many years, researchers, genealogists, history buffs and folks who just love Texas and frontier history have found these magazines a hidden gold mine of information. Because Mr. Hunter solicited first-hand and eye-witness accounts from the folks who lived the history themselves, there is information in these volumes that cannot be found anywhere else. He also gathered stories from historical writers such as T. U. Taylor, J. Frank Dobie, and others, as well as documents from old newspapers, court records and personal testimonies from those who were part of the shaping of the Texas Frontier as well as other areas of the Southwest during the 1800's. Mr. Hunter had the highest regard for historical accuracy in whatever he included in his publication. In many cases, when an inaccuracy was discovered, Mr. Hunter unashamedly and readily published the clarifications, making this periodical an undisputed authority on historical and genealogical data. How do I use the Adobe PDF reader to search my magazine(s)? Simply click the search icon on the toolbar at the top of the Adobe Acrobat Reader (it resembles binoculars) screen. The search dialogue box then gives you many search options including the ability to search through all your magazines at once! You even have the option of having your Adobe Reader program read the articles back to you audibly, so that you can sit back and enjoy hearing them read aloud! How do I get more copies of Hunter's Frontier Times? We can usually supply you with Hunter's Frontier Times Magazines in three formats. • Hard copies. Actual, exact reproductions of the originals are available, either in the printed versions produced in the 1970's, or by the new printed versions being made available exclusively by Old Ventures Frontier Times Archive. These reproductions are faithful to the originals and have been altered in no way whatsoever. • CD Rom versions. These are in PDF format and are easy to use, flexible and easily searchable for your research and enjoyment. These are exact reproductions, faithful to the originals and have been altered in no way whatsoever. They are exactly what Copyright 2004 oldventures frontier Times Archive you would see in the magazine, but you see it on your computer screen instead. • Electronic email transfer. You get the same files you would on CD, but you save the shipping charge - It doesn't get any simpler than this to get the issues you want! ______

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a Frontier Times s Vol . 1, No . I OCTOBER, 1923 $1 .50 Per Year r 0

A MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO FRONTIER HISTORY , 4 BORDER TRAGEDY, AND PIONEE R 0 A('IIIEVEMENT

Price 15 Cents

THIS NUMBER CONTAINS :

Jack Ilavs, the Famous Texas Rantet 1'.~_;c I r 'frail of Blood Aloe Llce Texas Ilord~ r Page -1 Massacre of John W-ehster and Party . . . Page H History of Fort Iuge, on the Leona . Page I C Taming' Apache Followers of (ieroiiiruo Page 1 2 A Buneo of the Eighties . . Page 1 4 Population o1' Texas Seveiit}•-five Years Ago . Page 1(+ Arizona Indian Wars . . . . Page 1 8 The Lipan Indian Tribe Page '12 The Iluut for the Bowie Mine in \lenard . Page 24 Life Story of Quanali Parker . . . Page 28 The Cry of the Death RRircl Pa~,'e 29 Belief in the Eflicac-v of the lla-lslone . Page• 3 1

t O

Published Monthly at Bandera . Texas, by .1 . Alarvin Ilunter

- . ~_ o :~~ major a ~30t • ti tx }tr, --o- • . a :4 ~. a 3o 3of + oE~ 3oF~ of NOTICE!

The inside covers o f the first three issues o f the original Hunter's FRON- TIER TIMES were unused-which affords us a chance to welcome our Charte r Subscribers and to explain a few matters of importance about the facsimiles . One, Western Publications has only one complete set of the old FRONTIE R -TIMES and it is from this set that your facsimile copies are being reproduced . Over the years we have tried to complete a second set (just in case somethin g happened to the first) but so far we have been unsuccessful . We still lack Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 3 ; Vol . II, Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 6. If any of you have extra copies of these issues and would like to sell or trade them, please let us know . On the other hand, and of possible benefit to you, in trying to complete our second set we have had to purchase many copies we did not need in order to get one or two issues that we could use . (Most offers were on an all-or-nothin g basis.) We therefore invite any reader who's trying to complete his set of originals to let us know what issues he needs and we'll check to see if we have the m among our duplicates. These are not "mint" but are in good condition . For those of you who are not trying to fill out a collection but would jus t like to own an original or two, we will fill those orders also, on a first-come, first-served basis . In some cases we have only three or four copies : in others, we might have a dozen or more . Please address any correspondence concerning original copies to the attention of Susan Washburn at this office . The price for a specific issue will be $3 .00 postpaid : the price for an issu e of our own selection (that is, you leave it up to us to send what's available) will be $2 .50 postpaid. Which brings up the second matter of importance : please don't forget that our address is Hunter's FRONTIER TIMES, P. O. Box 3338, Austin , Texas 78764 . We're afraid that some of you may forget and use the old address at Bandera-and maybe try to write some of the advertisers! The addresse s in this magazine you are holding are no longer valid-and unfortunately neithe r are the prices! You will note the prices Mr . Hunter charged in the beginning . What with our publishing on more expensive paper, mailing in envelopes, and the ungodly increase in costs on everything, we wonder if we will come out eve n as well as he did . Oh, to have those good old 1923 nickels and dimes back again ! The first four issues are 32 pages and cover . After the fourth issue, Mr . Hunter went to 48 pages and cover, so the magazine will be thicker startin g with the fifth issue . Please turn to the inside back cover for instructions about Christmas o r other gift subscriptions for your families and friends. We will take these subscriptions as late as December, and all orders will begin with Volume 1, Number 1 . We have received a wonderful response to our reprinting these old issue s which truly witnessed the end of an era in our country's history . Nothing in them will be changed or deleted-so once more, just until you have time to ge t used to it-don't forget that if you need to write us, the correct address i s Hunter's FRONTIER TIMES, P. O . Box 3338, Austin, Texas 78764 .-Joe ` Hosstail" Small FRONTIER TIME S PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT BANDERA, TEXA S Devoted to Frontier History, Border Tragedy and Pioneer Achievemen t

Vol . 1-No. 1 OCTOBER, 1923 $1 .50 per Year Jack Hays, the Famous Texas Hanger

Among the prominent men who mad e Texas was lnangllrtod, and he res1wilil-1 l themselves conspicuous by their talents i n to the call of ('olonel Travvis f'ronl th e the days of the Republic of Texas, non e Alamo. He arrived on the Brazos :1111wil l were more active or had a more interest- a month after the Battle n1' San .Jacinto. ing career than Captain Jack flays. On and as his services were not needed i n the western border he fought the enemie s the army. Ile engaged in surveying lan d of civilization in more than forty engage- in Austin's colony . ments when he was protecting San An- Ile brought letters of introdnetion I'ronl tonio and Southwest Texasagain t rob- President Jackson to prominent men i n hers and savages . Texas. which he presented, and Genera l The government records of that perio d Ilouston advised him to enlist in fil e extol his patriotic and heroic services tha t ranger service on the western frontier . gave him a national reputation and en- III. ,joined Deaf Smith's spy coin parry as a deared him to the people of Texas ; but private and arrived in San Antonio aholl , his name and exploits are almost forgot- the last of December 1836 . lie partici- ten, and his memory is now only revere d pated in the military funeral and honors; by a few suvivors of the old pioneers an d paid Ille ashes of' the heroes who fen! in their immediate descendants. They can- the Alamo that were observed oil tho 2 -1111 not forget that he once stood upon the o1' February, 18 :37 . Ifis first fight was frontier as a tower of strength in oppo- with Mexicans on the ('Iiiton . near Lar- sition to the Comanche Indians and Mexi- edo, on the 6th of March, when Captai n can bandits who marauded upon them . Smith undertook to hoist the Texas Ha g They trusted him in the dark days o f over that place, in which the enemy was- weakness, danger and peril, and they re- bit dly defeat(,d . Soon afterwards whe n member that, he always responded wit h tinnith resigned his command lie ,joine d efficient fidelity and a full measure o f I)awson's company ; and subsequently h e success. served with distinction under Colone l An excerpt of his romantic and ad- Ka•nes. From February, 18:38, until venturous achievements could not b e 1841 . he was a deputy surveyor in Bexa r given in the space allotted to this article , district, and in September of that year he which must be confined to a brief sketc h was elected surveyor of Bexar county . of his life and a few extracts, description He gathered around him a choice bod y of his personal appearance and character. of men who served as helpers and fough t Colonel hays was born at Fort Hays- with him in many engagements with Co- boro, in Wilson county, Tennessee, on the manche Tndians and robbers . 28th of January, 1817 . Both of his par- lie was authorized to raise a company ents died when lie was about ten years o f of rangers by President Lamar in 1810 , age leaving three children, a brother an d and from that time until May, 18,1(1, li e sister younger than himself ; and the three was continually fighting Indians an d orphans were reared by his mother's Mexican bandits . After the massacre o f brother, Abrner Gage, a planter in Mississ- tllc chiefs in San Antonio, the Northern ippi. Ile received a common school edu- ('onnanehes established villages on th e cation and also acquired a knowledge of Frio, Nueccs and other streams wher e surveying. At the age of fifteen he wa s they would be accessible to San Antoni o employed by land speculator, to locat e and could help their brethren, but Cap- land in that territory, by which means h e tain Hays attacked their strongholds and accumulated some money. Ile attended drove them back. college with a view to perfect himself in When Woll invaded Texas in 1842 , civil engineering, but before completin g slays foiled his intentions by calling 30 0 the hrecribed course, the revolution i n Texans to his as,i,tauce and enticed the 2 FRONTIER TIME S enemy from the Alamo to the Salado , than any other body of troops in th e where the Mexicans were signally defeat- army. Immediately after the battle th e ed. Woll offered $500 for his head an d term for which the men enlisted expire d Hays clogged his footsteps to the Hond o and the regiment was discharged . where he charged into the unidst of th e A correspondent of the New Orlean s Mexican army and would have force d Delta in November, 1846, says : "Modest y them to surrender if. he had been sup- is the most remarkable trait of Colone l ported . He was in chief command i n hays and it is no uncommon thing t o San Antonio, where lie enforced martiia l hear other modest men characterized a s law nut ii the Somerville expedition wa s being almost as bashful as Jack Ilays . organized and he accompanied it to th e Indeed I question whether there is a man Rio Grande but when it disbanded he re- in Taylor's army who has so poor a n turned to San Antonio to resume his com- opinion of Jack Hays as he has of him- mand; though he slid not leave until li e self ; he thinks much and speaks little an d had scouted for the Mier expedition an d that little always to the purpose . There tried to dissuade the leaders from carry- never lived a commander more idolize d ing out that enterprise . by his men, for his word is law. " Afterwards, at Warinc ; at Bander a Colonel Ilays married Miss Susa n Pass : at Enchanted Rock ; at Sister's Calvit of Seguin in April, 1847, a shor t Creek, on the Upper Nueces : at Walker' s time before lie raised his second regi- Creek, above Seguin : on the Anna Dulee ; ment for special service, that was large- at Paint Rock and many other places he, ly composed of his old rangers . Ile left punished the Comanches severely for de- five companies in Texas under Lieutenant. predating of the settlements . Durin g Colonel Bell to protect the frontier and that time lie also watched the Mexican t)ok personal command of the other five bandits constantly and fought them wher- companies, which lie led to General ever they could be found. Tie rarely ha d Seott's line . He was ordered to suppress more than fifteen men and they never the guerrillas in the region surroundin g exceeded forty-two, but lie was never de- the City of :Mexico, and he fought man y feated, though he never fought less tha n desperate battles with them before the y ten . and sometimes forty times, his own could be conquered . his services in Mex- number of Indians . Ills deeds of per- ico were important and meritorious an d sonal bravery, his endurance of heat, col d his rangers earned a national reputation . and hunger, his fierce encounters and hai r TTis conmand,which were the last troop s breadth escapes on these occasions, if de- that sailed from Vera Cruz, were muster- tailed, would fill a volume . His work ed out in May . 18-18. As half of his regi was well done and lie left a trail of bloo d ment was still in service in Texas, h e along the western line of civilization tha t retained his rank and returned to tak e made his enemies hold him in fearfu l command, but when the regiment was re- remembrance. organized he was not a candidate for When the war with Mexico commence d re-election in 1846, Hays was in command of a bat- In August 1848, he led an explorin g talion of rangers and ranked as major . expedition with a view to opening roa d He was authorized to raise a regiment t o between San Antonio and El Paso . The serve under General Taylor for a term o f project was approved by the governmen t six months, and his rang_ ers rallie d and received financial aid from the lead- around him to the number of 1,300, unde r ing citizens of San Antonio, but it was Ben McCulloch, Tom Green and others , a failure . The guides lost the way an d who became historical characters . They the party only went to Presidio del performed important scouting service be- Norte. They were gone six months avi d fore the battle of Monterrey, and were suffered extreme hardships during thei r with General Worth when he attacke d absence. that place in the rear, where the regimen t In July, 1849, lie left San Antonio with performed prodigies of valor in the t . ur a large party of emigrants for California , days of continuous desperate fighting i n via El Paso, under an escort of Tlnite d which they helped to capture Federation `tates troops. They suffered many hard- Hill, Independence Hill, and the Bi .hop's ships on tine route and did not arrive a t Palace, and then forced their x\-ay int o San 1)icgo until the last week in Decem- the center of the city, General Worth sai d ber. From there they went by steame r that the Hays' Texas Rangers did more t o to San Francisco, reaching their destina- bring about the capitulation of Montere y tion January 10, 1850

FRORTTER TTM1 S 3

lie was greeted by many of his old the exhibition of the highest qualities friends and they urged him to accept adorning a citizen and soldier. his cern- the position of city marshal, which was 1~aigns against the Indians and the Mexi- then vacant, and when it was offered cans making descents upon Texas -and th e he did not decline the appointment . IIe success of his operations . rendered hi m held the position until his friends nom- one of the most famous Rangers in the inated and elected him sheriff of Sa n world. His exploits during the war be- Francisco . IIe was re-elected to the re- tween Mexico and the tTnited States wo n sponsible office a second term, but re- hint additional laurels, and he becam e signed before it expired . Soon after re- one of the most popular leaders of me n tiring from office in 1852 lie, with othe r in the army. " gentlemen, purchased a large tract of Gen. Henry McOilloch says in a brief land on the eastern shore of San Fran- memoir of Colonel l lay s cisco Bay, and there founded the city o f "I was the first lieutenant of his com- Oakland . In 1853 Colonel Hays was ap- pany in 1842 and 1843, which embraced a pointed United States Surveyor of Cali- part of the darkest period of the days of fornia by President Pierce, which lie fill- the Republic of Texas . In person Colonel ed to the great satisfaction of the people . hays was about 5 feet 9 inches high and President Buchanan subsequently a p weighed about 145 pounds, and he had a pointed him Surveyor General of Oregon . handsome figure, straight as an Indian . We quote from Halley's Centennia l His hair and beard was dark, almos t Book of Alameda County, California , black, and he usuaally wore a light mus- 1876, that "Colonel Hays always had a tache and chin beard . His eyes were somewhat prominent part in the politic s deep blue, and he never saw a time when of his state, and always was strongly in- he could not look a man full in tile face , terested in the success of the Democrati c whether he was friend or foe . His man- party. lie was a delegate to the Nationa l ners were easy and disposition kind . Ile Democratic convention which nominate d was modest and unassuming in privat e Samuel J. Tilden as a candidate for Pres- life ; firm and kind as a military comman- ident of the United States. His name der, and as gallant and brave as any ma n will be found in every list of the notabl e that ever bore the name of Texas Ranger . men of California ." * * * IIe was a man of fair culture, of goo d Colonel Hays built a beautiful home moral habits, who was governed by a on a farm in the foothills of Alamed a high sense of honor in all his dealing s county, north of Piedmont, where h e with his fellow man, and those who kne w lived until his death on July 25, 1883, i n him best esteemed him most . He was a the sixty-fourth year of his age . The good citizen, a gentleman and a soldier . " eulogies published by California papers Many gallant men who are prominen t after his death are very interesting . They in Texas history served under his com- all say he was a remarkable man and on e mand at one time or another. Ex-Presi- of the most noted in that state . A paper dent Lamar, Generals Burleson, Ben an d read before the Society of California Henry McCulloch and Tom Green, Judg e Pioneers says : "Col. John C. Hays was Hemphill, Governor Bell, Colonel Walke r a pioneer of pioneers . For heroic cour- Capt . Ad Gillespie, Big Foot Wallace, age, dauntless bravery, great enduranc e and a number of other distinguished and perseverance in protecting settler s characters. along the borders of western civilizatio n The founder of Castroville said o f from the scalping knife of wild savages , Hays and his rangers : "They were he had few peers and no superiors . For equal to any emergency, but such a com- magnetic power in firing the hearts of hi s pany can, in my opinion, only be com- comrades with his own daring spirit, li e pared to the old musketeers of Loui s equaled the great leaders. As a soldier, XIV, who represented the true and ehiv- civil officer, citizen, husband and father, alric soldiers of France . Hays and his his life was such that he was respecte d men represented the trite and ehivelri i and beloved by all that knew him . " disinterested American gentlemen, so! • Col. John S . Ford, who was adjutan t Bier, who, at all times was ready to she d of his regiment that served under Genera l the last drop of his blood for countr y Scott, says : and protection of the feeble . " "The fame of Colonel hays rests oil a substantial basis ; it was acquired by har d Fifty-three million dollars was lost fighting, by suffering privations and by in 1922 through altercation of checks . 4 FRONTIER TIME S The Trail of Blood Along the Texas Border

This series of Frontier Stories was «Written several years ado by John Warren Hunter, now deceased. One article of the series will abJear each month in Frontier Tines . Early in 1855, Mathew Taylor and Jo e With a rude "bull-tongue" plow they McDonald, each having large families prepared the ground-some two or thre e moved from Illinois and settled on Sprin g acres-planted the corn and returned t o Creek, fifteen miles west of Fredericks- their homes on Spring creek, thirty miles burg in Gillespie county . At that period away. Later they came back and plow- Fredericksburg was the chief seat of th e ed and hoed out their crop . Prince Solms Colony of Germans and wa s When the corn reached the roastin g a mere village of pole cabins, and the ear stage, bears came in for their shar e settlement formed by McDonald and Tay- of the harvest but sufficient was left to lor was on the extreme border . The gov- reward the pioneers for all the labor ex- ernment maintained a small garrison o f pended. regulars at Fort Martin Scott, two miles Shortly after the advent of the Tay below Fredericksburg, also at Ft . Mason lor's and McDonald's . the Nixon and Jo y and later in the year, (1855) Fort Mc- families moved out. from Arkansas, th e Kavett was established. The Messrs. Nixson's settling on Squaw creek and th e McDonald and Taylor engaged in stock- Joy's on Beaver creek. The points of raising and farming, the latter only to a the two settlements were respectively limited extent where the waters of ten and sixteen miles from the Taylor Spring Creek could be utilized for irri- settlement on Spring creek, but in those gation. These men were devoutly reli- days of ceaseless peril, little count wa s gious and when their little log cabins ha d taken of distance and a man living twen- been completed, and ready for occupan- ty miles away was a. door neighbor an d cy, a family altar was erected, the Bible the sense of a common danger, resolve d was installed as their man of counsel an d into a kinship of the close ties of which their children taught to worship God and the present generation can scarcely obey His divine precepts. comprehend . Nature was bountiful to these couriers Just before the outbreak of the Civi l of a new order of things. Game was War, Monroe McDonald married Miss plentiful. Wild bees abounded in tree Beckie Taylor, daughter of Matthew Tay- and cave, and life would have been on e lor. About the same time Lafe Me- long joyous round of rural joys but for Donald married Miss Alwilda Joy, a sis- 'he continued menace of the savage i n ter to Tobe Joy, who later made a bril- whose path little settlement was made . liant record as an Indian fighter . Mr. Taylor informed the writer tha t To the old frontiersmen it was well hunting grounds in those days embraced known that an Indian never forgets or the Upper Llanos, the Conchos and the overlooks a locality or settlement where Guadalupe regions and that during th e one of his tribesmen has been slain . Ven- Buffalo season he and his sons an d' the genance sooner or later was sure to b e McDonald boys paid their annual visi t wreaked upon the dwellers of that parti- to the Conchos, established their cam p cular locality. near the spring at the confluence of th e The settlers in Gillespie were not ser- two main streams and where San Angelo iously molested by the Indians until the now stands. Here they would remai n beginning of the Civil War when U . S. until the buffalo had left or had been troops were withdrawn from the frontier . driven out and then they would retur n Up to that period, they were in a mea- to their homes laden with dried mats sure friendly, visited the settlements oc- sufficient for the year's supply. casionally, traded with the people, an d Mr. Taylor also informed me that h e sometimes departed with horses not pai d and his brother-in-law, Joe McDonald , f or. were the first to raise a crop of corn in The first of a long series of trouble wit h Kimble county. The spot chosen fo r these pioneers began in 1862. An In- the agricultural experiment was in the dian approached Monroe .McDonald's forks of the Llano, in the river botto m cabin and begged for food. Monroe sup. where the two Llanos came together just plied his wants and took him to his fath- below where Junction City now stands. er's, Joe McDonald, where he was kept FRONTIER TIMES 5

under guard a few days anti then deliver- gitives, the wounded chief had dragge d ed to the sheriff of Gillespie county, who himself to a nearby liveoak and when th e placed him in jail . What became of the pursuers returned they found him re- Indian is not positively known . Ile dis- clitt-ing against the root of that tree . As appeared and the report Nvent abroa d they cattle up lie began to chant his deat h that they tnet((l out a cruel, swift ven- song, the wierdness and novelty of which geanee the se((rtOI with amply show . caused them to pause and hear him to a Early in February . 1fi(ia. Captain Joh n finish . The chief held in his grasp a lon g Banta, with ten others, among whom knife and at the conclusion of his son g were the All-Donald hogs . were scoutin g and when Mr. Banta stepped forward to along 4oltnsolt's Irk of the Llano . The give the parting s:hcit, with tilt effort, call . day was cold and a light mist waits falling forth all lit .,; reinailuirtg strength, th e ing. They came upon an Indian trai l Tntlian plunged the knife into his ow n leading in the direction of tile S'pl-in g heart and fell back a corpse . creek settlement and by that almost in- Six scalps, six bows, six quivers (IF ar- tutive knowledgo peculiar to title fron- rows and a few worthless articles of In- tiersntt•n of those days, thty soon foun d dian apparel were the fruits of victor':. that tIrer•e were eleven Indiaris in th e But utter.' were six Indians less to stea l btntcln, and lhal they were all on foot . and n+urder, and the 'Texans coat(+ hon e Tit(,y took ill) the trail and ca iiiiousl y without a sc'ratc'h . followed it +oilil they reached the .'rest Souse time he fore this, about Iho yea r of a divide overlooking the head draw of 1RG1), it' T have been correctly informed . the I'erdiliales river. where they srldden- the Tavlen• and McDonald raneh was es- ly conic neon the lndians, who, sit spect- tahlished on the I'crdinales, where Ilar- ing no danger, had halted of a beneh o f per now stands, and settle 4 or Itl miles a hill and were engtatzed in mending thei r from Spring ('reek . haft. \Ic•1)onald, it rnoccat sins, which, o\i~ing to the wet grass scents, after his marriage, lived with o r and long travel, ~~'ere nearly worn out. near Iris fatht'r-in-law . MI.. Joy, o h The boys c•'Itarged upon the Indituns . who Thread-ill several miles distant front th e in turn fled and attempted to reach a mot Taylor ranch . of live oaks in the valley below . The Indians bccau+e ,vatteu•e d aiid a rtnt- luring those huroie (lays the elolhin g ning light ensued . I acli Tesau .vlt'etc' d worn by these pioneers was either "ttoiu e hiss Indians and when crowded the savage spun" or bnch-l.ttt and soiuetiute:, both, and till, cot trill l.ards, spinning wheel, would turn upon his pru•s (uer arid at- warping tempt to rise his bow and arrow . But flit' winding blades and bars. were ntistirig rain hail dainpeneul their bo w Indispensable industrial intplentonls in every frontier Ironic strings (unade of sinevc •1 and dais render- . ed till. weapon ,ia•Irss. 'I'Ire Texans wer e _1 fete month's after Captain Banta's almost at au equal disadvanta,o, al- tight ,just above the Taylor raneh, an d though armed with c'olt's -,voivcrs. '1 'hl. whore six of the enemy were killed, firs . auluntition ftI'll isl e(l by the State wa s Lafe Mol)onald and her mother, Mrs . very infet•i or, morn espt'cially till- percus- Joy, left the Joy ranch in a buggy an d sion caps . These were not water proof an d started to the Taylor raneh with a lot o f had becotne dauup . Nor were they of th e thread they had span and which was being taken to Alrs. Taylor to be woven in- guage 1o lit the tithes of the Colt's pisto l where plae•e d on the tubes, the fir ..t fire to cloth. Some miles (pill they were sur- would jar the remaining five loose and rounded by a band of Indians and killed they would fall oft'. lint tile battle grew To show- the edict's that this raid was, apace. 'I'ht• Indians finally rallied rotun d strictly one of revenge, these Indians di d their .'liter. _ , hosl, yells of defiauic•i• xroitl d not appropriate the horse driven by the have stricken terror to weaker souls . The tutn•t lered ladies nor did they take an y ntotutlcd Texans made repeated charge s article from the baggy . The first intelli- until six of the bravos find fallen ; amon g gence the family had of Ilie awful trage- whom was their chief . The remainin g dy was when, a couple of flours aftet- tile five eseaped in the brash and were pur- two ladies left tilil , ranch the horse eame- sued t'oi' some distance, but withou t back still harnessed to the buggy an d avail . stopped at the gate. 1V hen the funnil y During the- last charge a shot front went out t o investigate, they found bot h Captain Banta's pistol had broken the of the women in tile buggy-dead', Airs . old chief's back. While pursuing the. fu- Mel)onald's head had been severed and

6 FRONTIER TIME 8

tt as found under the hiiggy seat . Airs. desire-revenge. Such teas Veteran .Toy's throat was cut from car to ear . John .Joy. ;Joy, Sr. the lumshand and father, swor e It seemed as if this brave old pionee r eternal vi•nreance against the Comanche s had become possessed with the power o f v l, :rn he \ e\•, ed the remains of his wif e ubiquity since it is related of him that h e and daughter . Ile was in fairly good was always found of the trail of every circumstances . Ile Owned a large stool. hand of Indians that raided the regio n of cattle, horses and hogs besides an am- from the Guadalupe to the Colorado, an d ple supply of specie . Ile called his sons when an Indian ventured within the con- around him at the conclusion of the funer- fines of all that vast region, quite ofte n ill and annolulced t .) them his resolutio n Ile found. when too late that an aveng- try di'lote Ill( , 1'eiltalllder of Ills IInYs to the ing \emcsis was on his trail, and whos e task of Icillint, Indians. To these sons lie steady aiun never faltered and whos e gate charge and control of all his stoc k Irusty rifle never spoke in vain . Return- and ranch interests. reserving for hint- ing home on one occasion from a lon g sell' shelter and food on occasions whe n sc•ott in the Llano region, and when with he chanced to return from his long an d in a few miles of his ranch, his quick ey e weary• search I'm- the eneuty ; and means discovered Indian sign, and upon close r sutliciellt to supply hint with the latest scrutiny he found the trail of three llltpt•oved arm,, all(] amtlnition . Indians that had passed along, afoot, i n the direction of the Taylor ranch . Tak- From that date only one thought, on e ing this trail It(- silently . swiftly followed . intense, burning desire- that of reveng e It led him to the west of the Taylor ranch -swayed the life of Mr . .loy. lie seeme d and across the divide . The second day a t to avoid the compan y- of men . always nightfall . with the tread of a lynx lie going alone, sometn,les going on foot, bu t carte upon them in their riffle bivouac i n more often mounted . It is related of hi m a cedar brake on the banks of a littl e that for several year-:. he rode a stocky stream. They had shot a cow and were Sj,::nish horse fleet of foot and of a hardi- regaling themselves with roast beef, hood that seemed pr.r>f against all m .elt- when a rifle shot pierced the heart of on e Ixr of fatigue it,.(1, hrtr,',ship. This hnrs c of their faithful number and the deadl y w:l' neve .down if, :('tvc hin), and while Colt's did the rest . All three were killed . lle would not allow a stranger to ap- This old pioneer died at an advanced proach, -et he way :,vet ready to con! . :t t age. I-le lived to see the Comanche for- his r- ;ls, .,.r s cal! . -31-0111 Muslin_ .', c.• ever banished from the Texas border, bu t older ( at !v, this h-) :• .e Lad an ahhorr1 •cle: lamented the government's course i n for fmdi .oi-<. and encamped '11 f ir- placing the tribe on a reservation , and est, (.i jo, ill if an It ,t .n came near at a •iy feeding them at public expense . He hunt• of the night Ili- I-resenee was o:a('ec thought they all ought to be killed rat a known by the stx •u pl :,n and snorting o f regretted that he could not live longe r the intelligent animal . The old pionee r and kill a few more of the numerous was an apt pupil in all that pertained t o devils. Indian woodcraft, and soon became a n On the Taylor ranch lived :Matthew adept to the extent that the fresh turn- Taylor and his wife, Hannah, a number ed stone, a broken twig or bruised blad e of their children, and Eli McDonald, hi s of grass attracted his notice and oftime s wife and six children . On one occasio n indicated the late presence of the enemy . Mr. Taylor and his son with one or tw o His activitiy and endurance was almos t neighbors went away oil a cow round-up , superhuman . Today, on one of the Twi n leaving Eli McDonald to look after the Mountains on the Concho scanning th e ranch and protect the families. On IlnI e adjacent plains and the distant horizon , morning after the departure of Mr . Tay- watching for a smoke from signal fires ; lor and only a few hours after his leav- tonuu•row, from some high peak over- ing, a large body of Indians appeared. looking the valley of San Saba, the nex t Not, suspecting danger so near at hand , day steadily examining the watering 'Miss McDonald, a beautiful girl jus t places along the upper Llano 's-in vale , blooming into womanhood, had gone t o hill, mountain and cedarbrake-a phan- the spring nearby to bring the milk from tom of grins tragedy, a silent • ghostly Ne- the spring house, for the noon meal . As mesis thatt never slept-always on th e she left the spring she was riddled wit h alert-moved by a single impulse that o f arrows, and with frightful yells the In , an unquenchable, insatiable consuming dians swarmed into the yard and around

FRONTIER TIME q

the home . Mr. McDonald seized his Win- bearing brush, while only fragments o f chester anal rushed into the yard to repe l her raiment yet clung to her sorel y the enemy . The Tndians made sign, for' wnnnded body . Her reason for the tim e peace and motioned for him to pill awa y being, had bean overfill-own, the ordeal his gun ; that they were "in uy amigos. " had been greater than she could bear win d Finding such fearful odds against him, i n only ineoherenev, the hahblings as of a a moment of Weakness t'ieldod and se t little child, and paroxysms of maniacal

down his gun against the side of, the laughter, cattle in reply to inquiries from house. Seeing '1 his movement • severa l those ranell people . who soon Came t o I11 .11,111' • came fire it- l . it fill e\lenilr- l realize ii viiili!i, •' H'ei-lit . •I her mi- u

hand as if for a friendly handshake . 'Me- fortInlf •, . 11 11#1110 sOlil ill al (1 i Donald offered his hand which was siez- reel ions to the dili'erent settlements for ad and while being held was stabhed t o aid in pin-suing the Tudiaus. Mrs . Taylor (lentil. received every ('are and attention tha t With the fall of Eli McDenla ld th e geuer its souls could suggest, and afte r butchery .;topped. 1\li . Taylor an d long lllontlt :; of suffering recovery c'anu ' Mrs. Eli Mcl)onald and her Children welt , and she lived to a rent oil] age . Matthew witnesses to the tragedy and were power- Taylor. Iii i Ilmshaiid, was a Mchodi,t leis to offer am rt •s ist;imce . 'l'ho Indian s hreat•irer, aurl shortly after her thrillin g looted the place taking everything tha t advetiltre wins the savages, Mrs . Taylor struck their fancy . They were noise y heeauu• impressed with the idea that sh e while ministry and in Ill--h glee ;u1d1 sacking tlll- hall a divine Call to the mid i n hons,e 11 is . Taylor ste:nullity passed oa t oheiiieuce to the call she eventually he- info the vim- pen nhcrc a largo minmhei' c ;irn,• a f,reaeher after having professe d of her brume cattle \ ;'re basking in th e stnlt•t ifioation ;ind ;joining the holiness shade of the trees and anion- the- people . The writer knew- her quite well :,-friendly line she concealed herself until and heard her preach oil nnany occasions . Ilw Indians had departed . Al rs. \'Ie- `he teas very fervent at camp meeting s I)onald and children Were carne!! int o ;;id often raised a shout of praise ant i Captivity • but at the of ii1r,'e p :n':•, t`iank,giving to the Lord for her delivcr- were released by government agents an d slico. A colnrnon expression of lher'st restored to refill ives in Gillespio. v-1- hell shouting was : "Bless the Lord, th e This Indian raid was made only a fe w Tn,juns got mc . but [ got away agin' 1 " months alter Captain Banta's tight wit h the Indians only a few miles above the The site of the pioneer village o f Taylor ranch. ;rlilieuhruff, the first settlement in th e :1 few Year., :ii'tir N11-s . \leDonill •1 '~. re- Northwest Territory near New Philadel- lease feint captivity, site ww< married t o phia, Ohio, has been determined by an Peter 1lazlcwood . 1) iringr the last ru d areheoligist . The old village was fonr •d - ever made by the Trclians ill (till , spie ed ill 1772 liy a Morivian Inission ;iry. count v Mr. 1lnzlev'o'•d was lolled .n a with Fragments of brightly colored glass re- liizht them on the waters of Sprin r sembling Venetian glass, such as tr; :tl- crack . This was in I` 72. tioven o r ea gaive Indians for skins of animas, eight years later Mrs. Ila •rlewood mar- fragments of clasp knives used for hunt . ried again and at last accounts was liv- iii r, lane sheets of pare beaten copper, ing at lngranl in Kerr county, fllintrocks ill muskets, tomahawks , when the irldiai15, laden with 1 ot : ; wrought iron , : .Ills, htunan bones and hold plunder, which they securely pack- pot Icrywarc were found in the cellar .;. 4 . 41 oil horse,-had taken their departure , The village passed from existence i n Mrs. Ilannah Taylor quit the raneh an d 1x73. in her fright and hewilderulent started , she scarcely knew where . The followin g day the neople at loss ranch The Federal Government owns 1-4 8 . twenty-fiv e national forests comprising a total o f 1 : 'ir••t '1'nlll tl'c 'Tal'Iff,' ianeh1 11"et't • slarIICCI by the aipparanee of i\1rs . Taylor. Iler 1a(i.(I0(l,000 acres. The use of the Ila- ('rail shoes had been word out over ill(- tiolal forests is encouraged, provide d certain regulations arc observed . stony i gourd ;ni:l i ^r { 'cut were bleedin g from innumerable lacerlti ;it;s. and abra- sion. Inca' basis, arms will face were In Americaa there are 1,500,000 unabl e covered will blond from having collie i n to speak the English language . There are contact with eatclaw and other tho n- 3,000,000 more who cannot read it.

FRONTIER TIME S The `Tassacre of John Webster and Party

Af;er tiara Ilou,ton's de"isive victor, WVebster home . A hasty council was ill ti ;l'1 •lacirnto, iuanc people carne t o helot, and from the fact that the, Web- d '1'f'Nas fl- 0111 1114, older `late•,. lfally o f ster party was so greatly outnumbere e then) were sin1gle men, conning f IV ill ., by the savages, it was decided to mak t lm'" of g1h-mtroe, MIA 111811Y Of ttl0lit. their way back to Webberville, or ge wel'e min with families, cumin, to till , reinforcements . land of h, •a nty . feriiliiy intl pron+ise t o The party then took the trail they ha d do'll'eel :l'1' l;lild ;hill hollien For made in coming and made all hast e \\'a, olt ' el'111!' \ - I-I -I' tc'Illltl lllg ill- they could with their slow moving oxen , d111\1 •i tl, , tll, Io iluuli .t ruts. and III1 hoping that the Indians had not discov- e il:elli,anrls AA'ore' eillllltig to take ill , all- ered them . A vain hope, however, as th laC'e of 1114"o dorlatiorss of land . sirtl•t ' sequel shows. Texas had bccn ahle to tlll . oN\- off till . The party made good progress on thei r Alexicinl yoke . retreat, the darkness being considered , AtII)II those people came John Web- until they crossed the South San Gabriel . Iet. :n111 ills rankly- . consisting of In s This point is three miles north of the v, lt'r and tvro children, a boy anal a girl , town of Leander in Williamson Count y stn istfant inn anus, and one or tuore negr o and the crossing was between what i s ser\ants . They catnc t'rotu Vil---Illia, allo t known as the Cashion farm and the \situ them came John llarlulgton, a Wilson farm, where a spring branch voting man . empties into the San Gabriel . Going out 1\',Islet• and faulily slopped at Webb- of the San Gabriel Valley, tine foremos t ville, ill Bastrop ('ounty, and had title wagon was hung onto a tree in such a to a tract of land that is now ill th e manner that it was impossible to ge t cottiny of lbnrnt•t. the little village it off , Without cutting down the tree , Ienov;u a, Slrichling, being on the trac t and this was slow work underneath th e then o\\•nell by John Webster . wagon, and in the darkness . Had it been \I \Vebbcrvillc, in July and Augus t the rear wagon, it could have been 1 > :;!1 . A1 eb,ter 1gal tiered together an out- abandoned, but was the front wagon , fit, such as would be needed to make a and blocked progress. Mrs. Webster -t)me in a tnew country, consisting o f said several hours were lost in extricatin g Wagons, oxen, farm tools, horses, arms , the wagon . and other things that pertained to a About sunrise the yelling Indians Ilioneir's outfit . came in sight . The Webster party ha d \\'cbster knew of the danger from In- reached the Brushy Creek Valley nea r di :ut,, for the brutal Comanches were i n the north bank of brushy Creek, a bin 11 control of the ionntry north and wes t some twenty feet in height an,! ove r of :\tl,lin . For protection from Indians 150 yards in length formed the nort h and to assist hint in improving his place , bank of the creek . Some of the part y lie induced eleven young men to ac- proposed to abandon the wagons an d eonipany him, and tradition says lie ha d take refuge under the bluff, but the only with hint a negro matt servant and hi s protection from the south would have wife, snaking the party consist of thir- been a fringe of trees growing alon g teen then ; two women, including th e the creek. Little time was permitte d n4, rro woman servant and the two We b for a discussion, for the Indians wer e ster children, making seventeen souls i n preparing to attack . A corral. such as the party . Between the 10th and 15t h only three wagons could make was o1' August, 183t), this party took up the quickly formed, the oxen taken loos e line of march, having three wagoits , from the wagon tongues, and all par- drawn by oxen.. There being no roads ties took refuge in the corral and unde r and none of the men familiar with th e the wagons and prepared the best the y country, their progress was very slow . could for resistance . According to -Mrs . Vvebster's account at The Indians would form on a low about sundown on the third day the y ridge, having some scattering post oa k reached an elevation that overlooke d timber on it, then they would charge , the spot that Webster intended to make going by the wagons, and shooting a t his future home . But to their horror a the Webster party as they passed, Web- large slumber of Comanche Indians wer e ster and his men firing at the Indian s encamped on the spot intended for th e as they passed. This kind of an attack

FRONTIER TIMES 9

was kept up until in the afternoon, and where near Pilot Knob, a few miles north until all of the men were killed, leavin g of Austin. Some time during the nex t only Mrs. Webster and the negro wom- summer Mrs. Webster escaped from th e an and the two Webster children living , savages at the head of the Guadalup e better protection being given them b y River, taking with her her baby daugh- some of the household goods. ter, and after many hardships and great The scene of this bloody tragedy is suffering cattle in sight of San Antonio . located one mile east of the flourishin g She was entirely destitute of clothing , little town of Leander, on the Llan o and on this account remained hidden i n branch of the I1oustox and Texas Centra l the mesquite brush near the city unti l Railroad, about thirty miles from Austin . nightfall, when she went into the cit y The Indians burned the wagons, car- and told her story . She was kindly care d ried off such articles as they wanted , for and all her wants supplied by Mrs . and took up their line of march in a Maverick and other kind-hearted ladies . northwesterly direction, taking Mrs. She was restored to her friends, an d Webster, her two children and the negr o the boy was rescued by traders amon g woman as captives . the Indians . The daughter Martha V . Webster's friends at Webberville, hear- afterward married a man by the name of ing nothing from the party, none of th e Strickling and spent her life in this par t men returning, a party Was sent ou t of the State . A number of years afte r on their trail to look for them . Of this the Indians were driven back a monu- party was h enderson Upchurclt, after- ment was erected over Webster's grave . ward a prominent citizen and farmer o f It was made of soft limestone of tha t the Leander community, and from hi s region, and time and weather have turn- family much of the matter of this articl . ed it almost black, and the letters ca n was obtained, as Mr. Upehureh has bee n mly be deciphered by tracing them ove r (lead many years . with white crayon . Mr. Lpchurch and his party found som e The inscription is as follows : "To th e of oxen inaking their way back t o nemory of Washington Perry Reese and Webberville, with the yokes still on som e William Parker fieese, killed with Joh n of them. A few mil''es fiu •t her on, after Webster and Company by the Comanch e finding the oxen, the party came upo n Indians, Aug. 27, A . I). iti:i9. This tomb the remains of the wagons and the hone s s raisetl by their brothers and Webster' s of the unfortunate Webster party . This laughter, Martha V . Strickling : Charles party returned to «Webberville and re- Ii. Reese and Thomas Reese . " ported, and another party was uuide u p This place has been made a cenieter y to bury the victims of the massacre . Of ail([ is known as the Davis Graveyard , this party was George Alley, who after- where rests all that is mortal of man y wards lived ;in(] died in Georgetown ana l good pioneer citizens who came afte r Rev. Jack Atkinson . a pioneer preache r the wild Indians were driven back. Tha t of the Cumberland Presbyterian church . beautiful valley in 1+39 was a sea o f Mr. Atkinson said the bones of the vic- ,Waving grass, interspersed with a fe w tims were scattered over the little valley trees, then the scene of heart renderin g where the battle occurred for several tragedy, is now green with growing cot- hundred yards in the tall grass, makin g ton and waving corn dotted with comit difficult to get all the bones together . fortable homes, churches and school- Wolves had dragged parts of the bodie s houses, telegraph and telephone wires, for a long distance. broad public roads, along which spee d Tile Websters had packed their bed- the flying automobile ; trains on the rail- clothes in a crockeryware crate, whic h roads, carrying the products of a happ y was not destroyed by the indians . In and prosperous people to the ends of th e this crate they gathered the hones of th e earth. Indeed, we call exclaim, "See wha t thirteen men and buried them near a God bath wrought . " clump of live oaks, not far from wher e the wagons were . Mrs. Webster and her children were Alaska has an area of about .iS1i,000 taken to the mountain country at th e square miles, much larger than Texas . head of the Guadalupe ant.[ Llano Riv- the largest state . It has a populatio n ers. She and her children attempted t o of about 54,000, much less than three- escape and were recaptured, accordin g ttuarters of that or Nevada, the least pop- to her d scriptionn of the country, some- ulated state.

10 FRONTIER TIME S History of Fort Inge, on the Leona Rive r Miss Bertha Dalton, in Uvalde Leader News. just as surely as distance lends enchantmen t in September, 1856, the soldiers onc e to the view , more patrolled the banks of the Leona , And robes the mountains in its azure hue and slid guard duty under the shado w of this great natural fort. Texas seceded does the passage of time invest with in- from the Union February 1861, and o n terest and romance the prosaic and or- March 19. 1861 the Federal troops wer e dinary facts and features of everyda y recalled from the enemy's territory to life, and add the touch that the seat of war . The garrison from For t Giooes to a11y nothing Tnge, under command of Captain .Tames A local habitation and a name . ()akes, in company with the retirin g troop from Fort ('lark to S'an Antonio , When, then, this enehali anent, du e and sixteen miles west of San Antoni o to distance is added to the unusual an d fell into tile hands of the Confederates . extraordinary, a eombination both start- 'I'hc,v vv'rr, , parolled, and sent north b y ling and marvelous is produced ; and, for way of Old Indirniola . this reason, today, we find old Fo t Ing e During the Civil War, the fort wa s wrapped in a glamour of war, romance , oecnl-)ied by Confederates, and in 1866 , and tradition that makes it an object o f the fortunes of war again brought th e much local nil crest and speculation . Federal troops to Fort Inge, where the y 1'nique in its formation, and command- remained until the United States govern- ing in its appearance, Alt. Tnge, apar t ment finally abandoned the fort Marc h from its historic associations, is an ob- 28, 1`(69 . After this final abandonmen t ject of interest both to the scientist an d of the fort, tie Texas Rangers served a s to the lover of Nature in her wilder,mor e protectors of tie frontier, and were majestic moods. Geologically, Alt . Inge stationed in tile old fort. In 1870, is formed of a species of rock unlike an y Captain Riehards of the Ranger force other type of this region, a species t o fou l-lit a band of Tndians just below th e which the name "i"valde phonolife" Im s fort . In this fight, one ranger and sev- been given. Alt . Inge is situated about eral Indians were killed . The same day three miles south of ('v, on the a band of depredating Indians killed th e Leona River, is a great circular eminenc e captain's soil and another ranger . over one Hundred and fifty feet high . In One day in the year of fifty-nine when position, it is as solitary and distinc t Captain Robert 1' . AleClay commanded in structure, it is peculiar and interest- this far western and lonely fort, every i ng. soldier, rank and file stood at attentio n The year that California startled th e to welcome Robert Edward Lee, who s o world by the announcement of he" 1 •i cl, lately had proved Ins mettle by carrying gold finds and became the lodestone tha t Scott into the City of Alexieo, and wh o drew thousands to her "El Dorado" was so shortly was to win fame by keepin g the year that first saw the star, an d this same Scott and his brother officers stripes unfolding to the Texas breez e out of Richmond . And no soldier eve r from the summit of Ft . Loge. On March establish-co advanced upon the fort at the head o f 13, 1849, Fort Inge was to a stranger calvacade than did this gal- tie south, and at the base of the moan- lant Robert Edward Lee, who turnin g tain with Captain Set Ii Eastman, of th e aside from the course of tie Nueces di- First Infantry conimanding . In a short reeted leis party to the stars and stripe s time, he gave way to Captain Willia m that waved above old Fort Inge . For a J . Ilardu, author of a book on military moment, those who watched tie part y tactics that was used by both the Feder- .c , lvruiein, forgot their whereabouts and als and Confederates during the Civi l imagined themselves the inhabitants o f \\ar. Captain liardu joined his for- a desert, for with lumpish tread, lookin g tunes will, the Confederacy and rose t o in vain for the sands of their nativ e distinction. Oil April, 1851, the troops All•iean deserts, trudged four grown were withdrawn but the Fort was agai n c9loflk and one yearling, bearing th e occupied ill July of the same year. Agai n baggage of the party. in 14,) :i the fort was abandoned, the gari- In 1458, tie Federal government trie d son being transferred to Ft . ('lark. For a novel experiment. A ship load of over a year the fort was unoccupied, but African camels was landed at Galveston FRONTIER TIMES 11

and distributed among the forts of Wes t can is in command of the Department o f Texas and Arizona, where their adaptab- Texas, with head quarters at Fort Sa m ility as a beast of burden for the Unite d Houston. General J. ''J. Duncan was States Army was to be tested in the de- born at Fort Ewell, which was situate d sert regions of these sections. In 1859 , on the present site of Cotulla, in 1853 , Robert E . L,ee . on a tour of inspection , and no officer could he said to be more left San Antonio for Canip Verde in Ban- nearly born in service than he, for he i s dera county, where a camel ranch ha d the third successive generation of hi s been founded . lie left 1'antp Verde i n family to hold a commission in the command of this miniature caravan, an d I rnited States Army . Only a few week s proceeded west on the divide that separ- ago, General l)unean rode beyond the ates the head waters of the Meclina, limits of San Antonio at the head o f Rondo and Sabinal front those of the troop E Third Cavalry out its march t o Llano, and on reaching the Ntteces, he Eagle Pass, to do honor to his father's turned south and followed its course un- command, the old troops Captain Dunca n til he turned toward Fort Inge . After commanded at Fort Inge . resting at Fort Inge, the party was take n The officers' and soldiers' quarters in charge o1' Judge J. F. Robinson, who were built. south of the mountain, alon g was then a government guide and trail- the cast bank of the Leona, which i n er. The caravan-like party \vent dow n those days was a bold running stream as the west bank of the Leona to the Com- it passed the fort . The hospital wa s anche Crossing of the Frio, below th e built at the base of the mountain, and conjunct ion of the Leona and Frio, wher e was a fine stone structure . The officers ' they went into cnunp. From this poin t quarters were comfortable and homelike .Tudge Robinson returned to Uvalde, and and the fort has been described by ol d the party continued its way to San An- settlers as a social resort, and the sol- tonio. diers, when tile,) appeared in the lit- That Robert E . Lee was the guest of tle village trading at the stores, or at- our own Fort Inge is its greatest. glory, tending church in the old court house a s but not its only one, and we are far front well dressed, sober, polite and gentle- willing that. the greatest glory dim th e manly. less. Front March 18 .)7 to March 1858 , Now only a few broken stones and the fort was commanded by Captain Ed- straggling ruins remain to tell the story mond K . Smith ; and for a moment, th e of the brave nien . who, in pioneer days, name deflies recognition . but we sudden- acted their "liad" upon the broad prair- ly feel a thrill to know that, another ies of our Lone Star State and made pos- gallant Confederate, more familiarl y sible file homes, happiness and prosperi- known as General E . Kirby Smith, spent ty of our people. All honor to th e a year within the shadow of the fort, an d ntennory of tile soldiers of old Fort Inge ! climbed its summit just as you and I have done. Another name dear to al l Then, the war drums broke the silence, the South is found in the list of soldier s And re-echoed from its crest ; stationed at the fort . that of General .1 . Now, the gentle zephyr ripple s B . Hood, the fame of whose Brigade stil l The Leona's placid breast. re-echoes through our broad state . And at eve its shining waters , While Ave honor these brave men just Flowing onward to the sea., mentioned, and peculiarly love them fo r IRring in fancy, ghostly shadow s they were of our own fair Sottthland , ()f the gallant flood and Lee. we equally honor those brave cownan4l- It was here the dark marauders ers of the fort . who at the beginning o f Played havoc in their day ; the Civil War saw before then "dut y While, undaunted, this grand army , and love, one broadway" and remained Kept the savage hordes at bay . to fight the battles of, and add glory t o Now that peace has spread her pinio n the grandest nation on earth . Anion- And the clouds have rolled away, these was Thomas Duncan, who com- To these heroes this old mountai n nmanded the fort in 1858, and later, dur- Stands a monument to-day. ing the Civil War, performed valuabl e and valiant service, rising to the ran k of Brigadier General in the Army, whose A 50-foot thermometer at Atlantic glory was his pride . Today, his son , City can be read a mile away . Lights o.n Brigadier General Joseph Wilson Dun- the board indicate the temperature . 12 FRONTIER TIME S

Taming the Savage Apache Followers of Geronimo .

The Indian spirit has been humbled. the worst renegades and started out on a The Apache is now a man of peace . He i s series of raids. to a considerable extent, civilized . He no Again General Crook proceeded longer wears the blanket and moccasin s against them, and in August 1886, th e of his fathers, but the store clothes an d attire band, about three hundred and brogans of the white trader . He has be- forty in number, including Geronimo , come, in a way, a tiller of the soil, Hi s end Naclti, the hereditary chief, surrend- children have been educated ill the In- ered to General Miles, who has supereed- dian schools-as prisoners of war, the ed Crook. only prisoners of war in the whole Unite d On one raid the Apaches travele d States. more than twelve hundred miles in fou r Of all the American Indians it is con- weeks, raided the Apache reservation , ceded that the Apaches were the mos t killed many Indians and thirty-ciglt t bloodthirsty and cruel. Their outrages .white people and returned to Mexico, alon the frontier shocked the whole worl d though there was in the field agr ins t a quarter of a century ago, and until cap- them forty troops of calvary and forty- tured by Miles and Lawton they terror- three companies of infantry . On or•c ex- ized the whole border and carried thei r pedition into Mexico, after the hostile , warfare into Mexico . Captain Emmett Crawford, in command , In 1876, acting upon the complaint o f was killed. the Mexican government that Geronim o General Miles, in his volume of "Per- and his' band of Apaches had committe d sonal Recollections," gives a vivid des- depredations in Sonora, the Unite d cription of the Apaches . He says : States removed the Indians from their re- "The mountain labyrinths of the Apa- servation to San Carlos, Arizona . ches, may be compared to the crimina l dens and slums of London, although o n Subsequently Geronimo and others o f an immenseely larger scale, and the out- his band of half-naked savages fled back r again into Mexico, were again restore d laws to he tracked and subdued, fo to San Carlos, but they failed to keep cunning, strength and ferocity have ne- peace and in 1882 Geronimo again too k ver been surpassed in the annals of eith- the warpath and raided in Sonora, and h e er savage or civilized crime . A band of and his band were subsequently rounde d Indans that roamed the country up in the Sierraa Madre mountains b y for generations believed themselve s United States troops under George I L to be masters and unconquerable, an d Crook. many of the white people living in tha t country believed it to be impossible t o The Apaches were so cruel that it i s run them down and capture them . " said of them that they tortured simpl y General Miles put to a test in actual for the pleasure of giving pain, an d warfare against. the hostiles, who wer e young Apache boys took keen delight in adept, in signalling with fire and smok e tearing to pieces live birds,, mice o r from one mountain to another, the littl e game which fell into their clutches . Grow- instrument known as the heliostat . Ile ing into men their cruel natures wer e established stations on the mountai n emphasized. Their outrages increase d peaks, and thus opened up a line of com- until the whole country was terrorized . munication. It was an idea which ha d Settlers were murdered, ranches wer e much to do with the solving of the . Apa- burned, men, women and childre n che problem. slaughtered and scalped . Sometimes the y General Miles found in General Law- would strip the clothing from prisoner s ton an ideal soldier to take up the activ e and bury them close to an a.nt hill so tha t campaign against Apaches, and in Leon- the ants would eat the flesh from thei r ard Wood, then a captain of the medica l skulls. Geronimo was a (1hiricahua. corps, an officer of skill, strength and After Crook had brought the Indian s courage, He asked Wood to accompany in, in 1883, they remained quiet for a lii - Lawton, tle while, but in the winter of 1.881 trou- The picked body of troops placed un- ble once more arose over the efforts o f der Lawon were splendidly officered an d the government to prevent the making, equipped . The Apaches were then in thei r and using of tiswin by these Indians an t mountain retreat in the Sierra Madres , Geronimo gathered together a band of where they could have remained practi-

FRONTIER TIMES 13

cally indefinitely, but instead of waitin g Meteorites in Texas . to be attacked they began hostilities Dr. 0. ('. Farrington of the Field themselves, committing all sorts of out- ('olunbian Museum in Chicago, one of rages in northern Mexico . the world's foientost students of meteor- There was a sharp engagement, the ite,, furnished to the Bureau of Economi c Indians scattering and subsequently di- Geology in Austin a catalogue of the me- viding into two bands. Numerous de- Ieo•i les known to have been found in tachments of troops were kept constant- Texas. His list includes no less than ly on the march against them and per- nineteen specimen .. formed unusual feats of heroism . (tf these, cloven are so-called iron me- July 1.3, Lawton's comniand surprise d teorites, which consist of masses o f the camp of Geronimo, but the wily ol d coarsely crystallized iron usually contain- chief escaped, together with Nachi, th e ing several per cent of nickel . The larg- hereditary chief, and the tnenthers of th e est of these. the 1)avis mountain meteoa- hand. Litwton followed them up closel y ite, weighed some 1 .600 pounds and is and not long afterward Geronimo aske d now owned by the Field Colunibian %Iu- for a conference . seuni in Chicago. It was found in Jeff The two fighters met and conclude d I)avvis County in 1903 . The Wichita me- plans for a meeting with :Miles, when teorite is of the same kind, but is of Geronimo agreed to surrender . smaller size. It is said to have been a n The Indians accompanied Lawton 's object of worship among the America n command heel: toward the United States Indians and is therefore believed by some and a detachment of 1fexiean troop s to have been seen by the Indians when i t coming un and threatening to attack th e fell . This meteor is now in the collection Indians, Lawton protested . saving that of the Bureau of Economic Geology . The the Indians were prisoners . Old Germti- earliest In ow ii meteorite from Texas i s mn sent word to Lawton that if Ilier e known as Ilie lied River iron . This. wa s had to be a fight with the Mexicans th e I'ortnd in 1808. These may be said t o Indians would take them from the rea r somewhat resemble a heavy trap rock . while the troops attacked them in front . They usually have a smooth surface . In Skeleton's canyon on the evenin g It seers that more and more meteorite s of September 3, General Miles joined have been found its the population of th e Lawton in camp and shortly afterwar d `t ate has increased . This may be seen Geronimo arrived and surrendered . from the following figures : The captive Indians first were sent t o h'ronr 1,;00 t o I S25, one, front 18250 t o Florida, then to Alabama and in 1894 t o 1850 one ; front 1851 to 1875, three. : from Fort Sill. 176 to 1900, nine ; from 1901 to date , five. A large seated statue of Minerva . Sole of the latest finds may not yet carved from colored alabaster, has been have been reported . The distribution o f discovered in Rome on the site of the Ent- these brigs o%cr the State likewise indi- porinni. This point was a landing plac e cates that the chances of meteorites be- on the Tiber for marble shipments in th e ing discovered iuorerses with population , days of olden Rome . It was found whil e all ])]It six having been found in the eas- excavating for a new building . A work- tern half of the State . None has 'bee n man: near Ognia, Italy, found two ancien t found on the lowlands of the coastal bronze vases containing '300 gold coin s plain. The reason for this may b e dating back to 300 B. C. twofold. Falling on the softer soils o f these lands, the meteors may have mor e I Only one per cent of 80,000 samples ofr easily penetrated into the ground . n liquor seized during the last of the yea r tits utoist ('limale of the coast the me- was genuine, according to a report of teorites 110 doubt also disintegrate inur e the prohibition commissioner at Wash- rapidly than in the dry climate farthe r ington . west . Only one of the Texas meteorites Ile said that adulteration of was with certainty seen when it fell . bootleg liquor was leading to serious l physical consequences . Drinking of This is the Blanket meteorite, which fel moonshine may not cause death direetly . ill Brown Count,- in Slay, 1909. but its toxins are cumulative and resul t in death if indulged in for a protracte d (rid settlers of Bandera county wil l period. hold a two-days' reunion next May. 14 FRONTIER TIME S

A Bunco of the Eighties--the Diamond King .

During the year 1886 San Antonio wa s It was real money, United States mint- electrified by the arrival of a most singu- ed coin. And this man was again scat- lar individual . Many people remember tering it to the winds. Time and again clearly the furore he caused at the time . his hand plunged into the sacks, there Coming unheralded and unknown , lie were a dozen on the wagon, and eac h blew into town one day, a blaze of dia- tinge lie flung a handful of ringing mon- monds. His Mexican sombrero was thic k cy,the crowd went wild . ly powdered with immense gears, all of Dinies, quarters, dollars, bills as high the purest water, and as large as a hazel- as ten dollars were flying through th e nut, it seemed. His coat and vest bore air. The mayor sent the police force to as many as could find room . His sleeve quell the disturbance-and the polic e buttons, and the buttons of all his gar- fought with the populace for the coin . ments, were sparkling with diamonds . Then the diamond king held up hi s To the curious throng that crowded hand. A silence, hushed and still, fell his tent-he had pitched a canvas home upon that vast and wondering multi- or a vooant lot near Alamo Plaza-hi s tude. In a voice as clear as the rin g servants announced that their master of his own gold coins the stranger an- was a diamond king .' They were (leaf t o nounced that he had discovered tile mos t further inquiries, and would give out no- precious of all boons to mankind-a rea l thing beyond this fact except that th e pain-killer. This wonderful, marvelous, king would 'talk to the people on Mai n astounding discovery was tile greates t Plaza the following night at 8 o'clock . blessing to mankind since the discover y The tent ryas closed to peering eyes ; the of fire . It killed all pain. From henc( . diamond king granted interviews to no- forth ward there would be no more suf- body. No one except the servants ap- fering in the world . All would be pleas- peared to gratify the public gaze . ure and happiness. lie was Content . At 8 o'clock on the following evenin g The world could offer him no more. all of San Antonio was at Main Plaza Coming generations would mention hi s with his family . The appearance of suc h name with awe, as the savior of marl- a strange individual was enough to dra w kind's happiness . This was all that he forth the most phlegmatic . The rumors valued . For money he had positively n o that had been circulated and contradict- use. And he again began to scatter ed since his arrival had whetted the pub- bright flashing streams of silver amon g lie appetite to an unbelievable pitch. the people before him . Promptly at 8 o'clock the diamon d That man had San Antonio crazy . king appeared, clad in the richest of vest- People fought for the privilege of bein g ments, aglitter with hundreds of bril- near his wagon. Ile swung the crowd s liants . His equippage, a heavy wagon . as a man plays a, horse, driving the m was disappointment. to the crowd until from place to place, following his showe r it was discovered that it carried bulk y t)f money. crammed sacks that were stiff an d Then once more he called for silence . hea vy. He announced that lie did not ask these Driving up to the center of the plaz a cultured and intelligent people to believ e the diamond king took off his priceles s him, to take his unsupported word . Ile sombrero, bowed respectfully to th e would prove to there that his wonderfu l crowd and reaching his hand into th e discovery did really kill pain-pain o f first of the plump sacks, lie swept it ove r any kind . Did any one have, an achin g the crowd . tooth ' From his hand there sprang a glitter- Somebody did . An old Mexican wo- ing stream. In a moment it tinkled o n man climbed the platform . Her face was the pavement.. There was an instant o f litterally bandaged, and her bloodsho t astonished stillness, and then the crowd eyes bespoke sleepless nights of misery . threw itself bodily in a squirming °T here before the people. in the full fighting mass, onto the offering of th e light of the flaring oil lamps, lie sat th e diamond king. woman on a chair . lie anointed her ach- For in the sacks was money, and h e ing tooth with his marvelous discovery . was throwing it broadcast to the multi- lie reached into her mouth with a forceps tude. and he yanked at the tooth with all the

FRONTIER T HIES 15

strength that God had given him . It his money, selling his wonderful discov- yielded with a jerk . ery, and dying of smallpox, and after "Did it hurt madam?" lie inquired each collection had been handed to his with the utuiost politeness . widow lie resurrected and again, lik e The woman stood up grinning . She the Arabs in the piece we spoke a t stuck a finger into the place where th e school, lie would quietly steal away . tooth had been . Then she spat a mouth- ful of blood and grinned again . VETERAN AMASA CLARK "Didn't know it was out," she said . The crowd roared . It yelled with delight. It shouted, and called, and thun- dered its approval . People stumbled u p the stairs that led to the wagon . That night he pulled teeth,without any pain , free of charge . At midnight he went back to his tent , accompanied by a shouting, pleadin g throng. The next night lie appeared and again lie threw money to the populace. Ile offfered to pull teeth without; pain. But to prevent the crush an d scramble of the preceding night lie wa s forced to make a charge on the opera- tion- one dollar. Business was good. Between tooth-pullings he threw money . San Antonio went mad about the diamond king . It began to buy his wonderful discovery-Spanish Oil,he called it . The people bought it for theniselves,fo r their animals,for their neighbors, for th e sheer love of buying from this wonderful man, who had money to throw away . Amasa Clark, whose likeness appear s Then, one day the news was passe d around that the diamond king had die d above, is a veteran of the Mexican War . -of smallpox . All of San Antonio be- He marched with General Scott from wailed him . 0, that this good nian man `'era Cruz to Mexico City, and was in al l should be laid low . How great a loss t o of the desperate fighting that took plac e the community . And the widow! Poo r along the way and at Chapultepec and woman, -he was destitute . Not only ha d her husband given away every dolla r in the streets of the Mexican capital . Mr. that he possessed, but _he had even Clark located at Bandera in 1852, and thrown away money that lie had borrow- has resided here continuously ever since . ed on the diamonds. She could not eve n He is 110W 93 years old, is active and hale sell his costly clothes-for lie had die d and hearty, and is the father of nineteen of smallpox, and the peeople feared . With the impulsive open-heartedues s children. He will contribute sketches t o of Texans, the people started a list for Frontier Tinier from time to time . the unfortunate widow . Men gave dollars by the hundreds . The fever was In 1920 there were more than 20,00 0 still upon them, and they threw their Indian children of school age who wer e money to his widow as he had throw n not in school because of lack of facilities . it to them. All the Indians are not Osages, wealth y Then, when the collections had cease d in oil lands . Others live on poorer re- coming in, behind the closed flap of tht • servations whose homes are in hovels , tent sat the diamond king and his wife. tents, s1incI tepee;, and houses with

counting out their money . dii' Y unr . "Gee, Carrie," he said, "we've clean- ed up over io0u• hoi- .H ;nllnr on thi s Of the 1,200 or more species of bird s town. Let's hike.' ' native to the United States and Canada So they hiked. The diamond king less than one per cent are really injur- went from town to town, throwing awa y ious. 16 FRONT2l9R 'PTNE F

PopuIation of Texas Seventy-Five Years Ag o

The following story is full of interes t tion carne from Tennessee, Virginia, and historic Value. Tt came to our at- Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, Miss lention as a reprint, credited to that Very issippi and Kentucky . versatile and yet unknown writer, "Se- The State had only two members o f lected." We congratulate him on his Congress . The northern, or first district., enterprise and commend the story to a embraced all the territory of a line run- reading and pasting in a scrap book : ning from a short distance above the The first census record for the State o f Southwestern corner of Oklahoma, in a Texas teas the enumeration of 1850, th e semi-circle. including Tarrant and Dal- republic having been accepted as a Stat e las Counties, and down the Trinity to th e in 1845, at which time its total popula- coast. some distance west of (lalvesto n . tion was 212,592, or more than one square The second district reached from the up- mile for each person enumerated . The per Panhandle to Bro'nsville and includ- city of New York that year had a fe w ing everything west of El Paso . The first more than 50,000 . members were David S. Kaufman, o f When Texas was admitted as a Stat e Sabinetown, and Timothy Pillsbury, o f in 1845 it claimed considerable territory Brazoria . Kaufnian flied .Tanuarv not now within its confines . In 185( i t 1851, and was succeeded by Volncv E . sold to the Federal Government for Howard, of San Antonio . $10,000,000 all claimed outlaying are a The enumeration revealed there was which reduced itt to the size as shown b y only two schools listed as colleges, wit h present-day maps. The enumeration of seven teachers and 105 pupils. The pub- 1850 (the first clay) was by no mean s lic schools numbered 349. with 360 teach- complete . The country was thinly set- ers and 7.946 pupils . and the annual in- tled and the Government facilities of come of the schools was $44 .088. There seventy-three years ago were not a s were 10.58:3 persons, including free ne- complete nor as carefully employed as to- groes who could not read and write . iTn- day. Only twenty-three cities and thei r der the classification of professions, 70 1 population were separately listed in the persons were listed as "blacksmiths an d first cyensus . They were Austin,(i29 ; whitesmitlis," 1,361 carpenters, 22,05 4 Ilonham, 211 ; Castroville (Dledina coun- farmers, 107 boatmen, 8 fishermen, 4 4 tv), 366 ; Cnmaltown, 286 ; (.'orlm s hat and cap manufactures, 155 innkeep- ('ltristi, 5:33 ; ('rockett,156 ; Eagle Pass. ers, 152 "rangers," and 11 sailmakers . (then in Bexar county) 383 : Fredericks- burg, 754 : Galveston, 4.177 : Hortontown, Within 100 miles of the Arctic Circle , (Corral county), 139 ; Houston, 2,396 ; ('ordelia 'M. Karshner has sneceeded i n Indianola, 379 ; Lavaca, :315 ; Marshall, raising as many as 350 bushels of potatoe s 1,180 ; McKinney, 192 ; Nacogdoches, to the acre. She has homesteaded 468 ; New Braunfels, 1,298 ; Pa lestinc, a piece of property in Alaska in a Valley 212 ; Richmond, :3'23 ; Rusk, 355 ; San An- containing hot springs and it is tine to th e tonio, 3,188 ; Victoria, 806 ; and Zodiac warmth given oil' by the springs that sh e (Gillespie county) 160. Only eleve n is able to raise to maturity melons an d counties were listed . the largest being tomatoes, Ilarrison, with a population of 11 ..22, of whom 6,213 were slates . If the site and buildings of the old Only 15,0:34 of the Iteoltlc in 185(1 wer e Hudson Bay post at Fort Langley, Brit- white. There were :397 free negroes an d ish Columbia, aree donated to the 1)n- 58,161 slaves. 'the population !_'k,'11 Ow ntinion histories Sites atul Monument s cities ail([ towns include pcr.,oos of al l Board, that body will repair the old fur- classes. Galvcston had (178 slaves , trading post, turn it into a museum ant i Houston, 527 : Marshall, 421- and Sai i preserve it as a monument to the earl y Antonio, 22(1. (tt' the white p ipulatio n pioneers in British Columbia . tlu•oughout tile date b-!. 69 we.-c' nrt .+lt. , and (19,165 females . 'lhc persons of Five ltuntlred times more narcotics. in }'ort•i„n 1 ,,: Ilt went' ;:!sawn t'f Ins 11,112 .) the forte of opium and its derivitives, are of '.vhicli 4,159 wire Mcxieaus, 8 .191 (h'r- produced Ihau arc legitimately' needed . nnans. 1,103 Irish and 1,002 Enrilislt . Th e The average a ;,c of the <50,Oo0 known ad- greatest proportion of the native popula- dieta in New \'obi State is 23 yearb . FRONTIER TIME S 17

Surveyed by Austin . man from that district, was the man ap- pointed to be the receiver . Stephen F. Austin surveyed and lai d Today it remains an a nincorporate d out the town of Columbus in -August , town and one of the few county seats o f 1823, and planned to make it the capita l its size nvithout a city government. of his colony. Bill lie found that th e Tndians frequented the territory alon g the Colorado River and to the westward , New Trail Drivers' Volume . so lie abandoned his plan and move d The second volume of "The, 'frai l back to the Brazos River and located h i Drivers of Texas," published under th e capital at San Felipe de Austin . direction of Geo . W. Saunders, presiden t But the work started by Austin wa s of the Old Time Trail Drivers' Associa- carried oil by two other men . who actual- tion, and compiled and edited by .J. ly were the first settlers of the place tha t Marx-in Minter, has just been published . is now l'olnmbus . 'These Were w. I) . The, book is replete with interestin g Dewees and Leander Beeson. These inen sketches of early cowboys and their ex- lived on opposite sides of the river an d periences on the range and on the trai l each was two miles from the propose d during the clays that tried men's souls town, but moved to it after Austin' s all o1' which arc true narratives relate d survey. by true cowboys and men who fathere d Dewees wrote to a friend in Ken- the cattle industry of Texas . tucky in March, 182 :3, a part of which "To the memory of the old trail driv- letter follows : ers, the Texas pioneers-to the heroic "Colorado River, Coahuila and Texas , mothers, fathers-to the young and the March 1.5, 1823 . brave who fought manfully for proud , "About six months since, in compan y imperial Texas, this volume is dedi- With two families, I carne to this river. cated ." reads the introductory. We struck the river at the crossing o f The volume has beeti published to pre- the old La Bahia Road . There were no sent a link in the long chain of Texas traces or civilization, nothing to lead u s history that cannot well be spared if to suppose that the foot of white man the record is kept straight and posterit y had ever trod these plains . All aroun d is given a true account of the deeds of was wild, and silent . Before its flowed daring and heroism of the early pioneer s the beautiful Colorado, while about u s of the state of Texas . lay the praries, green and lovely . This The characters mentioned-in the book is truly an enchanting spot . are men of sterling worth and integrity, ''Oil the side of the river opposite us as_ has been proven in every instance is a high bluff, which at the season of wherein they came in contact with th e our arrival was beautiful beyond des- problems and difficulties that made fo r cription . Here the tall grass waving i n the develomnent of an empire so vas t the wind bent down to kiss the water's in its possibilities as to excite the env y edge. The water was low but clear and of the world . beautiful . Surrounding this lofty bluff Every page sparkles with the lustr e were beautiful i tees, apparently for of the deeds well done by a passing gen- miles around. On this side above its i s eration . and it was the purpose of thos e the timber country with high bluffs of 1Vho published it to keep bright tha t which reminded fine of the Cumberlan d lustre, that it may not pale with the River. on whose ,.•rassy banks T while d fleeting years. away the merry hours of childhood . " All money obtained from the sale o f Columbus rem: fined a frontier town the books,with the exception of that use d and a virl oil out oust or civilization fo r for the publication, will go toward a several vear>; after the Beasons and De- monument fund. This fund will be use d wees moved there, and it was not unti l to build a monument to the memory o f 1535 that it Was named Columbus . In the Old Trail Drivers of Texas . 1870 the town Was incorporated, but thi s To those who bought the first volum e was not found - 11sfactory aiiid at'ter of the "Trail Drivers of Texas" th e 30 ),cars as an incorporated city the cor- second volume is being offered for :2.5(1 poration was put in the hands of a re- Thos;(, who do not possess the first vol- ceiver for dissolution. ume may buy the two for $5 or buy J. J. 1liansfield, the present congress- -either the first or second volume for $3 . 18 FRONTIER TIME S

Arizona Indian Wars . Thomas Farrell, in Prescott Courier . In 1860 1 came with the 7th infantry The shooting had been heard at the sta- from Utah. There were four compa- tion and the five men there were out and nies of the regiment and we establishe d armed. The coach was driven into the a new fort on the road to Pinos Altos, corral and a quick change of animals half way between Rio Mimbres and th e made in order to get out of the canyo n Santa Rita copper mines . The fort was before another hold-up could be arrang- called McLean. Receiving my dis- ed. They got through all right, and t o charge at this point, I worked at Rough this day it is not known whether the and Ready station, 20 miles west of Me- hold-ups were Mexicans or Indians, a s celle. The station master was named many of the crimes committed in thos e Bob Sackett. While I was workin g days were traced to Mexican employes there word came from the west that th e of the company. Apaches were acting hostile ; that they Johnny Ward and his neighbors made had captured a girl of the Penningto n such a noise about the Indians havin g family,had outraged her, thrown her carried off his boy that Lieutenant Bas- over a cliff and left her for (lead, bu t com, with a company of the 7th infantry that she had recovered and was at her went to Apache pass to arrest Indian home . Soon after word came that th e hostages to hold for the return of the Apaches had carried off a boy of Johnn y boy. The Apaches were called in by the Ward's. These outrages had taken guide to have a pow wow the next day. place with but few exceptions, in Mex- ('ochise and his half brother, with two ico. There were but two or three com- Pinal chiefs, while talking to Bascomb, panies of soldiers in Arizona under Capt . denied knowing anything about the boy, Reel. About this time news began to and told the lieutenant that what the In- come in of trouble back in the states . dians had they would keep. As Bas- Some had been.aware of what had been comb had arranged beforehand, the going on, but they kept it to themselves strongest and best of his men were ready as it was thought that the trouble woul d at a given signal, to grab the chiefs . At be settled inside of three months. I the curt response of Cochise the signa l think it was in April when the pay was given by the lieutenant, and the four coach was coming through Apache pass chiefs were seized by the two men eac h after night and a trench was found cu t while the balance of the lieutenant's me n in the road, west of the station . As the grabbed their arms and formed a hollo w wheel mules floundered in the trench a square behind the chief to prevent the volley was fired from the north side of other Indians from reaching them . the road, killing one of the mules . Neil They were moved to a nearby tent under Davis was the conductor. The driver I strong guard. The rear guard was a do not remember. The paymaster's man I knew well named Paddy Carroll . name was Owen Trellor . The clerk was He stood six feet, one inch, was a noted Neil Croker, a young daredevil, and son wrestler and the most active man in th e of Croker of California, a director o f regiment. Unknown to his captors, the road. Davis sprang down to cut th e Cochise had a knife secreted on his per- dead mule from the coach. At the sam e son when arrested. Lorato,the inter- time Crocker and the paymaster emerg- preter, told Cochise that when the bo y ed from the coach, each with a messen- was returned they would be released. ger shot gun, and turned loose on th e ('ochise answered with a grunt. Lorato brush. The dead mule was pulled out had hardly turned away before Cochis e of the way and the team straightene d had cut a hole in the back of the tent . out, the driver having to hold his line s As Cochise sprang through the hole Car- A rope was fastened from the whiffle- roll struck the knife from his hand, drop- tree to the coach, all this being done ped his gun and grabbed the indian .who under fire, the paymaster and clerk then grabbed Carroll by the leg, threw holding the leaders. At the word they him over his head and escaped as the on- let go and sprang to the left side, and a s coming guard was firing at him without the coach was pulled across the trenc h effect . Bascomb moved his camp into the paymaster and clerk jumped into th e the station at once and put his men to coach and Davis got up with the driver. digging a trench at two corners of the FRONTTER TTR~ITS 19

corral to cover the four sides of the station, and it was well that he did so, fo r in two hours after the escape of ('oehis o he returned with about two hundre d bucks nipping at the station . The guide warned the lieuteenant tha t in a short time a great many more In- dians would appear oil the scene, ,dud h e was immediately sent to 13uchanan t.-) explain the situation, and it was luckY tha t he (lid so, or he could not have gotte n out, for soon after the hills swarmed \wit h painted yelling savages. Twice they tried to rush the station and each lim e were driven back with a heavy loss . With half of the force of defender,, o n the ground at a time things dragged o n (':\ I''1' . .J. l ;. CTLLET P . for two days, with an occasional shot a t ,kilt lor" Six Years Nt•t til Texas Rangers an Indian who exposed himself. The Indians tried to set fire to the station b y filling the air with blazing arrows, bu t lwa rr, Llano ; John 0. Allen, chaplain , they failed to ignite anything and that ('oolcvi lle. was discontinued . The. e-:-rangers, orl-anized two years The Indians would crawl as close a s ago at \Vcatlierl'ord, held their secon d they could and shoot arrows into th e meeting ai ('ionianehe and duet this yea r air so that they would fall into the trenc h at Menard . These towns are cite scene s and corral . It was the morning of th e of one or mule Tailian engagements . third day when the glad sound of a of which these nlen are th e last bugle sounding the charge brought all ,orvivors. The organization is limite d except the guard holding the prisoners , to meld who saw service more than thirt y out with gun and cartridge box, and a s year,, ago, amid, therefore, includes onl y the cavalry drove the Indians befor e those who helped to clear 'Texas of them the station men and the infantr y Lu?ians and had white men of the clay s gave -them a warm reception. It was of Sitm l;a,s it 'id \ep Thorntoii . Sergeant Lord with a company of th e There has probably never existed i n first dragoons. After resting the horse s the :kiiie'icaii continent a group of me n and getting breakfast there was som e so f;~.nio~ls lr, ;, individual courage arid scouting for Indians and there was plen- lighting ability as the Texas rangers . ty of signs, but no Indians . The nex t l'Lc f<

directions . Not more than a minute came and simultaneously I heard the after I heard the owl the third time I sharp twang of a bow string followed b y heard another over to the east of me. the thud of an arrow as it struck my I lay still, listening for a repetitionof the saddle under the tree. The next second, sound, that I might tell if possibl e before the flash (lied out, I heard the whether it were really an owl . Th e twang of another bow string, equall y lightning oeeasionlly flamed in zigzag s strong,someevhat in the direection of th e across the black sky . I must have wait- (lark object I had noticed out beyon d ed half an hour, straining my eyes every my horse, and immediately the deatle time the lightning flashed, when all, a t yell of an Indian ,just north of the tre e once I heard the scream of the deat h tinder which I had been lying . I heard bird overhead . From the sound of it s him groan several time,;. more and more cry it seemed to have been sitting on on e feebly. Still I saw nothing to shoot at . of tile topmost limbs, and cried as it 'The fact that one Indian hall shot an- started to fly away. a s I could tell by th e other Indian filled me with wonder . I long drawn ont wailing sound . [nuncdi- 'as uoev anxious to get closer to my ately after this cry at flash of lightnin g hors('. and while debating what was bes t filled tile whole river bottom with a to do . I again heard a gentle whinne y white blinding Iights and I expecte d front Ihitn, followed by a very low every second to receive a shower of ar- et histle which well nigh brought me t o rows in my body front some band o f my feet . To no other human being lurking savages, but the Iiggltt faded and could that whistle belong except to In- the same intense darkness succeeded . dian Jinn. 1 gave a low whistle. No Hastily placing my blanket and slicker answer. I then began to crawl in th e on top of my saddle, so as to look lik e direction during periods of darkness and a man, I made sure that my sixshoote r finally reached hint where he lay a little was safely in its belt ;then )tagging my distance front my horse, just where I rifle to my bosom, I rolled noiselessl y had seen the (lark object-for it was away front the tree down the slight de- really Indian Jim lying there in th e cline of the valley to the south in the op- lushes, and yet I had been only waiting posite direction front which I had heard for the n(ixt flash of lightning to shoo t the first owl. Whenever a flash of hint, had the twang of the bow strin g lightning came I stopped and remaine d not stopped me . After a close hand- perfectly still until darkness came agai n clasp we lay still as death for more than In Ihis way I got perhaps 100 feet fron t an hour. waiting and watching for signs the tree ;then stpped till-need my head so of hostile Indians . Then in low whis- as to watch both directions from which I Icrs he told me that he had reached th e had heard the shootin of tile owls,and river late that night and had accidentl y waited. selected this place to camp, withou t Almost before I had stopped rolling I knowing I was there. It was the sigh t heard a low whinney front my horse . of Indian .1int that caused my horse t o This surprised mme, for during the si x tvIiinney so unexpectedly. We spent years I had ridden hint I It ad never the remainder-of the night there in th e known hint to do such a thing before . hushes, fearing to move Zest there might A Ranger's horse seems to know instinc- he more Indians near. tively that it must be quiet 'lien its was- .1t daylight 'e walked in the direc- ter is camped at night in dangerous ter- tion from which we had heard the In- ritory. So T strained lily eyes harde r dian yell and found a big Comanch e than ever in that. direction, waiting fo r with .line's arrow sticking through hi s the next flash of ligliIning to shot- m e (lest from front to back . Examining some new danger ; but the next flash the dunntty f left under the tree, w e c, .me and I saw nothing . A minute found the l ;ontanc•h e's arrow had gone after I got into my new position ther e clean through the heavy slicker and tw o came a vivid flash and I barely made out . folds of blanket and had embedded it- some dark object beyond my horse . I t self deep into my saddle-a shot that was too indistinct to risk it shot at, as that would certainly have killed me i f the flash of my rifle would disclose m y had not been warned by the death bir d position to the Indians if they were near . in time to move. It was the Comanch e I glued my eyes on this object-intend- who had hooted first, hoping some of hi s ing to watch it very closely the next tribe iniglit be near ; but instead be had time the lightning calve . Then the flash received an answer from Indian Jim .

00 FRO NT TIER TIMES . The Lipan Indian Tribe .

Among the Indian tribes whose friend- missing. Several (lays later these me n sip for the white settlers in Texas wa s were discovered it, Segitin . They had s'~eadfa:it :old t'aithfiiI, was the tribe o f Flacco's horses and blankets . It needed Lipans of which Flacco was the chief . only a little investigation to find tha t This tribe was not of the more nrtni- the Indians had been murdered by thei r erous of the Indian communities-it wa s treacherous white allies . When the dead just the other way ; it was a small tribe . bodii-s of the Indians scouts were discov- "lit it w,, ., a valnahle ally of the settlers ered I he other members of the part y a nmid oil IWO'e, pain oat(, occasion gave vol, were grieved and outraged . Moreover, lout as.i'tance to the hard-presses', :.et- they hind cause to feel alarm, for suc h tiers in Iheir frights with the fierce. Coit- treacherous treatment of the son of th e anche tribal chiet' would not he lightly passed Old Chief Flacco had a son, a dashin g by when it carte to the ears of the ol d young fellow who was the bravestt of hi s chief himself . The Lipans were goo d tribe. He assumed a place in alto tril) e friends, but they could he good enemies , next to Iris father. and his friendship fo r and Ilie settlers feared that such an oe- the settlers was loyal . As evidence of eurenee was just the thing to make the m their regard for hint, members of tii e .ech . It is said that when old Flacco Texas government presented hint with a became uneasy over his son's continued colonel's uniform . The gift included a absence and began to inquire longingl y ,racy cocked hat with a brilliant phonic for news of the expedition in which hi s and a sword . Then the Texas govern- son had enlissted, and at last had letter s ment bestowed on young Flacco the titl e written to Gen . Burleson and Presiden t "colonel ." These distinctions pleased Houston. lie was told that his youn g the young Indian immensely, and lie brave had been murdered by the Mex- used to ride into Austin decked out i n icalt bandits . President Houston lent t o his uniform and sitting up very straigh t this fabrication the dignity of his officia l oil his horse, with his sword clanking b y statement, and along with the story o f his side. One of the men at the captia l young Flacco's death he sent condol- taught him to write his name and h e ences to. the chiief of the Lipans, took pride in writing it on every possibl e "friends of the white men ." Senor occasion . lie alwaws wrote his signa- Antonio Navarro, a friend in whom th e tnre in Spanish fashion, "Flacco, col- Lipans had unbounded confidence, help- Oncl . " ed tile settlers by sending the old chie f All expedition against :Mexico was or- a statement corroborating the rumor . ganized in the stunner of 15 .12, an d Perhaps it took much temporizing with a young h'laeco was engaged to serve a s consoienee of) the part of Oen . Housto n scout. Ile took with him a fellow tribes- and members of his government to brin g man, a deaf ;mid dumb Indian whos e the official administration of the state t o sense of sight was marvelously develop- do this lie. But it seemed the wisest ed. and the two Lipans acted as scout s plan, for nobody but the two ruffian s and spies for the army. They rendered who perpetrated the murder had ever valuable service and received their share dreamed of doing ill to the clashing an d of spoils taken in various battles alon g loyal young Indian prince. Certainly i t the Rio (Trande. When the army i•each- seemed useless to stir the tribe of war- ecl Laredo . some numbers of the part y riors into a frenzy of rage in which man y deoidccl to return home, and the Indian s innocent persons would he victim s accompanied them . Each member o f whatever became of the actual murder- the party was laden with booty, guns, ers is not recorded . ainnuinition, blankets and horses. When One of the interesting fights in which they reached the Jledina river Flacco' s the 1,ipans were banded in with the white do:!t' and dumb comrade was taken sick settlers against the Comanches took and the two stopped to rest until he im- place in the winter of 1.839, and is record- proved . '1'he other members of the pared in the history of Indian depredation s ty went on . The following morning th e in Texas as the San Saba fight . In this leader of the party, which had proceede d case it appears that the Lipans stirred several miles front the spot where the the whites into action to gain an advan- Indians were left, note(] that two mem- tage for themselves. Some Lipau scouts bers of his party, both white men, were discovered a camp of the rival tribe on

FRONTIER TIMES 23

the San Gabri,Nl, fifty miles from Austin . wounded warrior and ran him throug h and the Lipans realizing that their forc e with a lance. He tried to scalp him bu t was too weak to risk an attack on num- the Comanches were coming at a fur- erous Comanches, hurried to the whit e ious charge so he caught up the falle n settlement,s tQ report the discovery and shield of the dead Indian and rushe d volunteer their assistance to the settlers. back to the ravine . Finally the Com- The Texans were very glad to have th e anches withdrew and never got withi n help of their Indian allies, for ther e range of the rifles again . were no garrisons in the vicinity at the They slipped around the camp of th e time, and a camp of Comanche Indian s party, took the horses of the white men , meant constant peril to the settlements . leaving the worst of their horses instea d Preparations were made to engage with and galloped away. the Comanches. A party was organize d and Col. John H . Moore was given com- Old Dances in Vogue mand . Small companies were raised , both in La Grange and Bastrop, makin g Reports are coming from mountain re- a total of about 60 fighting men, in addi- sorts, and from the se? ~shore that ol d tion to the Indian allies . When this square dances and the Virginia reel arc party reached the San 0abriel the Com- very much in favor, and 1h, secret i s anche canip was found deserted ; they that they permit of so tnuclt grace an d had moved. For three • days scoutin g poise . Southern people of the old schoo l parties were trying to locate the enemy, and those trained by such mothers Mill and in the meantime a severe norther he glad to hear this . with frost came, and some of the horse s Who would not like to h . ar the old «•ere frozen to death . A gun was acei- colored fiddler call out the figures as o f dently discharged and severely wounde d yore ? one of the men. On the fourth day th e .Some one away out in the West mad e storm calmed, but there was snow on th e a rhyme of many of the calls . These are ground, and it seemed impossible to fol- suing in rhythm and when the dancer s low the Comanches . Finally their camp ;ire good ones the dancing is a picture of was discovered and the attack was mad e perfect rhythmic motion . The call is eu- at daybreak on the fifth day . The In- title "('heat or Swing," and is a perfec t dians were sleeping and the volley o f riot of movement, absolutely differen t musketry which poured into their lodge s to jazz, but quite as jolly . awakened them to a panic . half-awake , the Indians were running in all direc- "Git yer little sage liens ready, tions, the shrill shrieks of the squaw s Balance, all an' do se do, rent the air, and the camp was in fright- Swing your girls an' run away ; ful disorder. The white men and thei r Right and left an gents sasshay Lipan allies were in the midst of the pan- ; ic, clubbing Comanches and firing a t (lentk to right an' swing or cheat ; close range . Just at this stage of attac k ()it to next gal an' repeat ; Col . Moore ordered a retreat and the at- Balance next and don't be shy, tacking party was thrown into ccnifusion . Swing your pard an' swing her high . for sonic obeyed the order and some di d Bunch the gals and circle 'round , not. The Comanches gnnickly realize d \Vliack yer feet until they sound, the situation and rallied their forces an d Form a basket. Break away, drove their assailants back to a ravin e Swing and kiss an' all git gay. where they took refuge. Tile Comanche s All men left an' balance all, made a charge to drive them from this Lift yer hoofs and let 'em fall. ravine, when the leader of the charge, who was in advance of the others, wa s Swing yer opposites . Swing agin. promptly cut down by a bullet . The Kiss the sage hens if you kin . ether Indians rushed forward to rescu e Rack to pardners do se do, their wounded leader but the firing fro m All jine hands an' off and go . the ravine was steady and continous an d Gents serlute yer little sweets , no rescuer ever reached him. He lay hitch and prontenande to seats . " there firing arrows upward for severa l minutes, and many of these arrows fell Single copies of this Magazine, 15c . among the ambushed party in the ravine . Yearly subscriptions $1 .50. Strictly cash At last a young Flacco rushed out to th e in advance. 24 FRONTIER TIME S The Hunt for the Bowie Mine in Menard By John Warren Hunter Tn 1756 the Franciscan Missionaries tinuously explored every hill, valley, erected the San Saba Mission on th e creek, rivulet and cliff in Menard county north hank of the San Saba river, on e and even today the man with a "chart " mile above the site whereon now stands mysterious in wording and dubious i n the flourishiin, town of Menard . At the form, and the man with the mineral rod stove bole they built a mission four mile s guaranteed to find the metal "if used below the San Saba mission on the sout h according to directions"-these may bank of the river . A year later thi s he found digging, delving and exploring mission was destroyed .by the indians, the Menard hills, and out-of-the-way but the tipper mission continued to en- places, seeking to locate the "Los t barge and flourish until 1790, when i t Mine. " was also attacked and destroyed by th e Twenty years ago, even later, these Indians. Somelime during the occu- charts of the old Bowie mine were al- pancy of this mission the Spaniards dis- most as plentiful as mining experts . covered and developed a silver mine At one period the "chart" business be- which was said to be of exceeding rich- came a flourishing industry and San ness and which, in the end, led to th e Antonio was headnnarters for the man- downfall of the mission and the close o f ufacturers. Shrewd men took advan- niissionary effort in the San Saba coun- tage of the credulity of mine hunters try. There has always existed a doubt i n and coined nioney. They secured a cer- the public mind as to whether the Span- tain good quality of parchment paper , iards ever discovered a silver mine o n and with pen and ink drew up a "chart " the banks of the San Saba . Geologist s purporting to be a map of the localit y find no indications that would warran t sought and when finished (half ltour's even a remote supposition that silve r work) it revealed a creek or branch, a had ever existed in paying qualities any- few trees here and there, one or two where in all that region, yet notwith- large boulders, and a few other lan d standing all this, history and traditio n marks. On at tree was a Ronian cross , attest the existence of a _silver mine s o barely discernable, on a. boulder, an ar- often referred to by old Spanish chroni- row pointing, supposedly to the forme r clers as "La Mina de las Almagres, " entrance to the mine : somewhere on the and "La :11ina de las Amarillos," and i n ace of the document appeared a (late , modern tines as "the Bowie Mine . " for instance "1786", this to add to it s According to tradition, when the mis- appearance of age . Then there were a sion was destroyed in 1790 every vestige few words, only a few, written down a t of the mine was removed by the Indian s various places on the sheet . Usually and thereafter its location became only these were Spanish verbs, such as "ha- a tradition until sonic forty years later ter, " "hallo,'' " conoeido, " etc., discon- when, through the friendship of th e nected and mea ninnless . This documen t Apaches James Bowie became possesse d was then subjected to a certain tempera- of the secret and in 1832 organized an ture in the stove and when it came out of expedition in San Antonio for its recov- the hot air chamber, it bore all the ea r ery and development . The battle of marks of the extreme age and, oftimes, Calf creek, where Bowie encountered a dilapidation . large force of Indians, defeated the ob- These ebartmakers were ever on th e ject of this expedition . Bowie returne d alert for these mine hunters and of th e to San Antonio, became a leader in th e latter there has never been a dearth . Texas Revolution, fell in the Alani o Around the corner somewhere, these butchery, and the secret of the "Bowi e sharpers had an old Mexican, probably Mine" went down with him . several, "staked out.," and when they Since the days of Bowie, the searc h found a victim lie was told in glowin g for the Almagres mine has been prose- terms of the "Lost Bowie Mine," on th e cuted with a vigor and persistency sel- San Saba, its untold riches, and all dom equaled in the annals of minin g about how it came to be lost . "In this history in Texas . For nearly sevent y town," they would say, "lives an old years prospectors, mine seekers and th e Mexican who, when a young man, work- hunters for hidden treasure have cou- ed for the Spaniards in the Bowie mine,

FRONTIER TIMES 25

and when the Indians destroyed the invested $1500 in machinery with whic h mine and massacred the miners this ol d he pumped out a cave discovered on th e man escaped and came to San Antoni o divide north of the old mission . Failing where he made a complete map of th e to find the coveted mine at this point mine and vicinity, expecting to go hac k the machinery was moved and set up o n there some day, but misfortune followed , the margin of a small artificial lake just and now he is too old and feeble to make above the town of Dienard, and a fe w the journey . Why any little child could hundred yards south of the old Mission take it and go right to the mine . Sell it ' ruins. Somebody had a "chart" and Very doubtful . Ile holds it as sacred, al- there could he no mistake . The Span- thougli with a great deal of diplomacy iards had created this pond or lake for a and plenty of money, lie might he in- purpose. Into it led the old canal, whic h duced to part with the precious docu- remains to this clay, taken out at the ol d ment. " Spanish dam just above the mission . The This was only a prelude to the nego- Almagres (Bowie) mine entrance was at tiations which nearly always ended in a the bottom of this lake, which had bee n trade. and the victim paid-according to flooded by the Spaniards at. the last mo- his means-from $25 to *500 for a nient. Such was the argument of the "clun•t " which was no more, no less , man who owned the "chart" and his ar- than a sheet of wortliless paper . Armed gument prevailed to the extent that th e with this document, the proud possesso r machinery was put in motion, and th e set out for Menard while golden vision s lake pumped dry . Everybody and hi s of untold wealth nerved him for any lol l folks got all the fish they could carry off and hardship that might be in store . and that was the only result of the cost- Numbers of these deluded men hav e ly enterprise . come to me with their "charts" fresh Many years ago a man with a smal l from the "factory" and asked me t o crucible and a "chart" came along an d translate Ilie mysterious words that were in company with two or three prominen t written therein . When I explained that: citizens of Menard drove out on a small these words were disconnected an d tributary of the San Saba, where by th e meaningless, they would get mad and aid of his "chart" lie located the mine . cuss, and tell me to my face that I di d At his request and to show a spirit o f not know any more about the Spanish fairness, one of his companions gathere d language than a bat, and when I woul d up a few rocks from the stony surfac e tell them where these charts were mad e of the ground and carried them back t o and how i hey, the purchasers, had been town for further use . That evening i n duped and victimized they called me a the presence of these and other gentle- d-d fool . men, these rocks were placed in the cru- 13ttt the poor, credulous, tramp min e cible and subjected to intense heat an d prospector was not the only one led of f presto! a large per cent of the pure by the lure of the Lost Nline . There were ])right, gleaming silver! Other tests ware others, among whom were men of made, other trips made to the same lo- wealth and noted for their high attain- cality. other liimest.one rocks hrou'ght i n ments in business and in professions . by different -parties and all these "sam- Ben F. Gooch, a one-time wealthy stock- ples" yielded an enormous per cent o f mail at Mason, was so sure that he had pure silver. Before that time the see- found the Bowie mine that lie spen t lion of land oil which this vast silver $1500 sinking a shal't., a deep hole in th e wealth was found went begging for a ground, which its yet pointed out a s buyer at 50 cents an acre. When the "(.pooch's Folly." \\Bil e sinking th e visiting stranger with his sleight-of-hand shaft great secrecy was maintained , his Bandy pocket change, consisting o f visitors were not allowed around, an d dimes, quarters and half dollars, and hi a when the work was abandoned an Irish- little crucible, carne along and made suc h man who had toiled last in the shaft wa s wonderful revelations, men ran river asked if lie ever fount anything of valu e each other to buy that section of land , in that hole in the grotntd . "Only a plu g and it is needless to say that the < gen t of tobacey, sor, that sonic poor divil le t was located in Dienard and got it bi q fall adowin' the shaft!" AA distinguishe d price for the property. Nor is it un- lawyer, now on the beucli in the Suprem e fair to state that the stranger with hi s Court, spent $500 in another hole in th e legerdemain, his pocket chal>!ge and hi s ground in Menard, while 1V . T. Burnam portable crucible was the real owner of 26 FRONTIER TIME S

that particular section of land on Silve r seen so many failures, yet, were they dis- Mine creek, but this, fact of owner,hiip posed they could everlastingly boost th e he failed to impart at that time to hi s Lost Aline proposition, more than doubl e auditors. His agent at Mason did th e the influx of mine seekers and prospec- rest. tors thereby adding immensely to thei r A man by the name of Fischer, a typi- revenues, hu tt they are honest-too hon- cal old-time mining prospector, cam e est to encourage men to spend thei r along in the early 90's and pried ii, money in the search for the Bowie min e rocks and things in general around in llenard. Menard. He came up from San An- tonio where he had paid a large sum fo r a "chart." When he reached Menard I Reaches 27th Volume. don't think he had a dollar, but some- The twenty-seventh volume of th e body with money__ and probably land t o Southwestern Historical Quarterly be- sell, i;taked him and lie buckled down t o gins with the July number, recently is- work. Ile it was that had the lake tined at Austin. Its editors are proud o f pumped out as his contention, based o n the record made, as there has been no in- the heiroglyphics of his "chart," wa s terruptiorn of its regular publication dur- that the lake concealed the mouth of th e all these years. tnimol extended back to the mine unde r The interesting memoirs of Major the high hill or mountain, at whose bas e George Bernard Erath, continued from the sheet of water nestled . The pump- two preceding numbers, combine in on e ing of the lake having failed to revea l section surveying and Indian fighting ; in any excavation that looked like a minin g another -they present "The Expedition t o tunnel, Fischer next turned his attentio n the Rio Grande, ITnder General Somer- to tile top of the hill . The mine was i n vell, and the Battle of Mier, 1842: " the bowels of that mountain . Off thi s The Bryan-Hayes correspondence i s there could be no doubt. Correctl y continued -from December 30, 1877, the translated his "chart" said so, and th e letters being from Colonel Bryan . This old Mexican who prepared that char t correspondence seems to have been pre- knew what he was talking about because served with special care on the part of he had worked in that mine under the Hayes, and it is a matter of regret tha t Spaniards. Of course! But Fischer di(L the frequent removals of Colonel Bryan , not pause to ascertain the fact that in Ioggelher with damage by storms, con- 1790, the last Spaniard was killed or ex- tributecl to prevent the presentation of pelled from that region. more of the l [ayes letters . Fischer erected derricks and wind- "The Negotiation of the Gadsden lasses, employed hands and went about Treaty." by .1 . Fred hippy, is a reveal- sinking aa shaft from the top of tha t ing exposition of the diplomatic proceed- mountain, and after having gone down a ings which resulted in establishing dis- great way, the got one of his fingers bit- puted boundary lines and linking togeth- ten of in a pulley, went away to have itt er the t;estern possessions of the United treated and never showed up any more . Mates. The -writer is thoroughly conver- I have mentioned only a few of th e sant with his subject, and throws ligh t hundreds of instances wherein men hav e upon dark places in a transaction o f expendedd a vast amount of toil an d the utmo:at importance, yet one wit h treasure vainly seeking the Bowie min e which the general public is but slightly in Menard county, and be it said to the acquainted. credit of the people of that section, the y Among the features of the annual have never attempted to exploit that as- meeting of the Texas State Historical As- set, if' such it may be called, merely fo r o,ociation was the appointment of a com- ga n, althou ;h it has been the means o f mitlee to urge the organization of count y bringing thousands of dollars into th e i istorical societies, the report of thi s country by those who sought to locat e committee under the title, "A Plea fo r the Almagres mine . One will scaree h ( 'Oll) l y" I1LStorICa1 Societies, " covers hind a man ill Alenard who believes tha t nearly hree pages of the report, and i s there ever w

FRON TIER TMES 27

"Opening a Highway to the Pacific , town of Richland Springs now is, oi l 1838-1846," by James Christy Bell. Jr. , Richland Creek . The company after- contributed by George Verne Blue of th e wards went into camp at Old Camp Sa n University of California, is a criticis m Saba, between Brady and Mason . This expressing approval of some features , company of mounted nien, with thei r strong disapprobation of others. own fighting equipument, was mustere d Tile names of new members elected at into the Confederate Army in 1863, an d the annual meeting-37 in all-and th e retained their individual equipment nn- treasurer's report, complete the volume. tit mustered out of the army. Col. Me- Tile. death of Judge Zachary Taylo r Cord commanded the regiment and N . Fulmore, one of the founders of the asso- D. McMilliu was couilmny commande r ciation having, occurred on June 23 a t with T. 1'. C. Hambriek and James Me- Austin, a page in the quarterly was se t Dowel lieutenants ; Dr. Hansford was the aside for a brief record of his faithful company physician . At the close of the service in furthering the interests of th e war this company was mustered out a t association, his official positions, and con- Velaseo, at the mouth of the Brazos tributions to the quarterly. River. Descendants of these men make lip a RANGER OF THE SIXTIE S large percent of the citizenry of Sa n Saba, Mason . LlaNo and Burnet coun- W. T. Linn, aged 82, Texas Ranger o f ties. Mr. Linn believes Lewis Mulkey, the fi0's and Confederate veteran with a Charles Vandiver and William Seawoo d commendable record, is a citizen of Sall, are the only living men besides hinlsr.lI' Saba and one of a very few Texas Rang- of the memorable company. ers living who made up that noted frontier company that was organized at the Pioneer Is Dead . outbreak of the Civil War and was com- August ('line, 90 years old, one of the posed of men from San Saba, Mason , best known pioneers of Texas and found- Llano and Burnet counties . er of the town of Cline, Uvalde comit y Mr. Linn recalls the following me n (tied in Cline, Sunday, September 9 . The from San Saba county ; J. B. Pyatt, B. M. body was interred at San Antonio in the Hamrick, T . F. Hamrick, B . Gammentha- National Cemetery . ler, W. T. Linn, Bell Linn, Henry Farrer , Mr . Cline, who was a native of Prus- A. J . I ubbert, Allen Taylor, J . A. Tay- sia, came to the United States at an early lor, Henry Woods, A. J. Brown, R . U . age. lie was a companion and co-work- Binnion, Joe Hanna, Jack Hanna, Dick er with IKit Carson in the early days of Nelson,, Tom Potts, Lewis Mulky . B. G. the New Mexico Indian campaign . lie Cook, John Hall . served as a scout for the United State s Burnet County : Army, working under many famous gen- First Lieutenant Woods. Newt Lawler , erals of the array. 111r. ('line was chie f Mose Bolt, Zan Fisher. William Stokes , scout for General McKenzie in his last Zane Stokes, Charles Vandiver, John Ol- campaign against the Indians in Wester n ney, William Seawood . Sam Olney, Joh n Texas. Aultman, Joe Aultman, Thomas Fry , Not only did he take an active part : n William Brooks, William Bauntley, A l the campaigns of tile United St atcs Brooks, Dr. Iansford, Bill Standifer, against the uncivilized Indians, but Mr . Jake Standifer . Tonl Wolf . Rickman Hol- ('line hail several personal encounters . land, .Jeff Bresbeale, Robert Flippen , The story is told of how, lie, alone . re- Duke Snow . Matt Allen, John Lord, Ji m pulsed ;in attack by the Indians, killin g Ward, Scott Pankey. one and putting the remainder to flight . Mason County : John 0. Ilair, Jame s In addition to serving the army as a Crosby, Robert Gayness, Thomas Lind- scout, Mr. (.'line served in the arm y sey, Kit Woods . thirty years, being retired from the Llano County : Code Charles Haynes, Fourth Cavalry as a sergeant . lie also Ben Gibson, John Russell, Hardin Rus- was one of the first pons: express riders , sell, Robert Hardin, Cal Putman, Lib carrying mail between Tucson . Ariz., and Rainbolt, Nathan Noble, Brooks an d California, and was present at the tim e Banker, whose first names he has forgot- the "Golden Spike" connecting time U . ten . 11 . & S. A . and S. P. railroads, was driv- The company went into camp on th e en. For 40 years, he was postmaster a t Hall ranch, three miles from where the the town of Clime .

29 FRONTIER TIME S

Remarkable Life Story of (luanah Parke r

QuanAh Parker, the celebrated Co- at the mercy of the most dreaded of all manche chief, who died suddenly at hi s foes-the terrible Comanches. home on the Comanche reservation fou r May 18,1836, the fort was occupied by miles west of Cache, Okla., Feb. 23, 1911 , 1?Ids c John W . Parker, the patriarch o f had a most remarkable history . Parke r the colony, and his wife, his sort, Jamee s was the son of Peta Nocona, one of th e W. Parker, and his wife and four chil- most ferocious and daring Comanch e dren ; Ren,janiiii Parker, unmarried sort ; chiefs known in the annals of India n another son, Silam M . Parker, his wife warfare ; his mother was Cynthia Anti and four children, named Cynthia Ann , Parker, a white woman of a pious and aged 9 years (tile mother-to-be of Quan- God fearing family that lived nea r alt Parker) ; John, aged 6 years (who Groesbeck, Limestone County, Texas , was also captured) Silas Parker, Jr . , where she was captured in 1836 by a aged two years (the father of Mrs . R. band of Comanches and Kiowas led by 11 . lliis,i•l I .) anti Baby Orlena . (Hhers Peta Nocona . At, tite time of his death in the fort ad related to the Parkers Quanah Parker was 67 years old, havin g were L . M. T. Plummer, his wife and so n been horn iii 1844, eight years after th e James, aged 2 years ; L . D. Nixon, hi s capture of his mother by his father . wife. Robert, a grown son, and anothe r I'riorto 1847 when the Comanche tribe s son : G . E. Dwight, his wife and two chil- were compelled to live on reservation s dren, and Mrs . Duty and Mrs . Elizabet h prescribed by the Federal Government , Kellogg . Parker's life had been spent amon g Oil the morning of Thursday, May 19 , scenes of rapine and bloodshed, an d 1836, James W . Parker, Plummer an d many deadly struggles had he wilrie .'s- -Nixon went to work early in the fields cd and participated in between the re d about a . mile from the fort without sus- race of his father and the. white race t o pecting that a large body of Indians was which his mother belonged . near at hand. About 9 o'clock in th e The story of Quanah Parker's lif e morning this band of Indians appeare d really begins with the emigration fron t at the gate of the stockade and made in- Cole County, Illinois, to Texas in 1833 , quiries of a place to camp where ther e of his mother's grandfather, John 1V . was water. Benjamin F . Parker wen t Parker, and tier father, Silas Dl. Parke r out to talk with them, when they also and numerous relatives who seltletl i n demanded a beef. Parker returned t o Limestone County, on the west side of tile fort and said the Indians were in a n 1 ho Navasota River, and near the pre- ugly mood and he believed they mean t sent site of the town of Groesbeck . There to fight . However he went out to theta were nine families in the I'iirker colony . again to offer then) a beef and endeavor They began their new home by clearin g to pacify then) . As soon as lie appear- land and constructing habitations, whic h ed he was set upon and killed, and th e they surrounded with stockade, as wa s Indians, yelling and whooping, made a customary fur protection in the pionee r dash for the gate of the stockade . There days. This set.tlemtent was called Park- i •nsued a despi •ratc tight in which Elder er's Fort, and was on the outskirts o f John Parker, Silam Dl . Parker (father o f white settlement in tile northwest part Cynthia. Ann) Samuel M. Frost and of the State. The colony remained in I- nI crl Vrost were also killed, and firs . peace and happiness, clearing land, John Parker and Mr.. Duty wounded . planting crops and living on the bounti- Mrs. L. 1). Nixon escaped front th e ful supply of wild game, until the begin- stockade and made her way to her hus- ning of the war of 1836 . when rumors o f band and two companions in the -fiel d the approach of Mexican forces atni.t and inlorinvd them of the massacre . One Indian allies caused them to :ice :o th e of these rode hurriedly to a settlemen t settlements on the Trinity river fo r about two miles distant, where were i t safety . However, alter (leateraI llous- this time David Faulkenberry and a son ; ton'r victory at San Jacinto they return- ,.; Mitt", and a b y nau)ed Abra m ed to Fort Parker, and were again i n Awriiri. These nte)a went to the fort whil e possession of their forrest homes an d the Indians withdrew, taking with the m care free, little dreaming that within a tile two children of Silam M . Parke r short time a cruel fate would put them Cynthia Anti and John ; Mrs. L. M. T.

FRONTIER TIMES 29

Plummer and her voting son, James, an d fire cooking and eating as was thei r Mrs. Elizabeth Ttellogs•. wont. (1f these enntives . Mrs. l~elloan fell i n "About midnight," said Captain Pitts , the hands of the Keechis . from whom sh e "T was awakened by hearing some on e calling W a_s pi rohased by the Delawares and : `Bee]! Bed !' and I recognized i t they took her to N'aeoedoches, wher e as the voice of Charlie, a young chief o f she was ransomed by General Sam ITous- the 'Tonks' who afterwards became hea d ton for $150 about six months after he r chief when Placidn was killed . Without eantnre. opening my eye,, T called out : `What do Mrs. Plummer was ransomed by Wil- yon want, Charley?' Charley was quite liam Donohne, Santa Fe trader, in th e near me and lie replied : `Bee], here Com- latter mart of 1817 and was delivered t o anche ; d- good ; eat 'em .' I opened 1io-r relatives in 1837 . James Pratt Plum- my eyes and by the light of the fire Saw mer, the child, was ransomed at For t suspended over my face a thing that Gibson in 1842. John and Cynthia An n looked like a huge tarantula, while Char- Parker were separated, John bein g ley kept repeating : `Comanche ; d- transferred to another hand of Coman- good ; eat.' I found it was the hand of ches, and until the battle of Pease River, a Comanche that had been broiled on th e between the Comanches and Texas Rang- coals. The interruption woke inc for ers under Captain L . S . Ross in 1,960, th e good and I went over to the camp fire , Parker children had not been hear d where I saw the `Tonks' had a lot o f from• except once . about. four years af- hand, and feet of the slain Comanches, ter the capture, when Cynthia Ann wa s which they were broiling and eating. I seen with a hand by a party of traders . had a `goneness' worse than Charley 's , Tn 1858 the Comanches again bega n but T didn't eat . " to raid and pillage the settlers extensive- In September, 1858, another battl e ly in the territory of Jack, Parker an d was fought in the Wichita mountain s Palo Pinto counties . Many settlers were near the present site of Quannah Park- killed and their houses burned before er's home between llie Comanches an d Colonel John S . Ford-"Old Rip"-wa s some United States troops under th e sent after them with his rangers. Tn command of Major Van Dorn and a com- May, 1858, Colonel Ford, Captain S . P. pany of Indian scouts under the com- Ross and Captain W . A . Pitts with a inand of Captain L. S. Ross. In this battle a young white girl was capture d company of a hundred Rangers ancd ac- whose name or parents were never dis- companied by about a hundred Tonka- covered way Indians under the command of th e . She was taken in the ]ionic of Captain Ross and given the name of Liz- celebrated chief Placido, pursued th e zie ]toss Comanches, led by old Iron Jacket an d . 'I'hese battles with the Coman- Peta Nocona, the father of Quanah ches in 1556 served to keep them from raiding the white settlements for tw o Parker, and on May 12, met them in th e years. Antelope Hills, on the South Canadia n River, where a big fight took place, i n In 1860, however they began again i n , flee ,;im :' territory . Governor llouston, which the Comanches were defeated t i chaste>.c them, authorized Captain L . but Pet a Nocona and his wife, Cynthi a S Ann, who was in the battle escaped . . Ross to raise a special company o f Captain Billy Pitts, who was a lieu- Rangers for the purpose . He got to- tenant in Ross' ompany in this figh t Rctlii'r forty men, and aided by a detach- tells an amusing incident of the battle o f ment of 20 United States ssoldiers and Antelope Hills. The Tonkaways, wh o a company of volunteers under Captain .lade t.'ureton of no,,tnc county, marched were the confederates of the Texans , were hereilary foes of the Comancles , agailist them. They came upon the main and they were, as was the case in s -iver- body under Peta Nocona on the Peas e al other tribes, accustomed to celebrat- River on Dee. 18, 1860, and engaged iu a ing their victories by roasting and eat- band-to-Band fight . Peta Nocona with a ing the hands and feet of their slain ad- girl behind Ruin alul Cynthia Awl on an- o0 I t~: n versaries. ()n the night after the bat- :er horse, ith a child 2 years old i d her arm,. ilc,l froth the battlefield pur- tle of Antelope Hills, Captain Pitt sai t that lie and the other Rangers vi'e ,uc.l by Captain Boss and Lieutenan asleep on the ground near the tulip fife. hiliiiu•r r :i1d after running about a mile , ciip1need l' ~nlhia Ann, while ( ;obtain with their heads resting on their saddles . Final- while the Toukaways were around th e Buss, kept on after Peta Noeona 30 FRONTIER TIM S

ly the girl behind Peta was killed by a was a great believer in education, and shot, and she, in falling from the horse , several of his fifteen children had the pulled Peta also . Peta, as the momen- advantage of a college education . One tum carried Ross by him, let go several of his daughters, 1\eda is the wife of A . arrows, but missed Ross, who by a chanc e (". Birdsong, a United States Indian shot, broke the Indian's arm and after- agent at Cache, whose father . Hon. J. L. wards fired two shots in his body. It Birdsong, was a member of the Texas was soon discovered that the woman Legislature from Harrison County . captured by Kelliher was a white wo- Quanah Parker had three wives, the man from her blue eyes, there being no favorite, it is said, being the daughter of other indication, neither could she spea k Yellow Bear, who died from asphyxi a a word of her native tongue . tion of gas in the Pickwick hotel at Fort Considerable time elapsed before it Worth in 1885, while she and Qua.n,~.h was known who she was. Finally som e were on a visit to that city . Parker one mentioned the name "Cynthia County is named for the family of Qua- Ann" when she pointed, toward hersel f nah's mother, and Quanah, Hardeman and said, "Cynthia Ann, Cynthia Arm . " County is named for him . Quanah tra- There have been many conflicting veled considerably and acquired much statements as to the time and manner of information about the civilization of the the death of Quanah Parker's father . white race. He was one of nature's On Oct . 21, 1910, Parker made a speec h noblemen, with the philosophic mind o f at the Dallas Fair, in which lie is report- onee who communes with the elements . ed as having stated that his father wa s In his speech at the Dallas Fair, in tell- not killed at the battle of Pease river, ing how he tried to influence his peopl e but (lied several years later. Another ac- to do right, he said : "But some of my count says that Peta Nrocona was not i n Indians no good, same like some white the battle of Pease river, which is whol- men. " ly improbable, since his wife and child TTe was the commander and leader of were captured at that fight . One ac- his people in all things . Some years ago count says that Peta, refusing to sur- a Methodist campmeeting was held nea r render after being shot, and, endeavor- his home, which was atteended by thou- ing to strike Captain Ross with a spea r sands of Comanches and other Indians . was killed by a Mexican interprete r One of his daughters importuned him t o 16th the Texas forces . ,join the church of his mother's God . Captain W. ~V Pitts had often talke d When the time came for sinners to go t o with Captain L . S. Ross (later genera l the mourner's bench he arose, and tak- in the Confederate army and Governo r ing his hat waved it aloft, .and telling hi s of Texas) about the fight, and he sai d people to " come on ." He was the lead- that Peta Nocona was killed in it by er and believed that what was good fo r himself. him was good for them also. From the best accounts, it appears that the little daughter of Cynthia Ann , Massacre of the Webster Party . "Prairie Vlower " who was taken with her, died in l5(i4, and Cynthia Ann i n In this number is published an ac- 1870 and was buried in "Foster's grave- count of the massacre of John Webste r yard" in llenderson County. On Dec. and party in 1839 . lie sure to read this 1, 191.0 Quanah Parker removed th e article for in our next issue we will giv e remains of his mother to his home nea r an account of the same occurrence a s Cache, Okla ., and lie now sleeps besid e related by Mrs. Martha Virginia Web- her. ster Simnucms, who was one of the Web- Parker was a remarkable man i n ster children carried off by the Indian s many respects. Of powerful frame, tall at that time . The account we will pub- and of commanding appearance, with a lish next month was written by Mrs . piercing eye, he was the ideal of a war- Simmons a few years ago, when she wa s rior. He was a man of much prudenc e seventy-six years old, and the sad stor y and wisdom and did more than any of this awful tragedy is told in her ow n other red man to pacify those of his race way. She relates incidents of captivit y and encourage them to be contented of her mother and herself, and tells of with the reservation life. At the tim e the cruelty of the savages, and finall y of his death he was the head chief of th e how they escaped and reached San An- Comanche* Kiowas and Apaches . He tonio in an exhausted condition .

FRONTIER TIDIES 31

Belief in the Efficacy of the Maidstone.

Belief in the efficacy of the madstone Panhandle of Texas a ranelunan once as a preventive of hydrophobia is begin- gave twenty-five hea d of cattle and it ning to wane, though there are still man y lien• saddle . intelligent men, sonic of whom are learn- '1' he white tuaii faith in the efficac y ed in science, who believe the applicatio n of tile madst0nc was as strong as th e or the madstone will prevent rabies . lulii ;in's, so far as hydrophobia was eon- The niadstone . according to physician s ccrnt'tl, hilt the settlers never absorbe d who have studied the subject, was firs t the Itreadth of the aboriginal faith in it . used by the Indians. The genuine mad- The !!i Iii n' In lire: i d thr tt:a l tuna to lie stone is a hard substance usually take n a certain curt, not only for !in bite of a front the stow ache of some animal, and i s matt do-, but also for tike tlitc of a snake u nusttally porous, partly became of th e or lit v tar sort of poisonous anima! . fact that it contains strands of hair . Its In this, according to physicians, the formation ill the, deer particularly is due Indians displayed more eoii isleney tha t to a form of indigestion, the animal lick- the whites, for if the nrldstnne is1 good ing up earth with its salt and swallowin g t'or toe sort of an infectious wound, it i s its hair in shedding time . good fcr any. Because of its porosity the ntadston e Of the madsiones in existence undoubt- readily absorbs almost any sort of liqui d edly many are mantit'actured, for whe n and therefore when applied to a fres h the supp!\ becantn small the enterprising cut or s s American took the hunch and started 7 t car. i likely to stick either until mad-lone it saturated or until all the blood in the dietary. The gennitte ma,l- veins and arteries near the sear has bee n stone is easy to du1tlieate . and it was a sucked nut . long time N'in'e ii hit tile Icnuwn tlt ;t t some Of tic iuadsiuut :; in list , \'.•err nut When the stone sticks for a while afte r file. natural sort. 'Those who believe i n being applied and then falls off, the on e the stones, or course are tiorongily een- who has been bitten is supposed to be vueed lha ; no inlstation stout,• can ha\' r sate front evil effects of the wound . good effect . So far as known. according to pbysi- cians, the first use of the ntadstone '1 'he demand for the stone has falle n by «•k ite men was anntug the pioneers off rapidiv since 1 ::,•42, in which year Pas - in the Nest. to•t u• discovered his preveritiVI' c•tire for rahit••• -miscalled In the south central states there is Iiymlrupboliia . Thi s a core often is adulinislered nselessly .ae- tradition that tine stone \\,a-; given to cor Daniel Boone by a member of one of th •. ling to physicians . because of the e popular belief that a mad tribes that formerly lived in Kentucky . doLr should b e gilled as soon as it is seen . The secret was told to the white ma n after he had saved the life of n'u tfcliat i so the story 'goes. Later on the India n Ready For Dinner . was executed by his tribal chief for be- traying the secret. fit 1..''O, Captain ('aldwell, with his It was public among the white the n eotni •a 11y of forty 1111 . 11, v'a>c camped a t after that time, however, and one of' tin e ~aa !'e:iro . 1I'in<*s . 'an :Antonio . "Ol d ,.s lie A%-a ,, familiarly called, wa s first things for any than to do before It" started to move into tile. western wilder .. lc 111 s ;1 a, a ,treat Iii i sit fit tier, and on e tress was to obtain a madstone . Unti l 01111 ninrniug lie received a neatly writ- the middle or la,t century that was fair- ten card which t'cail : ly easy to do, for deer, from the stom- "Mrs, laaulc rcgnests the pleasur e achs of which the stone was must I're- of }.unit. 1,utui,au}' at dinner to b e qucntly obtaitled, Were plentiful . given in your honor . Thursday, 6 About 1550, however, the ntadston r O'clock p . In . " became hard to obtain. and its value ii i the estimation of the settlers increased lll :.Ig ; ne (hc lady's Consternation whe n greatly. Ii reached the point t1 here th e lotto., she beheld "O11 1 people for miles around tvotild emorihrit :• o guns', to a fund, buy one and then take turn s supers rid,' into her yard and dismount , at keeping it . For one tuadstoue iu th i ready for dinner! 32 FRONTIER TIME S

verence and gratitude to their heroic FRONTIER TIME S fathers for the liberty which they hav e PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT BANDERA, TEXA S given them-for the free institutions By J . MARVIN HUNTE R which are the result of their daa'ing . It SUBSCRIPTION $1 .50 PER YEA R is our object to perpetuate this senti- Application will Iemede to enter Frontier Time% in the Postoface a t Bandera, Texas, a% second nines mall matte r ment of gratitude, to keep burning bright the tires upon the altar of patriot- You have before you the first numbe r ism ; succeeding in this our ends will of Frontier Times, a monthly magazine have been accomplished . devoted to Frontier history. Borde r Tragedy and Pioneer Achievement . It We will be glad to receive reminiscen t shall be the object of this magazine fro m sketches from old frontiersmen, and month to month, and from year to year , would urge that every old pioneer sen d to place on record a continuous accoun t in his recollections of tote stirring times of the daring deeds of the heroes of that tried their souls, and thus help t o Texas, and in this we make no claims to supply the missing links of frontier his-

originality of matter. W e have gleane d tory. It may not be possible to publis h from all authentic sources within ou r your sketch in a current number of the reach, interesting and important inci- Frontier Times but in due course of tim e dents which have transpired since the it-will appear. Write in your own style first appearance of the European in and give dates as accurately as possible , Texas to the conclusion of Indian war s and if we find it neccessary we will on our frontiers in which our country- cheerfully correct all grammatical er- men have borne a part . We shall endea- rors. Send in your history. vor to give these incidents in detail and in pleasing form, our aim being to pro- The last type set by Warren G . Hard- duce a magazine of instruction, attrac- in.- has been plated in gold and sent t o tive and popular reading-to embalm i n Washington to be kept with other relics . the memory of Texan youth the sacri- Ile set the type in the composing roo m fices; the patriotism, the heroism, the suf- of the Fairbanks News-Dliner . At that fering and dangers of those to whom w e time lie was presented with a gold make- owe the achievement and preservatio n up rule by printers of interior Alaska . of our freedom . We have had historie s and histories of Texas-good, bad and indifferent-some of them written b y able hands ; but history deals with gener- Trail Drivers' Reunion . al facts-in great achievements and gen- The Old Time Trail Drivers' eral results. Those lesser details- Association will convene at the deeply interesting and thrilling in them- Gunter Hotel ill San Antonio, selves-those personal adventures that October 4th and 5th. rl'liis date go to make up the romance of war, ar e is that set for the Confederate passed by, and only exist as so many Reunion, and although Held at fragments scattered through ephem- different' halls, will afford an op- ereal works, without continuity or rela- portunity for pioneer cattlepien tion. It is the purpose of Frontie r and the old _'onfederate veter- Times to give these form and shape, in an, to get together after session s connection with the important events ailli I['NcIIiln`ge r( miniseenses . which have transpired in the wars of -Many are likewise iuembers o f Texas. That in which any people mos t both organizations . George W. glory is the martial achievements of Satili crs, president of the Ol d their renowned heroes . It has been s o Tune Trail Drivers Association , from the beginning and will continue t o arranged the meeting with th e be for aught we know to the end of ahovve nientioned object in view , time. Search history back to the remot- roil.d states that in all probability est antiquity, and prominent upon its the meeting this year will stir- pages stands the records of great, start- 1>i ss all past conventions of th e ling military achievements . Texans, as us,uciation. lie is arranging a well as all Americans, partake o thi s pleasing program for the enter- universal sentiment . To stimulate it, taiumeut of the members. and to keep it alive in the hearts of our Texan youth will inspire a spirit of re- } la ~} yk C ~/_

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Pioneer History of Bandera County

Seventy-five Years of Intrepid Histor y

WRITTEN BY J. MARVIN HUNTE R

'I'll], hook o1' Iluillin narratives of the earl- settler" of IhlIllll •t'zl ('oIInty e(ultaills near'!}- :311(1 1lundred pats of historie fael . twritten in laheasiu„ style . I t tells of trig dies, mmssaeres, hardships . privations . dangers and straggles of th e pioneers. Nlait}• of theso early se111(•rs are Mill living here lit verity tilt- fit . .' s , iven in this hook .. _\ntasa ('lark ean9• to liiuldera in 1,5 .12 (3eor',te (lay 1•a iiii, il l IS 54. John I'yka eanle in 1855 ; "\eeo Smith located in ill(- county in;+.i6- 1 .it(-Ii Indian, wi'r'e nanleroas and wild l .e ;fists roamed this region I'hew dive intere- .I ill ,-, a('rolints of their i •x lterienees . !'our ehildren will enjoy r('ailin!g the l- ion(',•r Ilislor}' of I3andera Pointy . \\'e have t,nly a few eopies left on hand . which we propose to sell .it oat• dollar per copy . postpaid . ('loth hound . Address al l orders to the hli(I\'I'II':I~ 'I'I\IES . Bandera . 'I'ex ;is.

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TRAIL DRIVERS OF TEXAS COMPILED AND WRITTEN BY J. MARVIN HUNTE R Under Direction of Geo . W. Saunders, President Old Trail Drivers' Ass'n .

Twit \ ollllllr's of Ilistnrv. (•at'h \-oliiilit' 1 •Ilniallllllg .101() pa-Cs. Narratives I)\- the men who "\went 1111 the trail' • to Kansas with catilt' in the sixties, seventies an d ei',:liteis, encountering floods. (' .\.elones. thunder storms, staullit•drs. Indi ;nls. and faein'g all Icintls of danger, stories of real eo\whoys . and told in their o\wn \\.a\. Either wolame colliplete within itself . \Vill he welt to voll, postpaid oil reeeip t of the priee. $:3.11(1 per volume . Adclres s

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