DOCSLIB.ORG

Sitting Bull Tatanka-Iyotanka (1831-1890)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sitting Bull Tatanka-Iyotanka (1831-1890) Brigham Young 1801-1877 After 17 months and many miles of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Utah’s Valley of the Great Salt Lake. Gazing over the parched earth of the remote location, Young declared, “This is the place,” and the pioneers began preparations for the thousands of Mormon migrants who would follow. Seeking religious and political freedom, the Mormons began planning their great migration from the east after the murder of Joseph Smith, the Christian sect’s founder and first leader. Joseph Smith was born in Sharon, Vermont, in 1805. In 1827, he declared that he had been visited by a Christian angel named Moroni, who showed him an ancient Hebrew text that had been lost for 1,500 years. The holy text, supposedly engraved on gold plates by a Native American prophet named Mormon in the fifth century A.D., told the story of Israelite peoples who had lived in America in ancient times. During the next few years, Smith dictated an English translation of this text to his wife and other scribes, and in 1830 The Book of Mormon was published. In the same year, Smith founded the Church of Christ–later known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints–in Fayette, New York. The religion rapidly gained converts, and Smith set up Mormon communities in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. However, the Christian sect was also heavily criticized for its unorthodox practices, which included polygamy. In 1844, the threat of mob violence prompted Smith to call out a militia in the Mormon town of Nauvoo, Illinois. He was charged with treason by Illinois authorities and imprisoned with his brother Hyrum in the Carthage city jail. On June 27, 1844, an anti-Mormon mob with blackened faces stormed in and murdered the brothers. Two years later, Smith’s successor, Brigham Young, led an exodus of persecuted Mormons from Nauvoo along the western wagon trails in search of a sanctuary in “a place on this earth that nobody else wants.” The expedition, more than 10,000 pioneers strong, set up camp in present-day western Iowa while Young led a vanguard company across the Rocky Mountains to investigate Utah’s Great Salt Lake Valley, an arid and isolated spot devoid of human presence. On July 22, 1847, most of the party reached the Great Salt Lake, but Young, delayed by illness, did not arrive until July 24. Upon viewing the land, he immediately confirmed the valley to be the new homeland of the Latter-day Saints. Within days, Young and his companions began building the future Salt Lake City at the foot of the Wasatch Mountains. Later that year, Young rejoined the main body of pioneers in Iowa, who named him president and prophet of the church. Having formally inherited the authority of Joseph Smith, he led thousands of more Mormons to the Great Salt Lake in 1848. Other large waves of Mormon pioneers followed. By 1852, 16,000 Mormons had come to the valley, some in wagons and some dragging handcarts. After early difficulties, Salt Lake City began to flourish. By 1869, 80,000 Mormons had made the trek to their promised land. In 1850, President Millard Fillmore named Brigham Young the first governor of the U.S. territory of Utah, and the territory enjoyed relative autonomy for several years. Relations became strained, however, when reports reached Washington that Mormon leaders were disregarding federal law and had publicly sanctioned the practice of polygamy. In 1857, President James Buchanan removed Young, who had 20 wives, from his position as governor and sent U.S. Army troops to Utah to establish federal authority. Young died in Salt Lake City in 1877 and was succeeded by John Taylor as president of the church. Tensions between the territory of Utah and the federal government continued until Wilford Woodruff, the new president of the Mormon Church, issued his Manifesto in 1890, renouncing the traditional practice of polygamy and reducing the domination of the church over Utah communities. Six years later, the territory of Utah entered the Union as the 45th state. Davy Crockett 1786-1836 Davy Crockett was born on August 17, 1786, in Greene County, Tennessee. In 1813, he participated in a massacre against the Creek at Tallushatchee. In 1826, he earned a seat in the 21st U.S. Congress. He was re-elected to Congress twice before leaving politics to fight in the Texas Revolution. On March 6, 1836, Crockett was killed at the Battle of the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas. Davy Crockett was born as David Crockett on August 17, 1786, in Greene County, Tennessee. He was the fifth of nine children born to parents John and Rebecca (Hawkins) Crockett. Crockett's father taught him to shoot a rifle when he was just 8 years old. As a youngster, he eagerly accompanied his older brothers on hunting trips. But, when he turned 13, his father insisted that he enroll in school. After only four days of attendance, Crockett "whupped the tar" out of the class bully and was afraid to go back lest he face punishment or revenge. Instead, he ran away from home and spent the next three years wandering, while honing his skills as a woodsman. Just before he turned 16, Crockett went home and helped work off his father's debt to a man named John Kennedy. After the debt was paid, he continued working for Kennedy. At just a day shy of 20, Crockett married Mary Finley. The couple would bear two sons and a daughter before Mary died and Crockett remarried to Elizabeth Patton, who gave him another two children. In 1813, after the War of 1812 broke out, Crockett signed up to be a scout in the militia under Major John Gibson. Stationed in Winchester, Tennessee, Crockett joined a mission to seek revenge for the Creek Indians’ earlier attack on Fort Mims, Alabama. In November of that year, the militia massacred the Indians' town of Tallushatchee, Alabama. When his enlistment period for the Creek Indian War was up, he re-enlisted, this time as a third sergeant under Captain John Cowan. Crockett was discharged as a fourth sergeant in 1815, and went home to his family in Tennessee. Back at home, Crockett became a member of the Tennessee State House of Representatives from 1821 to 1823. In 1825, he ran for the 19th U.S. Congress, but lost. Running as a Jacksonian candidate in 1826, Crockett earned a seat in the 20th U.S. Congress. In March of 1829, he changed his political stance to anti-Jacksonian and was re-elected to the 21st Congress. In the next election, he failed to garner a seat in the 22nd Congress. He was, however, elected to the 23rd Congress in 1833. Crockett's stint in Congress concluded in 1835, after his run for re-election to the 24th Congress ended in defeat. During his political career, Crockett developed a reputation as a frontiersman that, while at times exaggerated, elevated him to folk legend status. While Crockett was indeed a skilled woodsman, his notability as a Herculean, rebellious, sharpshooting, tale-spinning and larger-than-life frontiersman was at least partially a product of his efforts to package himself and win votes during his political campaigns. The strategy proved largely effective; his fame helped him defeat the incumbent candidate in his 1833 bid for re-election to Congress. After Crockett lost the 1835 congressional election, he grew disillusioned with politics and decided to join the fight in the Texas War of Independence. On March 6, 1836, he was killed at the Battle of the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas. While the exact cause of Crockett's death is unknown, Peña, a lieutenant on the scene, stated that Crockett and his comrades at arms died "without complaining and without humiliating themselves before their torturers." General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (1794-1876) The dominant figure in Mexican politics for much of the 19th century, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna left a legacy of disappointment and disaster by consistently placing his own self-interest above his duty to the nation. Born in the state of Vera Cruz in 1794, Santa Anna embarked on his long career in the army at age 16 as a cadet. He fought for a time for the Spanish against Mexican independence, but along with many other army officers switched sides in 1821 to help install Augustin de Iturbide as head of state of an independent Mexico. Mexico was a highly fractured and chaotic nation for much of its first century of independence, in no small part due to the machinations of men such as Santa Anna. In 1828 he used his military influence to lift the losing candidate into the presidency, being rewarded in turn with appointment as the highest-ranking general in the land. His reputation and influence were further strengthened by his critical role in defeating an 1829 Spanish effort to reconquer their former colony. In 1833 Santa Anna was overwhelmingly elected President of Mexico. Unfortunately, what began as a promise to unite the nation soon deteriorated into chaos. From 1833 to 1855 Mexico had no fewer than thirty-six changes in presidency; Santa Anna himself directly ruled eleven times. He soon became bored in his first presidency, leaving the real work to his vice-president, who soon launched an ambitious reform of church, state and army. In 1835, when the proposed reforms infuriated vested interests in the army and church, Santa Anna seized the opportunity to reassert his authority, and led a military coup against his own government.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Presents Custer's Last Stand
    AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Presents Custer’s Last Stand New Two-Hour Documentary Explores the Life of One of the Most Controversial and Mythic Figures in American History Premieres Tuesday, January 17, 2012 8:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. ET on PBS America had just finished celebrating its 100th birthday, when, on July 6, 1876, the telegraph brought word that General George Armstrong Custer and 261 members of his Seventh Cavalry column had been massacred by Cheyenne and Lakota warriors along the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory. The news was greeted with stunned disbelief. How could Custer, the “boy general” of the Civil War, America’s most celebrated Indian fighter, the avatar of western expansion, have been struck down by a group of warriors armed with little more than bows and arrows? Like everything else about Custer, his martyrdom was shrouded in controversy and contradictions, and the final act of his larger-than-life career was played out on a grand stage with a spellbound public engrossed in the drama. In the end, his death would launch one of the greatest myths in American history. Custer’s Last Stand, a new two-hour biography of one of the most celebrated and controversial icons of nineteenth-century America, paints a penetrating psychological portrait of Custer’s charismatic, narcissistic personality, and for the first time on television, explores the fateful relationships within the officers of the Seventh Cavalry that would lead him to his doom. This new biography allows viewers to take a fresh look at Custer’s passionate love affair with his wife Libbie, and their mutually ambitious partnership that made them the power couple of the 1870s.
    [Show full text]
  • Latter-Day Saint Liturgy: the Administration of the Body and Blood of Jesus
    religions Article Latter-Day Saint Liturgy: The Administration of the Body and Blood of Jesus James E. Faulconer Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Latter-day Saint (“Mormon”) liturgy opens its participants to a world undefined by a stark border between the transcendent and immanent, with an emphasis on embodiment and relationality. The formal rites of the temple, and in particular that part of the rite called “the endowment”, act as a frame that erases the immanent–transcendent border. Within that frame, the more informal liturgy of the weekly administration of the blood and body of Christ, known as “the sacrament”, transforms otherwise mundane acts of living into acts of worship that sanctify life as a whole. I take a phenomenological approach, hoping that doing so will deepen interpretations that a more textually based approach might miss. Drawing on the works of Robert Orsi, Edward S. Casey, Paul Moyaert, and Nicola King, I argue that the Latter-day Saint sacrament is not merely a ritualized sign of Christ’s sacrifice. Instead, through the sacrament, Christ perdures with its participants in an act of communal memorialization by which church members incarnate the coming of the divine community of love and fellow suffering. Participants inhabit a hermeneutically transformed world as covenant children born again into the family of God. Keywords: Mormon; Latter-day Saint; liturgy; rites; sacrament; endowment; temple; memory Citation: Faulconer, James E. 2021. Latter-Day Saint Liturgy: The In 1839, in contrast to most other early nineteenth-century American religious leaders, Administration of the Body and Joseph Smith, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints1 said, “Being Blood of Jesus.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 13, No. 3 & 4, Fall/Winter 1983
    THE COCHISE '- Volume 13, Numbers 3 and 4 QUARTERLY Fall/Winter 1983 PHILIP ST. GEORGE COOK Table of Contents page The Mormon Battalion in Cochise County and Adjacent Areas 3 Photos: Cover photo of Colonel Philip St. George Cooke (from "The Mormon Battalion: Its History and Achievements" by B.H. Roberts, The Deseret News, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1919.) Monument near San Bernardino Ranch 18 Grave of Elisha Smith, near Paul Spur 29 Monument at entrance to Paul Spur road 30 Monument in Veterans Park, Douglas 33 Map of part of the march and wagon road of Lt. Colonel Cooke centerfold Edited tape of interview with Marvin L. Follett. 43 Larry D. Christiansen, a native of Utah, received both his Bachelor and Master's degrees from Utah State University. He also attended the University of Arizona and Wake Forest University. Christiansen served as the first editor of The Cochise Quarterly and has been a long-time member of the CCHAS. His interest in the Mormon Battalion and Cochise County history came with his moving to the area to teach at Cochise College. He has had one book published and several articles in magazines and quarterlies including The Cochise Quarterly. He now resides in North Carolina with his wife Becky and two children and pursues his hobbies of reading, writing and researching history, especially of the American West. * * * * Marvin L. FoUett, a long-time resident of Douglas, has studied, especially since the 1950s. the trail of the Mormon Battalion in Cochise County. His great-grandfather was William A. Follett, who was in Company B of the Mormon Battalion.
    [Show full text]
  • Hickerson Revised
    Portraits TOC KIOWA: AN EMERGENT PEOPLE Nancy P. Hickerson …this is how it was: The Kiowas came one by one into the world through a hollow log. There were many more than now, but not all of them got out. There was a woman whose body was swollen up with child, and she got stuck in the log. After that, no one could get through, and that is why the Kiowas are a small tribe in number….1 n midsummer of the year 1805, the expedition led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark made camp on Ithe Missouri River some miles above its junction with the Platte. Nearby were the villages of the Otoes and Pawnees. Farther to the west, near the headwaters of the Platte, they learned of a number of nomadic tribes including the “Kiawa.”2 This was the first official notice given to a people who would, in future decades, become familiar to the soldiers, trappers, and settlers of the American fron- tier as the Kiowa. Like the neighboring Arapahoes, Crows, and Cheyennes, the Kiowas were equestrian (horse-riding) hunters who followed the great herds of buffalo. Their needs in food, containers, clothing, and housing were, in large part, supplied directly from the hunt. Horses, which had been introduced by Spanish colonizers, were essential to the life of the Plains Indians, and the Kiowas were famous for the size of their herds. They counted their wealth in horses, and also traded them to other groups, both Indian and non-Indian, even the invading Americans. Within a few decades of the Lewis and Clark expedition, aggres- sive white hunters all but exterminated the buffaloes, and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 1872: Survivors of the Texas Revolution
    (from the 1872 Texas Almanac) SURVIVORS OF THE TEXAS REVOLUTION. The following brief sketches of some of the present survivors of the Texas revolution have been received from time to time during the past year. We shall be glad to have the list extended from year to year, so that, by reference to our Almanac, our readers may know who among those sketches, it will be seen, give many interesting incidents of the war of the revolution. We give the sketches, as far as possible, in the language of the writers themselves. By reference to our Almanac of last year, (1871) it will be seen that we then published a list of 101 names of revolutionary veterans who received the pension provided for by the law of the previous session of our Legislature. What has now become of the Pension law? MR. J. H. SHEPPERD’S ACCOUNT OF SOME OF THE SURVIVORS OF THE TEXAS REVOLUTION. Editors Texas Almanac: Gentlemen—Having seen, in a late number of the News, that you wish to procure the names of the “veteran soldiers of the war that separated Texas from Mexico,” and were granted “pensions” by the last Legislature, for publication in your next year’s Almanac, I herewith take the liberty of sending you a few of those, with whom I am most intimately acquainted, and now living in Walker and adjoining counties. I would remark, however, at the outset, that I can give you but little information as to the companies, regiments, &c., in which these old soldiers served, or as to the dates, &c., of their discharges.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide: Chapter 11 – Expanding West
    Name: ________________________________________________________ Date:______________ Period: _______ Teacher: Mize Study Guide: Chapter 11 – Expanding West Vocabulary Instructions: Match the following term with its definition. Try to complete this part without help first and then check your answers using your notes. _____ Mountain Men A. Spanish mission in San Antonio, Texas, that was the site of a famous battle of the Texas Revolution in 1836. _____ Oregon Trail B. Spanish colonists in California in the 1800s. C. A revolt against Mexico by American settlers in California who _____ Mormons declared the territory an independent republic. D. A gold-seeker who moved to California during the gold rush. _____ Empresarios E. U.S. purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico. _____ Alamo F. Agents who were contracted by the Mexican republic to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800s. _____ Battle of San Jacinto G. A treaty that ended the Mexican War and gave the United States much of Mexico’s northern territory. _____ Manifest Destiny H. To search for gold. I. Men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the _____ Californios Rocky Mountains and other western regions of the United States. J. A group of western travelers who were stranded in the Sierra _____ Bear Flag Revolt Nevada during the winter of 1846-47; only 45 of the party’s 87 members survived. _____ Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo K. A belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific _____ Gadsden Purchase Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Ed 380 362 Title Institution Pub Date Note Available From
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 380 362 SO 024 456 TITLE North American Indians: Smithsonian Institution Teacher's Resource Guide. INSTITUTION National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. PUB DATE [93] NOTE 58p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. PUB TYPE Guidas Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher)(052) Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indians; Elementary Secondary Education; Instructional Materials; Library Materials; Museums; *North American Culture; *North American History; *North Americans; Photographs; Social Studies; Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS Smithsonian Institution ABSTRACT This teacher's resource guide produced by the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) is a collection of materials about North American Indians covering 3 categories, including an introduction, selected bibliographies, and a listing photographs and portraits. Additionally, there is a collecting of answers to questions that visitors often ask when they explore this Museum's American Indian exhibition galleries. The introduction consists of teaching activities with background information on North American Indian myths and legends; methods to eliminate American Indian stereotypes; and origins of the American Indians. In the selected bibliographies, there are teacher and student bibliographies and teaching kits and other materials; native American resources: books, magazines, and guides for kindergarten through ninth
    [Show full text]
  • Modernizing the Greek Tragedy: Clint Eastwood’S Impact on the Western
    Modernizing the Greek Tragedy: Clint Eastwood’s Impact on the Western Jacob A. Williams A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies University of Washington 2012 Committee: Claudia Gorbman E. Joseph Sharkey Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Table of Contents Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii Introduction 1 Section I The Anti-Hero: Newborn or Reborn Hero? 4 Section II A Greek Tradition: Violence as Catharsis 11 Section III The Theseus Theory 21 Section IV A Modern Greek Tale: The Outlaw Josey Wales 31 Section V The Euripides Effect: Bringing the Audience on Stage 40 Section VI The Importance of the Western Myth 47 Section VII Conclusion: The Immortality of the Western 49 Bibliography 53 Sources Cited 62 i Dedication To my wife and children, whom I cherish every day: To Brandy, for always being the one person I can always count on, and for supporting me through this entire process. You are my love and my life. I couldn’t have done any of this without you. To Andrew, for always being so responsible, being an awesome big brother to your siblings, and always helping me whenever I need you. You are a good son, and I am proud of the man you are becoming. To Tristan, for always being my best friend, and my son. You never cease to amaze and inspire me. Your creativity exceeds my own. To Gracie, for being my happy “Pretty Princess.” Thank you for allowing me to see the world through the eyes of a nature-loving little girl.
    [Show full text]
  • FICE Code List for Colleges and Universities (X0011)
    FICE Code List For Colleges And Universities ALABAMA ALASKA 001002 ALABAMA A & M 001061 ALASKA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY 001005 ALABAMA STATE UNIVERSITY 066659 PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND C.C. 001008 ATHENS STATE UNIVERSITY 011462 U OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE 008310 AUBURN U-MONTGOMERY 001063 U OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS 001009 AUBURN UNIVERSITY MAIN 001065 UNIV OF ALASKA SOUTHEAST 005733 BEVILL STATE C.C. 001012 BIRMINGHAM SOUTHERN COLL ARIZONA 001030 BISHOP STATE COMM COLLEGE 001081 ARIZONA STATE UNIV MAIN 001013 CALHOUN COMMUNITY COLLEGE 066935 ARIZONA STATE UNIV WEST 001007 CENTRAL ALABAMA COMM COLL 001071 ARIZONA WESTERN COLLEGE 002602 CHATTAHOOCHEE VALLEY 001072 COCHISE COLLEGE 012182 CHATTAHOOCHEE VALLEY 031004 COCONINO COUNTY COMM COLL 012308 COMM COLLEGE OF THE A.F. 008322 DEVRY UNIVERSITY 001015 ENTERPRISE STATE JR COLL 008246 DINE COLLEGE 001003 FAULKNER UNIVERSITY 008303 GATEWAY COMMUNITY COLLEGE 005699 G.WALLACE ST CC-SELMA 001076 GLENDALE COMMUNITY COLL 001017 GADSDEN STATE COMM COLL 001074 GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY 001019 HUNTINGDON COLLEGE 001077 MESA COMMUNITY COLLEGE 001020 JACKSONVILLE STATE UNIV 011864 MOHAVE COMMUNITY COLLEGE 001021 JEFFERSON DAVIS COMM COLL 001082 NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIV 001022 JEFFERSON STATE COMM COLL 011862 NORTHLAND PIONEER COLLEGE 001023 JUDSON COLLEGE 026236 PARADISE VALLEY COMM COLL 001059 LAWSON STATE COMM COLLEGE 001078 PHOENIX COLLEGE 001026 MARION MILITARY INSTITUTE 007266 PIMA COUNTY COMMUNITY COL 001028 MILES COLLEGE 020653 PRESCOTT COLLEGE 001031 NORTHEAST ALABAMA COMM CO 021775 RIO SALADO COMMUNITY COLL 005697 NORTHWEST
    [Show full text]
  • To Oral History
    100 E. Main St. [email protected] Ventura, CA 93001 (805) 653-0323 x 320 QUARTERLY JOURNAL SUBJECT INDEX About the Index The index to Quarterly subjects represents journals published from 1955 to 2000. Fully capitalized access terms are from Library of Congress Subject Headings. For further information, contact the Librarian. Subject to availability, some back issues of the Quarterly may be ordered by contacting the Museum Store: 805-653-0323 x 316. A AB 218 (Assembly Bill 218), 17/3:1-29, 21 ill.; 30/4:8 AB 442 (Assembly Bill 442), 17/1:2-15 Abadie, (Señor) Domingo, 1/4:3, 8n3; 17/2:ABA Abadie, William, 17/2:ABA Abbott, Perry, 8/2:23 Abella, (Fray) Ramon, 22/2:7 Ablett, Charles E., 10/3:4; 25/1:5 Absco see RAILROADS, Stations Abplanalp, Edward "Ed," 4/2:17; 23/4:49 ill. Abraham, J., 23/4:13 Abu, 10/1:21-23, 24; 26/2:21 Adams, (rented from Juan Camarillo, 1911), 14/1:48 Adams, (Dr.), 4/3:17, 19 Adams, Alpha, 4/1:12, 13 ph. Adams, Asa, 21/3:49; 21/4:2 map Adams, (Mrs.) Asa (Siren), 21/3:49 Adams Canyon, 1/3:16, 5/3:11, 18-20; 17/2:ADA Adams, Eber, 21/3:49 Adams, (Mrs.) Eber (Freelove), 21/3:49 Adams, George F., 9/4:13, 14 Adams, J. H., 4/3:9, 11 Adams, Joachim, 26/1:13 Adams, (Mrs.) Mable Langevin, 14/1:1, 4 ph., 5 Adams, Olen, 29/3:25 Adams, W. G., 22/3:24 Adams, (Mrs.) W.
    [Show full text]
  • Bear Flag Revolt
    ‘Bodega’ Bear Flag Revolt The untold story of how Captain (Bodega Corners) Smith was the primary supporter of the Revolt Major Dates in California (and West County) History During this tumultuous time, the1840’s are when everything happened at once. This was the climax to America’s Manifest Destiney (when the US expansion to the western shore was uninvited, but inevitable). Just remember the ‘pioneers’ were uninvited immigrants into Mexico’s 100 year old homeland. 1822 - Mexico Independence from Spain 1824 - Alta California Independence, now a Mexican ‘Territory’ 1833 - Alta California Independence from Mexico 1836 -Texas Revolution - Autonomous Territory from Mexico 1836 - Alta California Breaks into 4 Regional Power ‘States’ 1841 - Russia Leaves Fort Ross 1842 - Sutter Establishes Swiss Colony called New Helvetica 1843 - Captain Smith is granted Rancho Bodega 1844 - Captain Smith installs California first Steam Lumber and Grist Mills 1845 - Captain Smith begins shipping & passages service (Bodega, SF, Monterey) 1846 - Bear Flag Rebellion 1846 -1848 - Mexican-American War 1847 - California becomes US Territory 1848 - Gold Discovered at Sutter’s Mill 1849 - Gold Rush - 100,000 fortune hunters arrive 1850 - Statehood, SF is a Boom Town In 1821 Mexico won their war of independence from Spain which began a period of much political uncertainty and upheaval in the new government. Alta California was always an after thought to Spain, but now even less control or direction came out of Mexico City, so the Californios were left on their own. The friction came to a head in 1836, when Monterey-born Juan Between 1836 and 1846 Alta Bautista Alvarado (Monterey) led California had broken into a revolt and seized the regional fiefdoms governorship from Nicolás Micheltorena Gutiérrez (San Diego).
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Adventures in California of Don Agustín Janssens, 1834-1856
    The life and adventures in California of Don Agustín Janssens, 1834-1856. Edited by William H. Ellison and Francis Price. Translated by Francis Price Huntington Library Publications The LIFE AND ADVENTURES IN CALIFORNIA of DON AGUSTíN JANSSENS 1834-1856 Edited by WILLIAM H. ELLISON and FRANCIS PRICE The Huntington Library SAN MARINO, CALIFORNIA 1953 COPYRIGHT 1953 BY HENRY E. HUNTINGTON LIBRARY & ART GALLERY LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD The life and adventures in California of Don Agustín Janssens, 1834-1856. Edited by William H. Ellison and Francis Price. Translated by Francis Price http://www.loc.gov/resource/calbk.172 NUMBER 53-12526 PRINTED IN U.S.A. BY ANDERSON, RITCHIE & SIMON: LOS ANGELES DESIGN BY JOSEPH SIMON v CONTENTS PAGE Preface vii Victor Eugene August Janssens, 1878, Statement by Thomas Savage xi I.Early Life of Agustín Janssens 3 II.The Híjar and Padrés California Expedition of 1834 10 III.The Expedition's Reception in California 20 IV.Collapse of the Colony: Governor Chico's Turbulent Administration 36 V.The Revolution of 1836 49 VI.Opposition to Alvarado in the South 64 VII.Carlos Antonio Carrillo Displaced by Alvarado 82 VIII.Indians and Horse Thieves 93 IX.Janssens Appointed Administrator of the Mission San Juan Capistrano 106 X.Governor Manuel Micheltorena and the Bloodless Revolution 116 XI.The American Conquest: Fremont's March to Santa Barbara and Cahuenga 126 XII.Later Years: California, 1848-1856 136 Bibliography 155 Index 161 vi ILLUSTRATIONS OPPOSITE PAGE Victor Eugene August Janssens 4 FROM A PHOTOGRAPH Mission Santa Barbara, 1834 20 FROM AN ETCHING BY EDWARD BOREIN Los Angeles, 1847 52 FROM A CONTEMPORARY DRAWING BY WILLIAM RICH HUTTON Monterey, 1847 68 FROM A CONTEMPORARY DRAWING BY WILLIAM RICH HUTTON vii PREFACE The life and adventures in California of Don Agustín Janssens, 1834-1856.
    [Show full text]