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National Report: Latvia. Food and Nutrition Security Debate

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National Report: Latvia. Food and Nutrition Security Debate TRANSMANGO National Report: Latvia. Food and nutrition security debate Authors:Tālis Tisenkopfs, Miķelis Grīviņš, January 2015, Ilona Kunda, Sanda Šūmane, Baltic Riga Studies Centre National Report: Latvia. Food and nutrition security debate National Report: Latvia. Food and nutrition security debate Table of content NATIONAL REPORT: LATVIA. FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY DEBATE .......................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.Production .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Agriculture ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Food industry ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Structure and governance: institutions, main actors, concentration ....................................................... 6 1.3 Consumption .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Data on food insecure / vulnerable and trends ....................................................................................... 8 1.5 Data on food assistance ......................................................................................................................... 9 2 DESCRIPTION OF FNS AS EMERGING FROM NATIONAL DEBATE.................................................... 10 2.1 Overall perception of FNS based on a tag cloud .................................................................................. 10 2.2 Hazards most frequently mentioned in public media ............................................................................ 11 Drivers of change in Latvian food system ................................................................................................ 11 Hazards, risks, vulnerable groups and responses ................................................................................... 18 2.3 Debate evaluation: over and underrepresented hazards and vulnerabilities ........................................ 22 3 VULNERABILITIES INFLUENCING FN SYSTEM OUTCOMES WITH REGARD TO FN SECURITY ..... 24 3.1 System vulnerabilities identified in the media: introduction................................................................... 24 3.2 FNS outcomes and system vulnerabilities ............................................................................................ 25 3.3 FNS outcomes and vulnerable groups ................................................................................................. 26 4 FRAMES ANALYSIS / VULNERABILITIES .............................................................................................. 29 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Description of main frames ................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 Frames by FNS outcomes and vulnerabilities, mutual linkages ........................................................... 33 4.4 What is relevant actors' positioning? .................................................................................................... 35 5. MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 36 5.1 FNS media discussion in Latvia ........................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Drivers, Hazards and Vulnerabilities .................................................................................................... 36 5.3 FNS discussion frames......................................................................................................................... 37 5.4 Emerging integral issues ...................................................................................................................... 38 ANNEX 1: SOURCES ................................................................................................................................... 39 ANNEX 2: MOST RELEVANT VULNERABILITIES ..................................................................................... 44 Vulnerability 1: Control and regulation of food systems .............................................................................. 44 Vulnerability 2: Power concentration in retail .............................................................................................. 44 Vulnerability 3: Systems inability to support local producers ...................................................................... 45 Vulnerability 4: Unhealthy consumer choices and unsustainable food habits ............................................ 46 Vulnerability 5: Inequality of society – poverty ............................................................................................ 46 Vulnerability 6: Insufficient requirements for product labelling .................................................................... 47 Vulnerability 7: Poorly planned land distribution ......................................................................................... 48 Vulnerability 8: Technologization of food production process ..................................................................... 48 Vulnerability 9: Instability of global food markets (global food relations) .................................................... 49 Vulnerability 10: Prevalence of animal diseases ........................................................................................ 49 Vulnerability 11: Climate changes caused by global warming .................................................................... 50 ANNEX 3: REFERENCES (CHAPTER 1) .................................................................................................... 51 2 National Report: Latvia. Food and nutrition security debate This is TRANSMANGO project report on food and nutrition security debate and issues in Latvia prepared in the framework of Project’s Work package 2 Task 2.3 “National level desk based research”. TRANSMANGO (Assessment of the impact of drivers of change on Europe’s food and nutrition security) aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of the effects of the global drivers of change on European and global food demand and on raw material productions. The research focuses on the vulnerability and resilience of European food systems in a context of socio-economic, behavioural, technological, institutional and agro-ecological change and aims to enhance understanding of the new challenges and opportunities that the food sector will face in the future. Project’s Work package 2 aims to analyse how food and nutrition vulnerability is understood and discussed among the range of stakeholders and disciplines. This report in particular analyses how vulnerability is represented in Latvia’s media, science, policy and food industry texts. The report identifies and analyses food system vulnerabilities, their main drivers and how these are related to FNS in Latvia. The meanings and controversies of food system vulnerabilities and framings of debate are explored. The analysis reflects the debate in public, scientific, market and policy spheres across a range of food system vulnerability dimensions (economic, political, socio-cultural, ecological) and FNS outcomes (stability and control, availability, access, utilisation). The report addresses five specific research questions: 1. Which are the main characters of national FN system with particular regard to FN security? 2. What are the debates around FN security at the national level across the public, policy and scientific spheres? 3. What are the main hazards and the main vulnerabilities emerging from the media survey? 4. Which frames are recognizable in the debate? How do actors position themselves? 5. What evolution of the FNS discourse can be traced in the last years? Analysis is based on review of 59 sources including print newspaper, online newspaper, magazine, social media, policy document, scientific paper, food industry publications selected according to common TRANSMANGO WP2 methodology and guidelines. The list of analysed sources is given in Appendix 1. In total 114 media texts and 32 science, policy and food industry texts were analysed. Methods of data analysis included: quantitative and qualitative content analysis, tag cloud, discourse analysis, frame analysis, transversal analysis and synthesis. In synthesising findings a grounded approach was used. The report is has five main chapters. First chapter gives an overall introduction about aspects characterizing Latvia’s food and nutrition system. Second chapter illustrates the main drivers and hazards food and nutrition security is related to as reflected in debate in Latvia’s media. Third chapter describes main vulnerabilities identified in media, science and policy sources and social groups that are related to these vulnerabilities. A detailed description of vulnerabilities
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