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HA-138 Priest Neale Mass House & Mill, Site

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HA-138 Priest Neale Mass House & Mill, Site HA-138 Priest Neale Mass House & Mill, site (Paradice Farm) Architectural Survey File This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps. Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment. All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust. Last Updated: 02-18-2004 NPS Form 1 C>-900 OMB No. IOU-0018 (Rav. 1Hl6) United States Department of the Interior j-1/J-IJ f National Park Service -·\lational Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property historic name Paradice Farm, Priest Neale's Mass House other names/site number Priest Neale's Mass House and Mill Site (preferred) 2. Location street & number 2618 Cool Spring Road NW not for publication city, town Bel Air liJ vicinity_ . state Maryland code MD county Harford code 025 zip code 21014 3. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property [X] private [XJ building(s) Contributing Noncontributing D public-local 0district 1 1 buildings D public-State Dsite 1 ---sites D public-Federal D structure ___ structures Oobject ___ objects 2 1 Total ame of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously NA listed in the National Register __O__ _ 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this liJ nomination D request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinio , ~ 00 meets D does not meet the National Register criteria. D See continu~h/~~ / D'te STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property D meets D does not meet the National Register criteria. D See continuation sheet. Signature of commenting or .other official Date State or Federal agency and bureau 5. National Park Service Certification I, hereby, certify that this property is: D entered in the National Register. D See continuation sheet. D determined eligible for the National Register. D See continuation sheet. ] determined not eligible for the National Register. D removed from the National Register. D other, (explain:) _________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action i1f ',,.,, ., - .,J., .l . ~ l 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions) Current Functions (enter categories from instructions) DOMESTIC/single dwelling DOMESTIC/single dwelling RELIGIOUS/religious structure 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (enter categories from instructions) (enter categories from instructions) foundation --=-s-=-t=on:..:.e=-------------- COLONIAL walls stone roof slate other----------------- Priest Neale's Mass ~ouse -- the phrase has been used to describe the structure since 1756 -- is a stuccoed stone dwelling constructed c.1743 on a knoll over locking the rural Deer Creek Valley in Harford County I Maryland. The house, used by Jesuits as a mission in the mid and late 18th century before lbman Catholics obtained freedom of v.cirship under the United States Constitution, stands five bays wide by two bays deep and one and one half stories tall beneath a slate-covered gable roof. The2original house had a hipped roof, which was destroyed by fire around 1940. 'Ihe interior floor plan is unique in Maryland -- and seemingly American -- architecture and reflects the building's canbined function as Jesuit priests' residence and house of v.cirship: an unusually wide center hall provided meeting space and was flanked by two chambers on the west and a large reception room on the east. Some interior details {such as mantels) date to the second quarter of the 19th century (after the house was sold by the Church) but they do not lessen the integrity of the structure, nor does the one-story ell added to the northeast at about the same time. These details and additions are sympathetic in design and scale to the original material of the house, as is a 20th-century kitchen, located to the rear of the ell. Original, 18th-century material includes walls, doors, window framing, walnut ceiling beams (plastered over), and much hardware. In fact, according to one recent history, "the rrain structure is not much altere~ fran its original form, and only the roofline has been remodeled." NJrtheast of the house, on the banks of Deer Creek, is the site of an 18th-century mill which the priests used to generate rroney to support their endeav~rs. Maryland Mill expert John McGrain calls it "the first mill in the region." 'Ihe mi51race, ruins, and millstones were all in evidence as recently as the 1930s and, while only traces of the millrace rerrain visible today, the site is potentially of great archeological significance. See Continuation Sheet 7.lA for footnotes [KJ See continuation sheet for GENERAL DESCRIPTION °"'' Apptowl No. 1oa..oo1• United States Department of the Interior National Park Service -~atlonal Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Priest Neale's Mass House and Mill Site HA-138 Harford County, Maryland Section number _7__ Page _1-.,;.A;....__ 1 Charles v. Joerndt, St. Ignatius, Hickory, and Its Mission, (Baltimore: Baltimore Publication Press, Inc., 1972), p. 38. 2The most thorough and reliable history of the Paradice tract and of Priest Neale's Mass House is undoubtedly John w. McGrain, Jr.'s, "Priest Neale, His Mass House and His Successors;" in Maryland Historical Magazine, September 1967 (pp 254-284) and June 1968 (pp. 137-157). 3 Joerndt, St. Ignatius, p. 31. 4 McGrain, I, p. 266. 5samuel Mason, Jr., Historical Sketches of Harford County, Maryland, (Carlington: privately printed, 2nd edition 1955), p. 64. NOTE: The footnotes for this document are numbered beginning with Section 7 and running consecutively through Section 8. ; I (' - : ,-., ~,. -! .. \ 8. Statement of Significance Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: [KJ nationally D statewide D locally Applicable National Register Criteria [Kl A D B [XJ C DD Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) IKJ A D B DC DD DE D F D G Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance Significant Dates Architecture c. 1745-1789 N/A Religion Cultural Affiliation N/A Significant Person Architect/Builder N/A unknown I State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above. _j ! SIGNIFICANCE SUMMARY: Priest Neale's Mass House (interchangeably called Paradice) is important as a seemingly unique building whose idiosyncratic form is the direct result of the troubled early history of the Roman catholic church in Colonial America. Its peculiar floorplan, still largely intact, is the physical manifestation of colonial Maryland laws pranulgated after England's Glorious Revolution of 1688-'89 swept away the colony's original Toleration Act. These laws culminated in the act "to prevent the growth of popery" passed by the Maryland ~neral Assembly in 1704. CUeen Anne modified that law in 1705 and 1707 1 and the result allowed Catholic priests to conduct masses but only in private horres. Chapels, in order to exist at all, had to t:e part of a larger residence. This allowed Maryland's Catholic clergy to perform their spiritual duties using their residences and to "circuit ride" thence to celebrate the mass in the far-flung houses of the faithful. In addition, the entire nominated acreage may be read as a single unit. 'Ihe priests lived and worshipped in the house while they and their slaves tended the farm and ran the mill on Deer Creek to generate income, thus creating a largely self-sufficient economy. Moreover, no building similar to the "Mass House" exists elsewhere in America t:ecause no other colony had a similar history. And of the few colonial era Catholic-associated buildings in Maryland, none is architecturally comparable to Paradice: each case is discussed below but basically Paradice is a dual-use structure which reads as an organic whole~ other dual-use buildings exist but they read as dual-use, in each case the religious area of the building is clearly discernible from the living quarters. The Mass House gains further importance for being one of the oldest extant buildings associated with the Catholic Church in America. Only Maryland and Pennsylvania, among the English American colonies, had any substantial and active catholic populations at the time or any colonial era Catholic-associated architecture. Of the handful of Catholic structures standing in the former []See continuation sheet 8.
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