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A Study of Hypertext Reading on the Internet ૺࢢቶŎ Yu-Wei Chang

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A Study of Hypertext Reading on the Internet ૺࢢቶŎ Yu-Wei Chang ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğࢱ59-79סဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ A Study of Hypertext Reading on the Internet ૺࢢቶŎ Yu-Wei Chang ၡࢋ multiple developments of reading and provide ቢّ̈́ another choice for the readers. Linear reading isܧ͛ώӮΞͽଳϡה෹͛ώ̈́О .ቢّ͞ёซҖዦ᝝ĂΪߏྤੈࡊԫ۞ᐹ๕Ξ still the main reading style in the society ͽឰ෹͛ώ۞পᕇдშྮ˯Ξͽ൴೭۞Հ However, information technology changes the рĂ೩ֻ᝝۰Ω˘჌ዦ᝝͞ё۞ᏴፄĄቢّ way of communication and even changes the .ዦ᝝̪ߏۤົ̂ி౵͹ࢋ۞ዦ᝝ݭၗĂҭЯ peopleŅs culture including the reading habit ࠎྤੈࡊԫԼត˞ˠᙷ̝็ᇫ͞ёĂซ҃Լ This paper will focus on the difference between តΒ߁ዦ᝝͞ёд̰۞ˠᙷ̼͛ݭၗĂ߇შ the hypertext reading on the Internet and the ͛ώዦ᝝̝मளĂߏώ printed text reading. Although Internet brings aה෹͛ώዦ᝝ᄃОྮ ͛ᙯ͕۞ࢦᕇĄშྮ۞΍னឰዦ᝝ѣາ۞ࢬ new reading style, the interaction between the ᄻ΍னĂҭৌϒ׶᝝۰யϠ̢જ۞ߏ̰टĂ text and the reader is the information content γдྶវĂ߇̙გߏშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝ٕ instead of the carrier. Therefore, the importantܧ҃ ௚ዦ᝝Ăࢦࢋ۞ኝᗟӮߏтң೩̿ዦ᝝̝ issue for the hypertext reading on the Internet็ ݡኳĂͽ႕֖᝝۰̝ዦ᝝ᅮՐĄ or the conventional reading is the improvement on the reading quality in order to satisfy the Abstract reader's need. The hypertext and the printed text can be read in a non-linear or a linear way. The ᙯᔣෟĈშᅫშྮă෹͛ώăዦ᝝ advantages of information technology favor the KeywordsĈInternet; Hypertext; Reading ϲέ៉̂ጯဦ३ྤੈࡁտٙ౾̀Ϡ઼+ (Doctoral Student, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University) 59 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1 ಥă݈֏ ಫ̬۞ତৼĂซ҃யϠາ۞৵ዳĞliteracyğ ߏ׽ؠ̙ត۞Ăܧၹ۞࿅඀Ă˵ಶߏྋ યᗟĂЯѩ৵ዳ۞ؠཌྷ֭ޙዦ᝝ߏ˘჌ຍཌྷ ᛖဦ͛ຍཌྷ۞જүĞො1ğĂ౅࿅ዦ᝝ˠࣇ଀ ҃ߏᄃ༊ॡ̝ࡊԫᒖဩ૜̷࠹ᙯĄĞො3ğ םͽӛќۢᙊซ҃౅࿅็ᇫ็ٚۢᙊĂЯѩዦ ࢬ၆შྮ็ᇫॡ΃۞ֽᓜĂ઼ᅫዦ᝝ ᝝˘ۡᄃۢᙊܲ޺૜̷ᙯܼĂ͍׎Վˢۢᙊ ົĞInternational Reading Associationğ޽ Ӏ ΍Ă็௚۞᝝ᆷზૄώ઼ϔ৵ዳ̙֖̏ૉĂۋགྷᑻॡ΃Ăۢᙊј˞Ч઼౵ѣӀ۞ᚮ Ăซ҃Հֹܳ͵ࠧЧ઼၆ዦ᝝۞ࢦෛĄགྷ ԧࣇᔘᅮࢋጯົтңᄃ࿪ཝ໛఼ĄĞො4ğૄ ᑻЪүၱ൴ण௡ᖐĞOrganization for ពϯშྮॡ΃Ă࿪ཝᄃშᅫშྮ̏ඕЪјࠎ ࢦࢋ۞็ᇫಫ̬Ăጱ࡭࿪̄ώ͛˵ฟޝEconomic Cooperation and DevelopmentĂᖎ ˘࣎ ĂЯѩშᅫშྮ၆ྤੈ̰ट۞ӔܜჍOECDğᄮࠎዦ᝝ਕ˧ܼෞณЧ઼ିֈវ ؕԣిј ࢦࢋ޽ᇾĂЯѩ่̙ጯ७ னѣңᇆᜩĉপҾߏ෹͛ώдშྮᒖဩ˭Ă۞˧ۋր̈́ˠ̖ᚮ ϒёିֈ፟ၹՀ૟ዦ ၆᝝۰ዦ᝝Җࠎ̝ᇆᜩߏώ̝͛͹ࢋᛉᗟĄܧࢦෛዦ᝝Ăဦ३ᐡඈ ͛ώ̝ዦ᝝Ă෹͛ώ۞൴ण።Ϋ࠹ה᝝ଯᇃෛࠎࢦࢋ̍ү̝˘ĄĞො2ğ ࠹ྵО إᄬ็ᇫॡ ༊ൺᇶĂপҾߏ෹͛ώдშྮᒖဩ̝൴ण˾ٺˠᙷд͛ф΍ன݈Ăܼ఍ ഇĂͽᄬ֏үࠎ໛఼ᄃ็ᇫ͞ёć͛ф΍ன ϏјሢĂѣᙯ᝝۰ώ֗ዦ᝝Җࠎ۞ࡁտ̙֭ Ăˠᙷซˢ͛ф̈́३ᆷ็ᇫॡഇĂฟؕਕ кĂࠤҌЯშྮ෹͛ώ̝ዦ᝝̙ࠤ೼࿆Ăጱޢ ΃ܑϏֽ̂кڱ൑إ͛ᚥ۞ ࡭᝝۰̝ዦ᝝Җࠎࡁտٺ૟ˠᙷۢᙊͽ͛фࡔᐂ˭ֽĄҭϤ ዦ᝝˘ۡߏˠᙷ̼͛ٺᇴ᝝۰̝ҖࠎĄҭϤ ޝኑώ࠰ᅮˠ̍۞ుфԨᆷĂ߇͛ᚥயณߏ ล߱Ă ൴ण۞८͕ᛉᗟĂΐ˯შྮ̏ు႙எˢԧࣇהĂซˢОޢځఙ൴הОזĂۡ۞͌ ଀ͽ̂ఢሀኑᄦ͛ᚥ̟ͽᇃ̂г߹఼Ăֹ ۞ధкϠ߿ᆸࢬĂЯѩዦ᝝дშྮॡ΃۞൴̖ ࿪ णߏࣃ଀ԧࣇΝ៍၅Ąޢᙊ଀ͽҋ͌ᇴჟࡻ͘̚็ҶฟֽĄᐌۢ ͛ф۞ෛᛇ̈́ ੫၆˯ࢗયᗟĂώ͛૟შྮዦ᝝̝ᛉᗟܧĂֹځă࿪ෛă࿪ᇆඈ൴ྖ ࢦෛĂ֭д ࢨؠд෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ĂࣧЯߏშྮྤੈזצ᝘ᛇ็ᇫЯາಫវ۞΍ன҃ ͛ώ۞הБߏ෹͛ώĂధкྤੈΪߏОܧ֭ ĂϒёՎˢޢშྮฟୁˠᙷΩ˘Ѩ็ᇫࢭ׻ ෹ಫវ۞к̮̼ྤੈॡ΃Ą̙ҭ͛фăဦ ࿪̄ᑫ҃̏Ăּт࿪̄ฎІٕ࿪̄ഇΏ͛ ăᇆညăᓏࢰăજ൪ඈЧ჌ྤफ़ᙷݭӮΞ ౢĂЯѩ၆᝝۰҃֏Ă่ߏӔனྤफ़۞ಫՄͯ ͽჸะд࿪̄͛ώ̚Ă౅࿅࿪ཝᏈ၌Ӕனд Ϥ৽ώԼј࿪ཝᏈ၌Ăͷགྷ࿅ЕО΍ֽ̙֭ Яྤੈࡊڍ᝝۰ࢬ݈Ă೩ֻ׎Ω˘჌ዦ᝝͞ё۞ᏴፄĂ ົᇆᜩྤੈඕၹ̝পّĄҭߏт Тॡ˵Яࠎԧࣇ၆შᅫშྮ఺࣎ૻ̂็ᇫາ ԫጱ࡭͛ώ۞ඕၹᄃӔன͞ёѣາ۞ࡎ৔Ă 60 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ ᜈّ۞३ᆷ̈́ዦ᝝͞ాܧт෹͛ώΪਕдд࿪̄ᒖဩ̖̚ਕԆБ൴ ࿪ཝᏈ၌˯̝˘჌ּ ధкጯ۰˵ౌഅ၆෹͛ώޢኑᗔ۞পّĂ֤ᆃԼត᝝۰۞̙ ёķĄĞො5ğ̝ޝ೭׎Ξͽ ߏᅮ౅࿅࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝ĂТॡ˵೩ֻ᝝۰ ˭࿅ؠཌྷĂּтGeorge Landowؠཌྷ෹͛ώ่ ௚ቢّዦ᝝۞ᏴፄĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ ࠎĶӀϡ࿪ཝ෹෸็௚३ᆷ͛ф۞ቢّăѣ็ٺТ̙ ώ۞ዦ᝝၆᝝۰૟ߏΩ˘჌າ۞ዦ᝝វរᄃ ቑಛ̈́׽ؠ۞পّķĄĞො6ğᖎ֏̝Ă෹͛ ጯ௫Ă˵ߏώ͛ٙࢋଣ੅۞ቑಛĄ ώߏ౅࿅ాඕĞlinkğ۞ඕၹĂ૟͛ώ̰࿰ న۞༼ᕇĞnodesğ̟ͽాତĂ͞ёߏдྤ ෮ăშྮ෹͛ώ̝໚੓ᄃপّ ੈ༼ᕇ఍ΐˢ෹ాඕ۞ΑਕĂ೩ֻ᝝۰ዦ᝝ Ϗ΍ன݈Ăإ෹͛ώߏ˘჌࿪̄͛ώĂιυืд࿪̄ Җซ͞Ш۞ᏴፄĂΪߏдშྮ ቢّ͞ёҋϤொજ۞ྤܧቢّዦ᝝পҒĂҭ ෹͛ώ೩ֻ᝝۰ͽܧᒖဩ˭Ă̖ਕࡎពι۞ Ă݋ޢಏέ࿪ཝĂ҃შྮ΍னٺࠎૻአώ͛୬ଣ੅̝შྮᒖဩĂώ͛পгд ੈ۩ม่ࢨ ෹͛ώ݈ࢬΐ˯შྮ˟࣎фͽઇડҾĂҭ၁ ૟᝝۰ΞҋϤொજ۞ྤੈมᕖ̂ࠎፋ࣎შྮ ᅫ˯෹͛ώ۞পّߏዋϡдٙѣ࿪̄ᒖဩĂ ᅳાĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ώणன۞ߏ˘჌ͽ༼ᕇ Ϊߏშྮᒖဩૻአ࣎Ҿ۞࿪̄ᒖဩߏΞͽ࠹ ࠎૄᖂ۞ాඕშྮĂΞͽឰ᝝۰ҋϤгਝҖ ѩ۞ాඕ҃ᕖ̂෹͛ώ۞ дშྮ͵ࠧ̚Ąك໛఼Ăซ҃Я̢ ߿જቑಛĂϺӈ෹͛ώЯშᅫშྮ఺࣎າ็ Яѩଂ෹͛ώώ֗۞͛ώপّĂͽ̈́ٙ ĂΞͽᕩৼ΍შྮ෹͛ژᇫಫវ۞ૻ̂็ᇫΑਕ̈́পّĂ଀ͽ૟ώ֗ ఍̝შྮᒖဩ̶ֽ Ӏܮቢّ͞ё̝Ᏼ ώ׍ѣ෹ಫវăᅮᖣӄ፟ጡ̖ਕዦ᝝ăܧপّՀр۞൴೭Ă೩ֻ᝝۰ ׽ؠԛ̈́טቢّ̝ዦ᝝͞ёă՟ѣቔ಼ࢨܧ ፄĄ ၗ̙ᘦؠඈপّĂਬې໚ វĂͽ̈́ݡኳ̙˘ͷܼه၁˯Ăშྮ෹͛ώ۞෹͛ώໄְ т˭ĈځŇAs We May ̶Ҿᄲٺҋ1945ѐVannevar BushĂ Ą ˘ă෹ಫវهThinkҢ͛ٙ̚೩΍̝Memexր௚ໄ ޢ৷ოߏ͛фݭၗĂ̝ܐMemexߏЯᑕᘀ̂ྤफ़ᐼхᄃᑭ৶ᅮՐ̝ၹ შྮ෹͛ώ౵ ᐌ඾࿪ཝԫఙ̝ซՎĂဦညăᓏࢰăᇆညă זຐր௚Ă౅࿅ྤੈాඕĂֹϡ۰଀ͽᑭ৶ ͛ф۞׎΁ྤੈ჌ᙷ˵ΒӣซΝĂܧᙷҬˠᙷ̂ཝ૟পؠ࠹ᙯ જ൪ඈه࠹ᙯྤੈĂ׎ໄ ˘Bushᇆᜩ Яѩனдშྮ෹͛ώ۞ຍཌྷ̙֭݀ࢨдಏזצޢІాඕд˘੓۞͞ёĄְ̝ 1965ѐ൴ܑ ŇLiterary ۞͛фྤੈĂ҃ߏѣ෹ಫវĞhypermediağٺTed NelsonĂ۞ Ą෹ಫវ఺࣎າЩෟ۞΍னܼϡͽૻهMachinesŇ ˘͛Ăϒё೩΍Ķ෹͛ώķ ۞ໄ Ğhypertextğ఺࣎ЩෟĂ֭૟̝ؠཌྷࠎĶд አშྮྤੈ۞к̮ಫវপّĂְ၁˯Ă෹ಫ 61 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1 ĂГซҖޢߏЕО΍ֽڍវ۞யϠܼͽ෹͛ώࠎૄᖂĂГΐˢкಫវ ࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝Ăт ͛ώהপّĂЯѩ෹ಫវ˜෹͛ώ̝ؼҩĂ ৽ώ͛І۞ዦ᝝Ă݋˫ᖼೱࠎ็௚О۞ hypermediaӈߏhypertextᄃmultimedia˟۰̝ ۞ዦ᝝ĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ૄώ݈೩̝ ඕЪᄬĂͷд၁ᅫֹϡ˯Ă෹͛ώᄃ෹ಫវ ˘ߏ᝝۰ืѣΞዦ᝝ྤੈ۞Ķ፟ጡķĄᔵ൒ ஄ࠎ˘ኘĂјࠎ˘࣎ТཌྷෟĄѩγĂϤ Ч჌შྮྤੈӮͽ0ᄃ1۞Ҝ̮͞ёᐼхĂҭ̏˵ ͛фăဦͯăᓏࢰăᇆည̈́જ൪ĂӮߏ͛ ᝝۰ࢬ၆۞ߏЧ჌̙Тᑫ९ॾё۞࿪̄ᑫĂٺ ዦ᝝హវ̖ਕึӀ᝝۞פІ۞˘჌ĂЯѩѣˠᄮࠎĶ෹͛Іķ υืѣ࠹၆ᑕΞ᝝ ᑫ९Ă߇дͧྵ˯Ăშྮ෹͛ώ̝ዦ᝝̙פ Ğhyperdocumentğ఺࣎Щෟͧ෹͛ώՀਕܑ Ӏܮ͛ώ׍ѣᐌ֗ᛸ૲̈́ۡତዦ᝝۞ה੅ тОܮ྿࿪̄͛ώ̝உᄏቑಛĞො7ğĂҭࠎ͞ ኢĂώ͛௚˘ͽ෹͛ώ఺࣎౵૱֍۞Щෟֽ ّĄ ϯ࠹ᙯЩෟ̝ຍཌྷĄ ఼ੈࡊԫ̝ซՎĂֹ଀ᅅμ۞PDA ăܑ ፟̈́͘࿪̄३˵јࠎშྮྤੈ۞ዦ᝝፟ጡĂ ܧშྮᔵ൒Ξͽणன෹ಫវྤੈĂҭ֭ ٙѣშྮྤੈӮߏТॡඕЪк჌ྤੈԛၗĂ Яѣֱ࿪̄३۞̂̈ᄃ၁វ३ᚱ͎̇˘ᇹĂ Ă̈ޝΞਕ่ߏಏ৷۞࿪̄͛ІĂϏѣЇң෹͛ώ Яѩͧྵ˯ĂPDÄ́፟͘۞ዦ᝝Ꮘ၌ फ़टณĂྤ۞ז࣎൪ࢬٙਕᕱᜓ˘טপّĂ߇ಶቑಛ˯Ă෹͛ώΪߏ࿪̄͛ώ ᚑࢦࢨ۞ ዦ᝝Ąΐ˯Ϊࢋ఺ֱ፟ጡ˘ᙯ፟Ăྤٺ჌Ăೱ֏̝Ă෹͛ώΪߏϫ݈შྮᒖဩ ̙ዋ˘۞ ͛Іߏͽ׽הОٺ͛ώͧྵĂᔵ൒ ੈ˵ᐌӈᇶॡঐεĂ̙Тה჌࿪̄͛ώĄᄃО˘̝˭ តڱኳ˯඾ᐂĂ൑ۏ৽ૺѩ჌ٺ͛ώ˵Ξͽລ੨ᐂࢰ૲ăᐂᇆ૲ඈෛ᝘ ؠ۞͛фהО ੈྤז̙צಫវ˘੓ֹϡĂҭ̙֭ߏ૟Ч჌ԛё۞ྤੈ જĂЯѩშྮྤੈ૱૱ឰ᝝۰ຏ Ă̙т ۞၁វৌ၁ຏĂጱ࡭ѣֱ᝝۰௫ၚЯщБّ˯ّܮะЪдТ˘࣎ࢱࢬ˯Ă߇д͞ შྮྤफ़ΞͽдТ˘࣎Ꮘ၌൪ࢬ˯Тॡჸะ ҂ณĂ௫ၚ૟შྮྤੈΩγᐼх˘ЊĂٕۡ Ч჌ݭၗ۞ྤੈĂЯѩ෹ಫវপّܼ࿪̄͛ ତЕО˭ֽĄ༊൒ЕО΍ֽ۞˘࣎ᐹᕇߏᆧ ͛ІĂ۞ܜޝώ۞˘̂ࡎ৔ĄΩ༊෹͛ώ࿃˯შᅫშྮĂ ΐዦ᝝۞නዋّĂপҾߏ̰ट ၁វ̝щБ౯זੵ˞Ξ૟ాඕ۞ྤੈቑಛᕖ̂ࠎፋ࣎შྮ͵ ТॡΩ˘࣎ᐹᕇߏΞۡତ࠻ ᐼхפ᝝ڱࠧγĂᔘਕЯშᅫშྮ۞ૻ̂็ᇫਕ˧Ă૟ ЊĂͽ֨Я࿪ཝ߲̚ඈયᗟ҃൑ ൴೭۞ՀрĂԼតԧࣇ၆͛ώඕ ̝ᑫ९Ąڍड़۞ੈྤ ቢّ̝ዦ᝝͞ёܧӀܮၹᄃӔன͞ё۞็௚О෪Ą ˬă ˟ăᅮᖣӄ፟ጡ̖ਕዦ᝝ შྮྤੈ̣܅ˣܝĂт࿪̄ฎІăኢ ዦ᝝შྮ෹͛ώᅮֶᏥშྮన౯Ă౅࿅ ጪă࿪̄३ă࿪̄ഇΏă࿪̄ಡăშࢱඈĂ 62 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ ቢّ̈́ቢّ͞ёซҖܧٙѣ ͛ώӮΞͽТॡଳϡܧҭЯ෹͛ώ۞ᆷүྵኑᗔᄃӧᙱĂ֭ Ӏϡ෹ా̙ڍშྮү۰Ӯߏ೩ֻ෹͛ώ۞͛ώݭၗĂᔵ൒ ዦ᝝Ąಶშྮ෹͛ώ҃֏Ăт ͛ώ˘ᇹ۞ቢّዦ᝝͞הгΐˢ෹ాඕ۞Α ඕĂଳϡᄃዦ᝝Оٽटޝ࿪̄͛ώ̚Ξͽٺ ዦ᝝࠹Т̰ट۞࿪̄͛ώ҃ٺ͛ώ ёĂ݋࠹༊ܧቢّ۞ዦ᝝ϫ۞ֽ࠻Ă֭ܧਕĂҭಶ ቢّ͞ܧ͛ώ˵ਕͽהΒӣ෹ాඕĂӈߏٙᏜ۞შྮ෹͛ώĄ၆ ̏ćТᇹгĂዦ᝝О̚ ࢬޢොᛖॡĂΞͽАྯҌזᛖ ёซҖĂּт᝝ڦ۞ޢᛖԔཱིᄃ͛І౵ڦߏ૟͛І̚۞่ ͛ώ 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˘ᇹĂଳϡ็௚۞ࢱѨăౢ༼ඈಏҜĂҭϫ̈́טαă՟ѣቔ಼ࢨ Ąӈֹ࿪̄ᑫܮព۞ቔ಼ࢨ ۞˵Ϊߏࠎ˞ቢّዦ᝝̝͞ځफ़ѣྤהშྮ۩ม̙ညО ॾёĂ˘࣎࿪ཝᏈ၌ۍТ৽ώ˘ᇹ۞ଵפଳ ܜĂಶಫՄ۞পّ҃֏Ă࿪̄ᑫ९̝̰टט टৼဦ३۞Ԇፋ˘ࢱĂ҃ڱߏ൑ــ৽ૺ ̂̈ݒהߏͽटณֽܑ̂̈ϯĂ׎ͧ็௚Оޘ ࠷ՀкᐼхྤੈٙΚ̝۩มĂЯѩү۰д ᅮӀϡ໣ဂ˭ொଡคĂឰజ࿪ཝᏈ၌ၟଫ۞༼ Ꮘ၌༊̚ĂЯѩဦ३۞ᖙזٙਕܑன۞ ొ̶̰ट଀ͽொט඾үॡĂ൑ืЯቔ಼̂̈҃ࢨ มĂ҃შྮ෹͛ώΞෛࠎߏ૟ధк࿬༤۞ ࢱᄃ࿪ཝᏈ၌۞൪ࢬྯજຍཌྷߏ̙ጐ࠹Т۩ ट̰ొ̰ז͛ώଂγдԛёהĂү۰Ξͽд෹ ۞ĄѩγĂОۏ෹͛І̟ͯ߱ͽ௡Ъ۞ய ඕ྆ࢬ೩ֻՀк۞ྃ·ྤੈĂឰ᝝۰ෛᅮ ౌߏ׽ؠݭၗĂ᝝۰Ϊਕዦ᝝̰टĂ̙ਕ૟ా ೸ăࢦ௡ٕበᏭ̰टĂҭშྮ෹͛ώтٵࢋ҃ҋҖᏴፄĄ ι ͛ Т׎΁࿪̄͛ώ˘ᇹĂΞͽዦ᝝ĂࠤҌΞͽהಶү۰۞ྤੈ̰टϫ۞Ă̙გߏО гኑᄦă˭ྶٕበᏭĂӀϡܮឰ᝝۰͞ٸώٕߏშྮ෹͛ώĂү۰˘ؠົᏴፄዋЪ۞ ฟ னј۞࿪̄͛ώΝበᏭயϠዋЪ࣎ˠᅮՐ۞ הણ҂ྤੈᅃӄԆјҋ̎۞үݡĂΪߏЯО Ăү۰Ϊਕ າ͛ώĄט͛ώѣ˘ؠ۞γдणன۩มࢨ ၗ̙ᘦؠېдᙷҬ۞ிкણ҂ྤ໚̚Ᏼፄ౵ዋЪ۞˘ă ̣ăშྮྤੈݡኳ̙˘ͷ Ăͽ შྮྤੈᄃ็௚ဦ३ăഇΏඈྤੈ̝ய˭ט჌೩ֻ᝝۰ણ҂Ăٕߏдфᇴࢨ˟ д Ϡ඀Ԕ̙֭ТĂ็௚ྤੈ۞யϠᅮགྷ࿅ϒёڍؠณ۞͛фٕဦညΝܑ྿̰टĄҭт˘ ү۰Ԇј̝̰टૄώ˯ߏ݈ۍ඀ԔĂ΍ۍშྮᒖဩ˭ĂӈֹЯ҂ณ࿪̄ᑫ९็ᅍ̈́᝝ ΍ યᗟĂ҃ื૟࿅̂۞ᑫ९ซҖ̷ ᅮགྷ࿅૞छᆶߤĂͽቁܲྤੈ۞ݡኳĂ͍׎ޘి۞פ ݡՀߏͽѣ൑གྷ࿅ᚑᖰᆶߤ඀ۍг౅࿅ᑭ ጯఙّ۞΍ٽटޝ౷Ă̶೸̝࿪̄ᑫ९˵Ξͽ ݡᓏ᜖̝ࢦࢋ޽ᇾĂͷଂᆶߤăۍĄЯѩಶྤੈٙҫ۞၁វ۩ม Ԕࠎྍ΍זߤྙט৶፟ ෱࠹༊۞܅Ăፋ࣎߹඀ߏࢋהОۍ΍ז࠻ĂೀͯЍჄͯӈΞͽटৼፋइѺࡊБ३ ࣒Լֽ ၁វٙื۞۩มम෼ ॡมĄBurhill ̈́ Tubby-Hill޽΍Ăଂѣགྷ෱הБ̰͛टĂ׎׶О۞ ٙਈۍม۞ॡม෼ᗓĂဦ३΍̝ۍϒё΍ז ࠤ̂Ą͍׎ྤੈࡊԫ۞ԣిซՎĂྤੈ۞ᐼ д̙ᕝჟซĂЯѩԫ ෱۞πӮॡมࠎ5ѐĂߏഇΏπӮ3.5ѐॡมౌ˵ޘిפх۩ม̈́᝝ ˵జྋՙĂ ۞1.5ࢺĂĞො9ğӈֹߏՏ͟΍Ώ۞ಡ৽ޞఙᆸࢬ۞યᗟૄώ˯ౌߏΞͽഇ ็ٺிкྤੈ۞Ӏϡયᗟ݋ߏᅮࢋΐˢ࣎ˠ۞ ᅮࢋᆶቇඈ݈ཉүຽ۞ॡมĂЯѩ࠹၆҃ 64 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ ΁ࣇౌߏᖣٺϒёᓄႲ඀ԔĂშྮྤ໚֭՟ ࠎ௺੸ਝҖĂ˟۰࠹Ҭ̝఍д۞ۍ΍ה௚О ϫ۞۞࿅඀ĄܕԯᙯĂЇңਕֹϡშྮ۞ˠĂ Ϥ˘჌̙ᕝ࣒ϒਝ྽҃ᔌ۞טѣᆶߤ፟ ౌΞͽҋҖ૟Їңྤੈ˯ྶҌშྮ˯Ăซ҃ Ğො12ğЯࠎშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̙ည็௚ዦ᝝ ԣిĂݡኳ˵࠹༊ Ϊᅮ޷໰ү۰࿰న۞ྮቢҖซಶрĂᔵ൒შܜጱ࡭შྮྤ໚ณ̙ҭᆧ ቢّ͞ёዦפၗ࠹༊̙ᘦؠĂ ྮ෹͛ώ۞ዦ᝝͞ё˵ΞͽଳېĄѩγĂშྮྤੈ۞˘̙ Ă ᝝Ăҭ၆ү۰࿰న۞ቢّྮቢ̙௫ၚॡĂ᝝זಶߤྙ̙͇ځధ˵ੈྤ۞זனдΞͽ࠻ Ᏼፄֹ۞טѨԔࢨצតજߏ࠹༊೼࿆۞ன෪Ą ۰ΞͽᖣϤ෹ాඕ̙۞ੈྤ ϡĂ࣒ϒҋ̎Җซ۞ྮቢĂயϠྵዋЪҋ̎ ણăშྮ෹͛ώᄃ᝝۰̝ᙯܼ ዦ᝝۞ྮቢĂϺӈ෹͛ώ೩ֻ᝝۰Ωγ̙Т ௚ዦ᝝ૻአ۞˘࡭ّቢّѨԔĄ็ٺ צ၁˯ĂԧࣇனдϠ߿ధкᆸࢬ̏எְ ᔙซĄྤ 1976ѐĂRoland Barthes̝඾үĶү۰̝ົۤੈྤـࡊԫ̝ᇆᜩĂ֭̏ੈྤ ࡊԫԼត˞ˠᙷ۞็ᇫ͞ёĂซ҃Я็ᇫ ѪķĞThe Death of the Authorğ೩΍˘࣎ᙹੈ ё۞Լត҃Լត˞ˠᙷ౵ૄώ۞̼͛ᆸ ᖬ็௚ͽү۰ࠎ͕̚۞៍ᕇĂܑϯ̙გү۰͞ ࢬăϠ߿͞ёĂ఺׎̚˵Β߁˞၆ྤੈ۞ᄮ ۞ຍဦࠎңĂ͛ώ˘όజ൴ܑٕӔனĂ᝝۰ ޥᙊͽ̈́ዦ᝝ྤੈ۞ҖࠎĄ˘ֱ෹͛ώநኢጯ дᄃ͛ώ࠹࿃ॡĂ᝝۰ົͽ׎̼͛ਔඛ̈́ छĂтGeorge Landowӈ޽΍Ă࿪̄͛ώ۞ ҂Ă౹ౄ᝝۰ҋ̎۞ຍཌྷĂ˵ಶߏ૟͛ώ۞ ᝝۰֗˯Ăͽ᝝۰ࠎ̚ז΍ன่̙Լតԧࣇᄃ͛ώ̝ม۞ᙯܼĂ˵Լ ຍཌྷ̈́ྋᛖᝋᖼ ͛ጯ۩มĂ۞ّٸតԧࣇ၆ۢᙊ௡ᖐ۞͞ёĄĞො10ğΩჶώ ͕Ăኬ̟᝝۰౹ౄّăฟ ༄ି଱˵޽΍Ăዦ᝝ҖࠎЯ࿪̄ಫ̬۞΍ன Їң᝝۰࠰ѣ෸࿅ү۰҃ۡତྚᛖ͛ώ۞ᝋ யϠԼតĂԼត۞̙Ϊߏዦ᝝௫ၚ̈́ዦ᝝ ӀᄃΞਕّĂЯѩĂЇңү۰۞ᓏࢰ˘གྷᆷ҃ Ꮏ൒൑хĂͷ͛ώ۞ຍཌྷߏܮĂޢёĂᔘѣዦ᝝͕ந˯۞ᖼតĂͽ̈́၆ۢᙊ јĶ͛ķ͞ ҋү۰ĂֽܧϤ᝝۰࣎ˠ۞ྚᛖٙኬ̟Ă҃ ྤٺሀё۞ԼតĄĞො11ğᖎ֏̝ĂϤצତ ࡊԫౄಶშᅫშྮјࠎӔனྤੈາྶវĂ ЯѩĂ᝝۰۞ኚϠυืͽү۰۞Ѫ˸ࠎ΃ੈ ͽҋ̎۞ٺЯາಫវপّĂ᝝۰υืᖣϤ࿪ཝᏈ၌̖ ᆊĂͷ᝝۰Տ˘Ѩ۞ዦ᝝Ă˵ඈ֭ ਕৌϒ˞ྋშྮ෹͛ώ̝পঅΑਕĂЯѩଂ ྚᛖ͞ёࢦາซҖ˘Ѩ͛ώ۞ᆷүĄĞො შྮᒖဩ̈́෹͛ώপّĂԧࣇΞͽ൴னშྮ 13ğ זצٺ෹͛ώᄃ᝝۰̝มѣ˭Е̝൴णᙯܼĄ ၆Їңԛё۞͛ώ҃֏Ă᝝۰Ϥ ăခᐽ᝝۰ጱШ۞ዦ᝝͞ё ώ֗۞ିֈࡦഀăགྷរඈᇆᜩĂଂ͛ٙ̚ᒔ˘ நྋ̙֭˘ؠߏ௑Ъү۰̝ࣧຍĂЯѩ۞פ ෹͛ώநኢछTerence Harpold૟ዦ᝝ͧಔ 65 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1 Т˘ቔ͛ౢĂ̙Тˠዦ᝝ົѣ̙Т۞៍ຏĂ ࡁտពϯĂ᝝۰ซˢ˘࣎າშ৭ॡĂѣ78ƫ ᇾᗟٕၡࢋඈѣࢨ۞͛фזຍڦᒖဩᄃপኳĂֹ଀Barthesͽ ۞᝝۰ΪົٸΪߏშྮ۞ฟ ᝝۰ࠎ͛ώྚᛖ۰۞៍ᕇĂົЯ᝝۰Ξͽ଀ ྤੈĄĞො16ğౘ݄රͽТॡ׍ѣ৽ώ̈ᄲ ధкણ҂ྤੈͽ̙̈́Тዦ᝝ྮश̝ᏴፄĂ ̈́შྮ̈ᄲዦ᝝གྷរ۞᝝۰ࠎࡁտ၆෪൴ז შྮዦ᝝̙֭නዋĂዦ᝝࿪̄̈ᄲٺѣՀк̙Т۞ୁ൴ٕྚᛖĂࠤҌᑒӄ᝝۰ னĂϤ҃ ఼૱ߏᕱᜓّ۞ዦ᝝ĂĞො17ğѩγĂዦ᝝ ٺᖼࠎү۰̶֗೩΍Ω˘࣎າ۞͛ώĄϤ ᄃ ৽ώ̈ᄲॡĂ᝝۰ົుфዦ᝝ăྵะ̚ჟهBarthes Ķநຐ͛ώķĞthe ideal textğໄ ෹͛ώր௚дԛё˯ܧ૱࠹ҬĂЯѩGeorge ৠăͽዦ᝝ܜቔࠎ͹ćዦ᝝࿪̄̈ᄲॡĂ݋ িٽLandowᄮࠎ෹͛ώ̈ᄲ۞΍னΞᄲߏ၁ኹ ଳர᝝͞ёĂͷЯዦ᝝࿪̄̈ᄲீ༗ट ĂܜBarthesٙ೩΍۞நຐ͛ώĄĞො14ğΩ ౻ĂЯѩዦ᝝ॡมౌ̙̈́ዦ᝝৽ώ̈ᄲ˞ ൺቔ̈ᄲĄĞො18ğJakobٺγĂ၆ү۰҃֏Ă෹͛ώ۞ϫ۞д೩ֻ᝝۰ ዦ᝝۞˵ߏᛳ িٽࢬ၆Ꮘ၌۞ዦ᝝ˠटٺҋҖᏴፄ۞ᝋӀĂ̙ૻ࢝᝝۰˘࡭ّ۞ዦ᝝ Nielsen޽΍ĂϤ ຍᙊгຐ߄Ᏼ΍˭ົܮώ֗۞үݡ׍ѣૻধ͔ጱ᝝ ࢽĂЯѩдዦ᝝ॡĂڍѨԔĂЯѩт ۰ೈ˘ؠ۞ዦ᝝ѨԔĂืͽారّ۞ୃࢗ͞ ᙯᔣфĂ̙҃ߏ˘ҖҖгዦ᝝Ăፂ׎1997ѐ פቢّዦ᝝ ٙซҖ۞ࡁտአߤពϯĂѣ79ƫ۞᝝۰ଳܧёౘ̰ࢗटॡĂ݋̙֭ዋЪଳϡ ё̝щଵĄ ᕱᜓ͞ёซҖዦ᝝შࢱĂ่ѣ16ƫ۞᝝۰ߏ͞ ଳుфዦ᝝͞ёĄĞො19ğΩᆒݻӖඈˠ၆ ޘăშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝͹ࢋߏᕱᜓͷዦ᝝ి˟ ࿪̄ಡ۞ࡁտ˵͚޺Ă̙ኢߏዦ᝝࿪̄ಡٕ ၙྵ Ă၆᝝ّܮॡมд࿪ཝᏈ၌˯ዦ᝝ྤफ़ ็௚ಡ৽Ăዦ᝝˯۞නዋّ̈́͞ܜࡁտពϯ ߏනዋ۞ዦ᝝ҖࠎĂጱ࡭᝝۰̙ߏ૟ྤफ़ ۰̪ߏࢦࢋ۞҂ณЯ৵ĄĞො20ğ̙ тО̙ޘژЕО˭ֽͽᗓቢ͞ёዦ᝝Ăಶߏͽԣిᕱᜓ ѩγĂЯϫ݈࿪ཝᏈ၌۞ྋ িٽ͛ώ̝୻೽Ăጱ࡭࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝टה ΃ྎ௟ዦ᝝۞ሀёĄP.
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