A Study of Hypertext Reading on the Internet ૺࢢቶŎ Yu-Wei Chang

ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğࢱ59-79סဦ३ྤੈጯΏௐ 1

შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ A Study of Hypertext Reading on the Internet ૺࢢቶŎ Yu-Wei Chang

ၡࢋ multiple developments of reading and provide ቢّ̈́ another choice for the readers. Linear reading isܧ͛ώӮΞͽଳϡה෹͛ώ̈́О .ቢّ͞ёซҖዦ᝝ĂΪߏྤੈࡊԫ۞ᐹ๕Ξ still the main reading style in the society ͽឰ෹͛ώ۞পᕇдშྮ˯Ξͽ൴೭۞Հ However, information technology changes the рĂ೩ֻ᝝۰Ω˘჌ዦ᝝͞ё۞ᏴፄĄቢّ way of communication and even changes the .ዦ᝝̪ߏۤົ̂ி౵͹ࢋ۞ዦ᝝ݭၗĂҭЯ peopleŅs culture including the reading habit ࠎྤੈࡊԫԼត˞ˠᙷ̝็ᇫ͞ёĂซ҃Լ This paper will focus on the difference between តΒ߁ዦ᝝͞ёд̰۞ˠᙷ̼͛ݭၗĂ߇შ the hypertext reading on the Internet and the ͛ώዦ᝝̝मளĂߏώ printed text reading. Although Internet brings aה෹͛ώዦ᝝ᄃОྮ ͛ᙯ͕۞ࢦᕇĄშྮ۞΍னឰዦ᝝ѣາ۞ࢬ new reading style, the interaction between the ᄻ΍னĂҭৌϒ׶᝝۰யϠ̢જ۞ߏ̰टĂ text and the reader is the information content γдྶវĂ߇̙გߏშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝ٕ instead of the carrier. Therefore, the importantܧ҃ ௚ዦ᝝Ăࢦࢋ۞ኝᗟӮߏтң೩̿ዦ᝝̝ issue for the hypertext reading on the Internet็ ݡኳĂͽ႕֖᝝۰̝ዦ᝝ᅮՐĄ or the conventional reading is the improvement on the reading quality in order to satisfy the Abstract reader's need. The hypertext and the printed text can be read in a non-linear or a linear way. The ᙯᔣෟĈშᅫშྮă෹͛ώăዦ᝝ advantages of information technology favor the KeywordsĈInternet; Hypertext; Reading

ϲέ៉̂ጯဦ३ྤੈࡁտٙ౾̀Ϡ઼+ (Doctoral Student, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University)

59 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

ಥă݈֏ ಫ̬۞ତৼĂซ҃யϠາ۞৵ዳĞliteracyğ ߏ׽ؠ̙ត۞Ăܧၹ۞࿅඀Ă˵ಶߏྋ યᗟĂЯѩ৵ዳ۞ؠཌྷ֭ޙዦ᝝ߏ˘჌ຍཌྷ ᛖဦ͛ຍཌྷ۞જүĞො1ğĂ౅࿅ዦ᝝ˠࣇ଀ ҃ߏᄃ༊ॡ̝ࡊԫᒖဩ૜̷࠹ᙯĄĞො3ğ םͽӛќۢᙊซ҃౅࿅็ᇫ็ٚۢᙊĂЯѩዦ ࢬ၆შྮ็ᇫॡ΃۞ֽᓜĂ઼ᅫዦ᝝ ᝝˘ۡᄃۢᙊܲ޺૜̷ᙯܼĂ͍׎Վˢۢᙊ ົĞInternational Reading Associationğ޽ Ӏ ΍Ă็௚۞᝝ᆷზૄώ઼ϔ৵ዳ̙֖̏ૉĂۋགྷᑻॡ΃Ăۢᙊј˞Ч઼౵ѣӀ۞ᚮ Ăซ҃Հֹܳ͵ࠧЧ઼၆ዦ᝝۞ࢦෛĄགྷ ԧࣇᔘᅮࢋጯົтңᄃ࿪ཝ໛఼ĄĞො4ğૄ ᑻЪүၱ൴ण௡ᖐĞOrganization for ពϯშྮॡ΃Ă࿪ཝᄃშᅫშྮ̏ඕЪјࠎ ࢦࢋ۞็ᇫಫ̬Ăጱ࡭࿪̄ώ͛˵ฟޝEconomic Cooperation and DevelopmentĂᖎ ˘࣎ ĂЯѩშᅫშྮ၆ྤੈ̰ट۞ӔܜჍOECDğᄮࠎዦ᝝ਕ˧ܼෞณЧ઼ିֈវ ؕԣిј ࢦࢋ޽ᇾĂЯѩ่̙ጯ७ னѣңᇆᜩĉপҾߏ෹͛ώдშྮᒖဩ˭Ă۞˧ۋր̈́ˠ̖ᚮ ϒёିֈ፟ၹՀ૟ዦ ၆᝝۰ዦ᝝Җࠎ̝ᇆᜩߏώ̝͛͹ࢋᛉᗟĄܧࢦෛዦ᝝Ăဦ३ᐡඈ ͛ώ̝ዦ᝝Ă෹͛ώ۞൴ण።Ϋ࠹ה᝝ଯᇃෛࠎࢦࢋ̍ү̝˘ĄĞො2ğ ࠹ྵО إᄬ็ᇫॡ ༊ൺᇶĂপҾߏ෹͛ώдშྮᒖဩ̝൴ण˾ٺˠᙷд͛ф΍ன݈Ăܼ఍ ഇĂͽᄬ֏үࠎ໛఼ᄃ็ᇫ͞ёć͛ф΍ன ϏјሢĂѣᙯ᝝۰ώ֗ዦ᝝Җࠎ۞ࡁտ̙֭ Ăˠᙷซˢ͛ф̈́३ᆷ็ᇫॡഇĂฟؕਕ кĂࠤҌЯშྮ෹͛ώ̝ዦ᝝̙ࠤ೼࿆Ăጱޢ ΃ܑϏֽ̂кڱ൑إ͛ᚥ۞ ࡭᝝۰̝ዦ᝝Җࠎࡁտٺ૟ˠᙷۢᙊͽ͛фࡔᐂ˭ֽĄҭϤ ዦ᝝˘ۡߏˠᙷ̼͛ٺᇴ᝝۰̝ҖࠎĄҭϤ ޝኑώ࠰ᅮˠ̍۞ుфԨᆷĂ߇͛ᚥயณߏ ล߱Ă ൴ण۞८͕ᛉᗟĂΐ˯შྮ̏ు႙எˢԧࣇהĂซˢОޢځఙ൴הОזĂۡ۞͌ ଀ͽ̂ఢሀኑᄦ͛ᚥ̟ͽᇃ̂г߹఼Ăֹ ۞ధкϠ߿ᆸࢬĂЯѩዦ᝝дშྮॡ΃۞൴̖ ࿪ णߏࣃ଀ԧࣇΝ៍၅Ąޢᙊ଀ͽҋ͌ᇴჟࡻ͘̚็ҶฟֽĄᐌۢ ͛ф۞ෛᛇ̈́ ੫၆˯ࢗયᗟĂώ͛૟შྮዦ᝝̝ᛉᗟܧĂֹځă࿪ෛă࿪ᇆඈ൴ྖ ࢦෛĂ֭д ࢨؠд෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅ĂࣧЯߏშྮྤੈזצ᝘ᛇ็ᇫЯາಫវ۞΍ன҃ ͛ώ۞הБߏ෹͛ώĂధкྤੈΪߏОܧ֭ ĂϒёՎˢޢშྮฟୁˠᙷΩ˘Ѩ็ᇫࢭ׻ ෹ಫវ۞к̮̼ྤੈॡ΃Ą̙ҭ͛фăဦ ࿪̄ᑫ҃̏Ăּт࿪̄ฎІٕ࿪̄ഇΏ͛ ăᇆညăᓏࢰăજ൪ඈЧ჌ྤफ़ᙷݭӮΞ ౢĂЯѩ၆᝝۰҃֏Ă่ߏӔனྤफ़۞ಫՄͯ ͽჸะд࿪̄͛ώ̚Ă౅࿅࿪ཝᏈ၌Ӕனд Ϥ৽ώԼј࿪ཝᏈ၌Ăͷགྷ࿅ЕО΍ֽ̙֭ Яྤੈࡊڍ᝝۰ࢬ݈Ă೩ֻ׎Ω˘჌ዦ᝝͞ё۞ᏴፄĂ ົᇆᜩྤੈඕၹ̝পّĄҭߏт Тॡ˵Яࠎԧࣇ၆შᅫშྮ఺࣎ૻ̂็ᇫາ ԫጱ࡭͛ώ۞ඕၹᄃӔன͞ёѣາ۞ࡎ৔Ă

60 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

ᜈّ۞३ᆷ̈́ዦ᝝͞ాܧт෹͛ώΪਕдд࿪̄ᒖဩ̖̚ਕԆБ൴ ࿪ཝᏈ၌˯̝˘჌ּ ధкጯ۰˵ౌഅ၆෹͛ώޢኑᗔ۞পّĂ֤ᆃԼត᝝۰۞̙ ёķĄĞො5ğ̝ޝ೭׎Ξͽ ߏᅮ౅࿅࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝ĂТॡ˵೩ֻ᝝۰ ˭࿅ؠཌྷĂּтGeorge Landowؠཌྷ෹͛ώ่ ௚ቢّዦ᝝۞ᏴፄĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ ࠎĶӀϡ࿪ཝ෹෸็௚३ᆷ͛ф۞ቢّăѣ็ٺТ̙ ώ۞ዦ᝝၆᝝۰૟ߏΩ˘჌າ۞ዦ᝝វរᄃ ቑಛ̈́׽ؠ۞পّķĄĞො6ğᖎ֏̝Ă෹͛ ጯ௫Ă˵ߏώ͛ٙࢋଣ੅۞ቑಛĄ ώߏ౅࿅ాඕĞlinkğ۞ඕၹĂ૟͛ώ̰࿰ న۞༼ᕇĞnodesğ̟ͽాତĂ͞ёߏдྤ ෮ăშྮ෹͛ώ̝໚੓ᄃপّ ੈ༼ᕇ఍ΐˢ෹ాඕ۞ΑਕĂ೩ֻ᝝۰ዦ᝝ Ϗ΍ன݈Ăإ෹͛ώߏ˘჌࿪̄͛ώĂιυืд࿪̄ Җซ͞Ш۞ᏴፄĂΪߏдშྮ ቢّ͞ёҋϤொજ۞ྤܧቢّዦ᝝পҒĂҭ ෹͛ώ೩ֻ᝝۰ͽܧᒖဩ˭Ă̖ਕࡎពι۞ Ă݋ޢಏέ࿪ཝĂ҃შྮ΍னٺࠎૻአώ͛୬ଣ੅̝შྮᒖဩĂώ͛পгд ੈ۩ม่ࢨ ෹͛ώ݈ࢬΐ˯შྮ˟࣎фͽઇડҾĂҭ၁ ૟᝝۰ΞҋϤொજ۞ྤੈมᕖ̂ࠎፋ࣎შྮ ᅫ˯෹͛ώ۞পّߏዋϡдٙѣ࿪̄ᒖဩĂ ᅳાĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ώणன۞ߏ˘჌ͽ༼ᕇ Ϊߏშྮᒖဩૻአ࣎Ҿ۞࿪̄ᒖဩߏΞͽ࠹ ࠎૄᖂ۞ాඕშྮĂΞͽឰ᝝۰ҋϤгਝҖ ѩ۞ాඕ҃ᕖ̂෹͛ώ۞ дშྮ͵ࠧ̚Ąك໛఼Ăซ҃Я̢ ߿જቑಛĂϺӈ෹͛ώЯშᅫშྮ఺࣎າ็ Яѩଂ෹͛ώώ֗۞͛ώপّĂͽ̈́ٙ ĂΞͽᕩৼ΍შྮ෹͛ژᇫಫវ۞ૻ̂็ᇫΑਕ̈́পّĂ଀ͽ૟ώ֗ ఍̝შྮᒖဩ̶ֽ Ӏܮቢّ͞ё̝Ᏼ ώ׍ѣ෹ಫវăᅮᖣӄ፟ጡ̖ਕዦ᝝ăܧপّՀр۞൴೭Ă೩ֻ᝝۰ ׽ؠԛ̈́טቢّ̝ዦ᝝͞ёă՟ѣቔ಼ࢨܧ ፄĄ ၗ̙ᘦؠඈপّĂਬې໚ វĂͽ̈́ݡኳ̙˘ͷܼه၁˯Ăშྮ෹͛ώ۞෹͛ώໄְ т˭ĈځŇAs We May ̶Ҿᄲٺҋ1945ѐVannevar BushĂ Ą ˘ă෹ಫវهThinkŇ˘͛ٙ̚೩΍̝Memexր௚ໄ ޢ৷ოߏ͛фݭၗĂ̝ܐMemexߏЯᑕᘀ̂ྤफ़ᐼхᄃᑭ৶ᅮՐ̝ၹ შྮ෹͛ώ౵ ᐌ඾࿪ཝԫఙ̝ซՎĂဦညăᓏࢰăᇆညă זຐր௚Ă౅࿅ྤੈాඕĂֹϡ۰଀ͽᑭ৶ ͛ф۞׎΁ྤੈ჌ᙷ˵ΒӣซΝĂܧᙷҬˠᙷ̂ཝ૟পؠ࠹ᙯ જ൪ඈه࠹ᙯྤੈĂ׎ໄ ˘Bushᇆᜩ Яѩனдშྮ෹͛ώ۞ຍཌྷ̙֭݀ࢨдಏזצޢІాඕд˘੓۞͞ёĄְ̝ 1965ѐ൴ܑ ŇLiterary ۞͛фྤੈĂ҃ߏѣ෹ಫវĞhypermediağٺTed NelsonĂ۞ Ą෹ಫវ఺࣎າЩෟ۞΍னܼϡͽૻهMachinesŇ ˘͛Ăϒё೩΍Ķ෹͛ώķ ۞ໄ Ğhypertextğ఺࣎ЩෟĂ֭૟̝ؠཌྷࠎĶд አშྮྤੈ۞к̮ಫវপّĂְ၁˯Ă෹ಫ

61 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

ĂГซҖޢߏЕО΍ֽڍវ۞யϠܼͽ෹͛ώࠎૄᖂĂГΐˢкಫវ ࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝Ăт ͛ώהপّĂЯѩ෹ಫវ˜෹͛ώ̝ؼҩĂ ৽ώ͛І۞ዦ᝝Ă݋˫ᖼೱࠎ็௚О۞ hypermediaӈߏhypertextᄃmultimedia˟۰̝ ۞ዦ᝝ĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ૄώ݈೩̝ ඕЪᄬĂͷд၁ᅫֹϡ˯Ă෹͛ώᄃ෹ಫវ ˘ߏ᝝۰ืѣΞዦ᝝ྤੈ۞Ķ፟ጡķĄᔵ൒ ஄ࠎ˘ኘĂјࠎ˘࣎ТཌྷෟĄѩγĂϤ Ч჌შྮྤੈӮͽ0ᄃ1۞Ҝ̮͞ёᐼхĂҭ̏˵ ͛фăဦͯăᓏࢰăᇆည̈́જ൪ĂӮߏ͛ ᝝۰ࢬ၆۞ߏЧ჌̙Тᑫ९ॾё۞࿪̄ᑫĂٺ ዦ᝝హវ̖ਕึӀ᝝۞פІ۞˘჌ĂЯѩѣˠᄮࠎĶ෹͛Іķ υืѣ࠹၆ᑕΞ᝝ ᑫ९Ă߇дͧྵ˯Ăშྮ෹͛ώ̝ዦ᝝̙פ Ğhyperdocumentğ఺࣎Щෟͧ෹͛ώՀਕܑ Ӏܮ͛ώ׍ѣᐌ֗ᛸ૲̈́ۡତዦ᝝۞ה੅ тОܮ྿࿪̄͛ώ̝உᄏቑಛĞො7ğĂҭࠎ͞ ኢĂώ͛௚˘ͽ෹͛ώ఺࣎౵૱֍۞Щෟֽ ّĄ ϯ࠹ᙯЩෟ̝ຍཌྷĄ ఼ੈࡊԫ̝ซՎĂֹ଀ᅅμ۞PDA ăܑ ፟̈́͘࿪̄३˵јࠎშྮྤੈ۞ዦ᝝፟ጡĂ ܧშྮᔵ൒Ξͽणன෹ಫវྤੈĂҭ֭ ٙѣშྮྤੈӮߏТॡඕЪк჌ྤੈԛၗĂ Яѣֱ࿪̄३۞̂̈ᄃ၁វ३ᚱ͎̇˘ᇹĂ Ă̈ޝΞਕ่ߏಏ৷۞࿪̄͛ІĂϏѣЇң෹͛ώ Яѩͧྵ˯ĂPDÄ́፟͘۞ዦ᝝Ꮘ၌ फ़टณĂྤ۞ז࣎൪ࢬٙਕᕱᜓ˘טপّĂ߇ಶቑಛ˯Ă෹͛ώΪߏ࿪̄͛ώ ᚑࢦࢨ۞ ዦ᝝Ąΐ˯Ϊࢋ఺ֱ፟ጡ˘ᙯ፟Ăྤٺ჌Ăೱ֏̝Ă෹͛ώΪߏϫ݈შྮᒖဩ ̙ዋ˘۞ ͛Іߏͽ׽הОٺ͛ώͧྵĂᔵ൒ ੈ˵ᐌӈᇶॡঐεĂ̙Тה჌࿪̄͛ώĄᄃО˘̝˭ តڱኳ˯඾ᐂĂ൑ۏ৽ૺѩ჌ٺ͛ώ˵Ξͽລ੨ᐂࢰ૲ăᐂᇆ૲ඈෛ᝘ ؠ۞͛фהО ੈྤז̙צಫវ˘੓ֹϡĂҭ̙֭ߏ૟Ч჌ԛё۞ྤੈ જĂЯѩშྮྤੈ૱૱ឰ᝝۰ຏ Ă̙т ۞၁វৌ၁ຏĂጱ࡭ѣֱ᝝۰௫ၚЯщБّ˯ّܮะЪдТ˘࣎ࢱࢬ˯Ă߇д͞ შྮྤफ़ΞͽдТ˘࣎Ꮘ၌൪ࢬ˯Тॡჸะ ҂ณĂ௫ၚ૟შྮྤੈΩγᐼх˘ЊĂٕۡ Ч჌ݭၗ۞ྤੈĂЯѩ෹ಫវপّܼ࿪̄͛ ତЕО˭ֽĄ༊൒ЕО΍ֽ۞˘࣎ᐹᕇߏᆧ ͛ІĂ۞ܜޝώ۞˘̂ࡎ৔ĄΩ༊෹͛ώ࿃˯შᅫშྮĂ ΐዦ᝝۞නዋّĂপҾߏ̰ट ၁វ̝щБ౯זੵ˞Ξ૟ాඕ۞ྤੈቑಛᕖ̂ࠎፋ࣎შྮ͵ ТॡΩ˘࣎ᐹᕇߏΞۡତ࠻ ᐼхפ᝝ڱࠧγĂᔘਕЯშᅫშྮ۞ૻ̂็ᇫਕ˧Ă૟ ЊĂͽ֨Я࿪ཝ߲̚ඈયᗟ҃൑ ൴೭۞ՀрĂԼតԧࣇ၆͛ώඕ ̝ᑫ९Ąڍड़۞ੈྤ ቢّ̝ዦ᝝͞ёܧӀܮၹᄃӔன͞ё۞็௚О෪Ą ˬă ˟ăᅮᖣӄ፟ጡ̖ਕዦ᝝ შྮྤੈ̣܅ˣܝĂт࿪̄ฎІăኢ ዦ᝝შྮ෹͛ώᅮֶᏥშྮన౯Ă౅࿅ ጪă࿪̄३ă࿪̄ഇΏă࿪̄ಡăშࢱඈĂ

62 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

ቢّ̈́ቢّ͞ёซҖܧٙѣ ͛ώӮΞͽТॡଳϡܧҭЯ෹͛ώ۞ᆷүྵኑᗔᄃӧᙱĂ֭ Ӏϡ෹ా̙ڍშྮү۰Ӯߏ೩ֻ෹͛ώ۞͛ώݭၗĂᔵ൒ ዦ᝝Ąಶშྮ෹͛ώ҃֏Ăт ͛ώ˘ᇹ۞ቢّዦ᝝͞הгΐˢ෹ాඕ۞Α ඕĂଳϡᄃዦ᝝Оٽटޝ࿪̄͛ώ̚Ξͽٺ ዦ᝝࠹Т̰ट۞࿪̄͛ώ҃ٺ͛ώ ёĂ݋࠹༊ܧቢّ۞ዦ᝝ϫ۞ֽ࠻Ă֭ܧਕĂҭಶ ቢّ͞ܧ͛ώ˵ਕͽהΒӣ෹ాඕĂӈߏٙᏜ۞შྮ෹͛ώĄ၆ ̏ćТᇹгĂዦ᝝О̚ ࢬޢොᛖॡĂΞͽАྯҌזᛖ ёซҖĂּт᝝ڦ۞ޢᛖԔཱིᄃ͛І౵ڦߏ૟͛І̚۞่ ͛ώ ۞ොᛖ఍ߤ࠻ྎ௟ྋᛖĂٕߏТॡણ໰рೀהϲ෹ాඕ̝࿪̄͛ώĂ׎ᄃОޙफ़ྤ ώ࠹ᙯྤफ़Ăֶ࣎ˠᅮՐд̙Т჌ᙷྤफ़ม ޝٙਕ೩ֻ۞Αਕ֭൑͉̂मளĂΪਕზߏ ͛ώ۞࿪̄͛ώĄ ࠹̢ણ҂ĄהОܕତ ഇ൴ण۞ ༊შྮ෹͛ώᄃዦ᝝ాᘭ੓ֽॡĂ၁ᅫܜЯ็௚۞ዦ᝝͞ё̏ߏˠᙷ Ă˘࣎ߏዦ᝝෹͛هᙱдൺॡมӈ ˯ᔳӣ˞˟࣎࠹ᙯໄޝሀёĂЯѩ৽ώ۞ዦ᝝௫ၚ ቢّ͞ёֽซҖዦ᝝Ă݈ܧᖼೱࠎ࿪ཝᏈ၌۞ዦ᝝Ąࠎ҂ณ᝝۰၆็௚ ώĂΩ˘࣎ߏͽ ۰݋ૻአዦ᝝͞ޢ͛ώ ۰͹ࢋдૻአዦ᝝ಫវĂה৽ώ۞ֶ᝽ĂధкშྮྤੈΪߏ૟О જᖼೱࠎ࿪̄͛ώ҃̏Ă߇၆᝝۰҃ ёĄĞො8ğҭૄώ˯Ăੵ˞ણ҂̍׍३Ă̙ދࣧ ଀ֽ໚Ăͷѣ тф׏ٕѺࡊБ३ߏࠎ˞ྋՙপؠયᗟĂΪפ֏Ă࿪̄͛ώܼк˘჌ྤੈ Бߏ੫ ᅮዦ᝝ඍ९ٙд̝ࢱѨӈԆјЇચγĂ˘ਠܧᅍĂЯѩშྮྤੈ֭็۞ੈྤٺӀ ԍБొዦ᝝ࠎϫז͛ώ͹ࢋܼͽଂᐝה၆࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝҃నࢍĂѣֱ่ߏӀϡშྮ ̝О ҂͞ёүࠎ३ޥ଀ᄃ็ᅍĄ ۞ĂЯѩү۰˵ົͽቢّ۞פ᝝۰۞ܮૻ̂็ᇫਕ˧Ă͞۞ ॾё ᆷ۞ܑனĂ˵ಶߏ࿰న᝝۰ߏͽቢّѨԔซۍтPDFᑫ९ܼࠎЕО҃నࢍĂ׎ଵּ ԆБ˘ᇹĂϺӈϫ۞дܲхࣧؕ Җዦ᝝Ą͍׎ߏ׍ѣారّ۞߇ְ३Ă᝝۰הᄃ৽ώО ୻຾߇ڱ௫ၚͽቢّѨԔዦ᝝ĂͽҺ൑ــ ͛І۞ᇹёĂЯѩPDFᑫ९۞͛ффវ̂̈ Ă෹˯ޘĂֹϡ͞ ְଐ༼ֽ̝ᐷΝਔĂЯѩдͧྵ඀̂ٸϏ҂ᇋࢋд࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝֭҃ ᝝۰ܮёҋ൒ܼዋЪАЕО΍ֽĂГซҖ৽ώ۞ዦ ͛ώдშྮૻ̂Αਕ͚޺˭ĂߏՀ͞ ቢّዦ᝝ᔵ൒ܧቢّ۞͞ёซҖዦ᝝Ąܧ᝝Ăᔵ൒PDF˵೩ֻ෹ాඕ̈́በᏭ࣒Լ۞Α ͽ ਕĂҭ׎̙֭ߏPDF۞͹ࢋϫ۞Ą ̙ߏ෹͛ώ̖ਕซҖ̝পኳĂҭ̙Ξӎᄮ ቢّዦ᝝̝ซܧܮቢّዦ᝝͞ гĂ෹͛ώ۞నࢍܼ͞ܧშྮ෹͛ώٙ೩ֻ۞ٺҌ ቢّኑܧёĂ̙֭ߏშྮ෹͛ώ۞፾ѣপّĂЯࠎО ҖĂშྮᒖဩ˭෹͛ώٙਕពϯ̝ ͛ώٙਕܑன۞Ăͷშྮ෹ה͛ώ˵ѣොᛖăણ҂३ϫă৶͔ඈᙷҬ෹ ᗔপّ̙ߏОה ͛ώ˵ΞТॡ೩ֻ᝝۰ͽቢّ͞ё۞ዦ᝝Ᏼ ה͛ώ෹ాඕ̝ඕၹĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ώᄃО

63 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

ፄĂЯѩშྮ෹͛ώొҭѣ็௚ዦ᝝̝প ംᇊΝචΐӀϡĄ הࢬበଵТ৽ώОۍĂՀѣາ۞ዦ᝝পّĄ ᔵ൒ధк࿪̄ᑫ۞ّ ׽ؠԛវ ˘ᇹĂଳϡ็௚۞ࢱѨăౢ༼ඈಏҜĂҭϫ̈́טαă՟ѣቔ಼ࢨ Ąӈֹ࿪̄ᑫܮព۞ቔ಼ࢨ ۞˵Ϊߏࠎ˞ቢّዦ᝝̝͞ځफ़ѣྤהშྮ۩ม̙ညО ॾёĂ˘࣎࿪ཝᏈ၌ۍТ৽ώ˘ᇹ۞ଵפଳ ܜĂಶಫՄ۞পّ҃֏Ă࿪̄ᑫ९̝̰टט टৼဦ३۞Ԇፋ˘ࢱĂ҃ڱߏ൑ــ৽ૺ ̂̈ݒהߏͽटณֽܑ̂̈ϯĂ׎ͧ็௚Оޘ ࠷ՀкᐼхྤੈٙΚ̝۩มĂЯѩү۰д ᅮӀϡ໣ဂ˭ொଡคĂឰజ࿪ཝᏈ၌ၟଫ۞༼ Ꮘ၌༊̚ĂЯѩဦ३۞ᖙזٙਕܑன۞ ొ̶̰ट଀ͽொט඾үॡĂ൑ืЯቔ಼̂̈҃ࢨ มĂ҃შྮ෹͛ώΞෛࠎߏ૟ధк࿬༤۞ ࢱᄃ࿪ཝᏈ၌۞൪ࢬྯજຍཌྷߏ̙ጐ࠹Т۩ ट̰ొ̰ז͛ώଂγдԛёהĂү۰Ξͽд෹ ۞ĄѩγĂОۏ෹͛І̟ͯ߱ͽ௡Ъ۞ய ඕ྆ࢬ೩ֻՀк۞ྃ·ྤੈĂឰ᝝۰ෛᅮ ౌߏ׽ؠݭၗĂ᝝۰Ϊਕዦ᝝̰टĂ̙ਕ૟ా ೸ăࢦ௡ٕበᏭ̰टĂҭშྮ෹͛ώтٵࢋ҃ҋҖᏴፄĄ ι ͛ Т׎΁࿪̄͛ώ˘ᇹĂΞͽዦ᝝ĂࠤҌΞͽהಶү۰۞ྤੈ̰टϫ۞Ă̙გߏО гኑᄦă˭ྶٕበᏭĂӀϡܮឰ᝝۰͞ٸώٕߏშྮ෹͛ώĂү۰˘ؠົᏴፄዋЪ۞ ฟ னј۞࿪̄͛ώΝበᏭயϠዋЪ࣎ˠᅮՐ۞ הણ҂ྤੈᅃӄԆјҋ̎۞үݡĂΪߏЯО Ăү۰Ϊਕ າ͛ώĄט͛ώѣ˘ؠ۞γдणன۩มࢨ ၗ̙ᘦؠېдᙷҬ۞ிкણ҂ྤ໚̚Ᏼፄ౵ዋЪ۞˘ă ̣ăშྮྤੈݡኳ̙˘ͷ Ăͽ შྮྤੈᄃ็௚ဦ३ăഇΏඈྤੈ̝ய˭ט჌೩ֻ᝝۰ણ҂Ăٕߏдфᇴࢨ˟ д Ϡ඀Ԕ̙֭ТĂ็௚ྤੈ۞யϠᅮགྷ࿅ϒёڍؠณ۞͛фٕဦညΝܑ྿̰टĄҭт˘ ү۰Ԇј̝̰टૄώ˯ߏ݈ۍ඀ԔĂ΍ۍშྮᒖဩ˭ĂӈֹЯ҂ณ࿪̄ᑫ९็ᅍ̈́᝝ ΍ યᗟĂ҃ื૟࿅̂۞ᑫ९ซҖ̷ ᅮགྷ࿅૞छᆶߤĂͽቁܲྤੈ۞ݡኳĂ͍׎ޘి۞פ ݡՀߏͽѣ൑གྷ࿅ᚑᖰᆶߤ඀ۍг౅࿅ᑭ ጯఙّ۞΍ٽटޝ౷Ă̶೸̝࿪̄ᑫ९˵Ξͽ ݡᓏ᜖̝ࢦࢋ޽ᇾĂͷଂᆶߤăۍĄЯѩಶྤੈٙҫ۞၁វ۩ม Ԕࠎྍ΍זߤྙט৶፟ ෱࠹༊۞܅Ăፋ࣎߹඀ߏࢋהОۍ΍ז࠻ĂೀͯЍჄͯӈΞͽटৼፋइѺࡊБ३ ࣒Լֽ ၁វٙื۞۩มम෼ ॡมĄBurhill ̈́ Tubby-Hill޽΍Ăଂѣགྷ෱הБ̰͛टĂ׎׶О۞ ٙਈۍม۞ॡม෼ᗓĂဦ३΍̝ۍϒё΍ז ࠤ̂Ą͍׎ྤੈࡊԫ۞ԣిซՎĂྤੈ۞ᐼ д̙ᕝჟซĂЯѩԫ ෱۞πӮॡมࠎ5ѐĂߏഇΏπӮ3.5ѐॡมౌ˵ޘిפх۩ม̈́᝝ ˵జྋՙĂ ۞1.5ࢺĂĞො9ğӈֹߏՏ͟΍Ώ۞ಡ৽ޞఙᆸࢬ۞યᗟૄώ˯ౌߏΞͽഇ ็ٺிкྤੈ۞Ӏϡયᗟ݋ߏᅮࢋΐˢ࣎ˠ۞ ᅮࢋᆶቇඈ݈ཉүຽ۞ॡมĂЯѩ࠹၆҃

64 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

΁ࣇౌߏᖣٺϒёᓄႲ඀ԔĂშྮྤ໚֭՟ ࠎ௺੸ਝҖĂ˟۰࠹Ҭ̝఍д۞ۍ΍ה௚О ϫ۞۞࿅඀ĄܕԯᙯĂЇңਕֹϡშྮ۞ˠĂ Ϥ˘჌̙ᕝ࣒ϒਝ྽҃ᔌ۞טѣᆶߤ፟ ౌΞͽҋҖ૟Їңྤੈ˯ྶҌშྮ˯Ăซ҃ Ğො12ğЯࠎშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̙ည็௚ዦ᝝ ԣిĂݡኳ˵࠹༊ Ϊᅮ޷໰ү۰࿰న۞ྮቢҖซಶрĂᔵ൒შܜጱ࡭შྮྤ໚ณ̙ҭᆧ ቢّ͞ёዦפၗ࠹༊̙ᘦؠĂ ྮ෹͛ώ۞ዦ᝝͞ё˵ΞͽଳېĄѩγĂშྮྤੈ۞˘̙ Ă ᝝Ăҭ၆ү۰࿰న۞ቢّྮቢ̙௫ၚॡĂ᝝זಶߤྙ̙͇ځధ˵ੈྤ۞זனдΞͽ࠻ Ᏼፄֹ۞טѨԔࢨצតજߏ࠹༊೼࿆۞ன෪Ą ۰ΞͽᖣϤ෹ాඕ̙۞ੈྤ ϡĂ࣒ϒҋ̎Җซ۞ྮቢĂயϠྵዋЪҋ̎ ણăშྮ෹͛ώᄃ᝝۰̝ᙯܼ ዦ᝝۞ྮቢĂϺӈ෹͛ώ೩ֻ᝝۰Ωγ̙Т ௚ዦ᝝ૻአ۞˘࡭ّቢّѨԔĄ็ٺ צ၁˯ĂԧࣇனдϠ߿ధкᆸࢬ̏எְ ᔙซĄྤ 1976ѐĂRoland Barthes̝඾үĶү۰̝ົۤੈྤـࡊԫ̝ᇆᜩĂ֭̏ੈྤ ࡊԫԼត˞ˠᙷ۞็ᇫ͞ёĂซ҃Я็ᇫ ѪķĞThe Death of the Authorğ೩΍˘࣎ᙹੈ ё۞Լត҃Լត˞ˠᙷ౵ૄώ۞̼͛ᆸ ᖬ็௚ͽү۰ࠎ͕̚۞៍ᕇĂܑϯ̙გү۰͞ ࢬăϠ߿͞ёĂ఺׎̚˵Β߁˞၆ྤੈ۞ᄮ ۞ຍဦࠎңĂ͛ώ˘όజ൴ܑٕӔனĂ᝝۰ ޥᙊͽ̈́ዦ᝝ྤੈ۞ҖࠎĄ˘ֱ෹͛ώநኢጯ дᄃ͛ώ࠹࿃ॡĂ᝝۰ົͽ׎̼͛ਔඛ̈́ छĂтGeorge Landowӈ޽΍Ă࿪̄͛ώ۞ ҂Ă౹ౄ᝝۰ҋ̎۞ຍཌྷĂ˵ಶߏ૟͛ώ۞ ᝝۰֗˯Ăͽ᝝۰ࠎ̚ז΍ன่̙Լតԧࣇᄃ͛ώ̝ม۞ᙯܼĂ˵Լ ຍཌྷ̈́ྋᛖᝋᖼ ͛ጯ۩มĂ۞ّٸតԧࣇ၆ۢᙊ௡ᖐ۞͞ёĄĞො10ğΩჶώ ͕Ăኬ̟᝝۰౹ౄّăฟ ༄ି଱˵޽΍Ăዦ᝝ҖࠎЯ࿪̄ಫ̬۞΍ன Їң᝝۰࠰ѣ෸࿅ү۰҃ۡତྚᛖ͛ώ۞ᝋ யϠԼតĂԼត۞̙Ϊߏዦ᝝௫ၚ̈́ዦ᝝ ӀᄃΞਕّĂЯѩĂЇңү۰۞ᓏࢰ˘གྷᆷ҃ Ꮏ൒൑хĂͷ͛ώ۞ຍཌྷߏܮĂޢёĂᔘѣዦ᝝͕ந˯۞ᖼតĂͽ̈́၆ۢᙊ јĶ͛ķ͞ ҋү۰ĂֽܧϤ᝝۰࣎ˠ۞ྚᛖٙኬ̟Ă҃ ྤٺሀё۞ԼតĄĞො11ğᖎ֏̝ĂϤצତ ࡊԫౄಶშᅫშྮјࠎӔனྤੈາྶវĂ ЯѩĂ᝝۰۞ኚϠυืͽү۰۞Ѫ˸ࠎ΃ੈ ͽҋ̎۞ٺЯາಫវপّĂ᝝۰υืᖣϤ࿪ཝᏈ၌̖ ᆊĂͷ᝝۰Տ˘Ѩ۞ዦ᝝Ă˵ඈ֭ ਕৌϒ˞ྋშྮ෹͛ώ̝পঅΑਕĂЯѩଂ ྚᛖ͞ёࢦາซҖ˘Ѩ͛ώ۞ᆷүĄĞො შྮᒖဩ̈́෹͛ώপّĂԧࣇΞͽ൴னშྮ 13ğ זצٺ෹͛ώᄃ᝝۰̝มѣ˭Е̝൴णᙯܼĄ ၆Їңԛё۞͛ώ҃֏Ă᝝۰Ϥ ăခᐽ᝝۰ጱШ۞ዦ᝝͞ё ώ֗۞ିֈࡦഀăགྷរඈᇆᜩĂଂ͛ٙ̚ᒔ˘ நྋ̙֭˘ؠߏ௑Ъү۰̝ࣧຍĂЯѩ۞פ ෹͛ώநኢछTerence Harpold૟ዦ᝝ͧಔ

65 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

Т˘ቔ͛ౢĂ̙Тˠዦ᝝ົѣ̙Т۞៍ຏĂ ࡁտពϯĂ᝝۰ซˢ˘࣎າშ৭ॡĂѣ78ƫ ᇾᗟٕၡࢋඈѣࢨ۞͛фזຍڦᒖဩᄃপኳĂֹ଀Barthesͽ ۞᝝۰ΪົٸΪߏშྮ۞ฟ ᝝۰ࠎ͛ώྚᛖ۰۞៍ᕇĂົЯ᝝۰Ξͽ଀ ྤੈĄĞො16ğౘ݄රͽТॡ׍ѣ৽ώ̈ᄲ ధкણ҂ྤੈͽ̙̈́Тዦ᝝ྮश̝ᏴፄĂ ̈́შྮ̈ᄲዦ᝝གྷរ۞᝝۰ࠎࡁտ၆෪൴ז შྮዦ᝝̙֭නዋĂዦ᝝࿪̄̈ᄲٺѣՀк̙Т۞ୁ൴ٕྚᛖĂࠤҌᑒӄ᝝۰ னĂϤ҃ ఼૱ߏᕱᜓّ۞ዦ᝝ĂĞො17ğѩγĂዦ᝝ ٺᖼࠎү۰̶֗೩΍Ω˘࣎າ۞͛ώĄϤ ᄃ ৽ώ̈ᄲॡĂ᝝۰ົుфዦ᝝ăྵะ̚ჟهBarthes Ķநຐ͛ώķĞthe ideal textğໄ ෹͛ώր௚дԛё˯ܧ૱࠹ҬĂЯѩGeorge ৠăͽዦ᝝ܜቔࠎ͹ćዦ᝝࿪̄̈ᄲॡĂ݋ িٽLandowᄮࠎ෹͛ώ̈ᄲ۞΍னΞᄲߏ၁ኹ ଳர᝝͞ёĂͷЯዦ᝝࿪̄̈ᄲீ༗ट ĂܜBarthesٙ೩΍۞நຐ͛ώĄĞො14ğΩ ౻ĂЯѩዦ᝝ॡมౌ̙̈́ዦ᝝৽ώ̈ᄲ˞ ൺቔ̈ᄲĄĞො18ğJakobٺγĂ၆ү۰҃֏Ă෹͛ώ۞ϫ۞д೩ֻ᝝۰ ዦ᝝۞˵ߏᛳ িٽࢬ၆Ꮘ၌۞ዦ᝝ˠटٺҋҖᏴፄ۞ᝋӀĂ̙ૻ࢝᝝۰˘࡭ّ۞ዦ᝝ Nielsen޽΍ĂϤ ຍᙊгຐ߄Ᏼ΍˭ົܮώ֗۞үݡ׍ѣૻধ͔ጱ᝝ ࢽĂЯѩдዦ᝝ॡĂڍѨԔĂЯѩт ۰ೈ˘ؠ۞ዦ᝝ѨԔĂืͽారّ۞ୃࢗ͞ ᙯᔣфĂ̙҃ߏ˘ҖҖгዦ᝝Ăፂ׎1997ѐ פቢّዦ᝝ ٙซҖ۞ࡁտአߤពϯĂѣ79ƫ۞᝝۰ଳܧёౘ̰ࢗटॡĂ݋̙֭ዋЪଳϡ ё̝щଵĄ ᕱᜓ͞ёซҖዦ᝝შࢱĂ่ѣ16ƫ۞᝝۰ߏ͞ ଳుфዦ᝝͞ёĄĞො19ğΩᆒݻӖඈˠ၆ ޘăშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝͹ࢋߏᕱᜓͷዦ᝝ి˟ ࿪̄ಡ۞ࡁտ˵͚޺Ă̙ኢߏዦ᝝࿪̄ಡٕ ၙྵ Ă၆᝝ّܮॡมд࿪ཝᏈ၌˯ዦ᝝ྤफ़ ็௚ಡ৽Ăዦ᝝˯۞නዋّ̈́͞ܜࡁտពϯ ߏනዋ۞ዦ᝝ҖࠎĂጱ࡭᝝۰̙ߏ૟ྤफ़ ۰̪ߏࢦࢋ۞҂ณЯ৵ĄĞො20ğ̙ тО̙ޘژЕО˭ֽͽᗓቢ͞ёዦ᝝Ăಶߏͽԣిᕱᜓ ѩγĂЯϫ݈࿪ཝᏈ၌۞ྋ িٽ͛ώ̝୻೽Ăጱ࡭࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝टה ΃ྎ௟ዦ᝝۞ሀёĄP. Muterפர᝝͞ё۞ ̙ ዦ᝝৽ώၙĂͧົޘP. Maurutto̝ࡁտពϯĂ၆࿪ཝᏈ၌˯۞ ࢽĂͷుфዦ᝝ి̈́ યᗟ͹ࢋߏ࿪ཝᏈ၌ޘͽྎ ࿅ѩ჌Ꮘ၌ዦ᝝۞ిܧĂপҾߏშࢱĂ᝝۰ߏͽர᝝҃ੈྤ ڍયᗟĂ߇Grould۞ࡁտ൴னĂтޘژ௟̝͞ёซҖዦ᝝Ăͷዦ᝝৽ώ۞நྋ˧ົ ۞ྋ ࿪ཝᏈ၌ዦ᝝࿪̄͛ώĂ݋۞ޘژᇆᜩٙ ֹϡ੼ྋົޘዦ᝝࿪ཝᏈ၌੼ĂЯࠎዦ᝝ిͧ ͛ώߏ˘ᇹ۞Ğොהᄃዦ᝝Оޘ੃଀ྤੈ۞ϒቁّ੼Ҳć၆ܑᆸ੃ጸ҃֏Ă ዦ᝝ి ͛ώ̝मளהዦ᝝ົͧர᝝͞ё੃଀ՀϒቁĄ 21ğĂЯѩдͧྵ෹͛ώᄃО۞ޘి૱ϒ Ă̖ਕдଠޘژຍዦ᝝෹͛ώ۞ྋڦĞො15ğΫ̜Ң̂ጯᄃThe Poynter Institute۞ ॡĂᑕ

66 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

͛ώዦ ˧۞̼͛Ă҃࿪̄͛ώ݋ညߏ˘ळྤੈ഑הѩតᇴ˭Ă˞ྋ෹͛ώዦ᝝ᄃОט ڱᄙཱུᕇͪҬ۞ዦ᝝Ă൑ٺĂֹϡ۰้Шڒ ᝝̝มߏӎѣ׎΁मளхдĄ ˧҂ਕޥޘᄃͅਡĂጱ࡭எژ̶ְୃٺڦ҂ ૞ޥăૻአк̮ˬ შྮ෹͛ώ۞෹ాඕΞ૟Т˘͹ᗟ۞̙ ಉεĄĞො25ğЯѩ෹͛ώ۞ࡁտ˵൴னĂ ቢّዦ᝝͞ёዦ᝝෹͛ώ̙˘ؠͧͽቢܧТຍ֍ٕ៍ᕇჸะдТ˘࣎ྤੈ༼ᕇ˯ĂЯ ͽ ੼ĂּтFoltzޘ͛ώ۞நྋה׍ѣခᐽ౹າ̈́к̮ ّ͞ёዦ᝝Оّٸѩι۞टৼّ̈́ฟ ೀͼ՟ѣޘቢّඕ ۞ࡁտពϯ˟჌͞ё۞ዦ᝝நྋܧჯ۞Ξਕܑன͞ёĂТॡĂι۞ޥ ၹ˵ခᐽ՟ѣ඗၆ѨԔ۞ዦ᝝Ăѩ჌՟ѣٙ मҾĞො26ğĂҭߏ෹͛ώ۞నࢍ۞ቁΞͽ ĄΩצј˞෹͛ώ̝ૄ ೩ֻ᝝۰າ۞ዦ᝝͞ё̈́ዦ᝝ຏౕދᏜ۞ฟؕ̈́ඕՁĂͅԩ ቢܧώপّࠎĂϒтDiane Greco޽΍Ă෹͛ῴ Barab, Young̈́Wang۞ࡁտ޽΍Ăֹϡ ѣड़ّĂٕ۰ߏ᝝۰៍ᕇ۞ ّዦ᝝ѨԔዦ᝝෹͛ώ۞᝝۰ྵਕҋԧՙؠ۞ޢԩඕՁă౵ ᜜ᅺĄĞො22ğ ̈́ྋՙયᗟĂ҃ͽቢّዦ᝝ѨԔд࿪ཝ˯ዦ P. A. Carlson޽΍෹͛ώ۞შඛ༼ᕇᄃ ᝝࿪̄͛ώ۞᝝۰݋дዦ᝝நྋ˧˯ܑனྵ எᆸඕၹ࠹Ҭ рĄĞො27ğ۞̚هໄڱඕপّ׶ˠᙷຐా αă᝝۰۞࢑ፉྵ̂ זତᛈٽĞො23ğĂӀϡ෹ాඕĂ᝝۰Ξͽट ͛ώ้ШӔ შྮ෹͛ώ۞෹ాඕඕၹߊឰү۰ᐌ͕הТ៍ᕇ̝͛ώĂ̙ည็௚О̙ ᝝ܮ͞˫ϲాඕᙯܼĂޙனಏ˘̝៍ᕇĂЯѩGeorge Landowᄮࠎ෹ ٙ୬гࠎྤੈ༼ᕇ ቢّܧ۰ҋϤᏴፄዦ᝝ྮशĂ଀ͽྯ᜙ё۞ ޥ҂ĂٙᏜԲෞّ۞ޥ͛ώΞܳซԲෞّ۞ ΃็௚ుфăుҖăుࢱăుΊ۞ቢפ҂ӈߏ˘჌ᙯᓑ̼۞࿅඀Ğprocess of ͞ё contextualizationğĄĞො24ğͽୃࢗ۞៍ᕇ ёዦ᝝͞ёĄ็௚͛ώѣ׽ؠ۞γݭ̈́በଵ ͽ̟ڱटĂ൑̰צк̮៍ᕇ۞ܑ ѨԔĂ᝝۰Ϊਕజજгତٺ࠻Ăშྮ෹͛ώߏѣӀֽ ͛ώಏ˘ዦ᝝ྮश̝నהОٺ྿Ăּтү۰д౹үॡ఼૱ົͽௐ˘ˠჍٕ ՀԼĂ࠹၆ ۩ௐˬˠჍ͞ёֽୃࢗ߇ְĂಶ็௚׊ආ߇ְ ࢍĂშྮ෹͛ώ݋ኬ̟᝝۰Հк۞ҋϤ ߄Ᏼ̙Т۞ୃࢗ៍ᕇֽ มĂឰ᝝۰Ξͽдాඕ̝შඛྮश̰ҋϤਝڱ३ࠎּĂ᝝۰ߏ൑ ׊ආ߇ְ३Ξనࢍк ҖĄ̙࿅ѝдˠᙷ౵ࣧؕ۞˾ᄬ็ᇫॡ΃Ă۞ۍካ߇ְĂҭ࿪̄ڟ ቢّপّĂЯࠎܧ̙࣎ТˠჍٕ̙Т֎Ғֽୃࢗ߇ְĂ೩ֻ౹ ಶѣϫ݈෹͛ώٙ׍ѣ۞ ҂ሀёĂϺޥү۰Հк̮۞ܑன౉शĂឰ᝝۰ѣ̙Т۞Ᏼ ෹͛ώ۞నࢍܼдሀᑢˠᙷ۞ ҂ទޥ҂̙֭ԆБߏቢّ۞ޥ͛ф۞ ӈܑϯˠᙷ۞הፄĄ̙࿅ĂMyron TumanᄮࠎĂО ڍ҂ਕ ᏭĂӎ݋ӈ൑ٙᏜ۞ຐည˧ٕ౹ү˧Ąтޥޘϲ׍எޙਕૉރទᏭăᘦؠّ׶ᝋ

67 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

၅π૱ԧࣇᄃ΁ˠ̝ϹኘĂົ൴ன၆ྖ۞ ాඕ۞ਕ˧Ă̖ਕ୮൑࢑ፉгдྤੈ༼ᕇม៍ ή̄ึԔ̙˘ؠѣቢّ۞υ൒ᙯܼĂΞਕົ ҋϤਝҖĂೱ֏̝Ă᝝۰υืѣ͹જ۞ၗ ڦٙѣ۞щଵĂ༊൒˵ࢋצజજгତܧĂޘ ૲˘೩۞׎΁ྖᗟĂ̙҃ညԧࣇдܢѣࡎ൒ εΝٽຍ˯˭̝͛ม۞ారّ̈́ ຍߏӎ෹ాඕѨᇴ͉кĂጱ࡭ώ֗टڦ३ᆷ͛ౢॡĂົ ӀซҖዦ᝝ĂЯ ͞ШຏĄࢬ၆ٙѣү۰࿰న۞෹ాඕྮशĂึڱទᏭّĂͽҺዦ᝝۰൑ ͛фૄώ˯۞ඕၹщଵӔனӈߏ੫၆ ̙გߏТ˘Њ͛ώ۞̰ొాඕĂٕߏШγؼהѩО ቢّዦ᝝҃నࢍĄ ҩ̝γొాඕĂү۰నࢍాඕ۞ϫ۞ѣк჌ ඕĂԆБࢋϤ᝝۰ా۞ځቢّপّܼ޵࿪ཝࡊԫ̈́შ ΞਕĂధкᔳಔ̙ܧ෹͛ώ۞ ૻ̂็ᇫਕ˧̝ኲĂ଀ͽѣՀр۞൴णᐹ ҋҖҿᕝĂЯѩ᝝۰ٙᏴፄ۞ዦ᝝ѨԔ̈́ቑྮ Ξਕߏᄃү۰ࣧώనࢍ۞ϫ۞ߏ̙Тޝ๕Ăͷ࿪ཝ۞ᐼх̈́णனΑਕຍᏜԧࣇ̙˘ ಛ ׎΁Ξਕ۞൴णྮशٸؠࢋឰְଐԆБֶԔଵЕĞො28ğĂ̙࿅࠹ ۞Ăٕ۰ߏᄲү۰ฟ Ąפ͛ώ۞ቢّপّĂк̮ྮश۞෹͛ Ϥ᝝۰ҋϤᏴהОٺ၆ ඕдߙ˘ᆸѨ˯ĂΞਕΪߏᖎಏ۞ాా ܧឰ᝝۰ਜ਼ε͞ШĂপҾߏ༊᝝۰ٽώ˵ट ૞ຽˠ̀ॡĂЯᏰҾ̈́Ᏼፄྤੈ۞ਕ˧ྵ ඕ̍׍ĂҭдՀஎ۞ᆸѨ˯Ăι΃ܑ۞ߏᇆ યᗟ˵ົྵкĂТॡ˵ົ ᜩԧࣇ˞ྋ͛ώ۞˘࣎ాඕࢋІĞelementsğ۞זमĂጱ࡭ٙ࿃ Ăాڱౝˢ෹ాඕ ۞͞ёĂιߏ˘࣎੃ཱིᄬ֏۞ᖼೱ͞ٺЯࠎ෹ాඕ۞Ѩᇴ͉кĂͽ࡭ Ᏸᙊϫ݈ٙд̝ҜཉĄ ඕ۞ࢋІ่̙జాඕĂ˵д࿅඀̚யϠԼڱਜ਼झੱ̚Ă൑̝ ෹ តĄĞො32ğNicholas C. Burbulesᄮࠎ෹͛ٺConklin޽΍Ă᝝۰ົਜ਼ε͞Ш۞ࣧЯд ຍ۞෹ాඕॡĂ І۞ాඕ΃ܑ۞่่̙ߏాඕ˟࣎ྤੈ҃ڦ͛ώд೩ֻధкӛ͔᝝۰ ᛉĄĞො29ğMiall۞ࡁ ̏Ăᔵ൒ాඕ۞ඕၹౌ˘ᇹĂҭܑ̙֭ϯٙޙϏග̟᝝۰Їң֭ ѣ۞ాඕౌ׍ѣ࠹Т̝ຍཌྷᄃᙯܼĂాඕԼ הώ߇ְͧዦ᝝Оۍտ݋޽΍Ăዦ᝝෹͛ώ ҂̝͞ёĂЯѩాඕᔳޥ15ƫ۞ॡมĂͷዦ᝝෹͛ώ۞᝝۰ ត˞ྤफ़జዦ᝝̈́܅͛ώк ଂܮдዦ᝝࿅඀̚யϠ஄஑Ăٕߏຏᛇ႒ଫ ӣ۞ຍཌྷߏк̮۞Ă̙ᑕజෛࠎΪߏ͞ٽट Bᕇ۞̬̚۰, ԧࣇ̙ߏ่ྫྷೈᕚдԧזߙֱྤੈĄĞො30ğΩMishrä́Nguyen- Aᕇ ͛ώ۞ቢّ ࣇீ݈۞෹ాඕ҃̏ĂᔘࢋΝྋᛖ׎ຍཌྷ̈́הពϯĂО˵ڍJahiel۞ࡁտඕ ୻ ෞҤ׎ዋЪّĄĞො33ğٽቢّዦ᝝͞ёटܧዦ᝝͞ёͧ෹͛ώ۞ ਜ਼εଫĄĞො31ğ ְ၁˯Ăдዦ᝝࿅඀̚Ă෹͛ώᄃ็௚ٽ຾߇ְ̰ट۞൴णĂ̙ Ă༊᝝۰Ᏼፄߙ˘ྮशٺЯѩѩ჌ྵ̂ዦ᝝ྮश۞Ᏼፄ˵ͅߍ΍ ͛ώ࢛ள̝఍д ዦ᝝෹͛ώ۞᝝۰Ҍ͌υืѣՙؠ̈́Ᏼፄ෹ ॡĂТॡ˵ᅈᗓ˞পؠ۞˯˭͛ĄĞො34ğ

68 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

͛ώ۞ ఺ֱ߿જώ̙֭֗ߏዦ᝝Ăͷืਈ෱ॡมăהଂ෹͛ώ۞ඕၹֽ࠻Ăዦ᝝็௚О ᏿ĄĞො35ğ࠹၆гĂშྮ΍ܛ᝝۰ଂොᛖٕણ҂३ϫ۞͛фĂΞͽࡗரۢ ჟ˧ĂࠤҌ ࿪̄ᑫ೩ۍݡ˵ѣშྮۍĂధк็௚΍ޢ྽ซ˘Վણ҂ྤੈ۞̰टĂҭߏშྮ෹͛ώ ன ෹ాඕѣֱυืాඕҌజాඕ఍Ă̖ۢ྽ ֻ᝝۰ӀϡĂࠤҌѣֱྤੈΪ΍னдშྮĂ۞ ෱܅टࠎңĄЯѩ᝝ ЯѩӀϡຩವ͔ᑜ̈́෹ాඕΑਕĂΪࢋ̰ੈྤ۞ޢᔳᖟд෹ాඕࡦ ૟შྮ̚۞ણٽॡมᄃჟ˧ĂӈΞᅅ۞͌ޝ ۰Ξਕѣមಈ΍னĂ˵Ξਕߏε୕ĂЯࠎԧ ࣇٙᏴፄ۞ϖᅈΪߏ˘୧˭˘Վ۞ྮशĂ҃ ҂ྤੈٕٙдშӬΐˢҋ̎۞࿪̄͛ώ̚Ă ޝ௣ᕇĂͷЇң۞ொજĂౌߏଂ˘࣎̏ۢ۞ јࠎາ͛ώ۞ણ҂ྤफ़Ăពϯ෹͛ώ׍ѣܧ ॡม۞͌ޝ෱܅टซˢΩ˘࣎Ϗۢ۞̰टĄ ੼۞टৼّ̈́ΒӣّĂ่ᅮ̰ д՟ѣјώᄃӀማ҂ณ˭Ă ᄃჟ˧ĂӈΞͽ෹ాඕ׶׎΁Ξણ҂۞შྮٺѩγĂϤ к˞Ă ྤੈాඕд˘੓ĂͷЯშྮ̝ᐼх۩มѣྵٽࢋјࠎშྮү۰ព൒ͧ็௚ү۰ट ᅮࢋፉ͕ҋ̎͛ඊтңĂ˵̙ᅮࢋፉ͕ѣ ̂۞ᇅّĂྵ̙ົЯቔ಼ᙯܼ҃ѣᚑॾ̝෹̙ ĄטĂЯѩშྮ۩ม̏јࠎధ ాඕᇴณࢨۍᙸຍ΍ۤۍ൑΍ кˠΩ˘࣎Հᆵᇃ۞౹ү̈́ྏរᒖဩĄд՟ ̱ăϒёྤੈವՐ̪ͽ็௚ዦ᝝ࠎ͹ ௫ၚ็௚ዦ᝝۞᝝۰҃֏Ăᔵ൒̏ٺѣ̦ᆃ࢑ፉ̈́ᑅ˧˭ĂధкүݡΪߏྏរ۰ ၆ შٺԯ གྷϤጯ௫˵ਕӀϡშྮซҖዦ᝝Ăҭ၆טݡѣᆶߤ፟ۍᐌඊ̝үĂ̙ည็௚΍۞ ҋ൒ົ૟შྮዦ᝝ޝຍүݡ۞ݡኳયᗟĂ ྮዦ᝝ᑕ׍౯۞ΑਕĂڦᙯĂֹܳү۰ҋ൒ົ ͛ώᔘᚑ ᄃ็௚ዦ᝝ซҖͧྵĂԓ୕ྤੈࡊԫ۞൴णהЯѩშྮྤੈ۞ݡኳયᗟͧО ࢦĂጱ࡭᝝۰ώ֗۞ҿᕝ̈́Ᏼፄ࢑ፉྵࢦĄ ਕдࣧѣ͞ё۞ᐹᕇ˯ᚶᜈ൴णĂ఺჌࿰ഇ ĄMiriamڱ׎ߏᏴፄ̈́ҿᕝ˧Ҳ۞׊ආ҃֏ĂՀᅮࢋ ͕நҬͼ̏јࠎ̂छ۞ૄώ࠻͍ შྮ۞ Schcolnik۞ࡁտពϯĂֹϡ࿪̄३ዦ᝝፟᝝זӄĂ̖ਕৌϒӀϡם̝ܜҁर̈́छ р఍Ą ۰ᄮࠎ࿪̄͛ώᑕ׍౯۞ˬ჌ࢦࢋপᇈĂֶ ଀ણ҂ྤफ़ ࢦࢋ̶ّҾߏϫѨă෹ాඕᄃဦϯăͽ̈́ࢱפயϠາ۞͛ώ̈́ٺٽặ Ă߇ώኳ ቅăᇾᗟăࢦࢋфຉ۞ᇾϯĂͷ᝝۰۞ዦ᝝۞טफ़ߏѣቔ಼ࢨྤהОٺϤ ᙷҬ็௚ዦ᝝ဦ३۞ቢّዦ᝝͞૱ܧफ़ߏ׍Ᏼፄّ۞̈́ଵ΁ّ۞ĂՏ ͞ёྤהĂО˯ ϡણ໰ྤफ़ֹ͌ޝᖙࢱĂޢࢱăՏ˘ΊΪਕΒӣ˘ؠ۞͛фᇴณĂт ёĂ̂ౌΪߏ݈˘ ѣ޽͔᝝۰ซ˘Վዦ᝝۞ણ҂ྤफ़Ă݋υ Ğcross-referenceğĄĞො36ğEric J. Simon ၆ڍ ३ăШဦ३ ̂ጯϠ۞࿪̄ዦ᝝௫ၚࡁտ˵ពϯĂጯϠᙯפ౅࿅˘ֱ߿જĂּтΝ३ߛื ϫ۞Ă҃ ͕࿪̄३ߏӎѣΞͽညዦ᝝็௚ဦ३˘ᇹĂזᐡࣄ३ٕҋҖᔉ෴ဦ३Ă̖ਕ྿

69 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

ĂΞͽᖣϤޢਕд˯ࢬ൪ࢦᕇ̈́ઇො੃Ă׎̚ѣ87.3ƫ۞ ༊᝝۰˯შዦ᝝შྮྤੈ ጯϠܑϯ౵ࢦࢋ۞পᕇߏΒӣф׏۞ΑਕĂ შྮ۞̳В੅ኢડ൴ܑຏ֏Ăឰҋ̎۞ຏ֏ ତಶ࿪̄३̚۞ಏфซҖߤྙĄĞො ϲӈјࠎშྮ˯۞າ࿪̄͛ώĂ૟ҋ̎۞֎ۡܮ͞ 37ğΩͳध∖ඈˠ၆̂ጯϠዦ᝝็௚ဦ३ᄃ Ғᖼೱࠎү۰Ą੫၆შྮ᝝۰̝ᙷݭĂ ዦ᝝࿪̄३۞ࡁտពϯĂ็௚ဦ३д᝝۰ዦ Slatin૟̶̝јˬᙷĂ̶Ҿߏ൑পؠྤੈᅮ ᝝۞જ፟˯ܼͽ੠Րາྤੈࠎ͹ࢋϫ۞Ă҃ Ր۞ᕱᜓ۰Ğthe browserğăԱವপؠྤੈ۞ ࿪̄३᝝۰̝ዦ᝝જ፟͹ࢋߏЃยऎሄĄ ֹϡ۰Ğthe userğ̈́ᄃү۰ВТЪү۞ВТ Ğො38ğMiriam Schcolnik၆ֹϡ࿪̄३ዦ᝝ ү۰Ğthe coauthorğĂĞො41ğ׎̚ВТү ёপٸ፟᝝۰ֹϡአߤ˵ពϯĂዦ᝝࿪̄३۞ϫ۞ ۰̶֗۞யϠߏЯࠎშྮᒖဩ۞ฟ ΐˢࣧүڱഫ΀ઈ ّĂឰ᝝۰Ξͽ૟ҋ̎ۢᙊᄃ࠻̈́ٻ͹ࢋࠎЃยऎሄĄĞො39ğͳ༯ ၆შྮ࿪̄३᝝۰̝ࡁտ൴னĂ᝝۰౵ಈᝌ ۰۞үݡ̰Ăᄃࣧү۰˘੓ЪүϠயྤੈĂ შྮ࿪̄३჌ᙷࠎ͛ጯᙷĂ˵ߏઐЃยऎ ซ҃јࠎүݡ۞ВТү۰ĄSven Birkerts̈́۞ ሄĄĞො40ğ఺ពϯϫ݈შྮዦ᝝۞᝝۰̪ Ilana Snyder˵ᄮࠎĂ෹͛ώϒдԼតԧࣇ၆ எ۞็௚ዦ᝝௫ၚĂ΁ࣇԓ୕შྮࡊ ү۰۞ᄮۢĄĞො42ğޝ૲ѣ ၗېშྮүݡΞͽдϏԆБԆј۞ٺԆБ௲ᗓ ϤܧӀّĂ҃ܮԫਕ೩੼็௚ዦ᝝̝ ᔛኛѣᎸ኷ܮ௚ዦ᝝۞ሀёĂϺӈԓ୕ࣧώр۞็௚প ˭ĂᐌॡΏྶдშྮ˯Ă߇͞็ ᄃົޙາ۞შྮᒖဩ̝ዦ᝝ĂࠤҌซ ۞᝝۰˘੓ણᄃ౹үĂּтҖ߆ੰ͛זਕؼᜈ˵ّ ķĂӈဘྏޏપשՎᕖٕ̂೩̿׎ᐹᕇĄ ᓑЪಡઘΏඉထ̝Ķ͛ጯ˘ யϠкࢦ̶֗ ͽкඕԊ̈ᄲତ˧౹ү͞ёĂՏ͡ᔛኛ˘Ҝٽăֹ᝝۰ट˛ Ăҭ үछዸ৭ĂឰѣᎸ኷۞᝝۰Ξͽॲፂዸ৭үۏய۞ۍ௚۞ዦ᝝ಫ̬ߏϒё΍็ Ϡ छ̝ΗјݡĂᚶᜈҋҖତ˧˭ΝĄᔵ൒ү۰ۍᄃ็௚۞΍ۍშྮॡ΃ٙ૲ֽ۞࿪̄΍ ᙥ̚யϠྤ ᔛኛ᝝۰˘੓౹үٕߏͽк჌ඕԊ೩ֻ᝝۰ۍᇹĂЯࠎ็௚΍˘̙ޝၗඕၹ ҂۞͞ёĂ̙֭ߏშྮዦ᝝̖ѣ۞ޥĂֹ଀Ї Ᏼፄّٕٸү۰֎Ғ̏ᐌ඾შྮ۞ฟ۞ੈ ң଀ͽֹϡშྮన౯۞ֹϡ۰ౌΞͽјࠎྤ ඾ү͞ёĂҭЯშྮ׍ѣ̢જّăӈॡّ̈́ Ăֹ଀ү۰ᄃ᝝۰̝มĂͽڍ۰̈́็ᇫ۰ĂЯѩү۰ᄃ᝝ ૻ̝̂็ᇫड़ۍү۰ă΍۞ੈ ۰ᄃ᝝ ̈́᝝۰ᄃ᝝۰̝มΞͽѣՀԣి۞̢જड़ۍ۰̝ม۞ᕃ໛̙ГхдĂү۰ă΍ Ă፬੓᝝۰̙˘ᇹ۞ዦ᝝ሄ኷Ă૟ࣧώռڍ ۰̝ม۞ࠧቢດᔌሀቘĂϺӈ᝝۰۞ዦ᝝۰ дშྮᒖဩ̚ΩγயϠ׎΁۞֗ ˠّ۞ዦ᝝Җࠎᕖ̂ࠎ˘჌ۤཏّ۞̢જĂٽटޝ֎Ғ ĄЯѩĂ̙ޘĄ ϺӈӀϡშྮ೩੼ۤົ̢જ඀̶

70 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

௚३ಡᗔᄫ۞ዦ᝝̂ొ̶ߏಏШ۞࣎ དྷăშྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝Ϗֽ൴็ٺТ гซҖᗕШϹ णܮˠዦ᝝Ăშྮ۞ዦ᝝Ξͽ͞ ߹Ăᔵ൒࿪ྖ˵ߏӈॡ۞ᗕШ็ᇫ̍׍Ăҭ RIT ĞRochester Institute of Technologyğ Frank RomanoĂதܜგநᄃࡊጯጯੰੰהߏ࿪ྖ۞็ᇫྤੈ่ߏ˾ᄬ҃̏Ă̙ညშྮ О ΞͽТॡซҖк჌ྤੈԛၗ۞็ᇫĄ ᅳˬٙ̂ጯ˩ೀ࣎ࡁտࣶĂซҖ˘ี࿰Ҥ ѐྤੈ็ᇫݭၗ̝ࡁտĂ޽΍ˠᙷ۞ 2020 ڇ଀Հкૻአ࣎ˠ̼̝ዦ᝝פˣă᝝۰Ξͽ ࿪̄͞ё็ᇫ̈́הચ ྤੈд 1995 ѐॡĂͽО ѐॡ 2020 ˞זથ˵೩ֻ ۞ּͧЧࠎ70ƫ̈́30% Ăҭۍચ̝ᔌ๕Ă΍ڇ੨Ъ࣎ˠ̼ ה࠹ͅ۞ּͧĂ׎̚35% ߏͽОܕ௚۞ዚ઴ಏҜĂֶ᝝۰ᅮՐ΍઴˘ ૟Ӕனೀ็ٺТ̙ ഇഇΏ̚۞˘ቔ͛ౢٕߏ˘ώ३̚۞ߙֱౢ ͞ё็ᇫĂ65% ߏͽ࿪̄͞ё็ᇫĄĞො44ğ ˭FatbrainඕЪშྮ ΩγĂ˝Œѐ΃ͽֽĂ઼࡚۞ಡ৽൴ҖณظĄּт઼࡚۞შྮ३༼ 1998ٺᐌᏴዦ᝝ĞOn Demanding Readingğ̝প ࢫ10ƫĂಡ৽छᇴ˭ࢫ7.5ƫĂ֭̈́ ΍னྵ݈˘ѐഴ͌۞னޘĂခᐽ૞ຽࡁտˠࣶ̈́࣎ˠүछĂ૟׎඾ ѐĂঐ෱۰ᔉ३ࢵّ дშྮ˯ҋҖࢎؠ઴ᆊమ઴Ă׎̚ү۰ ෪Ăពϯშྮ۞΍ன۞ቁ၁ԼតొЊ᝝۰۞ٸү གྷዚሀёĄĞො̈́ۍдዋ༊۞̶ᙷϫᐂĂឰ ዦ᝝ҖࠎĂซ҃ᇆᜩ΍ٸ೩ֻၡࢋୃࢗĂื ᝝۰Ξͽֶዦ᝝Ꮈ኷ĂАᏴؠ͹ᗟĂГӘۢ 45ğ ᙱჟ໤࿰ޝӈΞ߄Ᏼ ࢬ၆ࡊԫ۞൑ࢨΞਕĂԧࣇޢĂ̝ޘຐዦ᝝۞ࢱᇴ̰̈́ट۞எ ৌϒዋЪ۞͛ౢ֭ҋҖ˭ྶĄĞො43ğᄃ᝝ ീࡊԫ۞൴णត̼Ăຐຐд࿪ཝϏ΍ன݈Ă ࿪ཝᏈ၌ז͛фዦ᝝˵ົᖼொהОז͛ώ۞͞ёͧྵĂᐌᏴዦ᝝ ኡົຐה۰ᔉ෴็௚О ፋ࣎შྮዦ᝝۞݈ഀĂJay Davidٺёព൒Ξͽࠎ᝝۰༼࠷ొ̶̙ᅮࢋֹϡ ˯ĉ၆̝͞ ॡ΃۞ϐഇĂОהОٺ෱ϡ̈́ᐼх۩มĄѩγĂ၆ᓾՐ Bolterᄮࠎԧࣇϒ఍۞ੈྤ̝ז ͛ώΪߏ˘჌३ᆷ͞ёĂࢬ၆࿪̄͛ώॡה ॡड़ّ۞ྤੈ҃֏Ăּт࿪̄ഇΏĂ݋̙υ Ąѩۍ΍ה΃Оפ૟ົۍТ˘ഇഇΏ̝ٙѣ͛ౢౌүຽԆலĂ̖ ΃۞ֽᓜĂ࿪̄΍זඈ ਕϒё΍ΏĂ҃ߏ૟ྤੈ۞ঐ෱ಏҜϤ˘ഇ γĂRichard Lanham૟࿪̄͛ώෛࠎ׍ѣҋ ഇΏᖼೱࠎͽ˘ቔ͛ౢࠎಏҜĂтѩ˘ֽĂ Ϥᄃϔ͹۞পّĂԯԧࣇଂᄬ֏۞͑ᛇ̚ᛖ ΍ֽĂ̙࿅Ω˘ࠁˠ̀ĂтNeil Postmanٸ ၆ү۰̈́᝝۰҃֏ౌߏᗕᛏ۞ඉரĂЯࠎү ĂТॡ˵ ᄮࠎĂᔵ൒࿪̄͛ώϏֽ૟ົ೩ֻາݭၗ۞͵ٺ۰Ξͽឰҋ̎۞ࡁտՀѝ̳ο ഇĄ ဦ३Ăᕖण็௚३ᆷ۞ԫఙĂҭಶϫ݈҃ޞഴ͌᝝۰۞ඈ ֏Ă࿪ཝࡊԫ۞ΑਕΪߏઇࠎ˘࣎າ۞ྤੈ

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Ꮾ͞ёĂឰྤੈொજгՀԣĂ̙҃ߏ˘࣎ ᝝ሀёĄᔵ൒̂ొ̶᝝۰௫ၚۡତд࿪ཝᏈྻ ࿪̄ฎІٺາ۞၁ኳ໛఼̍׍ĄĞො46ğ ၌˯ዦ᝝࿪̄ฎІĂ͹ࢋࣧЯд І۞ࣧᇹொҌშྮᒖဩĂЯѩܫ઼࡚຋హ̳Φᓁ෗Bill Gatesд1997ѐ˵ Ϊߏ૟৽ώ І۞ዦ᝝͞ё̪ߏቢّሀёĂፋ࣎ዦ᝝ຏܫ ࿰ീĂҌ͌д˩ѐ̝̰Ă็௚ዦ᝝ᔘߏͧд ߏــІ̰टܫ௚͞ёĂͷ็ܕତޝቔ̂ኢ۞͛Іֽ଀͞ ᛇᔘߏܜ࿪ཝᏈ၌˯᝝˘ቔ д࿪ཝᏈ၌˯̝ዦ᝝Ąтצშྮዦ᝝̝΍னᄃ൴णĂ ᖎൺ۞ĂΞͽԡٺĄĞො47ğ၆ܮ Βӣྵኑᗔ̝ੈिĂٕܜ࿪̄ฎІ̰ट̴ڍ ᄮࠎშྮዦ᝝ڶధкˠಶϫ݈ࡊԫ۞൴णன т඀ԔՎូĂ᝝۰̪ົ௫ၚЕО΍࿪̄ฎּ ̈́ڤ΃็௚ዦ᝝ĂЯࠎዦ᝝۞ᅅᗫঈפᙱޝ ܫ࿪̄ฎІѣ็௚זצĄலౣϫ݈ І۞̰टĂٕ۰˵ߏ۞ז྿ڱනዋ̪ߏϫ݈ࡊԫٙ൑ Ӏă̂ณඈ็ᇫᐹܮ඾ዦ᝝Ă Іᓑᘭٙ৿ͻ̝ԣిăۻᅅᗫгो඾ă዁඾ٕڱ࿪ཝߏ൑ ĂГ ๕Ăጱ࡭᝝۰ᙸຍΝጯ௫тңΝֹϡ࿪̄ฎޢቔ͛ІܜЕОྶ˭ົــЯѩֹϡ۰ ซҖዦ᝝Ăֹ଀௫ၚ็௚ዦ᝝۞᝝۰׎ዦ᝝ ІĂ૟ᖞѣ۞໛఼གྷរᚶᜈдშྮᒖဩ̚ؼ Җࠎٕ௫ၚ֭ϏயϠԼតĄΩγĂ෹͛ώ̝ ᜈĄ ᆷүͧ็௚͛ώኑᗔͷӧᙱĂЯࠎ็௚͛ώ 2002ѐĂOpen eBook Forum၆ 163 Ҝѣ ҂ֶፂĂҭ ֹϡ࿪̄३གྷរ۞᝝۰ซҖࡁտአߤĂྍአޥ͹ࢋܼͽ᝝۰ቢّዦ᝝ѨԔࠎ ణ۰၆צშྮ෹͛ώЯග̟᝝۰Ᏼፄዦ᝝ѨԔ۞ҋ ߤ૟࿪̄३Αਕ௟̶ࠎ 48 ีĂឰ Г೩΍ޢϤĂጱ࡭ү۰υื҂ณ᝝۰̝ΞਕᅮՐᄃᏴ 48჌࿪̄३ΑਕֶࢦࢋّଵԔĂ൒ ពϯĂ᝝۰̙ҭࢋ࿪̼̄ڍĂЯѩ఺Ξ ҋ̎۞ຍ֍ĄඕޥፄĂд༼ᕇ̈́෹ాඕ˯෱Ⴝ͕ யϠ̝ࣧЯĄ ۞ΑਕĂ˵ࢋܲ঻৽ૺ۞р఍ĂЯѩ᝝۰၆ٽਕߏр۞შྮ෹͛ώ̙ ࡊԫ۞൴णĂ̙ᕝ૟ԧࣇ૲ˢՀ΄ ࿪̄३۞ؠཌྷೀͼߏ̙Զ̙љ۞Ķ࿪̄Αਕķੈྤ ৽˯۞३ķĂĞො48ğ֭Ύព΍זѺѐॡมĂ͛ф૟ ΐ˯ĶОזˠម؈۞͵ࠧĂٕధ̙ ࢦࢋ۞гޝ৽ૺ˯Ăშྮዦ᝝૟јࠎϏֽ͵ ৽ૺдன΃ˠ۞͕ϫ̚ᔘߏ׍ѣٺГ΍ன̙ ᝝۰ಈצࡔ۞͹ࢋ۞ĂࠤҌ઱˘۞ዦ᝝ݭၗĄְ၁ ҜĂٕᄲߏ็௚ዦ᝝۞ొ̶পّஎ ԧࣇҋ̈ጯ ຑĂЯѩӈֹѣາ۞ዦ᝝ᒖဩயϠĂ᝝۰̪זצዦ᝝ሀё۞ෞᆊົٺĂ၆˯ ௫̝གྷរᇆᜩĂЯѩϏགྷ።࿅࿪ཝॡ΃۞ˠ ԓ୕Ξͽ૟็௚ዦ᝝۞ొ̶পّؼᜈҌາ۞ ᝝۰၆࿪ٕ̄შྮዦ᝝ᒖٺຐညშྮዦ᝝۞ଐဩĂ҃གྷ።็௚ ዦ᝝ᒖဩ̚ĄҌڱॲώ൑ ᙱԆБᕚ ဩ۞ጯ௫̈́ዋᑕયᗟĂϫ݈ѐᅅ۞͵΃дጯޝዦ᝝གྷរ࠹༊ॡม۞᝝۰Ă݋ߏ ࠹ᙯ۞ྤੈ৵ዳኝ඀Ă၆შྮצϏ Ϡॡ΃̈́ତإ௲၆३ώ৽ૺ۞ਜ਼᝽Ă͍׎дშྮዦ᝝ јሢ̝ଐԛ˭Ăன΃ˠ̙Ξਕ௲ᗓ็௚۞ዦ ྤੈ۞ֹϡ̙֭ࢪϠĂΐ˯ྤੈࡊԫӮ̙ᕝ

72 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

дᆧૻࡊԫயݡΑਕ̝Ꮠ׶˧ĂЯѩშྮ෹ ᖞಫវ˘ؠົঐεĂ҃ͅѣΞਕజଯˢ˘࣎ ዦ᝝ ౵ਕܑனҋ̎পّ۞ҜཉĂֹາಫវјࠎΩ۞צߏᙱͽឰˠତܧ͛ώ̝ዦ᝝͞ё֭ ࡊੈྤܢᏴፄĄ ˘჌Ᏼፄ҃̏ĄĞො49ğѩγĂֶ Ă׎˘ۡߏˠᙷ౵͹ࢋ ԫ൴ण۞შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝Ă˵Яྤੈࡊԫ̝ޢځҋଂ৽ૺ൴ ҂̈́ྋޥԧࣇΝޞዦ᝝̈́३ᆷಫՄĂᔵ൒ϫ݈ྤੈࡊԫ˵д ซՎ҃ࢉϠາ۞યᗟĂඈ۞ ΃৽ૺ̝࿪̄৽ٕ࿪ ՙĄפᕝჟซ֭൴णΞͽ̙ ෳăಫ ˘ăംᇊੑயᝋયᗟڀግͪඈາࡊԫĂҭ̪ߏЯјώ͉̄ ᇴٺΦ၆̳ۍ౼΍Ăጱ ˘ֱ៍၅छ޽΍Ă̂ݭ΍ڱӀ̈́Ꮠ׶ّඈࣧЯ҃൑ܮՄ̙ૉ ͹ࢋࣧЯ̝˘ߏ̝ޘ޺៍୕ၗٱݡ̪ۍߏͽ৽ૺЕО΍ Ҝ΍̪ــ࡭࿪ٕ̄შྮ͛І Ъந۞෱פ෹͛ ᆊॾඉர۞યᗟĂΒ߁тңќٺĂ৽ૺ۞ঐਈณᔘߏ࠹༊មˠĄϤֽ ϲң჌Ъүޙώυืд࿪̄ᒖဩ̚Ă̖ਕणன׎পّĂٙ ϡĉᑕྍᄃϠய࿪̄३۞ᇄથ ૳ĉ౵ࢦࢋ۞ߏĂтٵѩ̝มтңكͽ˘όშྮ෹͛ώͽ৽ૺЕО΍ֽĂ̈́εΝ ᙯܼĉ ξಞĉΐ˯ϫۍ͛ώĂ ң̖ਕ̙ຫ̈́ߊѣ۞็௚΍ה෹͛ώ۞পّĂតј˘ਠ۞׽ؠО ᚑ૜Ăޝזઇڱ൑إݡ۞ΐ૜ۍ଀ዦ᝝Җࠎ̙֭ົѣЇңԼតĄӈֹშྮ ݈၆ᇴҜ΍ֹ ҲĂጱ࡭ംᇊੑயޝࢦᄦٕԼᄦ۞јώז෹͛ώ۞ዦ᝝፟ጡ̏ѣΞᛸё۞PDAă፟͘ ዎ ѩĂϫ݈ٺᒔ଀ܲᅪĄĞො50ğѣᝥڱᐌ֗ ᝋ൑ڱ࣎ˠ࿪ཝ۞௎ࢦ̈́൑ڇ࿪̄३Ăҹ̈́ Җۍຽ۰̙֭ົΐˢᇴҜ΍ۍధкྤੈ۞΍ ܮᛸ૲۞યᗟĂҭዦ᝝۞ݡኳĂтනዋă͞ ੈྤ۞ۍซ˘Վ೩̿Ą ЕĂ҃᝝۰˵ᄮࠎགྷ࿅็௚ϒё΍ޞඈ̪ ĄЯѩშྮྤੈֹϡ۞ംᇊੑயّރய ྵ׍ᝋٽ၁˯Ăр۞შྮ෹͛ώ̙֭टְ ቢّ ᝋયᗟтϏਕΐͽࢦෛĂ݋ధк׍ણ҂ّ̈́ܧᙋ၁ڱ൑˵ڍϠĂϫ݈࠹ᙯ۞ࡁտඕ ۰۞ᝋۍ෹͛ώዦ᝝˘ؠͧ็௚ቢّ۞͛ώዦ᝝͞ ጯఙّ۞ྤੈົЯП̈́ү۰̈́΍۞ ԛۍ᝝۰ώ֗۞ିֈࡦഀăዦ᝝ϫ۞ ৈĂጱ࡭ྤੈ۞ԛё͹ࢋᔘߏͽ็௚΍ٺёрĄϤ ܮშྮٙ૲ֽ̝זצֳڱ͛ώ۞̰टඈӮົᇆᜩዦ᝝ݡኳ̝ᐹКĂ ёࠎ͹Ăឰ᝝۰൑̈́ Яѩ੫၆̙Т۞ዦ᝝ϫ۞Ăᑕѣ̙Т۞ዦ᝝ ӀĄ ĂΪߏಶϫ݈შྮ ˟ăϖ˳ܲхޘඉரֽ೩̿ዦ᝝۞႕ຍ ֏Ăშྮ෹͛ ዦ᝝̙Т۞ᑫ९ॾё࿪̄ᑫืѣ࠹၆ᑕ҃ڶᒖဩ֭х۞னהᒖဩᄃО ώ۞ዦ᝝ᔵϏ൴णјሢĂҭ̪Ξ೩ֻ᝝۰ዦ ۞ዦ᝝హវĂ҃ྤੈࡊԫ۞ԣిᖼតֹ଀ϫ ಶ̙ೇхдĂЯѩޢ᝝ԛё۞Ω˘჌ᏴፄĄPaul LevinsonᄮࠎĂ ݈۞ᑫ९ॾёΞਕೀѐ ༊າಫវдߙֱΑਕ౼࿅ᖞಫវॡĂ̙΃ܑ ࠎቁܲ࿪̄ྤੈ̙ົᐌ඾ྤੈࡊԫ۞Լត҃

73 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

ϡĂྤੈ۞೩ֻ۰ٕგந۰υืซҖ ༱ˠĞҫ઼࡚˯შˠ˾13ƫğĂពϯດֽດֹڱ൑ ĄѩγĂIDCهѣᆊ۞៍ੈྤצኑᄦăॾёᖼೱăಫវᖼೱ̈́ր௚ᖼ кˠΞͽତ۞ੈྤ 2002ѐ5͡൴ܑ۞˘ЊࡁտಡӘ˵޽΍Ăٺ ೱඈүຽĄ߇ͽྤੈϖ˳׏ᖟ۞៍ᕇĂ࿪̄ Ă׎࣎̚ܜБ஧ቢ˯̰टξಞఢሀ૟޺ᜈј ܜĂ͛фӈΞۍफ़˘གྷ΍ྤהफ़̙ညОྤۍ ඾д৽ૺ˯ĂΪࢋ৽ૺ̙གྷ৔ᗼĂ׎၆ ˠϡ͗ቢ˯̰ट͚΍૟Ϥ2002ѐ۞38ᆆ࡚ܢ˳ ᒖဩ۞࡝˳ّΞͽჯ޺рೀ˼ѐౌ̙јય ̮Ăᆧΐࠎ2006ѐ۞65ᆆ࡚̮Ă፟ၹϡ͗ቢ ᗟĄҭߏྤੈࡊԫдೀ˼ѐ۞ॡม̰ѝ̙̏ ˯̰ट̝͚΍Ă˵૟Ϥ2002ѐ۞437ᆆ࡚ ࠎ2006ѐ۞884ᆆ࡚̮ĄĞො51ğܜၗĂᇴҜ׏ᖟ۞ϫ۞̝ ̮Ăјې൴णࠎң჌ົۢ ૟̙ົЯಫវमள҃ѣهజֹϡ۞ု׻Ăҭྤੈࡊ Яѩྤੈѣᆊ۞៍ੈྤܜĂᔵдؼ˘ ԫݒЯԫఙԣిᖼொ̝યᗟĂᅮਈ෱Հк۞ ̙ТĂͷྤੈѣᆊ˵ͅߍ˞ംᇊੑயᝋ۞ࢦ ϡĄᔵ ࢋّĂͽ̈́༊᝝۰ࢬ၆ྤੈ;෱۞યᗟॡĂֹڱˠ˧̈́གྷ෱ĂΝቁܲྤੈ̙ົ൑ ϡ࿪̄ ߏӎົЯᆊॾ҃Լត׎၆ዦ᝝ྤੈ۞Ᏼፄֹ̈́זצ൒᝝۰Яშྮࡊԫ۞൴྿ֳ҃ ϡ៍ᕇ ֹϡᐛதયᗟĂѩγĂშྮྤੈᑕྍтңؠֹ˳ܜӀĂҭͽፋ࣎ྤੈ̝ܮ̝ੈྤ ͛ώ۞ᆊॾᙯܼࠎңĉ˵ౌߏה͛ώ˘ᇹĂ ᆊĉ׎ᄃОה࠻Ăߏӎ᝝۰ਕтТֹϡОֽ ࠹ᙯ۞൴णᛉᗟĄ פຍྤੈܲх̈́᝝ڦ൑ืГԸˢ׎΁јώֽ યᗟĂ݋ߏঘ̈́᝝۰ጾѣྤੈ̝ᝋৈય αăᇴҜརमયᗟ۞ ᗟĄ შྮዦ᝝̝൴ण͹ࢋߏྫྷᐌྤੈࡊԫ۞ ăྤੈѣᆊ ൴णཙՎĂҭྤੈࡊԫ۞͹ᝋϫ݈ߏೠ೪дˬ ˵ഇĂధкຽ۰ࠎ٢ឦֹϡ۰ ለ࡚Аซ઼छ͘̚ĂЯѩშྮˠ˾۞̶οܐშྮ൴ण ߱͘Ăΐ˯ ߏะ̚дྤੈ̼ྵ੼̝পؠડા઼ٕछĄፂ็ކЍᜪ˵૱ͽҺ෱೩ֻүࠎ۞ ၱ൴ण؎ࣶົĞUNCTADğ۞࿪ٽĂ˵ᙸຍ ᓑЪ઼෶هВֳ۞៍ੈྤٺధк࣎ˠү۰ૄ ̪˾ಡӘ޽΍ĂБ஧შྮˠޘ૟࣎ˠ඾үҺ෱೩ֻ΁ˠֹϡĂౄјۤົ̂ ̄થચ൴णѐ غᔌቤĂ҃ଂ2002ѐޘ಼ܜĂҭјܜϡ۞Ą ᘦؠјפிᄮࠎშྮ˯۞ྤ໚ࣧώಶߏҺ෱ ચຽ Б஧შྮˠ˾ᇴф5.91ᆆֽ࠻Ăֹϡშᅫშڇ࿅дݡኳܲᙋ۞ࣧ݋˭Ăధкྤੈ̙ ચĂֹֹ࢝ϡ ྮ۞ˠ˾̙̈́Б஧ˠ˾̝˩̶̝˘Ăͷѣ૟ڇฟؕଳϡ;෱͞ёֽ೩ֻ˵ 68ƫ۞˯შˠ˾ะ̚д઼࡚ă͟ώ̈́ለ߷ܕ ٺĄॲፂeMarketerهѣᆊ۞៍ੈྤצ۰ତ 2002ѐ12̚͡൴ܑ۞አߤಡӘ޽΍Ă2002ѐ ඈ઼छĄĞො52ğЯѩĂშᅫშྮ۞΍னֹ ८઼͕छ۞ޢ઼࡚ѣ1,570༱˯შ۰Ğҫ઼࡚˯შˠ˾10 ଀ᙝหг૲۞઼छՀΐᅈᅈར ƫğ;෱ዦ᝝ቢ˯̰टĂ2003ѐ૟྿2,090 ൴णཙՎĂརˢళ۰ດళĂಱ۰ດಱ۞ᇴҜ

74 შྮ෹͛ώዦ᝝̝ଣ੅

ᅫࢦ ి൴ण̝ன෪Ą઼זצᕃ໛̚Ăᔵ൒ᇴҜརम۞યᗟ̏ Б஧ ͽॡม̈́Җࠎሀёֽ࠻ĂѣˠᄮࠎშྮܕෛĂ֭˵ౙᜈणฟ࠹ᙯࢍ൪Ăྏဦٛ म෼Ăҭ༊̚۞ኑᗔયᗟֹ଀ᇴҜརम۞ ዦ᝝̙֭ზߏৌϒ۞ዦ᝝ĂΪਕ˘჌ᕱᜓ۞̝ Ă̙გშྮ෹ܜĂጱ࡭შྮዦ᝝јሢ ҖࠎĂҭࢬ၆ྤੈ۞ԣిјޘᕖ̂ి̙̈́ޘٛซి ͛ώዦ᝝Ă׎౵ࢦࢋ۞הӅ˧۩มĄ ͛ώዦ᝝ٕ็௚О۞̂ޝ൴ण̪ѣ ዦ᝝ኝᗟĂΞਕߏтңдѣࢨ۞ॡม˭Լච ޥซҖາ۞ଣ৶ᄃڱЁăඕᄬ ዦ᝝ݡኳĂ֭၆ዦ᝝͞ ዦ᝝۞к̮̼ ҂ĂЯࠎ౵௣ᄃ᝝۰யϠ̢જ۞ߏ̰टĂЯٺშྮ۞ࡊԫᐹ๕ᔵѣӀ ҂͞ёĂ೩ ѩ̙გң჌ಫវĂಈຑዦ᝝۞᝝۰౵дຍ۞ޥ̈́ט൴णĂࡎ৔็௚ዦ᝝۞ࢨ ᝝۰Ω˘჌ዦ᝝͞ё۞ᏴፄĂ̙࿅ϫ݈შ ऻُᔘߏྤੈ̰टݡኳĄ༊൒̙Т۞ಫវтֻ ΐᆊࣃĂҋ൒ΞӛܢਕࠎྤੈΐˢՀк۞ڍ ĂּڇҹޞϏјሢĂధкг̪͞إዦ᝝Яྮ ߏ૟่ڍӀ۞᝝۰ཏĂҭтܮӀّăംᇊੑயᝋăϖ ͔ᓾՐड़த̈́ܮтዦ᝝۞නዋّă ࿪ཝᏈ၌˯Ă఺ᇹזटԆБኑᄦ̰۞ۍה׏ᖟăᇴҜརमඈયᗟĂ̙࿅ࡊԫ۞ԣి О˳ ൴णĂϫ݈۞યᗟ˵ధϏֽౌ̙ߏયᗟĂ҃ ۞ྤੈಫវ݋̙ߏԧࣇ၆࿪̄ಡٕ࿪̄३̝ ߏ෹͛ώĂౌܧ͹ࢋ۞ዦ᝝ҖࠎѣΞਕϤ็௚ዦ᝝ᖼࠎშྮ ؠཌྷĄᔵ൒ϫ݈შྮྤੈ֭ ͛ώݭၗĂ۞זтңĂྤ ҭߏ෹͛ώ۞পّ̏ߏ࠻଀ڍዦ᝝Ăٕߏ˟۰֭хĂҭ̙გඕ ಫវ۞ቢّዦ᝝পהາಫវ̙ᕝயϠ۞ΞਕĂ҃ѣΩ ೩ֻ᝝۰෹෸็௚Оזצट̰ੈ к̮ྮश̚ͽٺ࣎Ξͽᖼொ۞າಫវ۩มĄᔵ൒າಫវٙ ّĂኬ̟׎Հк۞ҋ͹ᝋĂ˘ შྮྤੈ༼ᕇมĂͽ̙ٺӀĂซ҃Լ ࣎ˠຍԠҋϤਝҖܮጾѣ۞າΑਕΞͽᆧΐዦ᝝۞ ٺТᆸࢬĄ၆̙۞ۏְ˘Тޞត᝝۰۞ዦ᝝ҖࠎĂ̙࿅ዦ᝝ҖࠎߏϤҋ̈ Т۞៍ᕇΝ࠻ ԼតιĂಫវڱགྷរᄃጯ௫௢᎕҃јĂЯѩĂዦ᝝ҖࠎΞ ዦ᝝ࣧؕ۞ຍཌྷĂಫវ֭൑̝ ࣧώགྷរ۞ᇆᜩĂ˵ΞਕགྷϤጯ௫ ۞Լតϫ۞ߏԓ୕ਕ೩̿ዦ᝝̝Αड़ᄃݡזצਕົ ၹྤੈຍཌྷ۞߿ޙϲдՀ ኳĂЯࠎι௣տߏˠᙷޙѣາ۞ԼតĂ ҃າ۞Լតυื҃ ΑਕĂٕ જĂ҃ຍཌྷֽܼҋྤੈ̰टώ֗Ą۞ܮ׍ӛ͔˧۞ૄᖂ˯ĂּтՀ͞ ѣྤੈٺඈĄ၆ڍߏਕᆧΐొ̶ˠ̝ጯ௫ड़ ࡊԫऻᛵা۞᝝۰Ăዦ᝝۞̬ࢬυืѣᏐ׶ ොᛖ ѐᅅ۞˘ ො1Ĉౘ݄රĂĶშྮֹϡ۰ዦ᝝Җࠎ̝ࡁٺĂ̖ਕঐੵ׎̙ዋᑕّĂ҃၆˧ ё̈́࿪̄ё̈ᄲ͛ώࠎּה΃ĂЯдጯϠॡ΃ӈฟؕጯ௫ֹ̈́ϡྤੈࡊ տĈͽО ԫĂҋ൒ྵ̙ົѣ̙௫ၚ̈́ԩ١ྤੈࡊԫԣ ķĂĞ୶ѯ̂ጯྤੈᄃဦ३ᐡጯրჇ

75 ௐ4ഇĞ2004.3ğסဦ३ྤੈጯΏ ௐ1

̀঱Ⴧ̀ኢ͛Ăϔ91ѐ6͡ğĂࢱ6Ą Social Science Research Activity and ො2ĈᆅࡶᜋĂĶOECDአߤĈ઼ࣹ࣎छዦ᝝ Research Publication,Ň Research ਕ˧౵ૻĉķ͇˭ᗔᄫௐ263ഇ Evaluation 4Ĉ3Ğ1994ğĈ130-152. Ğ2002/11/15ğĞ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.5.12ğ cited by Diana Hicks, ŇThe Difficulty of ො3ĈD. J. Leu, ņCaityŅs QuestionĈ Achieving Full Coverage of International Literacy as Deixis on the Internet,Ň The Social Science Literature and the Bibliometric Consequences,Ň Reading Teacher 51Ğ1997ğĈ62. Scientometrics 44:2 (1999)Ĉ197. ො4ĈJulie Coiro, ņExploring Literacy on the ො10ĈChris Dunning, ņGot Change for a Internet,Ň The Reading Teacher 56:5 Paradigm? From Gutenberg to (February 2003)Ĉ458. Hypertext,Ň Ğ˯შ Interpersonal Computing and Technology ͟ഇĈ2004.6.4ğ 2:4 (1994)Ĉ24-36Ă ො11Ĉჶώ༄ĂĶშྮዦ᝝ᄃҖࠎԼត۞ ො6ĈMartin Ryder, ņHypertext ĈDelany & .ଣğķĂ Education,ŇĞ˯შ͟ഇĈ Ĉګො12ĈౘᇈቶĂĶд͛ф۞ෘᅩม٥ 2004.5.12ğ ኘĺ෹ాඕĻķĂᓑЪಡe͵΃͛ጯ ො7ĈRoy Rada,ņWriting and Reading ಡௐ266ഇĂ < http://www.weil105. Hypertext : An Overview,Ň Journal of idv.tw/comp/journal/link.html>Ğ˯ the American Society for Information შ͟ഇĈ2004.9.23ğ Science 40:3 (1989)Ĉ164. ො 13Ĉ໅؄സă໅ඡЇăૺσላăष඀ᅈ ன΃͹ཌྷޢො8ĈเᆀጬĂĶ෹ዦ᝝Ĉᇴቅॡ΃۞͛ώ ĂĶү۰̝ѪĈ͐পᄃ តࢭķĂງܝ̂ጯጯಡ 2001ѐௐ1ഇĂ ķĂĞ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004. 2003-4-30/2003430/42143.asp >Ğ˯შ 6.2ğ ͟ഇĈ2004.4.9ğ ො 14ĈเᆀጬĂĶޢඕၹ͹ཌྷᄃ෹͛ώந /ķĂĞ˯შ͟ഇ;

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2004.10.25ğ of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on ො15ĈMary C. Dyson and Mark Haselgrove, Human Factors in Computing Systems ņThe Effects of Reading Speed and and Graphics Interface, v.17. Reading Patterns on the Understanding ො22ĈDiane Greco,ņ Hypertext with of Text Read from Screen,Ň Journal of ConsequencesĈRecovering a Politics of Hypertext,Ň 1996,Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.10.25 ො16ĈDavid Taylor, ņWriting for the WebĈ ğĄ A Comprehensive Overview,Ň Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.9. տķĂĞέ̚रቑጯੰᄬ͛ିֈጯր 26ğ Ⴧ̀঱Ăϔ91ѐğĂࢱ30Ą ො17Ĉౘ݄රĂĶშྮֹϡ۰̈ᄲዦ᝝Җࠎ ො24ĈGeorge Landow, ņChanging Texts, ̝ࡁտķĂିֈྤफ़ᄃဦ३ᐡጯ ௐ40 Changing Readers: Hypertext in ௐ2ഇĞ2002ğ, ࢱ243-269Ąס Literary Education, Criticism, and ො18ĈТො1Ăࢱ110Ą Scholarship, the Web,Ň 1997Ğ˯შ͟ഇ ො25ĈՂึᎸĂĶ͛ᙊ̝តķĂApril 22, Ĉ2004.9.26ğ 1999, Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.5.11ğޘצ௫ၚ࠻࿪̄ಡ̝ତ ,ᇫጯಡ ො26ĈPeter W. Flotz, ņComprehension็הОتО็ܼࠎּķĂර̂ ௐ33ഇĞϔ91ğĂࢱ103, 105Ą Coherence and Strategies in Hypertext ො21ĈJohn D. Gould, Lizettl Alfaro, Rich and Linear Text,Ň Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.5.11ğ from CRT Displays Than From Paper,Ň ො27ĈSasha A. Barab, Michael F. Young and ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, Proceedings Jianjuan Wang, ņThe Effects of

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Navigational and Generative Activities ො33ĈNicholas C. Burbules, ņRhetorics of in Hypertext Learning on Problem the Web: Hyperreading and Critical Solving and Comprehension,ŇInter- Literacy,Ň in Page to Screen: Taking national Journal of Instructional Literacy into the Electronic Era (New Media 26Ĉ3Ğ1999ğĈ283. York : Routledgep, 1998), p.103. ො28ĈSue Barnes,ņHypertext Literacy,Ň ො34ĈТො12Ą Interpersonal Computing and ො35ĈТො33Ą Technology 2:4(1994)Ĉ24-36Ă Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.5.21ğ April 2001Ă < http://www.planete- book.com/download/schcolnik.pdf ො29ĈJ. Conklin, ņHypertextĈAn Introd- >Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.9.26ğ uction and Survey,Ň Computer 20Ĉ9 ො37ĈEric J. Simon, ņElectronic Textbooks: Ğ1987ğĈ17-41. A Pilot Study of Student E-Reading ො30ĈDavid S. Miall, ņReading Hypertext,Ň Habirs,Ň 2001Ă Ğ˯შ͟ഇ ~dmiall/Brazil/Brazil_hypertext.htm> Ĉ2004.9.26ğ Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.6.4ğ ො38Ĉͳध∖ăᆒྐ༉ăౘұՅă໅ЏౢĂ ො31ĈPunyashloke Mishra and Kim Nguyen- Ķ็௚३ᄃ࿪̄३ዦ᝝۰̝ዦ᝝જ፟ Jahiel,ņReading Pring and Hypertext ăዦ᝝Җࠎᄃξಞҫѣத̝ࡁտķĂ FictionĈReader Stance and Its Impact ጯಡௐ4ഇĞϔ87ѐ5͡ğĂהາО͵ on Meaning Making,Ň1998Ă ො40Ĉͳ༯ Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.6.4ğ ֹ̝ϡજ፟ᄃҖࠎ̬௜ķĂࡁ҂ᗕ͡ ௐ2ഇĞ2002ѐ4͡ğĂࢱ56סො32Ĉ Nicholas C. Burbules,ņAporia : Ώௐ26 Passages, Getting Lost, and Learning to -67Ą Go On,Ň Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.5.24ğ dium,Ňin Hypermedia and Literary

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Studies. Edited by Paul Delancy and ො47ĈТො43Ą ĂĶ̦ᆃߏ࿪̄३Ĉ࿪̄Ů ३مGeorge P. Landow. Cambridge, MA: ො48Ĉ֤჊ MIT Press, 1992. pp.153-169. cited by ķApril 20, 2002 ĂĞ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.6.11ğ English Journal 90:2ĞNov. 2000ğĈ ො49ĈJean S. Mason, ņFrom GutenbergŅs 79. Galaxy to Cyberspace: The ො42ĈŇHypertext and the Role of the Reader Transforming Power of Electronic and Writer,Ň Ğ˯შ͟ at McGill Canada. 2000. Ğ˯შ͟ഇ ഇĈ2004.5.24ğ Ĉ2004.5.11ğ ĂĶᇴҜॡ΃۞̂ிዦ᝝௫ ො50ĈౘഀಜĂĶ࿪̄३Ĉගዦ᝝˘࣎າؠ̮ܫො43Ĉౘ ၚķĂБ઼າ३ྤੈ͡Ώ89ѐ4ཱི͡Ă ཌྷķ͇˭ᗔᄫ ҾΊ1Ğ89ѐ1͡ğĂ Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ टķĂĞ˯შ͟ഇĈ2004.5.21ğمො44Ĉ֤჊ Б஧˯შغhttp://www.brainnew.com.tw/Article/ ො52ĈྤඉົĂĶUNĈ2002ѐ> na2001/n_073001.asp>Ğ˯შ͟ഇĈ ˠ˾྿5.91ᆆķĂĞ˯შ͟ഇĈ 2004.5.11ğ