An Overview of Hypertext Transfer Protocol Service Security on Business Domain
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Know Before You Go
Know Before You Go NORWAY A Guide to Keep You Safe Abroad provided by: Pathways to Safety International Updated May 2019 KNOW BEFORE YOU GO: NORWAY 2 Let’s be perfectly clear, the number one way to prevent sexual assault is to not rape. While the responsibility of ending sexual gender based violence is on the perpetrators, this guide will offer general safety tips, country-specific information, and resources to help prevent and prepare travelers for the possibility of sexual assault abroad. GENERAL SAFETY TIPS: 1. Use the buddy system and travel with friends. 7 out of 10 2. Be aware of social and cultural norms. For example, looking at someone in rapes are the eyes when you speak to them is perfectly normal in the U.S., but in committed another country that could signify you’re interested in the person. by someone known to the 3. Recognize controlling behavior when entering a relationship. Most rape 1 survivors recall feeling “uncomfortable” about some of their partner’s behaviors victim such as degrading jokes/language or refusal to accept “no” as an answer, whether in a sexual context or otherwise.2 4. Avoid secluded places where you could be more vulnerable. Meet new people in public spaces and let a trusted friend know where you’ll be beforehand. Always have a backup plan in mind. 5. Trust your gut. Many victims have a “bad feeling” right before an assault takes place. It’s okay to leave a situation that is making you feel uncomfortable. Stay alert and aware in new social settings and places. -
Rdfa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing Rdfa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing
RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing A collection of attributes and processing rules for extending XHTML to support RDF W3C Recommendation 14 October 2008 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014 Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-syntax Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/PR-rdfa-syntax-20080904 Diff from previous version: rdfa-syntax-diff.html Editors: Ben Adida, Creative Commons [email protected] Mark Birbeck, webBackplane [email protected] Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology, Inc. [email protected] Steven Pemberton, CWI Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: PostScript version, PDF version, ZIP archive, and Gzip’d TAR archive. The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Non-normative translations may also be available. Copyright © 2007-2008 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract The current Web is primarily made up of an enormous number of documents that have been created using HTML. These documents contain significant amounts of structured data, which is largely unavailable to tools and applications. When publishers can express this data more completely, and when tools can read it, a new world of user functionality becomes available, letting users transfer structured data between applications and web sites, and allowing browsing applications to improve the user experience: an event on a web page can be directly imported - 1 - How to Read this Document RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing into a user’s desktop calendar; a license on a document can be detected so that users can be informed of their rights automatically; a photo’s creator, camera setting information, resolution, location and topic can be published as easily as the original photo itself, enabling structured search and sharing. -
A Comparison of Two Navigational Aids for Hypertext Mark Alan Satterfield Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 A comparison of two navigational aids for hypertext Mark Alan Satterfield Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Business and Corporate Communications Commons, and the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Satterfield, Mark Alan, "A comparison of two navigational aids for hypertext" (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14376. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14376 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Comparison of two navigational aids for h3q5ertext by Mark Alan Satterfield A Thesis Submitted to the Gradxiate Facultyin Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department: English Major; English (Business and Technical Communication) Signatureshave been redactedforprivacy Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1992 Copyright © Mark Alan Satterfield, 1992. All rights reserved. u TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AN INTRODUCTION TO USER DISORIENTATION AND NAVIGATION IN HYPERTEXT 1 Navigation Aids 3 Backtrack 3 History 4 Bookmarks 4 Guided tours 5 Indexes 6 Browsers 6 Graphic browsers 7 Table-of-contents browsers 8 Theory of Navigation 8 Schemas ^ 9 Cognitive maps 9 Schemas and maps in text navigation 10 Context 11 Schemas, cognitive maps, and context 12 Metaphors for navigation ' 13 Studies of Navigation Effectiveness 15 Paper vs. -
The Web 2.0 Way of Learning with Technologies Herwig Rollett
Int. J. Learning Technology, Vol. X, No. Y, xxxx 1 The Web 2.0 way of learning with technologies Herwig Rollett* Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 21a A-8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Mathias Lux Department for Information Technology University of Klagenfurt Universitätsstraße 65–67 A-9020 Klagenfurt, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Markus Strohmaier Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E4, Canada Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 21a A-8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Gisela Dösinger Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 21a A-8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Klaus Tochtermann Know-Center Institute of Knowledge Management Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 21a, A-8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 200x Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. 2 H. Rollett et al. Abstract: While there is a lot of hype around various concepts associated with the term Web 2.0 in industry, little academic research has so far been conducted on the implications of this new approach for the domain of education. Much of what goes by the name of Web 2.0 can, in fact, be regarded as a new kind of learning technologies, and can be utilised as such. This paper explains the background of Web 2.0, investigates the implications for knowledge transfer in general, and then discusses its particular use in eLearning contexts with the help of short scenarios. The main challenge in the future will be to maintain essential Web 2.0 attributes, such as trust, openness, voluntariness and self-organisation, when applying Web 2.0 tools in institutional contexts. -
Hypertext Newswriting Effects on Satisfaction, Comprehension and Attitudes João Canavilhas Universidade Da Beira Interior Key-W
Hypertext newswriting effects on satisfaction, comprehension and attitudes João Canavilhas Universidade da Beira Interior Key-words: hypertext; web journalism; online jornalism Abstract More than a decade after the beginning of online journalism, the great expectations of this field of expertise remain unfulfilled. Hypertextuality, multimediality, and interactivity remain original marks as yet unexplored by journalism made on the web (though not for the web). In the specific case of hypertextuality, the subject of this study, its little use is linked with journalists’ time constraints, the absence of an organizational model not limited to copying printed papers, and the fear that readers may reject non-linear reading (Paul, 2005). The latter reason is likely what is most hindering the evolution of web journalism, despite the great potential of online news formed by networks of linked texts. To begin with, it frees the reader, giving them the option to create their own path of reading. Additionally, it offers extra contextual information about the subject, allowing readers to increase their knowledge on the subject according to their own interests. Despite the apparent advantages, such textual networks demand an additional effort of readers to interact with the theme. They must follow links, and skip from text to text, which may be perceived as obstructive to their reading. The passivity imposed by the most powerful medium, television, and the recipients’ deeply-rooted habit of linear readings raise an important question: Will readers value the hypertext contexts to such an extent that they will make that additional effort, or are the newspapers right in their fears of the readers’s reaction? In an attempt to answer this question, an experimental study was carried out assessing the effects of hypertext on levels satisfaction, perception, comprehension, and attitudes 1 of online news readers. -
An Analysis of Dewey Linked Data
Palabra Clave (La Plata) ISSN: 1853-9912 [email protected] Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina Classification on the Web: an analysis of Dewey Linked Data Tomoyose, Kazumi; Simionato Arakaki, Ana Carolina Classification on the Web: an analysis of Dewey Linked Data Palabra Clave (La Plata), vol. 9, núm. 2, 2020 Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=350562513005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24215/18539912e092 PDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4R por Redalyc Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Palabra Clave (La Plata), 2020, 9(2), Abril-Septiembre, ISSN: 1853-9912 Avances de investigación Classification on the Web: an analysis of Dewey Linked Data La Clasificación en la web: un análisis de Dewey Linked Data Kazumi Tomoyose DOI: https://doi.org/10.24215/18539912e092 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil Redalyc: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? [email protected] id=350562513005 Ana Carolina Simionato Arakaki Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil [email protected] Recepción: 23 Agosto 2019 Aprobación: 12 Noviembre 2019 Abstract: With the availability of information in the World Wide Web its access and retrieval by the users is facilitated, and the Library and Information Science (LIS) field’s knowledge and techniques can be applied to this environment in order to help with the process. e present study is descriptive, qualitative and exploratory, based on bibliographical sources, in which it was explored how the Classification discipline interacts with Linked Data, focusing on the analysis of Dewey Linked Data. -
Proxy Auto-Config Files
APPENDIX B Proxy Auto-Config Files Revised: July 15, 2010 Overview Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) is a method used by Web browsers to select a proxy for a given URL. The method for choosing a proxy is written as a JavaScript function contained in a PAC file. This file can be hosted locally or on a network. Browsers can be configured to use the file either manually or, in Microsoft Windows environments, automatically using Group Policy Objects. This appendix explains the basics of using PAC files. How PAC Files Work A PAC file is referenced each time a new URL is loaded. The host, for example cnn.com, the URL, for example cnn.com/images/logo.jpg, and other information such as the local machine IP address can be evaluated and rules based on this information used to determine whether to send the traffic via a proxy or direct to the Internet. The following example compares the URL requested by the user, with the URL ipcheckit.com/data/. If the URLs match, the PAC file will instruct the browser to send the request direct to the Internet. This can be used if you need to exception a section of a Web site from going via the Web Scanning Services; if the user had requested only ipcheckit.com, this rule would not apply: if (shExpMatch(url,"ipcheckit.com/data/*")) return "DIRECT"; In the next example the local IP address of the machine making a Web request is evaluated. If the IP address falls within the IP address range 10.10.1.* then the PAC file will send the request to proxy182.scansafe.net. -
The Potential Harms of the Tor Anonymity Network Cluster Disproportionately in Free Countries
The potential harms of the Tor anonymity network cluster disproportionately in free countries Eric Jardinea,1,2, Andrew M. Lindnerb,1, and Gareth Owensonc,1 aDepartment of Political Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; bDepartment of Sociology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866; and cCyber Espion Ltd, Portsmouth PO2 0TP, United Kingdom Edited by Douglas S. Massey, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved October 23, 2020 (received for review June 10, 2020) The Tor anonymity network allows users to protect their privacy However, substantial evidence has shown that the preponder- and circumvent censorship restrictions but also shields those ance of Onion/Hidden Services traffic connects to illicit sites (7). distributing child abuse content, selling or buying illicit drugs, or With this important caveat in mind, our data also show that the sharing malware online. Using data collected from Tor entry distribution of potentially harmful and beneficial uses is uneven, nodes, we provide an estimation of the proportion of Tor network clustering predominantly in politically free regimes. In particular, users that likely employ the network in putatively good or bad the average rate of likely malicious use of Tor in our data for ways. Overall, on an average country/day, ∼6.7% of Tor network countries coded by Freedom House as “not free” is just 4.8%. In users connect to Onion/Hidden Services that are disproportion- countries coded as “free,” the percentage of users visiting Onion/ ately used for illicit purposes. We also show that the likely balance Hidden Services as a proportion of total daily Tor use is nearly of beneficial and malicious use of Tor is unevenly spread globally twice as much or ∼7.8%. -
Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network
Emin Çalışkan, Tomáš Minárik, Anna-Maria Osula Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network Tallinn 2015 This publication is a product of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (the Centre). It does not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of the Centre or NATO. The Centre may not be held responsible for any loss or harm arising from the use of information contained in this publication and is not responsible for the content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication. Digital or hard copies of this publication may be produced for internal use within NATO and for personal or educational use when for non- profit and non-commercial purpose, provided that copies bear a full citation. www.ccdcoe.org [email protected] 1 Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Tor and Internet Filtering Circumvention ....................................................................................... 4 2.1. Technical Methods .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1. Proxy ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Tunnelling/Virtual Private Networks ............................................................................... 5 -
How Speedy Is SPDY?
How Speedy is SPDY? Xiao Sophia Wang, Aruna Balasubramanian, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and David Wetherall, University of Washington https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi14/technical-sessions/wang This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI ’14). April 2–4, 2014 • Seattle, WA, USA ISBN 978-1-931971-09-6 Open access to the Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI ’14) is sponsored by USENIX How speedy is SPDY? Xiao Sophia Wang, Aruna Balasubramanian, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and David Wetherall University of Washington Abstract provides only a modest improvement [13, 19]. In our SPDY is increasingly being used as an enhancement own study [25] of page load time (PLT) for the top 200 to HTTP/1.1. To understand its impact on performance, Web pages from Alexa [1], we found either SPDY or we conduct a systematic study of Web page load time HTTP could provide better performance by a significant (PLT) under SPDY and compare it to HTTP. To identify margin, with SPDY performing only slightly better than the factors that affect PLT, we proceed from simple, syn- HTTP in the median case. thetic pages to complete page loads based on the top 200 As we have looked more deeply into the performance Alexa sites. We find that SPDY provides a significant im- of SPDY, we have come to appreciate why it is chal- provement over HTTP when we ignore dependencies in lenging to understand. Both SPDY and HTTP perfor- the page load process and the effects of browser compu- mance depend on many factors external to the protocols tation. -
Defending Against Malicious Cyber Activity Originating From
TLP:WHITE Product ID: A20-183A July 1, 2020 Defending Against Malicious Cyber Activity Originating from Tor This advisory—written by the Cybersecurity Security and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) with contributions from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)—highlights risks associated with Tor, along with technical details and recommendations for mitigation. Cyber threat actors can use Tor software and network infrastructure for anonymity and obfuscation purposes to clandestinely conduct malicious cyber operations.1,2,3 Tor (aka The Onion Router) is software that allows users to browse the web anonymously by encrypting and routing requests through multiple relay layers or nodes. This software is maintained by the Tor Project, a nonprofit organization that provides internet anonymity and anti-censorship tools. While Tor can be used to promote democracy and free, anonymous use of the internet, it also provides an avenue for malicious actors to conceal their activity because identity and point of origin cannot be determined for a Tor software user. Using the Onion Routing Protocol, Tor software obfuscates a user’s identity from anyone seeking to monitor online activity (e.g., nation states, surveillance organizations, information security tools). This is possible because the online activity of someone using Tor software appears to originate from the Internet Protocol (IP) address of a Tor exit node, as opposed to the IP address of the user’s computer. CISA and the FBI recommend that organizations assess their individual risk of compromise via Tor and take appropriate mitigations to block or closely monitor inbound and outbound traffic from known Tor nodes. 1 CISA Alert published April 2020: Continued Threat Actor Exploitation Post Pulse Secure VPN Patching. -
XHTML Rdfa Modules XHTML Rdfa Modules
XHTML RDFa Modules XHTML RDFa Modules XHTML RDFa Modules Modules to support RDF annotation of elements W3C Editor’s Draft 11 August 2007 This version: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/2007/ED-xhtml-rdfa-20070811 Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-rdfa Previous Editor’s Draft: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/2007/ED-xhtml-rdfa-20070705 Diff from previous Editor’s Draft: xhtml-rdfa-diff.html Editors: Mark Birbeck, x-port.net Ltd. Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology, Inc. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: PostScript version, PDF version, ZIP archive, and Gzip’d TAR archive. The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Non-normative translations may also be available. Copyright © 2007 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract The XHTML RDFa (RDF using attributes) modules define a collection of elements and attributes that enhance a document authors ability to annotate the relationships of content within and among documents. These modules can be integrated into any markup language based upon XHTML Modularization [XHTMLMOD [p.45] ]. Status of This Document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/. - 1 - Table of Contents XHTML RDFa Modules This document is an internal editors draft for development purposes. However, its content is based upon mature materials from [XHTML2 [p.45] ] and is therefore considered nearly complete.