Defending Against Malicious Cyber Activity Originating From
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Know Before You Go
Know Before You Go NORWAY A Guide to Keep You Safe Abroad provided by: Pathways to Safety International Updated May 2019 KNOW BEFORE YOU GO: NORWAY 2 Let’s be perfectly clear, the number one way to prevent sexual assault is to not rape. While the responsibility of ending sexual gender based violence is on the perpetrators, this guide will offer general safety tips, country-specific information, and resources to help prevent and prepare travelers for the possibility of sexual assault abroad. GENERAL SAFETY TIPS: 1. Use the buddy system and travel with friends. 7 out of 10 2. Be aware of social and cultural norms. For example, looking at someone in rapes are the eyes when you speak to them is perfectly normal in the U.S., but in committed another country that could signify you’re interested in the person. by someone known to the 3. Recognize controlling behavior when entering a relationship. Most rape 1 survivors recall feeling “uncomfortable” about some of their partner’s behaviors victim such as degrading jokes/language or refusal to accept “no” as an answer, whether in a sexual context or otherwise.2 4. Avoid secluded places where you could be more vulnerable. Meet new people in public spaces and let a trusted friend know where you’ll be beforehand. Always have a backup plan in mind. 5. Trust your gut. Many victims have a “bad feeling” right before an assault takes place. It’s okay to leave a situation that is making you feel uncomfortable. Stay alert and aware in new social settings and places. -
Arxiv:1907.07120V1 [Cs.CY] 16 Jul 2019 1 Introduction That China Hindered Access to I2P by Poisoning DNS Resolu- Tions of the I2P Homepage and Three Reseed Servers
Measuring I2P Censorship at a Global Scale Nguyen Phong Hoang Sadie Doreen Michalis Polychronakis Stony Brook University The Invisible Internet Project Stony Brook University Abstract required flexibility for conducting fine-grained measurements on demand. We demonstrate these benefits by conducting an The prevalence of Internet censorship has prompted the in-depth investigation of the extent to which the I2P (invis- creation of several measurement platforms for monitoring ible Internet project) anonymity network is blocked across filtering activities. An important challenge faced by these different countries. platforms revolves around the trade-off between depth of mea- Due to the prevalence of Internet censorship and online surement and breadth of coverage. In this paper, we present surveillance in recent years [7, 34, 62], many pro-privacy and an opportunistic censorship measurement infrastructure built censorship circumvention tools, such as proxy servers, virtual on top of a network of distributed VPN servers run by vol- private networks (VPN), and anonymity networks have been unteers, which we used to measure the extent to which the developed. Among these tools, Tor [23] (based on onion rout- I2P anonymity network is blocked around the world. This ing [39,71]) and I2P [85] (based on garlic routing [24,25,33]) infrastructure provides us with not only numerous and ge- are widely used by privacy-conscious and censored users, as ographically diverse vantage points, but also the ability to they provide a higher level of privacy and anonymity [42]. conduct in-depth measurements across all levels of the net- In response, censors often hinder access to these services work stack. -
A Generic Data Exchange System for F2F Networks
The Retroshare project The GXS system Decentralize your app! A Generic Data Exchange System for F2F Networks Cyril Soler C.Soler The GXS System 03 Feb. 2018 1 / 19 The Retroshare project The GXS system Decentralize your app! Outline I Overview of Retroshare I The GXS system I Decentralize your app! C.Soler The GXS System 03 Feb. 2018 2 / 19 The Retroshare project The GXS system Decentralize your app! The Retroshare Project I Mesh computers using signed TLS over TCP/UDP/Tor/I2P; I anonymous end-to-end encrypted FT with swarming; I mail, IRC chat, forums, channels; I available on Mac OS, Linux, Windows, (+ Android). C.Soler The GXS System 03 Feb. 2018 3 / 19 The Retroshare project The GXS system Decentralize your app! The Retroshare Project I Mesh computers using signed TLS over TCP/UDP/Tor/I2P; I anonymous end-to-end encrypted FT with swarming; I mail, IRC chat, forums, channels; I available on Mac OS, Linux, Windows. C.Soler The GXS System 03 Feb. 2018 3 / 19 The Retroshare project The GXS system Decentralize your app! The Retroshare Project I Mesh computers using signed TLS over TCP/UDP/Tor/I2P; I anonymous end-to-end encrypted FT with swarming; I mail, IRC chat, forums, channels; I available on Mac OS, Linux, Windows. C.Soler The GXS System 03 Feb. 2018 3 / 19 The Retroshare project The GXS system Decentralize your app! The Retroshare Project I Mesh computers using signed TLS over TCP/UDP/Tor/I2P; I anonymous end-to-end encrypted FT with swarming; I mail, IRC chat, forums, channels; I available on Mac OS, Linux, Windows. -
Pairing-Based Onion Routing with Improved Forward Secrecy ∗
Pairing-Based Onion Routing with Improved Forward Secrecy ∗ Aniket Kate Greg M. Zaverucha Ian Goldberg David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 {akate,gzaveruc,iang}@cs.uwaterloo.ca Abstract This paper presents new protocols for onion routing anonymity networks. We define a provably secure privacy-preserving key agreement scheme in an identity-based infrastructure setting, and use it to forge new onion routing circuit constructions. These constructions, based on a user’s selection, offer immediate or eventual forward secrecy at each node in a circuit and require significantly less computation and communication than the telescoping mechanism used by Tor. Further, the use of the identity-based infrastructure also leads to a reduction in the required amount of authenticated directory information. Therefore, our constructions provide practical ways to allow onion routing anonymity networks to scale gracefully. Keywords: onion routing, Tor, pairing-based cryptography, anonymous key agreement, forward secrecy 1 Introduction Over the years, a large number of anonymity networks have been proposed and some have been implemented. Common to many of them is onion routing [RSG98], a technique whereby a message is wrapped in multiple layers of encryption, forming an onion. As the message is delivered via a number of intermediate onion routers (ORs), or nodes, each node decrypts one of the layers, and forwards the message to the next node. This idea goes back to Chaum [Cha81] and has been used to build both low- and high-latency communication networks. A common realization of an onion routing system is to arrange a collection of nodes that will relay traffic for users of the system. -
Hacking the Web
Hacking the Web (C) 2009-2020 Arun Viswanathan Ellis Horowitz Marco Papa 1 Table of Contents } General Introduction } Authentication Attacks } Client-Side Attacks } Injection Attacks } Recent Attacks } Privacy Tools 2 (C) 2009-2020 Arun Viswanathan Ellis Horowitz Marco Papa Why secure the Web? } The Web has evolved into an ubiquitous entity providing a rich and common platform for connecting people and doing business. } BUT, the Web also offers a cheap, effective, convenient and anonymous platform for crime. } To get an idea, the Web has been used for the following types of criminal activities (source: The Web Hacking Incidents Database (WHID) http://projects.webappsec.org/w/page/13246995/Web-Hacking-Incident-Database) } Chaos (Attack on Russian nuclear power websites amid accident rumors (5Jan09) } Deceit (SAMY XSS Worm – Nov 2005) } Extortion (David Aireys domain hijacked due to a CSRF (cross site request forgery) flaw in Gmail – 30Dec2007) } Identity Theft (XSS on Yahoo! Hot jobs – Oct 2008) } Information Warfare (Israeli Gaza War - Jan 2009 / Balkan Wars – Apr 2008 ) } Monetary Loss (eBay fraud using XSS) } Physical Pain (Hackers post on epilepsy forum causes migraines and seizures – May 2008) } Political Defacements (Hacker changes news release on Sheriffs website – Jul 2008) (Obama, Oreilly and Britneys Twitter accounts hacked and malicious comments posted – Jan 09) } Chinese Gaming sites hacked (Dec. 2011) 3 Copyright(C) 2009 (c) -20092020- 2019Arun Arun Viswanathan Viswanathan Ellis HorowitzEllis Horowitz Marco Marco Papa Papa -
Anonymous Rate Limiting with Direct Anonymous Attestation
Anonymous rate limiting with Direct Anonymous Attestation Alex Catarineu Philipp Claßen Cliqz GmbH, Munich Konark Modi Josep M. Pujol 25.09.18 Crypto and Privacy Village 2018 Data is essential to build services 25.09.18 Crypto and Privacy Village 2018 Problems with Data Collection IP UA Timestamp Message Payload Cookie Type 195.202.XX.XX FF.. 2018-07-09 QueryLog [face, facebook.com] Cookie=966347bfd 14:01 1e550 195.202.XX.XX Chrome.. 2018-07-09 Page https://analytics.twitter.com/user/konark Cookie=966347bfd 14:06 modi 1e55040434abe… 195.202.XX.XX Chrome.. 2018-07-09 QueryLog [face, facebook.com] Cookie=966347bfd 14:10 1e55040434abe… 195.202.XX.XX Chrome.. 2018-07-09 Page https://booking.com/hotels/barcelona Cookie=966347bfd 16:15 1e55040434abe… 195.202.XX.XX Chrome.. 2018-07-09 QueryLog [face, facebook.com] Cookie=966347bfd 14:10 1e55040434abe… 195.202.XX.XX FF.. 2018-07-09 Page https://shop.flixbus.de/user/resetting/res Cookie=966347bfd 18:40 et/hi7KTb1Pxa4lXqKMcwLXC0XzN- 1e55040434abe… 47Tt0Q 25.09.18 Crypto and Privacy Village 2018 Anonymous data collection Timestamp Message Type Payload 2018-07-09 14 Querylog [face, facebook.com] 2018-07-09 14 Querylog [boo, booking.com] 2018-07-09 14 Page https://booking.com/hotels/barcelona 2018-07-09 14 Telemetry [‘engagement’: 0 page loads last week, 5023 page loads last month] More details: https://gist.github.com/solso/423a1104a9e3c1e3b8d7c9ca14e885e5 http://josepmpujol.net/public/papers/big_green_tracker.pdf 25.09.18 Crypto and Privacy Village 2018 Motivation: Preventing attacks on anonymous data collection Timestamp Message Type Payload 2018-07-09 14 querylog [book, booking.com] 2018-07-09 14 querylog [fac, facebook.com] … …. -
Hotspot Feature for Wi-Fi Clients with RADIUS User Authentication on Digi Transport
Application Note 56 Hotspot feature for Wi-Fi clients with RADIUS User Authentication on Digi TransPort. Digi Support November 2015 1 Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Outline ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Corrections .................................................................................................................................. 4 2 Version .................................................................................................................................................5 3 Configuration .......................................................................................................................................5 3.1 Mobile Interface Configuration .....................................................................................................5 3.2 Ethernet Interface Configuration ................................................................................................. 6 3.2.1 ETH 0 Configuration ................................................................................................................. 6 3.2.2 ETH 12 Logical Interface Configuration .................................................................................... -
Into the Reverie: Exploration of the Dream Market
Into the Reverie: Exploration of the Dream Market Theo Carr1, Jun Zhuang2, Dwight Sablan3, Emma LaRue4, Yubao Wu5, Mohammad Al Hasan2, and George Mohler2 1Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 2Department of Computer & Information Science, Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 3Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Guam, Guam 4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, AK 5Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Since the emergence of the Silk Road market in Onymous" in 2014, a worldwide action taken by law enforce- the early 2010s, dark web ‘cryptomarkets’ have proliferated and ment and judicial agencies aimed to put a kibosh on these offered people an online platform to buy and sell illicit drugs, illicit behaviors [5]. Law enforcement interventions such as relying on cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin for anonymous trans- actions. However, recent studies have highlighted the potential for Onymous, along with exit scams and hacks, have successfully de-anonymization of bitcoin transactions, bringing into question shut down numerous cryptomarkets, including AlphaBay, Silk the level of anonymity afforded by cryptomarkets. We examine a Road, Dream, and more recently, Wall Street [6]. Despite these set of over 100,000 product reviews from several cryptomarkets interruptions, new markets have continued to proliferate. The collected in 2018 and 2019 and conduct a comprehensive analysis authors of [7] note that there appears to be a consistent daily of the markets, including an examination of the distribution of drug sales and revenue among vendors, and a comparison demand of about $500,000 for illicit products on the dark web, of incidences of opioid sales to overdose deaths in a US city. -
Multiple Internet Connections by Balancing Traffic and Managing Failover with Zeroshell
Multiple Internet Connections by Balancing Traffic and Managing Failover With Zeroshell The purpose of this document is to describe the creation of a router to access a network that uses multiple Internet connections in order to balance the outgoing LAN demand and to obtain network access redundancy, managing fault situations for one or multiple lines. To reach our objective, we shall use the Net Balancer module by Zeroshell. Lastly, we shall examine the possibility of aggregation (Bonding) of VPN aimed at increasing the bandwidth for point-to-point connection between remote locations via the Internet. Is it really possible to increase the Internet connection bandwidth? The answer to this question is not, "yes, absolutely." It depends on what you mean by increasing the Internet connection bandwidth. In essence, the Net Balancer distributes requests originating from the LAN by round-robin (weighed) policy over multiple Internet gateways. In other words, if at a given point in time there is only one LAN user making only one TCP connection (e.g. he executes only one download from the web), his traffic will flow from a single gateway, thus it would not benefit from balanced connections. Instead, if the LAN is crowded with users, each executing multiple requests at the same time, as a whole, their connections will have access to a higher bandwidth, equal to the sum of the single-access bandwidths. We then conclude that a single connection may never have more bandwidth than what offered by a single link, while multiple simultaneous connections will, on average, altogether have access to a greater bandwidth, which will stretch to the sum of the bandwidths of all the Internet links being balanced. -
Tor and Circumvention: Lessons Learned
Tor and circumvention: Lessons learned Nick Mathewson The Tor Project https://torproject.org/ 1 What is Tor? Online anonymity 1) open source software, 2) network, 3) protocol Community of researchers, developers, users, and relay operators Funding from US DoD, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Voice of America, Google, NLnet, Human Rights Watch, NSF, US State Dept, SIDA, ... 2 The Tor Project, Inc. 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to the research and development of tools for online anonymity and privacy Not secretly evil. 3 Estimated ~250,000? daily Tor users 4 Anonymity in what sense? “Attacker can’t learn who is talking to whom.” Bob Alice Alice Anonymity network Bob Alice Bob 5 Threat model: what can the attacker do? Alice Anonymity network Bob watch Alice! watch (or be!) Bob! Control part of the network! 6 Anonymity isn't cryptography: Cryptography just protects contents. “Hi, Bob!” “Hi, Bob!” Alice <gibberish> attacker Bob 7 Anonymity isn't just wishful thinking... “You can't prove it was me!” “Promise you won't look!” “Promise you won't remember!” “Promise you won't tell!” “I didn't write my name on it!” “Isn't the Internet already anonymous?” 8 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. Anonymity “It's privacy!” Private citizens 9 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. Anonymity Businesses “It's network security!” “It's privacy!” Private citizens 10 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. “It's traffic-analysis resistance!” Governments Anonymity Businesses “It's network security!” “It's privacy!” Private citizens 11 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. -
DARK WEB INVESTIGATION GUIDE Contents 1
DARK WEB INVESTIGATION GUIDE Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Setting up Chrome for Dark Web Access 5 3. Setting up Virtual Machines for Dark Web Access 9 4. Starting Points for Tor Investigations 20 5. Technical Clues for De-Anonymizing Hidden Services 22 5.1 Censys.io SSL Certificates 23 5.2 Searching Shodan for Hidden Services 24 5.3 Checking an IP Address for Tor Usage 24 5.4 Additional Resources 25 6. Conclusion 26 2 Dark Web Investigation Guide 1 1. Introduction 3 Introduction 1 There is a lot of confusion about what the dark web is vs. the deep web. The dark web is part of the Internet that is not accessible through traditional means. It requires that you use a technology like Tor (The Onion Router) or I2P (Invisible Internet Project) in order to access websites, email or other services. The deep web is slightly different. The deep web is made of all the webpages or entire websites that have not been crawled by a search engine. This could be because they are hidden behind paywalls or require a username and password to access. We are going to be setting up access to the dark web with a focus on the Tor network. We are going to accomplish this in two different ways. The first way is to use the Tor Browser to get Google Chrome connected to the the Tor network. This is the less private and secure option, but it is the easiest to set up and use and is sufficient for accessing material on the dark web. -
Linksys E800 Router User Guide
User Guide Linksys E800 Linksys E800 Contents Contents Product overview How to find your network on the Internet 14 How to clone a MAC address 15 Package contents 1 How to connect to your corporate office using a VPN 15 Features 1 Back view 2 How to optimize your router for gaming and voice 16 Bottom view 2 How to remotely change your router settings 17 How to enable Voice over IP on your network 18 Setting Up: Basics How to configure UPnP 19 How to create a home network 3 How to use a router as an access point 19 What is a network? 3 How to put your new router behind an existing router 21 How to set up a home network 3 To add your router to an existing router or gateway 21 Where to find more help 3 To share an Internet connection 21 To extend your network 23 How to set up your router 3 How to start Cisco Connect 4 How to expose a device to the Internet 23 How to improve your wireless connection speed 5 How to test your Internet connection speed 5 Improving Security How to connect devices to your network 6 How do I know if my network is secure? 25 How to connect a computer to your network 6 How to connect a printer 8 Network security following a manual setup 25 How to connect other devices 8 How to set up wireless security using Wi-Fi Protected Setup 26 How to change your router’s name and password 10 Wi-Fi Protected Setup activity light 26 Connecting a device using the Wi-Fi Protected Setup button 26 How to connect a device using its Wi-Fi Protected Setup PIN 27 How to connect a device using the router’s Wi-Fi Protected Setup PIN 27