Climate Change Invasive Species Visitor Displacement Mexico, India INTERNATIONAL Journal of Wilderness
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Climate Change Invasive Species Visitor Displacement Mexico, India INTERNATIONAL Journal of Wilderness AUGUST 2009 VOLUME 15, NUMBER 2 FEATURES SCIENCE and RESEARCH EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES 23 Displacement in Wilderness Environments 3 Wilderness in a Word … or Two … or More A Comparative Analysis BY VANCE G. MARTIN BY JOHN G. PEDEN and RUDY M. SCHUSTER PERSPECTIVES FROM THE ALDO SOUL OF THE WILDERNESS LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RESEARCH 4 The Hidden Wildness of Mexico INSTITUTE 30 WILD9 and Wilderness Science BY JAIME ROJO BY GEORGE (SAM) FOSTER STEWARDSHIP EDUCATION and COMMUNICATION 7 The Nature of Climate Change 31 A Profile of Conservation International Reunite International Climate Change BY RUSSELL A. MITTERMEIER, CLAUDE Mitigation Efforts with Biodiversity GASCON, and THOMAS BROOKS Conservation and Wilderness Protection BY HARVEY LOCKE and BRENDAN MACKEY 14 Key Biodiversity Areas in Wilderness INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES BY AMY UPGREN, CURTIS BERNARD, ROB P. 35 Mountain Ungulates of the Trans-Himalayan CLAY, NAAMAL DE SILVA, MATTHEW N. Region of Ladakh, India FOSTER, ROGER JAMES, THAÍS KASECKER, BY TSEWANG NAMGAIL DAVID KNOX, ANABEL RIAL, LIZANNE ROXBURGH, RANDAL J. L. STOREY, and KRISTEN J. WILLIAMS WILDERNESS DIGEST 41 Announcements 18 Alien and Invasive Species in Riparian Plant Communities of the Allegheny River Islands Book Reviews Wilderness, Pennsylvania 45 Roadless Rules: The Struggle for the Last BY CHARLES E. WILLIAMS Wild Forests BY TOM TURNER 45 Yellowstone Wolves: A Chronicle of the Animal, the People, and the Politics BY CAT URBIGKIT Disclaimer On the Cover The Soul of the Wilderness column and all invited and featured articles in IJW, are a FRONT: Green parakeet flock (Aratinga holochlora) forum for controversial, inspiring, or especially at the Sotano de las Golondrinas cave, San Luis Potosi, informative articles to renew thinking and Mexico. Image courtesy of Jaime Rojo © —International dialogue among our readers. The views League of Conservation Photographers expressed in these articles are those of the INSET: Zapotec woman from the sustainable coffee authors. IJW neither endorses nor rejects cooperative in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico. them, but invites comments from our readers. Image courtesy of Jaime Rojo © —International League —John C. Hendee, IJW Editor-in-Chief of Conservation Photographers AUGUST 2009 • VOLUME 15, NUMBER 2 International Journal of Wilderness 1 International Journal of Wilderness The International Journal of Wilderness links wilderness professionals, scientists, educators, environmentalists, and interested citizens worldwide with a forum for reporting and discussing wilderness ideas and events; inspirational ideas; planning, management, and allocation strategies; education; and research and policy aspects of wilderness stewardship. EDITORIAL BOARD Perry Brown, University of Montana, Missoula, Mont., USA H. Ken Cordell, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Athens, Ga., USA Lisa Eidson, University of Montana, Missoula, Mont., USA Vance G. Martin, WILD Foundation, Boulder, Colo., USA Rebecca Oreskes, White Mountain National Forest, Gorham, N.H., USA John Shultis, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, B.C., Canada Alan Watson, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, Mont., USA EDITOR-IN-CHIEF John C. Hendee, Professor Emeritus, University of Idaho Wilderness Research Center, Moscow, Idaho, USA MANAGING EDITOR Chad P. Dawson, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y., USA ASSOCIATE EDITORS—INTERNATIONAL Gordon Cessford, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Andrew Muir, Wilderness Foundation Eastern Cape, South Africa; Ian Player, South Africa National Parks Board and The Wilderness Foundation, Howick, Natal, Republic of South Africa; Karen Ross, The Wilderness Foundation, Capetown, South Africa; Vicki A. M. Sahanatien, Fundy National Park, Alma, Canada; Won Sop Shin, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea; Anna-Liisa Sippola, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland; Franco Zunino, Associazione Italiana per la Wilderness, Murialdo, Italy. ASSOCIATE EDITORS—UNITED STATES Greg Aplet, The Wilderness Society, Denver, Colo.; David Cole, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, Mont.; John Daigle, University of Maine, Orono, Maine; Joseph Flood, East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C.; Greg Friese, Emergency Preparedness Systems LLC, Plover, Wisc.; Lewis Glenn, Outward Bound USA, Garrison, N.Y.; Gary Green, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga.; Glenn Haas, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.; William Hammit, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.; Dave Harmon, Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D.C.; Bill Hendricks, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Calif.; Christopher Jones, Utah Valley State College, Orem, Utah.; Greg Kroll, El Rito, N.M.; Ed Krumpe, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; Yu-Fai Leung, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.; Bob Manning, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.; Jeffrey Marion, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.; Leo McAvoy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; Christopher Monz, Utah State University, Logan, Utah; Connie Myers, Arthur Carhart Wilderness Training Center, Missoula, Mont.; Roderick Nash, University of California, Santa Barbara, Calif.; David Ostergren, Goshen College, Wolf Lake, In.; Kevin Proescholdt, Izaak Walton League, St. Paul, Minn.; Joe Roggenbuck, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.; Holmes Rolston III, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colo.; Keith Russell, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash.; Tod Schimelpfenig, National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, Wyo.; Rudy Schuster, USGS, Fort Collins, Colo.; Michael Tarrant, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga.; Elizabeth Thorndike, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.; Dave White, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. International Journal of Wilderness (IJW) publishes three issues per year Submissions: Contributions pertinent to wilderness worldwide are (April, August, and December). IJW is a not-for-profit publication. solicited, including articles on wilderness planning, management, and allocation strategies; wilderness education, including descriptions of key Manuscripts to: Chad P. Dawson, SUNY-ESF, 320 Bray Hall, One programs using wilderness for personal growth, therapy, and environ- Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. Telephone: (315) 470-6567. mental education; wilderness-related science and research from all Fax: (315) 470-6535. E-mail: [email protected]. disciplines addressing physical, biological, and social aspects of wilder- ness; and international perspectives describing wilderness worldwide. Business Management and Subscriptions: The WILD Articles, commentaries, letters to the editor, photos, book reviews, Foundation, 717 Poplar Ave., Boulder, CO 80304, USA. Telephone: announcements, and information for the wilderness digest are encour- (303) 442-8811. Fax: (303) 442-8877. E-mail: [email protected]. aged. A complete list of manuscript submission guidelines is available from the website: www.ijw.org. Subscription rates (per volume calendar year): Subscription costs are in U.S. dollars only—$35 for individuals and $55 for organiza- Artwork: Submission of artwork and photographs with captions are tions/libraries. Subscriptions from Canada and Mexico, add $12; outside encouraged. Photo credits will appear in a byline; artwork may be signed North America, add $24. Back issues are available for $15. by the author. All materials printed in the International Journal of Wilderness, copyright © Website: www.ijw.org. 2009 by the International Wilderness Leadership (WILD) Foundation. Individuals, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make Printed on recycled paper. fair use of material from the journal. ISSN # 1086-5519. SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute • Conservation International • National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) • Outward Bound™ • SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry • The WILD® Foundation • The Wilderness Society • University of Idaho • University of Montana, School of Forestry and Wilderness Institute • USDA Forest Service • USDI Bureau of Land Management • USDI Fish and Wildlife Service • USDI National Park Service • Wilderness Foundation (South Africa) • Wilderness Leadership School (South Africa) FEATURES EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVES Wilderness in a Word … or Two … or More BY VANCE G. MARTIN uring 30 years of negotiating, cajoling, persuading, experience, and contain biologically and otherwise verbally wrestling about wilderness important characteristics. Dwith people from more than 80 nations, I long Latin countries, despite sharing ago came to a basic operating reality—the word is important a similar root language, clearly are in so much as it gets the job done. What’s more important not bound by it. is the goal of protecting and sustaining wild nature. The “Old World” shows wide In many cases the word is extremely important, for variation … after all, it’s Europe! In example in those nations and jurisdictions that have a legal French, area sauvage rather speaks construct for the word wilderness (United States, Canada, for itself. In Romania, as Erika VANCE G. MARTIN in Mali. Photo courtesy of The South Africa, Australia, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, The Stanciu told us in the December WILD Foundation. Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, etc.) (Kormos 2008 IJW, the word is salbaticie, 2008). Further, in the context