Anza's Extraordinary 1774 Trip

·4 .....,,< .. ,,.. .• ':', . f"~~4 .'~ ~\~41\. m. - \.i.iJ~. . ', ' 'i---... ~>< . . Volume 1 Number .3 Juan Bautista de Anza National Historie Trall December 1992 Anza's Extraordinary 1774 Trip

Historical PerspecUvet The two expeditions by Juan BauUsta· de Anza ·to Alta Califomia were efforts of · tremendous pr:oportion. Although the · second trip in 1775-1776 carricd with it co/onlsts and livestock, the first expedition chronicled here was an adventure into the desetj unknown. It was.undertaken in J n4 to determine the feasibility of returning. with 240 .emigrants and almost 1,000 head of livestock. Watering spots anct pasturage, . so important to a desert crossing, were · carefully charted and contacls were t;sta.blished with lhe native trlbes along the route. So began an adventure to colonize whal was to become Califomia.

f'rom a painting by Lloy<;J J1artlng, printed wfth permission of tlle Copley L./brary. The painting depicts the 1775 campsite at San Sebastian that Anza named for · 5eba$tlan Tarabal.

Anza's t;xtraordinary 1774 Trip Presidio at Tubac, in what is now by Marck 0. Vaught. State Park Ranger southern Arizona. Under orders with permission of the Anza-6orrego In this lssue••• · Desert f'Jatura/ History AssociaUon. of the "viceroy of N·ew Spain, Condensed by Meredith ffi:1plan. Anza would lead an expedition · across the deserts of Sonora and Task Forc.e Work .m agine standing within Alta Californiå: Ultimately Anza .Begins · I the w~ll ~ of an adobe presidio, would shepherd 242 ~migrants. a fortress at the edge of "the on the first overland .coloriizing Arizona desert wilderness: Gazing· expedition into California. Notes from Heritage westward, your dream is to cross . Tråils· the unknown expanse to the The Anza Expedition was once great Pacific Ocean. lmagine , ·described as being a greater ·. Resu~ts from the doing this on horseback in 177 4 achievement than ttiat of Lewis - no four-wheel-drive ·vehicles, anp -Clark. According ·to the Ca~iforn_ia P lanning no freeze-dried food, no motels daim, tne Lewis and Clark Expe Meetings - only hundreds of miles of dition would campare to Anza's if desert, filled with,unknown · Lewis and Cl~rk had gone all the ."Cartas" -A·New adventures. · · way back to their beginning, Feature picked up 240 people and 1,000 Such a dream was held by a third head of liveStock, and retraced generation Spanish soldier, Juan the entire route to coJonize the Wanted!

Bautista de Anza, captain of the northwest, ' After mass on Sunday morning, Gregorio - later known as Notes from January 9, 1774, t~e expedition Bofrego Spring. ·ary force of thirty-fot,Jr soldiers led Q:eritage Tralls Do nf Hubbard by Anza lett the prot~ction of the The journey·continued through Presidio at Tubac heading south . Coyote Canyon and Nance (Note: This. to Altar, $onora. From Altar.they Canyon descending thro.ugh· column isa traced a route northwest through Bautista Canyon and on to San regular feature of the barren reaches of the Sonoran Gabriel Mission. Here Anza met Noticias de Anza) Desert. Water and pasturage Pedro Fages, whose tra~ks he had were scarce. They were assisted seen in the hardened mud of. in their crossing of the Colorado Cåyote Canyon. Ahza and four by Chief öf the Yumans, Salvador of his soldiers completed their ur new president, Bitt Palma, and his tribe. journey on to Monterey. Upon. Clinton can count on an their return t9 Sån Gabrie!, they 0 enthusiastic and growing constitu After the Yuma river crossing, the were accompanied by six of ency for the Juan Bautista de desert would become more Lieutenant Fag~s · soldiers for the Anza National Historie Trail! In difficult as the route traversed long t~ip back to Tubac, where sand dunes and headed north they arrived on May 26, 1774. the påst six wee.ks, Meredith Kaplan has forwarded me close to ~est into the lmperial and Anza had covered almost two 200 volunteer questionnaires" Borrego Va!leys. Five hundred thousand miles,.but he still had to · miles lay behind .the expedition by trave I to.Mexico City to report his .signed ~y eager trail advocates ready to work. · the time it reached the Borrego adventures to the Viceroy of New Desert and a marshy arroyo · Spain·, a journey of another three Over forty volunteers signed up which became camp. Anza thousand miles. · named the spring Sari Sebastian _at the September 15 meeting at De Anza College in Cupertin'o, after his lndi'an guide, Sebastian In Mexico City, plans were drawn California. The meeting was· neld Tarabal. up f9r Anza's Feturn to Alta at the California History center on California, this time in the com the campus of De Anza's nalT)e At the marsh of San Sebastian, pany of settlers and livestock. sake college, thanks to the . the group. heard tales of a group . Three babies. would be bom on enthusiastic support of Dr. Robert of horsemen who had passed the trip in 1775-76, and orie Smithwic;k, founding president of thmugh some two years before. woman would die in childbirth. the college district, ~n avid · Anza would discover later that The group would settle the horseman and history buff. A Don Pedro Fages, military gover Presidio of the village later known reception was sponsored by Heritage Trails Fund assisted by nor of Alta California, had trav as San Francis-co. They were the the generosity of Jeannie Ryder ot eled from Mission San Diego de first qverland emigrants to· settle , the Cupertino Historical Society. Altala in pursuit of deserters in in Alt.i Californi~ under the flag 1772. Fages had dropped into of New Spain. In later years, The standing room only audience the desert· via Oriflamme Canyon· Anzå's trail would serve the represented numerous hiking, and continued on to Cajon Pass military, settlers, .cattlemen,·and biking, equestrian groups and to reach the coast at Mission Sar:i desert travelers. Scout programs. Featured speak Luis Oblspo. er~ on the prog(am included More can be learned about the George Cardinet of Heritage From Sa-n Sebastian, the Anza interesting story of Juari Bautista Trails Fvnd, Joe Adamo (organizer Expedition· followed San Felipe de Anza at the Anza-Borrego of the 1976 Bicentennial De Anza Wash to the northwest. On the State Pa'rk Visiter Center or by Reenactment in Santa Clara . east side of Borrego Sink they set lacing up your boots and taking a .(ounty), and James C Williams, up camp at a small Indian village hike along the.Anza Trail - and executive Director of the Califomia situated next to ·a muddy seep. back into the colorful history of History Center who gave an inspiring Anza called the watering spot San California. -!. lesson on Juan Bautista de Anza.

N.otlcfas de Anza 2 Resalts from the meeting: Joe it happen, in the. place that he Adamo, Steve Haze, and Joan ca/led home, as Commander of Throgmorton are busy doing map the Presidio. Tfris time, a reenad . work for the Santa Clara County ment; this tirrie, a very short trek · section of the trail; Jodi Storaasli from th~ Mission at Tumacåcori has come up with some great ·National Historical Park to the video ideas to promote the trail; Presidio of Tubac, over the first and Dot ·sch'reiner, Car:ol Gottlieb, segment of completed histqric trail. and Kathy and Barrie Freeman · are lookirig into the poss.ibilities This trail e>dsts through the for De Anza Days in the tos generosity of-Roy Rossand the Altos, California area. Brasher family, who literally gave the right of way for the trail. · Nancy Dupont, president of HTF, and.an avip trail rider, repre Carmen. Nickel had invited me to sented HTF at the Anza Days join this glorious dedication and Festival at Tubac Presidio State shepherded my frien~, Joan Jacks Historical Park,. October 23-25. of San Rafael, California, and me The enthusiasm·she feels for a through a lively two days·of 1Bth project that is "f~r more than just century interpretive study and an Cannen Nickel. the "'nza Trail 11oiunteer a trail " comes through loud and coordinator fot Arizona. models the authentic good time. authentic costume she wore for lhe dear in her letter which follows: I 975-76 reenactment. We began our trek in the "The haunting strains of the wrapping my ·senses in the Alabado fil/ the warm morning Tumacåcori Mission, where David mystique of the ancient Moars. air. The sounds of nickering Shaul, dressed in a grey . horses and footsteps of many Franciscan robe, played 1Bth . We then walked part wayon the . people announce the beginning Century Spanish music on an trail, which is comp/etely signed of the trek, much like that of Juan original harp. The music lilted with the icon of a presidio soldier Bautista de Anza in 1775. In the softly a·s a cooing dove, then on horseback. The trail mea·n footsteps of the man who made ascended to the fire of flamenco, ders joyfully through Palo Verde Trees, crossing creeks and ravines on its four m71e trip tö Tubac . . The miles ·are logged on separate posts. .

We returned to the Mission to drive to the Presidio and the ceremonies to follow. At the .Mission, we met Hilda Alegria whose softly patting hands were creating the most wonderful tortillas which she toasted on a . metål plflte over an open fire, ·much as the Aztecs did for .hundreds pf years prior to the arrival-of the Spanish Conquista Pictured al the public meeUng in Cupertlno, Califomia, sponsored by lhe National Park Service and Heritage·Trails Fund, are lefl. to right, Merediih Kaplan, George dors. Only these were flour, not the Ca_rdlnet Doni Hubbard, a~d Joari Throgmotton. photo credit: Jodi Staraasli umaize" as cooked by the Aztecs. with Ea'rth thåt she .felt riding Results from the in co/orfut c~stumes: we jbined ho_rseback_across ·Stretches of her . • . • the gathering at Tubac Presidio, a . great State. C-al1f0 r n I a group .af 200 enthusiastic partid- : · . • prints. Richard Willia.ms, P~e~i- . When I came ta the speaker;s p l a n n I n ·g dent af the Anza Tryi.11 Coa/1t1on af ·_podium, t-looked out at more ·Mee.t ·i·. .DQS · Arizona, ha,d orga,mzed a dra- than .25 mdunted and unlformed matic decjica~ion fbllow~d_ by a · riders In formation, andpeasants T. ·å. inform people of the Cultural Festival. dressed in the colorfu{gqrb of the · trai! pJanning a,nd to under- The· importance af the day was 17op;s. I will ati.:ays r~rr:ember_ .. stand local opportunities.å.nd evidenced by the presen·ce of the peop/e at this Presidio; n~t. - _cancerns, beginning in S~ptem- Representative_Ed P_as.tor, Con- · · just dressedJn·costu,me b_ut ~ivmg ber, 1992; the NPS conducted gressman from Arizona, Ron the part. C.olon~I Juan B~ut1sta ~enty~three nieetings in twe.lve M orriss, Coi.mty Supervisor, and de Anza gave his speech m California .counties: Riverside, . the owners of the property, Roy . Spanish_and in English. · / am sure S~nt.a Clara: San Luis Obispo, Ross and the Brasher family. · I · The tra(/'dedi(åtion· began with- a Monterey, Venturå; Los Ange es, blast .of the Presidio ·canon, San Benito, Santa Barbara, ·san . signaling the arrival of the De · Diego, lmperial, Alamedå, and Anta· troops and the mounted Centra Costa. units; . Richa.rd Williams wel~ comed theparticip~nts. · Over 350 people attended these · meetings. offeririg infor.mat.ion, Carmen Nickel, Arizona 's lively enthusiasm, and valuable infor HTF representative for the)uan. mation .. Following is a brref Bautista de Anza National His- ._ summary··of goals, opportu toric· Trail, spoke of her reenact-· som~ Anza (Dön bårate) presents his So/dados . ·nities and COncems noted in these ment experience in 1975 as a de Cuero at the dedlca~ion " ceremony. . . . California" meetings. "/ife-altering experience." Th~ experience continues and drives , that Anza 's spirit lives in the' soul . her to reach the ultimate goal of af Don ·Garate for he portrays the .C-oals a c9mpleted trail to the Arfzon_al part Fourageou~ly. · Broaq goals· for the m~nagemen~ California botder, and then all the of the juan Bautista de Anza · . way to San Francisco, _so ihat her I ca.fne ..home from· this w~eke.nd National Historie Trail 'fl/(fre . children 's generation can fee/ the expe·rience a believer in· ·.the . ·. exp.ressed.-··rliese goals, which passion for ·rea/ity of the Anza . grea.t open spaces, and C!neness follow1 will be added to or Historie Trail in Ari:ZOna. · I am refined dudrig the development impressed with how inuch they of the plan: ha ve done and how willing their · volunteers are to do more. I am a ·• · Mark the historie.mute be/iever in the need for historie whether it is a måjc;>r highway, _tiails - to unite a people, to ·road, or trail. · preserve ow past, to serve a + -- Make it possible to ride on· nat~on of peop/e,hungering fora rewa,rding experience of connect horseback the entire tr'ail, ing with their roats, of discovedng + · Pre.serve the surroundings of . the trail route. . ·and underst~nding other.peop/e's ~ultures, of conse"rving wilcflife . ~· + Develop a balance petween ·preserving what is there and · and to provid~ the hors~Da.ck 'rider with the chance to saddle up providing ·access. . · Don Oarate.as Anza and David Shaul as + . lnterpret Spanish ~olonial . father Font discuss trail plans in frorit of . . ror a great ådventure! . - Sincerely, Tumacåcori Mission after David's harp redtf31. Nancy Dupont'-!. · · history connected with the Anz_a expedition broadly, including the identifies the Juan Bautista de + The Ventura County Transpor descendants of the expedition. Ar:iza -National Historie· Trail by tation Commission will work to . • lnterpret the story of the name -on its county trails plan. align _and implement the Anza indigenous peoples along the Currently,· it is proposed as an Trail within that County. route from their perspective, auto tour route with future including the names of their trails potential for ·a bicycle route. A · Existing 111terpretive Trails as much as possible .. strong ~ision was expressed in the publlc meetings for a wal~ i ng and So.me· trails exiSt which interpret Criteria equestrian trail that would paral the Anza expedition and may · lel the historie route. become components of the Criteria expressed for defining a + During itS grand op~ning national trail. retracement route, which may be cele~ration ih October, the parallel to the historie route but lmperial County Historical Society • Several miles of trail are noted not on it, are the following: Pioneer Museum featured a in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park • The experience the trail pro display on Jua0 Bautista de Anza brochures. · vides. called "The Father of. California's + An interpretive "walk in the • The views tbe traii provides of Future." The Museum would like footsteps of Anza" from Moun the historie route and of a histori to provide a permanent. ·interpre tain Lake to Fort Point in the cally similar landscape .. tive display on Anza. Presidio of San Francisco is offered by the National Park · Service. ·· Opportunities Plann~d Recognition + The. Delta-De Anz~ Trail in Existing Recognition + The San Francisco Bay Trail Centra Costa County contains an Project Board of Directors passed interpretive overlook. Many sites in California already a resolution to supp

5 NoUc/as de·Anza aged by the San Bernardino, District of tne U.S. Forest S~rvice. • Trails within the San Jacinto · Wildlife Area·manage·d by the California Department ·of Fish and . Our artic/e, "1'o de or not to·de, • created more Ll1an one respanse. In tl1is issue, Game. we feature tlte following letter from Roberl: Franco, a native.ifipeaker of Spanish, bom in Mex.ico and i;ducated in Mexico, Spain, and the Uriited States. He is a · , + The Schabarum Traif and the linguist and a professor of Spanish language and' cultuie, hav ing taught for years Rio Ho.ndq River Trail in eastern -- ·· at. the Anny Language Schoql Jii Monteiey. Los Angeles Cownty. . · + The proposed LA River Trail "Alth9ugh·your advisors from·Afizona and the'editorial statt of and the Elysian Park Trail be your publicatio.n appear to be openly:partial to the plain Anza twee.n El Pueblo, Elysian and choice, given·the title of your paper"and t~e u_nilateral omission of "de" some forty times in itS eight pages, ... [my opinio'n] is that · I Griffith Parks in the City of-L.os Angeles. · · the. emission of the preposition. "de" should have never been cqnsidered and should nöt be permitted for tlie following reasons: · • Trails proposed by the LA !n Spanis_h, .... the preposition "·de" primarily_ origin or Transpbrtation Corrimission ~enotes possession, and once it has been included in a fa_mily name, it , Greenways Program which uses becomes ari integral part of the patronymic, permanent and hadi rar! rights-of-vyay to lirik historie. tional; not subject to the likes and dislikes of people outside the sites, parks, and schoöls. · family. It is true that the· rnotives for the adoption of "de" r'nay be .+ The Los Robles Trail, ·~ joint different and yaried, and perhaps open to debate, but the offici.al · project. of ~he Conejo Qpen nan:ie should be respected. · · Space Agency,· th.e City of Thou sand Oaks, and the Santa Monica My family name is Fr:anco, but there are "d.e Fra·nco". families. Mountains Conservancy. There·is a "Vega" anda "de Vega," as. in .Lope de Vega, and even -+ The proposed California "de la Vega." Some choos~ to iriclude the Spanish definite article : . Coastal Trail within Santa Barba~a · in combinåtior:i with the preposition, as in "del Castillo," o.r "de la County. _Bodega." It is tbeir business!_ · · · · -t Trail opportunities within Fbrt Ord, made possible by the . Every official documeht that I have read in which Juan'. Bautista's conversion from military u.se. last name is given, it is clearly written "de Anza."· He sign~d his name "de Anza," not "Anza" alone. The se are the facts! + .Existing- and proposed open· 1 space corridors within the. City of In conclusion; it would appear- improper and Illegal for me, or Mr: Salinås whk~ 'provide links from Garate, or the editors of your publication to chahge ar)yone's fort Ord to-San Juan Grade .family name; and ~specially not that ·of the important historical 1 Road: figt:1re we are honoring with the dedication of an irl)portant na + Old Stage Road in San Benito tional historie trail, the Juan Bautista de Anza.National Historie County, which is closed to vehicu Trail. LEAVE DE ANZA ALON'E!" f . lar traffic. + Portions of the Bay Trail and In t/Je· next· issue we will.print a response from Don_Oa:rate. Bay Area Ridge Tr~ il in the Bay , Area, which include$ the counties issues, trail funding, environmen landowners wanted assur0:nce of Santa c.lara, San Mateo, S~n tal protection., and the lo'go. tha~ trail marking and an'y bro .Francisco, Alameda, and Cont_ra chu res. and ·public i_nform.åtion. Costa. · . Private Propero/ Issues would not·uninte1:1tionally ~nvite + Fifteen miles of tråil i.n Henry . the pi.Jblic ohto their land. Some Coe State Park in Santa Clara The chief issue for landowners i.s large landowne·rs, under pressure . , Gounty. the llabilitY they might irrcur if . to provide publi!= access to their they allow publie access over their land, ·seem ihterested in providing land. In· addition, they are wor- · · Concerns limited access with permits or ried ·about. users straying off the · ·docent-led tours. ~once.rns expressed at the m~et trail and damaging the n~tural ings focused on privat~ pro'perty · environment or their property. (ConUn.ued ån båck pagej s we develop the Draft Comprehensive Management Plan, we need county contacts to express A your interest and involvement. Below are listed the chief volunteer contact(s) for each county along the route. Get in touch witli these people whatever your interest - history, ~ulture, trails, promotion - t!J get you involved in prepariog the plan. · ·

ARIZONA ...... •...... •...... Carmen Nickel (602) 297-7114 (Overall volunteer coordinator for the state.) YUMA ...... Gwen Robinson (602) 329-0471 work CALIFORNIA ...... •...... •...... Doni Hubbard (415) 948-4118 · · · (Overall volunteer coordinator for-the state.) ALAMEDA ...... Geoff.rey Carter (51 0) 568-5812 . Alice Quinn.(510) 447-0749 . CONTRA COSTA ...... Stuar:t and. Mary Christopherson (510) 634-4888 LOS ANGELES ...... Linda Palmer, President Santa Monica Mountains Trail Council (818) 222-4531 MONTEREY COUNTY ...... Helen Shropshire, Califo.rnia Heritage Guides (408)373-6454 - 1 SAN BENno COUNTY ...... Joån Throgmorton (408) 636-5337 SAN DIEGO COUNTY .. ~ ...... Kelly Jor:genson '(619) 767-3662 I! SAN FRANCISCO ...... Milo Scbmidt (415) 621-5339 I i SAN JOAQUIN ...... '...... Sheila Candell (209) 835-8733 I SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY ...... Myra Qq·uglas (805) 466-8061 . i I I i• _ Patty Hawes (805) 929-5592 i I ·I SANTA BARBARA COUNTY ...... Vie Obern (805) 682-3175 I 'i SANTA CLARA COUNTY...... Joe Adamo (408) 252-6065 j: I: Stephen Haze (408) 737-5261 Work i Joan Throgmorton (408) 542-5570 . . . Heritage Trålls Fund (HTF) is trying to identifv key contacts in lmpeöal, Riverside, and San Mateo counties. lf you are interested in being-a HT~ contact for.your county, please call Doni Hubbard (see above). ·

Task Force Work -Begins

ith t~ public scoping phase .nearly completed, the next step in tf:ie management plan W process is pr-eparing the Draft Plan. Volunteer Task Forces within each county will com plete the mapping of the-historic and recreational routes, identify possible interpretive sites and themes, and identify cultural,. historical, and naturai resources within the trail corridor. This worl< will be completed by the end of March, 1993. ·

The NPS will provide background .informatiori to each Ta5k Force including USGS maps, copies of Font's journal for the county, prints of the conceptt.Jal maps used at the ~ublic meetings, and other pertinent information.

The T~k Forces will be .comprised of those people who filled out lnter~ Surveys at the public meetings or otherwise have shown interest lf you could not attend the public meeting, but would like to participate on aTask Force, writeortelephone Donf Hubbard or Meredith"Kaplan.4-

7 NoUcias de Anza (Californfa Heetings, continued) Linda Palmer, Phyllis Jones, Kit Wanted! Otber Issues Williams, and David Palma in Los Angeles County; Ed 'Piper, H_elen nza-Borrego State Park + The lack of funds for trail . Shropshire, and Rich Brandau in . would 'like donations of Monterey County; Bill Jennings, A devel~pment, maintenance; and reenå.ctment ·eostumes to be management is a liniiting factor: Dave Felix, Helen Miller, and Jeff Weinstein in Riverside County; use·d in a living history pro + The potential impact on Rob Mendiola in San ·senito gram. Perhaps you have wildlif~ migration .routes requires County; )udy Myer with the · ·Outgröwn your costume or careful location of the · Borrego Sim jn San Diego would like to find a good retracement trail. County; Tim Gallågher and eete home for it. lf you have a · + The official logo for the trail Jenny in San Luis Obispo Cou_nty; costume which the park could should somehow reflect the Bob Emert in San Mateo County;· use,· please write or call Dave settlers and not only apresidi _al Vie Obem, Rich Rojas, and · Van Cleve, Superintendent, soldier. Claude Garciacelay in ·Santa Barbara Cou'nty; 'Ron Blakemore . Anza-Borre go Desert State Thank-you! and Teresa Lubin in Ventura Park, P.O. Box 299, Borrego County. See the HTF article for Springs, CA 92004-0299. These California meetings could Santa qara County helpers ..!. . Telephone: (619) ·767-5311. -!. not possibly have been held without the help of the following people: Steve Fiala and Bob Bouska in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties; Jesse Soriano and R~ndy Rister in lmperial Co~nty;-

NoTICiAS DE ANzA Bulk Rate The Newsletter of the Juan Bautista Third.Class Mail' de Anza NaUonal Historie Trail Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of the lnterior National Park Service . . G-83 Westem Regional Office Division of Planning, Grants & Environmental Quality 600 Harri.son St., Suite 600 . San Francisco, ·cA 94107-1372 (Attention: Meredith Kaplan)

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. De!Ngn ~ Layout Geoe Aeming, lnfonnation Managefllelll . Anna Sayre, Grants @ Printed on recyc/ed paper

N9tlcias de Anza