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People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: the Evidence from Egypt
People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: The Evidence from Egypt KYLE HARPER The papyri of Roman Egypt provide some of the most important quantifiable data from a first-millennium economy. This paper builds a new dataset of wheat prices, land prices, rents, and wages over the entire period of Roman control in Egypt. Movements in both nominal and real prices over these centuries suggest periods of intensive and extensive economic growth as well as contraction. Across a timeframe that covers several severe mortality shocks, demographic changes appear to be an important, but by no means the only, force behind changes in factor prices. his article creates and analyzes a time series of wheat and factor Tprices for Egypt from AD 1 to the Muslim conquest, ~AD 641. From the time the territory was annexed by Octavian in 30 BCE until it was permanently taken around AD 641, Egypt was an important part of the Roman Empire. Famously, it supplied grain for the populations of Rome and later Constantinople, but more broadly it was integrated into the culture, society, and economy of the Roman Mediterranean. While every province of the sprawling Roman Empire was distinctive, recent work stresses that Egypt was not peculiar (Bagnall 1993; Rathbone 2007). Neither its Pharaonic legacy, nor the geography of the Nile valley, make it unrepresentative of the Roman world. In one crucial sense, however, Roman Egypt is truly unique: the rich- ness of its surviving documentation. Because of the valley’s arid climate, tens of thousands of papyri, covering the entire spectrum of public and private documents, survive from the Roman period (Bagnall 2009). -
Waters of Rome Journal
TIBER RIVER BRIDGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME Rabun Taylor [email protected] Introduction arly Rome is usually interpreted as a little ring of hilltop urban area, but also the everyday and long-term movements of E strongholds surrounding the valley that is today the Forum. populations. Much of the subsequent commentary is founded But Rome has also been, from the very beginnings, a riverside upon published research, both by myself and by others.2 community. No one doubts that the Tiber River introduced a Functionally, the bridges in Rome over the Tiber were commercial and strategic dimension to life in Rome: towns on of four types. A very few — perhaps only one permanent bridge navigable rivers, especially if they are near the river’s mouth, — were private or quasi-private, and served the purposes of enjoy obvious advantages. But access to and control of river their owners as well as the public. ThePons Agrippae, discussed traffic is only one aspect of riparian power and responsibility. below, may fall into this category; we are even told of a case in This was not just a river town; it presided over the junction of the late Republic in which a special bridge was built across the a river and a highway. Adding to its importance is the fact that Tiber in order to provide access to the Transtiberine tomb of the river was a political and military boundary between Etruria the deceased during the funeral.3 The second type (Pons Fabri- and Latium, two cultural domains, which in early times were cius, Pons Cestius, Pons Neronianus, Pons Aelius, Pons Aure- often at war. -
Ba-English.Pdf
CLARION UNIVERSITY DEGREE: B.A. English College of Arts & Sciences REVISED CHECKSHEET with NEW INQ PLACEMENT Name Transfer: * Clarion ID ** Entrance Date CUP: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Program Entry Date _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Advisor _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ *************************************************************************************************************************************** GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS - 48 CREDITS V. REQUIREMENT for the B.A. DEGREE (see note #1 on back of sheet) Foreign Language competency or coursework1: CR. GR. I. LIBERAL EDUCATION SKILLS - 12 CREDITS CR. GR. : A. English Composition (3 credits) : ENGL 111: College Writing II ____ ____ : : B. Mathematics Requirement (3 credits) : VI. REQUIREMENTS IN MAJOR (42 CREDITS) 1. CORE REQUIREMENTS (15 credits) C. Credits to total 12 in Category I, selected from at least two of the following: Academic Enrichment, MMAJ 140 or 340, ENGL 199: Introduction to English Studies ____ ____ Computer Information Science, CSD 465, Elementary Foreign ENGL 202: Reading & Writing: _______________ ____ ____ Language, English Composition, HON 128, INQ 100, Logic, ENGL 282: Intro to the English Language ____ ____ & Mathematics ENGL 303: Focus Studies: ___________________ ____ ____ ENGL 404: Advanced English Studies ____ ____ 2. BREADTH OF KNOWLEDGE2 (12 credits) : II. LIBERAL KNOWLEDGE - 27 CREDITS Two 200-level writing courses A. Physical & Biological Science (9 credits) selected from at least two of the following: Biology, Chemistry, Earth Sci., ENVR275, ENGL ____: ______________________________ ____ ____ GS411, HON230, Mathematics, Phys. Sci., & Physics. ENGL ____: ______________________________ ____ ____ : : Two 200-level literature courses : ENGL ____: ______________________________ ____ ____ B. Social & Behavioral Science (9 credits) selected from at least two ENGL ____: ______________________________ ____ ____ of the following: Anthropology, CSD125, CSD 257, Economics, Geography, GS 140, History, HON240, NURS320, Pol. -
Varipos 250S+270S 20191115
Smart Dual Hinged design for the ultimate flexibility 250 S / 270S Features Flexibility meets demand with Hidden Cable Management - dual hinged stand allowing extreme tilt Keeping Everything Organized Easy adjustment providing a solid platform allowing extremely The Dual Hinge Stand provides hidden cable management flexible height and angle adjustment. The stand can be folded flat channels to organize & reduce clutter when connecting or adjusted to any view angle providing maximum comfort and power & accessory cables; the cables are concealed within optimal efficiency to the POS Operation. the stand and covered with a securing plate maintaining the aesthetic look. Powerful and Flexible VariIO I/O Box Connectivity - The Ideal Simplified Installation and Serviceability Retail-Ready Solution Simplified Installation and Serviceability is designed into the VariPOS 250S / 270S providing quick and easy service for routine VariPOS250S / 270S can be combined with the dedicated VariIO I/O maintenance schedules significantly reducing engineer onsite visit Box offering the standard I/O connections plus Point of Sale specific time. VariIO I/O Box connected by a single custom high speed connections for Powered POS peripherals. The Extendable I/O USB Type C connector can easily be disconnected leaving the I/O capability meets multiple project specification with simple onboard and peripherals in place panel I/O, advanced VariIO I/O Box functionality & basic I/O box compatibility. Detailed features Ultra-flexible Dual-hinge Design for Compact & Stylish Systems Intel 6th Generation Celeron i3, i5 high-end processors in a fanless structure True flat 15” 4:3 LCD, 400 nits / 17’’ 5:4 LCD, 400 nits (LED backlight) with IP66 protection. -
Dell Vostro 270S Owner's Manual
Dell Vostro 270s Owner’s Manual Regulatory Model: D06S Regulatory Type: D06S001 Notes, Cautions, and Warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. © 2012 Dell Inc. Trademarks used in this text: Dell™, the DELL logo, Dell Precision™, Precision ON™,ExpressCharge™, Latitude™, Latitude ON™, OptiPlex™, Vostro™, and Wi-Fi Catcher™ are trademarks of Dell Inc. Intel®, Pentium®, Xeon®, Core™, Atom™, Centrino®, and Celeron® are registered trademarks or trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. AMD® is a registered trademark and AMD Opteron™, AMD Phenom™, AMD Sempron™, AMD Athlon™, ATI Radeon™, and ATI FirePro™ are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Microsoft®, Windows®, MS-DOS®, Windows Vista®, the Windows Vista start button, and Office Outlook® are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Blu-ray Disc™ is a trademark owned by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) and licensed for use on discs and players. The Bluetooth® word mark is a registered trademark and owned by the Bluetooth® SIG, Inc. and any use of such mark by Dell Inc. is under license. Wi-Fi® is a registered trademark of Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance, Inc. 2012 - 10 Rev. A00 Contents Notes, Cautions, and Warnings...................................................................................................2 -
Tanco Autowrap 580S/580A Model 1999 Operators Handbook and Parts List Wd66-580S/580A-Mo199 Guarantee
TANCO AUTOWRAP 580S/580A MODEL 1999 OPERATORS HANDBOOK AND PARTS LIST WD66-580S/580A-MO199 GUARANTEE Subject as hereunder provided, the Sellers undertake to correct either by repair or at their election by replacement any defect of material or workmanship which occurs in any ofits goods within twelve months after delivery ofsuch goods to first user, with the exception ofcontractors or commerical users when warranty period is six months. In respect of Autowraps the warranty period is for 12 months or 8000 bales, whichever occurs first. In respect of Aerways, tine breakage will be assessed on an individual basis in every case. The term goods when used in this document means the article or articles described in Invoice as sold by the Sellers but does not include equipment or proprietary parts or accessories not manufactured by the Sellers. The Sellers, however, undertake to pass on so far as they legally can to the first user the benefit ofany warranty given to the Sellers by the suppliers ofsuch equipment, parts or accessories. This understanding shall not apply to:- (a) Any goods which have been sold by the first user. (b) Any goods which have been injured by unfair wear and tear, neglect or improper use. (c) Any goods the identification marks ofwhich have been altered or removed. (d) Any goods which have not received the basic normal maintenance such as tightening ofbolts, nuts, tines, hose connections and fittings and normal lubrication with the recommended lubricant. (e) The use ofany product on tractors exceeding the recommended horsepower. (f) Any goods which have been altered or repaired other than on instruction or with the written approval of the Seller or to which any part not manufactured or having written approval by the Sellers have been fixed. -
Measuring the Power of the Roman Empire
26 Potter Chapter 2 Measuring the Power of the Roman Empire David Potter By the age of Cicero – the point at which they began to recognize the fact that they controlled a territorial empire and could raise revenue from it – the Ro- mans were accustomed to measure their power with criteria taken over whole- sale from Greek theory. In the De Legibus, Cicero says simply that senators ought to know the state of the army, the treasury, the allies, friends and tribu- taries of Rome and the nature of the attachment of each to Rome. For Cicero this is what it was to “know the State.”1 In these terms power is a function of income and manpower. Such a measurement, which, as we shall see, would have a long history going forward, was even then being amply employed by Gaius Caesar in his Gallic Wars, and had a long prior history in Greek thought. Caesar famously illustrated the power of the various Gallic and German tribes he subdued or encountered by telling his readers how many of them there were or had been. Good of the Helvetians to have produced a census docu- ment (in Greek no less) attesting to the fact that there were 368,000 of them at the beginning of their migration. There were now a mere 110,000 going home. The Suebi, the most powerful of the Germans were said (a nice concession on Caesar’s part) to have controlled one hundred districts which each furnished 1000 men to fight each year – since the same warriors only fought every other year, this meant that there were at least 200,000 of them, and there were nearly 250,000 Gauls who came to the relief of Vercingetorix (including men from tribes such as the Nervii that Caesar claimed to have annihilated in recent years).2 A conception of state power as a function of demography and money would have been familiar to any Roman aristocrat who knew (as any Roman aristo- crat would have) the works of fifth-century Greek historians. -
270-271 Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry And
Chapter 3: 270/271 Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response 270/271 Eligibility Inquiry/Response Overview ...................................................................................................................................1 Connectivity Transmission Options ......................................................................................1 System Availability ..................................................................................................................2 BlueCard and Federal Employee (FEP) Inquiries ................................................................. 2 Eligibility Inquiry Processing ................................................................................................. 2 Frequency of Data Exchange ................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 2 Batch Data Retention ............................................................................................................... 3 Batch Handling ......................................................................................................................... 3 Error Reporting ......................................................................................................................... 3 AAA Responses ...................................................................................................................... -
Merovingian Queens: Status, Religion, and Regency
Merovingian Queens: Status, Religion, and Regency Jackie Nowakowski Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Jo Ann Moran Cruz Honors Program Chair: Professor Alison Games May 4, 2020 Nowakowski 1 Table of Contents: Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………..2 Map, Genealogical Chart, Glossary……………………………………………………………3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………7 Chapter 1: The Makings of a Merovingian Queen: Slave, Concubine, or Princess………..18 Chapter 2: Religious Authority of Queens: Intercessors and Saints………………………..35 Chapter 3: Queens as Regents: Scheming Stepmothers and Murdering Mothers-in-law....58 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………....80 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………….83 Nowakowski 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Moran Cruz for all her guidance and advice; you have helped me become a better scholar and writer. I also want to thank Professor Games for your constant enthusiasm and for creating a respectful and fun atmosphere for our seminar. Your guidance over these past two semesters have been invaluable. I am also so grateful for my classmates, who always gave me honest and constructive feedback; I have enjoyed seeing where your projects take you. Most of all, I would like to thank my family and friends for listening to me talk nonstop about a random, crazy, dysfunctional family from the sixth century. I am incredibly thankful for my parents, sister, and friends for their constant support. Thank you mom for listening to a podcast on the Merovingians so you could better understand what I am studying. You have always inspired me to work hard and I probably wouldn’t have written a thesis without you as my inspiration. I also want to thank my dad, who always supported my studies and pretended to know more about a topic than he actually did. -
The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright. -
Presidential Address 2014 Coin Hoards and Hoarding in Britain
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 2014 COIN HOARDS AND HOARDING IN BRITAIN (3): RADIATE HOARDS ROGER BLAND Introduction IN my first presidential address I gave an overview of hoarding in Britain from the Bronze Age through to recent times,1 while last year I spoke about hoards from the end of Roman Britain.2 This arises from a research project (‘Crisis or continuity? Hoards and hoarding in Iron Age and Roman Britain’) funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and based at the British Museum and the University of Leicester. The project now includes the whole of the Iron Age and Roman periods from around 120 BC to the early fifth century. For the Iron Age we have relied on de Jersey’s corpus of 340 Iron Age coin hoards and we are grateful to him for giving us access to his data in advance of publica- tion.3 For the Roman period, our starting point has been Anne Robertson’s Inventory of Romano-British Coin Hoards (RBCH),4 which includes details of 2,007 hoards, including dis- coveries made down to about 1990. To that Eleanor Ghey has added new discoveries and also trawled other data sources such as Guest and Wells’s corpus of Roman coin finds from Wales,5 David Shotter’s catalogues of Roman coin finds from the North West,6 Penhallurick’s corpus of Cornish coin finds,7 Historic Environment Records and the National Monuments Record. She has added a further 1,045 Roman hoards, taking the total to 3,052, but this is not the final total. -
How Access to Plant & Animal Books Affects Participation in Conservation Activities
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln Summer 5-26-2015 How Access to Plant & Animal Books Affects Participation in Conservation Activities Dustin Ingram Miami University, [email protected] Hassnaa Ingram Miami University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Library and Information Science Commons, and the Zoology Commons Ingram, Dustin and Ingram, Hassnaa, "How Access to Plant & Animal Books Affects Participation in Conservation Activities" (2015). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1261. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1261 Running Head: ACCESS TO BOOKS AFFECTS CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 1 How Access to Plant & Animal Books Affects Participation in Conservation Activities Dustin Ingram (Corresponding Author) Email: [email protected] Hassnaa Ingram Email: [email protected] Miami University Project Dragonfly 501 East High Street Oxford, OH 45056 ACCESS TO BOOKS AFFECTS CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 2 Abstract Public libraries are an important resource for communities. Access to plant and animal books impacts a communities’ ability to learn about their environment. In this study, the number of plant and animal books available to people through local libraries in northern Kentucky, and neighboring counties in Ohio and Indiana were counted and a survey assessing one’s preferences and likeliness to participate in conservation activities was distributed to local residents. Based on the collected data, a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) was found between access to plant and animal books available at local libraries and the likelihood of people to participate in conservation activities.