HOW ORGANIZED CRIME TAKES OVER BUSINESS THE lOQT" BIRTHDAY OF NIKOLAI LENIN THE ADVENTURE OF THE MAYFLOWER PILGRIMS A day any Pacific Theater Finished in gleaming nickel, the Colt .45 Colt's edition of the American veteran will remember forever. How he features palm leaves engraved on Heritage Picture History of World and his buddies won it the hard way. the slide, and an engraved list of War II—-a 640-page, illustrated Inch by inch. Beach by beach. historic actions in the Pacific. chronicle of the war.

It was a proud victory and each man Grips are of exotic Brazilian Rosewood. The entire package is available performed his individual bit of heroism. This collector's item comes pacl

APRIL 1970

I'olumc 8S, Number l LEGION CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept.. P. O. Box 1954. Indianapolis, Ind.. 46206 using Post Oificc Form 3578. Attacli old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP* Code Magazine number and current membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Ad j u taut.

The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 1345 Avenue of the Americas Contents for April 1970 New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin WHY CAN'T PEOPLE GET HOMES? 6 Art Editor Al Marsliall BY L.A. KNIGHT. JR. Assistant to Publisher A look at the situation that is making decent housing unavailable Joim \ndreola to almost anyone hut the well-to-do and Executive Editor government dependents. Mario V. Luluano Associate Editors Miller _ Roy James S. 5\\ ariz THE lOOTH BIRTHDAY OF NIKOLAI LENIN 10 Assistant Art Editor Walter H. Boil BY ALBERT L. WEEKS Production Mauufier World Communism celebrates its founder's 100th birthday on Art Bret/field April 22. Here's a closer look at Lenin than Copy Editor those in Communist lands are Grail S. Hanford

allowed to see. Circulation Mana tier Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind.

Advertising Sales HOW ORGANIZED CRIME TAKES OVER BUSINESS 14 Robert Redden Associates, Inc. Ill West 57th Street BY DONALD SINGLETON New York, N.Y. 10019 A round-up of the methods used by the "mob" to milk private 212-246-25-16 business of its assets, and some of the warning signs of The American Legion impending Mafia takeover of a business. Publications Commission:

I James E. Po\ver>. Mainn, (^a. ( Chan lunii :

Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol . Conn. ( l ice

Chairman); James K. Kellcy. Radnor . Pa.

(National Commander's Representative ) : Lang IS GOVERNMENT ELECTRONIC Armstrong. Spokane, Jf^ash,; Charles E. Booth, Huntington, U'. Va.; Raymond Fields, Guy- SURVEILLANCE NECESSARY? 20 mon, Okla.; Milford A. Forrester, Greenville, TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION S.C.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah. Ga.i Myli

The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway. Louisville, COVER: DRAWING BY HOWARD MUNCE Ky. 40201 by The American Legion. Copyrighl 1970 by The American Legion. Second-class

postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : singb-

copy. 20 cents ; yearly subscription, S2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- Departments culation Department of The .American Legion, P.O. Box 1951, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206,

Editorial and advertising offices: 1345 Avenu'- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 38 of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by The American Legion with DATELINE WASHINGTON 5 PERSONAL 54 National Headquarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. J. Milton Patrick, National Commander. VETERANS NEWSLETTER 27 LEGION SHOPPER 55

NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 29 PARTING SHOTS 58 NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP num- ber, with $2 check or money order to: Circulation Dept., P. O. B^x 1951. Indian- IVianuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, apolis, Ind. 46206. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 4620(>

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Letters published do not necessarily ex- there a dark side of the moon? Does the press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must earth rise and set on the moon? be furnished. Expressions of opinion and J. C. French requests for personal services are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or New Orleans, La. answered, due to lack of magazine staff for these purposes. Requests for personal serv- ices which may be legitimately asked of There is no dark side of the moon. It The American Legion should be made to your Post Service Officer or your state keeps one face to the earth, but the sun (Department) American Legion Hq. Send shines as much on one side as on the letters to the editor to: Letters, The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Avenue of other. The earth never rises or sets on tlie Americas, New Yorlc, N.Y. 10019. the moon. At any point on the near side, the earth hangs always in one part of the sky. The earth is never seen from NEWS MEDIA ANALYZED the far side. sir: Your article on the news media is excellent. It crystallizes, succinctly, the CONGLOMERATES EXPLAINED various phases of news reporting, and SIR: In her article, "The New Giants of points directly to the methods used the Business World" (February) , author which are subject to examination by the Christina Kirk has done a masterful job media which has a prime obUgation to of opening up the complex world of con- the U.S. public. glomerates for the layman. following items seem to be par- The James F. Holmes emphasis ticularly important: Too much Portland, Ore. on the sordid and violent; too little on what's good; encouragement of pubUc THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE disorders by giving them publicity that's sir: Every magazine today seems to be enjoyable to its organizers; promotion concerned with articles sex, inflation, of superficial values and giving prom- on drugs, riots, obscenity and mvu-der. inence to the grotesque, and knocking What a terrific change of pace to read virtues. Thank you for the article. "How They Built the Brooklyn Bridge" in the Cyrus S. Kauffman Washington, D.C. March issue. Thanks to you and author Lynwood Mark Rhodes for the most in- teresting story that I have read in a long, sir: Your article in the March issue, long time. "An Analysis of the News Media," is ex- V. Wm. Coolman cellent and very timely. Congratulations. Zionsville, Ind. Herbert C. Pfremmer Lake Crystal, Minn. VIETNAM AND U.S. ARMY PLANNING sir: What a contrast in the vision of sir: I hope many readers took several our military establishment, as evidenced minutes out to examine the detail in Carl in Harvey Ardman's article, "How Viet- Rose's cartoon on pages 6 cind 7 of your nam Tested U.S. Army Planning" (Feb- March issue, illustrating "An Analysis ruary), and the vision of our political of the News Media." The closer you look establishment in Vietnam. Undoubtedly, at this drawing the fimnier it is. And too, the vision of the military has less- the sadder. What's sad is that we recog- ened our casualties. One cannot but nize it as the world of TV news, and it wonder who was responsible for the illustrates the appalling and predictable political policy, which recalls the debacle sameness of it that comes at us like a in the second phase of the Korean War. broken record. What's funny is that Mr. Tom B. Watkins Rose has pulled the scoop of the century Fredonia, N.Y. by giving us tomorrow's, next month's and next year's news in a few precious HILL little inklines. SAN JUAN sir: In article, Chsirge San I. L. Schwartz your "The Up Chicago, III. Juan Hill" (February), you state that Gen. Joseph Wheeler was known as "Fighting Joe." I always believed that sir: Your penetrating article about some Gen. Joe Hooker was the man known of the weaknesses of the news media as "Fighting Joe." dealt chiefly with bias and shallow re- Clarence F. Miller porting in public affairs and lopsided Buffalo, N.Y. views of our society. But there's some- thing less mischievous in some of our "Fighting reporting that bothers me jxist as much. Both men were known as in That is the parroting of falsehoods out Joe." Each man received the name of sheer ignorance uncorrected. For in- the Civil War. stance, for several years I have read so- called scientific comment in the press sir: Congratulations on your article that referred to "the dark side of the "The Charge Up San Juan Hill" (Feb- moon." And late in 1969 a beautiful photo ruary). Early in 1969, I did considerable of the earth, seen from the moon, was research for a short maniiscript for the widely pubUshed, nearly always with use of the President's staff at the White the caption "earthrise on the moon." Is {Continued on page 4)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 — — .

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 3 CONTINUED come very close to complying with the 12 able to form an organization of profes- standards set out by the U.S. Dept. of sional police officers quite large enough LETTERS Labor. In standard number four, which to handle their own negotiations. In TO THE EDITOR refers to occupational disease, you cited fact, the Washington State legislature Wisconsin and Rhode Island as having has passed a law which provides for a laws that do not mention specific dis- state mediator and this course of action House on the history surrounding Fred- eases, but included all disabilities. North is now being used by many police groups eric Remington's painting of "The Dakota should have been included with in this state. Charge." Therefore, I possibly know these two states. North Dakota should Oren R. Cline more about the events leading up to that also be included along with the five states Puyallup Police Dept. that that Puyallup, Wash. historic "Charge" of July 1, 1898, than have compensation automati- the average reader. Further, as one who cally changes with the average weekly has done some research, and some wage. AUTHORS ASK AID J. es. I writing, I know a good piece of research Wallace Dockter, P sir: For research on a book am pre- North Dakota paring on U.S. Military shoulder sleeve when I see it. So far as I have discovered, AFL-CIO insignia, I like to yours is the first article which has Bismarck, N.D. WW2 vintage, would brought the "Charge" into total perspec- hear from any former member of the following organizations: 12th Aimy tive and it obviously resulted from close EYE-CATCHING Group: 1st Allied Airborne Army; 22nd- study and thorough research. sir: I wish you would stop encroaching 36th Corps; 92nd Infantry Division; all Atwood Manley on my time. Your February issue had Canton. N.Y. Cavalry Divisions and Air Forces; Mos- five articles which caught my eye. I cow Mission; all major theatres and com- started reading. I had to wave my sec- mands. THE POLITICAL SCENE: PRO & CON retary away twice. I plowed straight Wilson F. Sellner sir: Your monthly feature. Pro & Con. through. Each article was as well written 930 Western Hills Blvd. which presents the views of Congress- and provocative as anything in the top- Cheyenne, Wyo. 82001 men on a topical issue, results in a fine drawer commercial magazines. job of keeping Americans aware of what Dr. L. W. Sledge SIR: For research on a book in progress, is happening on the political scene. Keep Santa Monica, Calif. I would like to hear from any NCO Bat- up the good work. tle of the Bulge vets. Purpose is to seek D. Kerr Matthew POLICE UNIONS answers on a questionnaire eliciting the Franklin. N.J. sir; In your January "Dateline Wash- soldiers' feelings on various aspects of ington," you refer to the nation's police the battle. JOB INJURY BENEFITS showing increasing interest in forming J. Lynch SIR: Your January article, "Do You their own national union. I definitely op- East Midlands Universities OTC Know Your Job Injury Benefits?" was pose such a move, either by the AFL- TAVR Centre, Broadgate very interesting and informative. North CIO or any other trade union. Each Beeston, Nottingham NG9 2HF Dakota Workmen's Compensation Laws state probably could and should be Great Britain

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4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 Dateline Washington., ENVIRONMENT AMENDMENT? A HEADSTART FOR CHILDREN GOVERNMENT SNOOPING

Next only to the Vietnam war, the most dent . The subcommittee supports the Secret heatedly debated topic in Washington is the Service' s aims, but it fears the move quality of American life . Even as Presi- creates a p otential threat against the

dent Nixon is calling for a vast , l ong- citizen' s right to privacy. term outlay to battle p ollution. Sen. Subcommittee Chairman Sen. Sam J. Gaylord Nelson has proposed that Congress Ervin, Jr. has alerted the Administration insert an "Environmental Bill of Rights" —and the public —about the latest Secret into the Constitution as an amendment. Service questionnaire asking, among other "Every person has the inalienable right data, information on citizens who seek to a decent environment. The United redress of imaginary grievances. He feels States and every State shall guarantee that this tactic is another instance of this right." mass surveillance. . . . He would increase the quality of this The legislator sees an ominous threat new right over the current decade through in the proliferating use of information phased elimination of the internal combus- processing machines by the federal govern-

tion engine for autos ; installation of ment, and the potential abuse and harass- smokeless combusters in jet airplane en- ment of citizens "by overzealous computer- gines, and rigid controls over pesti- ized data-collecting programs of over- cides, detergents and non-returnable con- curious administrators." Senator Ervin tainers. wants Congress to set up an independent regulatory agency to control prying by government ^ small blo c of GOP Re presentatives , con- computer. cerned that the federal government has too many programs doing too little for under- PEOPLE AND QUOTES privilege d children, has initiated a drive FAILURE PAYS OFF GOOD NEWS for a Comprehensive Headstart Children "I believe that one of the "As self-respect and self-re- Development Act. characteristics of the human liance increase among the na- The legislation would consolidate under race—possibly the one that is tions of Asia, respect for Amer- one funding authority the 61 major primarily responsible for its ica will continue to rise." Vice course of evolution—is that it President Agnew. federal child care and development pro- has grown by creatively re- grams currently in operation. The act sponding to failure. Dr. Glenn CITIES FOR RENTERS

T. Seaborg, . would aim to provide educational opportu- chairman, Atomic "At the rate we are going . . nities and other developmental aid for Energy Commission. urban areas will become cities of renters . . . cities of apart- children of poor families, children of SPEAK SOFTLY ment houses. If we keep going, working mothers and who soon we will no longer be a na- adolescents become "The strength of our country expectant mothers. tion of homeowners." Baltimore is there; so when you're . . . Mayor Thomas J. D'Alesandro. Sponsors of the bill assert their move speaking for the strongest na- v/ould seek to overcome weaknesses in the tion in the world, the most POOR CREDIT powerful nation, the richest na- present spread of U.S. activities by means "The failure of private enter- tion . . . you can do it in a lower prise to meet the legitimate of trained personnel, increased facili- tone of voice." William P. credit needs of the poor is be- ties, research, coordination and by in- Rogers, Sec'y of State. coming a stain upon the Ameri- volving the private sector. They estimate 3 can conscience." Sen. William million linderprivileged pre-school chil- CRIME BUSTING Proxmire. dren and 12 million of "If we are able to keep the children working CHINESE PUZZLE mothers need help. public support and the budget- ary support that we have now "The Chinese communists at and if we don't have some na- this moment show no predict- The Senate Subcommittee on Constitu- tional emergency to divert at- ability as to the future direc- tional Rights is worried over the latest tention, we can break the tion of their policies, internal ." rackets and we will break and external. . . effort the U. S. Secret Service to pre- Japanese them." Asst. Att'y Gen. Will R. Minister for Foreign Affairs vent assassination attempts on the Presi- Wilson. Kiichi Aichi.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . APRIL 1970 5 —

opnient (HUD) or wherever else they might hope for a sympathetic ear. Says a Burlington, Iowa, veteran. Why Can't People "After saving for years to accumulate the down payment for a home of our own we now find the G.I. loan, that we

have been counting on for so long, is in Get Homes? truth not really available." He mirrors a larger army of ex-servicemen, their G.I. entitlement in hand, who are being turned away by banks, savings and loan look at terrible A our haushig mess which institutions and mortgage companies; or, who can only find housing and loan terms that are far beyond their means particularly causes the young to suffer. and beyond any previous price scale and mortgage terms in our history. "No real estate company or bank will By L. A. KM(;H 1, Jr. eran couples who could once find houses even discuss a G.I. loan with me." a under FHA mortgages are only slightly Pontiac. Mich., veteran wrote to George UNiThu States is in the grip better off. thanks to their somewhat bet- Romney, former governor of Michigan THEof the worst housing shortage since ter foothold in the economy by virtue and now head of HUD. WW2. a shortage that hits young of their not having been away on Uncle A Lynchburg, Va., schoolteacher couples, and especially young veterans, Sam's affairs. asked the White House: "What good is hardest. Veterans of recent military service are my G.I. loan if I can't use it? What am

The door is now all but closed to the writing letters about their plight to the I and other veterans who can't afford young veteran and his wife trying to buy White House. Congressional offices, the a civilian mortgage going to do?'" a decent home under the VA's veterans Veterans Administration (VA). the De- A young .Southington. Conn., house- housing loan program. Young non-vet- partment of Housing and Urban Devel- wife, whose husband had just been sepa-

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APR! L 1970 "

r."-T ljji_r!L^,-rin"°-""^'^"°'- money. who's got the stale " « encourage e money, maxthat m P"v=teniivate tntcrprise. lll-""'^ J , „,ll,e •' downs >' *' . ups and local governmengovernmenis. greater Money, . .„,hal the -.i-tatr^^Ji."-^""-"^'™ Chirlei E. Dole ciled By in our cilie.' «d»o'o( the o s 'Cri8i. Real f stole doesn't he with presi- declared i„o„e, Romney , Science Monitor 5 continuing, Mr f;'';^^^^'"^'"n Starts The ChrLlioti AssoclaUon 0. Boston S't1f:^Bu°S?s I ih.nk we enterprise S stimulate"''f', ''SeP that Will >'\,„„ ^, Hehitthenailrightontheheaa^^, "^SaSKSe^f.hehoj^^^-l^^^lj;«no the crisis the builder v :r?n^r^ar;5^Tmee.ing the the little man, °' U„,„r.unalely n^'^*»fi„,„ew 200 houses a y";. ol the "mu. 5 ,0 maybe driven Into one ESTATE house. secretary ot Hous- REAL tt^e"or'lo:r"^^l^;r.^oVlhaps.oo says re- "are in \i l "^"''s ^•'''f „ hTn D;vSment. he's the Much i„g and the coun- Mr. Scimone, g'"m,g of V. ?! „ealest crisis ""Acco'rding'to not „eel the housing the Lr.s. standpoint .s hurling. TaTs .rom Vhe "seal one who is So.rcountr'yrega'rdlesso.wha, govemmenl role? and brokers Iron, Bigger »e Recession "trwhi'ch builders some people, maybe -Am'"- Well suggest tne a «« to coast add, ,n "^'?^'^il^-'°^--^''-|change m p - coast „e!d'VorfgovernmentinvoWemen great , 5,, light money. Reason-, president ol brokers Blaketav Jr n.uifiers and Gerald W. bcilising- say nO- rr''''^Je''b^g-"'>=^"'"«- Fol , some • » Cabot 1 ) wnueni "™w lielp Cabot, chanie., so I, v„ ,„ ^ Kei ^ lal.==^ LT,';!-"".o'^r';.^''''.'ot' Greater Boston ; lacing the FINANCE "we're WgrK , in n I've ever seen Amerlra/,1 an i it scratching slalcment. adds. "And I've heart thin say the same LENDERS SAY: need NO RELIEF ^^^^ Houaing ing is nee not b< NEAR 's FOR HOUSE To do HUNTERS re Squeeze il the I suntm" Mnrtfrgf teport Verved last Savings and loan officials eompetWo,, for m„,„^ ^j^,, nave bad most ^ feTS.S^i'5str.S Would-BeHomeBuyers it tun news for people try. hectic i„ memory mnatioii. ing In New Englam) So 1 don't e,pcct £d rS^°;ed tow«- to get money for and in California. much helo homes. partiouUrly, FaceGrowingDifficulty the outHow of f„„ds fnm AdmLlr', Mortgage funds, they samgs account, Z!^' " home - - . • —"fj M/,say hasnas beenBeen heaheavy. ™cWevinl "decent — ' The president 'T. willH be twhtt«hf To cover """'*^w»'s. of a oig assodalka. for a longkino timeh™. yet.„^ 'He associations Mc,.. V ""J™;^"'" " ^'S for Loans h,J; ST *°*/«>- "ys. . .-"'""'U'r.o^ Arranging "These guys In H«. long? Some F J. a. thirt. ft will i^'n ""^ be ^1^^ Z SJ^,. ^C^T rtv- i-i"e.s%hi, ti„;; 1971 or even later ^"'"^gome to give m very before £1' """"h^""»"' »o Mtaoiinon *idol. so,m and Interest "^^h* And.And in myT „pmmr,. Paymente financing will ""^ Some they're dead right Down be easy agam „T;L"."j 1 3 bilhon ofAatdebtisinCalifomiaalone. "anagers^Mr Rates Rise; Lenders Find CouXf ""l"""" •tf«k.th°« to build m buv a budgetOUQ' by"y la«", home in huzher 1 .. ilvide the .,eait. fa*e< Swing It "™ ""^ it mortgage Vn°", Sergeant Can't Arthur to r ; ' A H.Courshoii. Iheoulgoin, " .1"^ answets gloom- & » ily,n!. -i-j M Tom ^°AUis5ippi»" d say ,t will be < ^'-'^^if-SneaiKl diainSan' two ur three cheerful leap" years. W «f^e Joe""- V. A W*ix 8Twr , f«'<™l '..spt^^rzmonth'jf, .„cu,„es wm salh. Savins, .no "! w.iuM mUae-lncome bora, 'xwerl;*"'* ?« ered here L^^l^^r"^"" ...... never have believedueiievea Tl» October 12 to 16 " ?eaks thingsthing"""a tor lo«. to* forThe an f»l^, could get f™ I A . to th. cominl «~nbl. -a "invention '«»"e flnandng the .N'.Hona! "^'^ ""^ "*«<'> "l*. he Z '.r,-- . and Jlgiil iZ, l>"il

.S. says the Wotcesler e«- !';?.'-!'.'.">. „„„h^--"'1^"'»'lga|!e^2'*"'"' money to "> «"get new h,»n« m.« .,. , - provcmeiit rp«« much'^L'i';'^ ""."S)- hom< ^">' Officials uncing i„ Koerair „, I next befOM ^the FederalF EIT 5 spring. Reserve System ' ""'Pt'^ hv TOa»t.t«hrolOT.»dpeoi*.«hOH>to» "ade think tWv . f 'he 1» u big mislalce 1„ .*'''"'"«'fi"l-i« 5B that. TLor m.)or dtl.. m"-* were not aheml eas,„r..p on mllH,.,, "^ "id (TioS. to or !,) lat- est Co ,1 I! M' Administ" lerraneni (igi,,.. '?\he a reported „;^',,e.ndpne mei» W«r 1969 has ben, the back fZ asstK'iHtiotIV tZ tiiiifiiiiiiiig |„ tj, l»imc fi, l-cS-'rllSSer me.«in^: ' ittitj kiimtt luciug. Mortgage problems alone today deny decent housing to millions of young couples and many who are older.

rated from service, told her Congress- "I have spent my time in Vietnam Because most older people with rea- man: "Every bank we go to we are fighting Communism. Now I'll have to sonably good incomes already have turned down. What is the government fight inflation on the home front. I hap- homes, the housing crisis falls most heav- coming to?" pen to be one of those people that has ily on the young. And not just the very A former Army sergeant now living suddenly found out that the house that young. A 32-year-old Chicago executive in Buffalo, N.Y., wrote: "I have gone I was about to buy is now out of my price who thinks he's off to a good start in to five banks and one mortgage company range." earnings for his age says he can't buy

and only one of the banks says it will In large numbers, Vietnam vets and a suburban Chicago home. Average price

make a G.I. loan. But this particular other young people are living in too- is $32,000. "I could pay that off, all bank has set its standards so high my small apartments, in single rooms or dou- right," he says, "but the down payment loan application never reached the VA bling up with friends or relatives. Some is $10,000 and I haven't $10,000 lying for approval." find an occasional rare buy in old hous- around loose." In many areas, new An Edison, N.J., veteran was about ing—perhaps miles from where they rentals are almost impossible, too. The to close a purchase arrangement for a work—often because there's something bidding for the little that's available runs new home when the Veterans Adminis- the matter with it. Many are moving it out of reach of any but those who al-

tration raised the permissible interest on into mobile homes, and we'll say more ready have it made in life. a G.I. loan from 71/2 to 8V2 % on Jan. 25. about that later. The three main causes of the housing Since this would add another $20 a To get decent housing it helps if you mess are: (1) inflation with its high month to his mortgage note he found he have well-to-do or influential parents, or prices, (2) "tight money"—which is not could not go through with the purchase. if you inherit a house or a wad of money, the same thing as inflation and (3) a se- He wrote the President: or start adult life with large earnings. rious shortage of conventional housing. "I guess the only way to get ahead in We've been hearing about bad housing They are all related, and each rests on this present condition is to go on welfare. for the poor all along. Today, those with layers of other causes and effects that I know of a few people on welfare now good earnings who are willing to pay chase each others' tails around a series who live a lot better than we do. Why more than is reasonable, and to pledge a of circles. is this?" disproportionate part of their future ( 1 ) Inflation simply puts the asking A California veteran directed this ap- earnings, find it ever harder to buy or price on living space—for sale or rent peal to the White House: rent decent shelter. —beyond what many can afford to pay. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 7 CONTINUED Why Can't People Get Homes?

It wouldn't do that if income and hous- thority. For instance, the Federal Re- ing were inflated equally. But housing serve first cut the strings that let interest is inflated way beyond income. Thirty- rates soar, and neither Mr. Romney nor five years ago, good, new suburban hous- the President can tell the Federal Re-

ing cost about 2V2 to 3 times the annual serve what to do. It is an independent tai^e-home of a couple starting out in agency subject only to acts of Congress. life with normally good prospects. To- Romney seems to be saying that grass- day, good, new suburban housing doesn't roots heat is all that can budge the hous- exist in any meaningful amount. Good, ing monster. He has said quite frankly old suburban housing often runs from that those who holler loudest and longest 4 to 7 times the annual take-home of a get the most attention. In fact, he seems similar couple. to have been asking frustrated home (2) "Tight money" is a shift of seekers to start a wave of reasoned pro- available lending money away from test now, before their pent-up frustration mortgages to other things. It is not a simply explodes. shortage of money, but a diversion of He has to be right, if this is what he's it, as far as housing is concerned. getting at. You can't raise new genera- Tight money makes mortgages un- tions of working people in a free country available to many people who are will- and give them explanations instead of ing to pay the inflated home prices. The shelter they're willing to pay for. They lender refuses to lend. For others, it do this in Russia. Here, the whole situa- lards a mortgage with skyrocketing in- tion is going to: terest rates and "extra" charges as the ( 1 ) Be remedied along some tradi- price of getting one at all. This hap- tional lines soon, or: pens twice on new housing. The builders (2) Blow sky-high in some sort of are socked with high interest and "ex- tras" for the money they borrow to build with, which they then add to the price of the home. Then the customer pays high rates when he finances his purchase. To spread the scant amount of mort- gage money that lenders have, or are willing to put into mortgages, bigger down payments (smaller mortgages) are required, and quicker pay-back is de- manded (meaning larger monthly pay- ments). The total finance costs, over the years, on some houses now being mort- gaged come to far more than the cost of the houses. (3) Tile shortage of homes flows from all of the above, and from more. Builders who are dying to build are not building middle class houses. Their po- tential customers are priced out of the market, simply can't get mortgages or can't meet the larger down payments George Romney, head of HUD, sits on now demanded. top of the housing shortage, but finds answers that are hardly adequate. The shortage of new housing and its great cost where available have set unmanageable "confrontation," or; frantic home seekers outbidding one an- (3) Swiftly popularize housing con- other for existing older homes. Again, cepts that do an end run around tradi- Gone are days when projects like one above sprang the more affluent win out. Some houses tional building and/ or lending—to leave protest, its victims have suffered in rela- in desirable areas that sold in the new them back with the horse as intolerable tive silence. But that can't continue. I920's for are going $3,000 for $20,000 obstacles to the realization of basic hu- Thousands of servicemen are returning and more today in antiquated, run- — man needs, or; to civihan life every month. Americans down condition. Houses that were (4) Respond to some combination of who are steadily improving their in- thought to be inflated in 1946 at $13,000 these possibilities. comes are eyeing new homes. Negroes, sell for as as much $25,000 and $30,000 The housing mess is embittering many given better employment opportunities, after 24 years of occupancy. people who till now have had little pa- are breaking out of inner-city ghettos HUD Secretary George Romney has tience with attacks on "The Establish- and looking toward suburban living. The been issuing forthright warnings about ment" over phony, misstated or con- number of young Americans getting the explosiveness of the situation for trived issues. The housing mess is not married has almost doubled in the past some time. He sits at the top of a heap phony. It is understated. If it continues ten years and the population continues of authority that doesn't seem to be able until we have 3 million or so more Viet- to grow by leaps and bounds. But the to cope with the mess. Small wonder. nam veterans back homeless, maybe number of new houses for which ground

The interlocking causes of the mess go more people will see it for what it is. is broken is running about 1.3 million, far beyond the scope of any housing au- Far from being a contrived issue for far below the estimated needs for the

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRI L 1970 New York's metropolitan area it's almost the savings business, too. but also in a joke to expect to have a respectable checking accounts, etc. They move in new home built for as little as $40,000. and out of mortgages, since they are And the way to get a substantial mort- also active in personal loans, auto loans, gage on such property is to sign up for loans to industry and business, etc. Mort- lending terms that raise the total to $70.- gages are only attractive to them when 000, $80,000 or $90,000 before it's all they can't farm out enough loans at paid off. higher interest rates and shorter terms Why is mortgage money scarce and elsewhere. costly? Many reasons have been pub- During the whole decade of the lished, but there are far more. One tra- I960's, industry and business were ex- ditional source of mortgage money has panding at a rate faster than they could always been savings and loan institu- m.anage on pay-as-you-grow. Profits and tions, which may only invest in real es- expectations were so high they were will- tate. But the amounts deposited with ing to borrow huge sums and pay fancier them by savers have fallen far below interest rates to banks than home buyers the needs of home-buying borrowers. could pay, or than was legally allowed Here are three things that have steered for mortgage loans in most states. deposits away from savings banks: A couple of years ago the Federal Re-

) Ever ( 1 growing taxes, state, federal serve felt that ail this commercial ac- and local—income, sales, gasoline, etc. tivity on borrowed money was forcing Whatever is paid out in taxes by a house- inflation upward too fast. The Federal holder is money he might have saved, Reserve suddenly raised the rate of in- but can't. Governments, which claim terest it charges member banks when it ever higher taxes, do many things with pumps money into them. The Fed's act the money. Lending it to home-buyers is not only forced the banks to raise rates an unnoticeably small fraction of the to their customers, but gave higher in- take. terest rates the moral sanction of an

BLACK STAR

ip. Middle class home-building is paralyzed. Untold thousands are moving into mobile homes. The dreary "trailer camp" like I970's projected by the Johnson Admin- that shown above is a creature of local ordinances. More beautiful mobile home settle- istration in 1968. ments, at extremely low owner-cost, now spring up where local rules permit them. Purchasers can get the equivalent of a This number is misleading in two op- $20,000 house for $6,300, furnished posite ways. First, mobile homes, which (2) Speculation in the stock market, oflFicially sponsored inflation brake. The are booming, aren't counted in the gov- and in other sorts of investments, using Fed thought that higher interest would ernment figures as new units started. the sort of funds that people used to check borrowing, thus check too-rapid Second, a higher-than-normal percen- save. business expansion, thus cool off infla- tage of the new houses that are started (3) So-called affluent living. It is a tion. are either public projects for the poor or fact that people who used to save are That isn't what happened. Business tailored for those to whom cost is sec- more interested in buying to the hilt. borrowers willingly paid the higher rates. ondary. Builders, many of whom are The enormous rise of credit buying re- Their loan demands did not slacken. In- counted among the embittered, are either flects how much people are going into terest went up again, and still the com- closing shop or only building for those hock for purchases, instead of saving. mercial borrowers paid it and cried for who can pay well. In Houston, for in- Then we have the commercial banks, more. Seeing this, the leading banks stance, most new homes are selling for those that you usually call "banks" in- raised the rates more, without any goos- between $35,000 and $40,000, while in stead of "savings banks." They are in {Continuecl on page 40)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • Appn. 1970 —

The lOO*" Birthday of Nikolai Lenin

A look at the man for whom the world's Reds are preparing

global celebrations to commemorate the centennial of his birth.

A PRiL 22, 1970, is a red-letter day for By ALBERT L. WEEKS and veneration of Lenin. Moscow radio / \ Communists all over the world. and TV are broadcasting such programs jL\. It is the 100th birthday of the Friedrich Engels and Lenin. Although as "Chronology of the Life and Work of founder of modern Communism the Communists profess atheism and Lenin," "Music the Ulyanov Family

Nikolai Lenin. condemn religion, there is nothing snide Listened To," "The Importance of V. I. Lenin's real name was Vladimir Ilyich about likening their own regime to a Lenin's Book, 'Materialism and Empirio- Ulyanov. He used many others, but to religion. Criticism,' in the Struggle Against Con- history he is Nikolai Lenin, born April The Lenin anniversary slogans ema- temporary Bourgeois Philosophy and 22, 1870, in Simbirsk on the Volga River. nating from Russia are full of religious Sociology." Movie theaters across the

His central claim to fame is as the symbolism. Some of these are: "Lenin is U.S.S.R. and abroad are showing such creator and leader of the small Bolshevik eternal," "Lenin is life itself" and "The Lenin films as "Mother's Heart, Mother's Party which took over the Russian Rev- Leader is the greatest genius of all time." Devotion" (a glamorization of Lenin's olution, cementing its power in Novem- The Russian Orthodox Easter falls on stormy and unhappy boyhood), "The ber, 1917. A spontaneous uprising by April 26 this year, four days after Lenin's Living Lenin," "Lenin in Poland," others had overthrown the Tsar's govern- birthday, and the Soviet propaganda bu- "Lenin in October," "Lenin in 1918," ". ment eight months earlier, while Lenin reau, Agitprop, has referred to the birth- "Stories about Lenin," and . . Man was in Switzerland; and Alexander Ke- day as a "rebirth," a phrase with strong with a Gun." Hundreds of thousands of rensky, a mild socialist, became the tem- connotations of a resurrection. You fre- rubles have been spent to set up porary leader. quently see such expressions in the Soviet "Leniniana" exhibitions; to publish To the Communists, whose Russian press these days as "We vow to Thee, oh Lenin's writings in 150 languages; to leaders have succeeded to the power dear Ilyich," "Lenin bequeathed to us his sponsor tours to Lenin shrines inside and structure set up by Lenin in 1917, Lenin sacred commandments" or the "sacred outside Russia; to fly teams of speech- Siberian villages, as is a saint, the holiest of the trinity of word of our dear Ilyich." makers to remote well as to thickly populated areas; and Communist deities consisting of the The Kremlin is pulling out all the to ship "Leniniana kits" consist- German Karl Marx, Marx's colleague stops for its worldwide commemoration abroad ing of "study materials" destined for ALL PHOTOS—SOVFOTO such remote places as Surinam, Zanzibar, Chad, Malta and San Marino, as well as large countries like the United States, West Germany, France, Britain and India. The tiny eastern Siberian village of Shushenskoye has had its face lifted, and

is decked out in banners and huge Lenin

posters. It is a big tourist attraction in

spite of the climate. Shushenskoye is the place where Lenin spent three years in serene exile, from 1897 to 1900. Today's visitors to the site are guided to the places where Lenin slept, took his meals, wrote pamphlets and letters (which were mailed back west), hunted and fished, skied and ice-skated, wrote a long book on capitalism in Tsarist Russia, and mar- ried Nadezhda Krupskaya, his homely, lifelong "Girl Friday." Siberian exile in the days of the Tsar wasn't so bad if you Russians line up in Moscow's Red Square to enter Lenin's Tomb. Pic took grand prize in international photo exhibition marking 100th birth anniversary of Lenin. were a well-known prisoner like Lenin. 10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 cates of violent revolution in the twen- tieth century." The U.S. spokesman

asked if they are the kind of accomplish- ments to which UNESCO wishes to lend its name. Lenin was a "compulsive revolution- ary," writes Dr. Stefan Possony, the RAND Corporation Soviet expert, in his 1964 biography of Lenin. He was also a compulsive writer. He wrote no fewer than 100 million words during his 54- year lifetime, or about the same as Vol- taire had produced by the time he was 84. The works of Lenin, according to Pravdci (Dec. 28, 1969), have gone through 10,096 printings running to 348 million copies. When one reads through a large share of Lenin's writings, he is struck by the contrast between what Lenin had to say before the Revolution and what he said

after 1917. There is Lenin the promiser in the pre-revolutionary pamphlets and Lenin the dictator in the post-revolu- tionary decrees and secret letters to the Politburo. Just before the Bolshevik seizure of power on Nov. 7, 1917, Lenin promised to deliver the Russian people from Tsarist tyranny and give them "peace, land, and bread." Once in power he founded the oppressive "dictatorship of the workers and peasants," the Cheka or secret police, the Revolutionary Tri- bunals (imitated later in Castro's Cuba), concentration camps, the four-year civil war, the cult of the modern dictator and the international Communist revolu- tionary apparatus. All of these deeds were accomplished by Lenin in the short space of six years, from 1917 until 1924 when he died, presumably of a stroke. Part of that time he was laid low by a bullet from a female would-be assassin. The toll in lives stemming from those six Lenin years was staggering: * Civil War in Russia (1917- 1921) 3,000,000 War against Finland (1918) 50,000 War against the Baltic States (1918-1919) 110,000 War against Poland (1920) 600,000 Nikolai Lenin (Vladimir llyich Ulyanov) War against Georgia (1921- 1922) 20,000 years " will be Two ago the Soviet Union asked Education.' A sum of $5,000 Red Terror (1917-1923) .... 2,290,000 the United Nations to join in the cele- allocated toward the Lenin Symposium, Starvation (1921-1922) 6,000,000 bration. In October 1969 to be held in Tampere, Finland, from UNESCO 12,070,000 agreed to sponsor the observance of the April 6-10, 1970. The United States, Faced with the contradictions between Lenin centenary after the Soviets insisted which cast one of the 7 dissenting votes, the pre- and the post-revolutionary that its participation in Mahatma protested against the symposium through Lenins, today's Party is fabricating a Gandhi's centenary (October 2, 1969) an official spokesman. "[Lenin's] great- third Lenin, in the shape of a saint. It is was a precedent for joining in Lenin's in ness." he said, "was of the sort that puts at the Lenin tomb in Red Square that the 1970. The Soviet-backed resolution him in the historical company of Bis- present-day Politburo ritualizes its legiti- passed UNESCO by 48 to 7, with 21 marck or Napoleon, not of Gandhi or mate succession down from Lenin. abstentions and 47 members reporting Buddha or Marx . . . Like Napoleon, But the Lenin religion has its heretics. themselves "absent." As finally ap- Lenin came to power promising freedom Whispers of bitter criticism of Lenin and proved, the resolution calls on and became instead the innovator in Leninism can be heard today within the UNESCO to "initiate certain activities what might be called the technology of Communist world. Some of it started to to commemorate the centenary of the the police state; just as Napoleon be- birth of V. L Lenin, including ... a sym- came the patron saint of military strate- * statistics courtesy of Prof. Ivan A. Kurganov, posium on the theme: 'Lenin and the gists in the nineteenth century, so has former Director of the Leningrad Finance In- stitute, and publislied in Novoye Russltoye Development of Science, Culture, the and Lenin become patron saint of advo- Slovo (New Russian Word), N.Y. Nov. 5. 1967. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 11 CONTINUE The lOQth Birthday of Nikolai Lenin

leak out of the Soviet Union just around uniform to go along with it. Father Ilya the time when preparations for the Lenin was often away from home on alleged jubilee got under way. back in 1968. The "inspection trips." This dismayed the anti-Lenin criticism amounts to spread- mother because she suspected her hus-

ing disillusionment with ""St. Vladimir." band of two-timing. She threatened sev- as his detractors call him. "Roy Med- eral times to sue him for divorce, but

vedev." a Russian intellectual whose real didn't. Lenin's mother, Maria, who is de- name is his secret, has recently com- picted by Soviet propagandists as a sort posed a 1,000-page indictment of Lenin. of "Holy Mary." was of Swedish and Written on a typewriter and stealthily German stock. On his father's side. circulated in numerous carbon copies in- Lenin's ancestry was Finno-Ugrian side and outside Russia, this document (Volga Chuvash) with an admixture of blames Lenin and Leninism, point by the Kalmuck Mongols. Moscow Party

point, for all the evils of Stalinism ( 1928- historians have clamped a tight lid on 1953), and beyond, and for Stalin him- the genealogy of the Blanks. From his self, whom Lenin appointed to the high- various ancestors Lenin inherited a est post in the Party's executive organ, swarthy complexion, deep-set almond- the Secretariat, as "General-Secretary." shaped eyes, high cheek bones and pre- The Medvedev manuscript has found its mature baldness (one of young Lenin's

way to France where it will soon be pub- earliest nicknames was "'Starik" or Old lished in English under the tentative Man). At times, he bore a striking re- title, "The Genesis of Stalinism in semblance to the wild Asian Tartars Russia." from whom he was partly descended. The three Lenins bother other sensi- Lenin, the boy, was a "problem child," tive Russians who see the "Lenin cult" by far the most unruly of the six Ulyanov as a blind or rationalization for the many children. A seventh, Olga, died in in- excesses of the Lenin, Stalin and post- fancy, a fact omitted for no special Stalin periods—or as the Russians call reason that I can think of in officially- them, the "dark side of the moon." The approved "Reminiscences of Lenin." Lenin cult is seen as a mere pretext for Lenin became especially difficult after the continuance of "modern Bourbon- his father died when the boy was fifteen. ism" or royal rule, to use Boris Paster- His school principal described him as a nak's phrase in his novel. Doctor Zlii- morose loner who "kept apart from the vcigo. It exists like a dangerous relic in others." When he played chess—always an era of H-bombs and automation. The within the family circle—he went about Lenin making a speech in Red Square, Nov. 7 ever-growing number of anti-Bolshevik the game as if his whole life depended veloped the outlines of a post-revolu- Russian intellectuals, including the upon it. If he lost, which was seldom, he "father of the Soviet H-bomb," Dr. An- ranted and raved. Rebellious and con- tionary dictatorship which would un- leash terror for the purpose of drei Sakharov, want to reform Russia, temptuous of all authority, he once tore mass cleansing and "re-educating" remnants and reform it thoroughly. The Kremlin off his Orthodox cross, threw it to the of the old society. leaders, who call themselves "The dis- floor and then spat on it. He gravitated ciples of Lenin," seem unable to throttle toward the most radical and uncompro- Long before he became an "ortho- these protests altogether. The authentic mising of political programs for reform- dox Marxist," Lenin was the supporter Lenin has never been revealed to the ing Russia. When he was seventeen, an of a species of home-grown Russian rev- whole Soviet people. No complete bi- event within the family bruised Lenin for olutionism called "Jacobinism." Named ography of Lenin has been published in life, and further impelled him in political after the most ultra-radical and dicta- Russia. But men like Medvedev are be- pathological directions. His only older torial sect of the French Revolution, the ginning to piece together the flesh-and- brother, Alexander, was executed on the Russian Jacobins were unpopular with blood original. If an authentic biography Tsarist gallows in a much-publicized the rest of the Russian revolutionists. The should appear in Russia, the damage to trial at the age of twenty-one. Alexander, latter condemned the Jacobins for their the present ideology and justification of a brooding ascetic type, had participated dictatorial methods and their cynical authority could be irreparable. in an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate view of human affairs. Lenin was at- Who was the real Lenin? Tsar Alexander IIL Once Lenin's grief, tracted to the Jacobin sect not only be-

He began life in the medium-size and that of his mother, had subsided, cause it appealed to his arrogant, rest- Volga River town of Simbirsk (renamed young Vladimir became coolly vengeful less and secretive nature, but through "Ulyanovsk" with Lenin's approval, in over what had happened to "Sasha." "We his attachment at the age of about 1923), in April 1870. shall not take [Sasha's] road," he said. twenty to a woman revolutionary nine Like many ultra-radicals, Vladimir "Our road must be different." And in- years his senior. This forceful person-

Uyich Ulyanov was born in comfortable deed it was. No revolutionary heroics of ality, Maria Yaseneva, became Lenin's circumstances. His mother's father, Alex- "individual terror" would do the job, said revolutionary teacher and mistress. For ander Blank, was a serf-owning land- Vladimir. His brother's revolutionism several years, she instructed Lenin in the

lord, a fact that is omitted from the very was hopelessly idealistic and naive. In- Jacobin tradition in Russia, particularly long article on Lenin in the Great Soviet stead, Lenin painstakingly developed the in the writings and deeds of such fire- Encyclopedia. Blank's large estate in concept of a tightly organized and dis- brands as Sergei (The Eagle) Nechayev Kokushkino served as the Ulyanov fam- ciplined underground band of "profes- and Peter Tkachev. Nechayev was a ily's summer vacation home. Lenin's sional revolutionaries," adept with guns, murderer, terrorist and blackmailer of father, Ilya, was a public school admin- manifestos, and the derring-do to rob the 1860's who trusted none of his com- istrator, with a high rank and a Tsarist banks for party funds. Lenin also de- rades, nor did they him. Tkachev, known

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 Dostoevski. It was accompanied with numerous statistical tables. The book im- mediately caught the attention of the "dean of Russian Marxism." George Plekhanov. Plekhanov eagerly awaited making the acquaintance of this "tal- ented writer." That day came in 1900 when the thirty-year-old "Tulin" (Lenin) showed up in the Russian emigre haven of Geneva, Switzerland. Altogether, Lenin used almost 100 pen names during his adult life. He rather enjoyed the secretiveness of the whole thing, and he knew he was not fooling the Tsar's police. His attachment to old Plekhanov was brief. Willful and self- assertive, intolerant of anyone who dis- agreed with him in the slightest, Lenin began to employ his famous salami- slicing tactics within socialist organiza- tions. By splintering and breaking the back of more conservative revolutionary groups he was able to forge a small party of his own, carved out of the larger Rus- sian Social Democrats. His followers called themselves "Bolsheviks" (from the Russian word, bolshinstvo, meaning "majority"). They were the most cynical and ruthless of the many Russians who hoped to end the Tsar's regime. Like almost everything else about the Bolshe- viks, even the name was cynical. They became a "majority" of the Russian So- cial Democrats only because the rest of the SDs had walked out of a London party conference in 1903. The real ma- jority, the democratically inclined Rus- 1918, during first anniversary celebration of the Bolshevik power seizure. sian sociali.sts who had left, were ironi- (Coiitiinied on pa;^e 46) as the "first Bolshevik" of the 1870's to Western historians, once recommended shooting everyone in Russia over 25, thereby starting the New Order "from scratch." Lenin later read, and copied from, Tkachev's numerous writings. Only some years later, after the Yase- neva period, did Lenin decide to graft Western Marxism upon earlier beliefs. Thus, the Bolshevism which was to take shape in his mind was, by around 1900, a mixture of the German Marx and the Russian Jacobins. The revolutionaries would all be professionals, observing iron discipline, following without ques- tion the orders handed down from the Leninist "Center" of "talented leaders." Eventually. Lenin taught, the Center would order the seizure of power from the Tsar or whoever overthrew the Tsar, if someone else did. In that case, power would be "lying in the streets," and the

Bolsheviks would pick it up, as Lenin was to say later. Lenin soon set about making himself known to the budding Russian Marxist circles of the 1890's and early 1900's. The book that he wrote in exile at Shushenskoye, The Development of Capitalism in Russia, was an imposing work, replete with long. Germanic-like Lenin and Stalin in 1922. Lenin appointed Stalin to highest post in the Secre- sentences resembling the heavy style of tariat, and created the oppressive police state to which Stalin succeeded. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 13

— a

Takes Over Business By DONALD SINGLETON

A look at some of the techniques and early signs of attempts

by the crime '^^moV to take over and milk legitimate business.

THE "Mafia," you have surely heard, Cosa Nostra's ticket from the darkness eral Motors, Ford Motors. General is preying more and more on legiti- of the underworld to the daylight of pre- Electric, International Business Ma- mate businesses these days. It doesn't tended respectability. The cost can be chines, United States Steel and Du Ponl. have a monopoly on crime, corruption measured in dollars and cents and in Even that does not tell the whole story,

or violence in this country, but this tight- human misery. because the Mafia's money is "freer" knit, well-organized, ill-named outfit The cost can be measured in higher than the money taken in by legitimate seems to have enough muscle, money, taxes. If the Mafia paid taxes on the mil- corporations. The mob pays little or no

brains and unscrupulousness to make lions it makes, everybody's tax bill would tax; it adheres to no antitrust laws; it an-

amateurs of most other crooks and to be reduced. swers to no stockholders; it has no inter-

entrap many a businessman in its toils. It can be measured in the thousands nal labor problems; and, perhaps most Our Mafia goes under many names. It of needless bankruptcies resulting from important of all in these times of infla-

isn't the original Sicilian Mafia, but our scam operations, in which the mob takes tion and "tight" money, it has an almost

own home-grown outfit. Call it the over a successful business and quickly limitless source of capital funds from its

Mafia, or "the mob" or the "Cosa Nos- milks it dry of every drop of stock, as- criminal loan-sharking and gambling tra" (our thing), or "the syndicate" or sets and credit, leaving behind a bank- operations. just "organized crime" and you are rupt company and a stack of unpaid Because of these and other reasons, probably talking about the same thing. bills. business organizations and government Law enforcement officials say the It can be measured in higher insurance agencies have begun working hand-in- nationwide crime syndicate has been rates for everybody—the rates go up a hand in an effort to plan an attack on using more than a dozen different little every year because of Mafia-ar- their common enemy—organized crime. techniques—some of them brand new ranged stock pilfering and hijacking For instance, the United States Chamber to get its hooks into such "clean" busi- frauds. of Commerce, the world's largest federa- nesses as banks, real estate development It can be measured in lower wages for tion of business firms, has issued a 78- companies, land investment firms, enter- tens of thousands of workers who are page "Deskbook on Organized Crime." tainment media, luxury hotels and small trapped in sweetheart contracts between In the booklet, which is available to businesses of all types. Mafia-controlled unions and Mafia-con- any businessman, the Chamber warns its In fact, many experts believe that the trolled companies. members that mob influence is now

Cosa Nostra has found that milking le- And it can be measured in higher price being felt in "practically every type of gitimate business is so profitable that it tags on all kinds of consumer goods— business and industry in the United

has already pulled more than half of 1 4 increase in the cost of a loaf of bread States." The Chamber calls the Cosa its $60 billion bankroll out of its tradi- because of a syndicate-controlled truck- Nostra "an awesome, powerful and no-

tional "dirty" operations, including gam- ing monopoly, perhaps, or a $ 1 0 increase holds-barred competitor." The "Desk- bling, prostitution, loan-sharking and in the cost of a new car because of pay- book" outlines several of the most com- narcotics smuggling. roll-padding by a subcontractor. mon methods of mob penetration and

The mob's methods range from highly The Mafia is big and it is powerful. It offers a variety of preventive measures.

sophisticated stock manipulations in- is a well-organized, centrally directed Prevention, in most cases, is not only volving tens of millions of dollars, all army of at least 5,000 men, operating in wise—it is the only thing that works. The the way down to the most basic kinds of every state. It has divided the nation into Research Institute of America, which criminal practices, including blackmail, 24 areas, each governed by a different specializes in information reports to busi- extortion and violence—even the ulti- "family." Discipline is strict. Violators ness subscribers, points out in a recent mate weapon, murder. of the mob's rules are found wrapped in study of the problem that once the mob Here is a list of the major infiltration chains at the bottom of rivers or in gets its foot in the door there usually is techniques: bankruptcy fraud (scam and clandestine country graves. no way to prevent a total take-over. bust-out), dummy association (protec- But even more ominous than the The Institute lists six main reasons tion), usury (shylocking), loan manipu- size and discipline of the Cosa Nostra is why the Mafia has become so interested lation, labor involvement (racketeer- its wealth. Investigators estimate that the in legitimate business. It provides the ing), hijacking (insurance frauds), real syndicate's annual intake is at least $60 crime syndicate with: a legitimate front, estate coups, stock theft, monopoly, re- billion. That much money is almost im- a market for hot goods, an outlet for in- verse monopoly, investment steering, possible to contemplate. Reduced to vesting its enormous capital, a cover for simple extortion, illegal cartels and in- more understandable terms, $60 billion illegal payoffs, the insulation of respect- plant gambling. is more than the total combined yearly ability and another way to increase its Everybody pays the high cost of the sales of the following corporations: Gen- (Turn To Next Page) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRII 1970 15 The Mafia's tentacles now reach into every level of business. Object: to make off with the assets by guile or theft. Method: getting business

CONTINUED How Organized CrimeTakes Over Business power— political, economic and other- Murray was a fairly small business, plies. As the supplies arrived he sold wise. run successfully for many years by the them at cut-rate prices, then reordered, The Institute says powerful counter- Weinberg and Newman families. But using Murray's established credit lines. measures are required to keep the mob there came a time when the families were In the process, Pagano managed to out. And the most powerful counter- in need of capital to meet an emergency. pocket $750,000 by not paying the bills measure of all, it concludes, is a wide- Joseph Pagano. a principal in one of the on what he'd bought on Murray's credit. scale program of education. firms which supplied Murray regularly, A few months later, Murray Packing, by Let's take a closer look at the different heard of the families' financial plight. then $1.3 million in debt, went bank- ways in which the mob has penetrated Pagano not only offered to invest $35,- rupt. businesses. 000 in fresh money in the firm, but also Pagano, it turned out, was the same Bankruptcy Fraud. This operation, to bring in several large, new accounts Joseph Pagano who was identified by a also known as "scam" and "bust-out," is through his contacts in the industry. All 1964 Senate subcommittee as a member one of the most tragic of all the mob's Pagano asked was a one-third interest in of the Mafia family of the late Vito methods because it often destroys busi- the Murray company and the title of Genovese. Later, at a bankruptcy fraud nesses which were built up by a lifetime president of the firm. trial in Federal District Court, Joseph of honest hard work. The Weinbergs and the Newmans Weinberg and David Newman were There are three variations of the scam were not enthusiastic about the deal, but sentenced to 12 and 15 months in jail, —the same-name scam, the take-over they agreed. And that was the kiss of respectively, and Pagano was sentenced scam and the three-step scam. death for Murray Packing. to five years. It was the take-over scam that resulted Practically before the Weinbergs and The three-step scam and the same- in the destruction of the Murray Pack- the Newmans knew what was happening, name scam are different in that these ing Co. in New York City. Pagano had placed huge orders for sup- methods use imaginary credit instead of

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • Al !IL 1970 operations which the mob runs on the waterfront. But where businesses are in- volved, the amounts are higher and the interest rates are higher, too. There have been recorded cases of businessmen pay- ing 4,000% interest to a shylock in one Eastern city. A businessman who is hard- pressed for current funds is a prime target for shylocking. A case that reveals some of the di-

mensions of Mafia usury practices is the one involving key personnel of the R.N. Landon Construction Co.. an aluminum siding firm in White Plains, N.Y. Three men with the firm contacted one Richard Schulman who agreed to lend them the money they needed. One of the men was a salesman. Herbert Reay. who borrowed $1,000. By the end of two years, Reay

had paid Schulman $4,000, and he stil! owed $1,400 in principal and interest. It was not the exorbitant interest rate that ultimately brought the case to the

attention of federal officials, however. It was Schulman's methods of collection. One victim was Harold Ashley, an officer of the company who had just been released from the hospital after treat- ment for a heart attack. Ashley was beaten with a chair in the company of- fices because his payment was not suffi- cient. And in the case of the third victim, Landon office manager Joseph Fleming. Schulman threatened that he would smash everything in the office to bits un- less Fleming made an immediate pay- ment of $3,600. Schulman also warned all three men that he was an employee of Mafia chieftain John (Sonny) Franzese. and said that if the men failed to pay on time their "widows, wives and children" would be maimed. A federal court jury later convicted insiders under the mob's coercive control. Schulman on two counts under a re- cently enacted federal law which prohi- real credit when they place their orders. names of several mob-dominated com- bits the use of threats of violence to col- In the case of the same-name scam, panies are supplied as references. lect extortionate loans. the racketeers pick a name—and often For the duration of step one, usually It is the rare firm that brings its plight an address as well—which is almost lasting only one or two months, creditors to the district attorney's attention, how- identical with the name and address of a are paid promptly and in full. But in the ever. Most times, the victims pay in well-known firm. For example, Mafia second step, orders are placed with silence, often with the result that their funds might be used to rent an office or different suppliers as well as the original businesses are forced into bankruptcy. storefront next door to the XYZ Pro- firms. New suppliers are paid in full, but Only then, when there is nothing left for ducts Corp. Then the mob will print sta- the original suppliers are sent only the victim to sell, mortgage or turn over tionery and put in a telephone in the enough to keep them happy for the mo- to the shylock. the account finally is name of XYZ Product Supply Co. m.ent. stamped "paid." Most experts believe The scam company begins ordering Step three is when the phony company that there are thousands of bankruptcies supplies, and suppliers are tricked into orders huge amounts of supplies from caused by shylocking each year. believing they are sending merchandise all of the suppliers in the industry. As the These usurious loans have repercus- to the well-known company, or, perhaps, goods arrive they are quickly sold off sions in other frauds as well. Often, vic- one of its legitimate subsidiaries. By the through Mafia outlets in other cities, or tims who become "hooked" through

time the fraud is discovered, it is too late. hidden in mob-owned warehouses. loans are forced to participate in a wide The Mafia's large quantities of avail- By the time the victims realize what variety of other schemes. able funds come in handy for the third has happened, the scam operators have One outstanding example of this is the type, the three-step scam. vanished, taking the "nut money" and case of James L. Marcus, the New York In this operation, the mob puts a large everything else that's not nailed down City Commissioner of Water Supply, amount of "nut money" on deposit in a with them. Gas and Electricity, who was convicted

local bank. When the first small orders Usury (Shylocking) . This fraud, of sharing a $40,000 kickback resulting are placed, the fake company sends out which involves the lending of money at from an $840,000 city project. Just three letters of introduction, inviting the sup- fantastically high rates of interest, is days after Marcus resigned from his pliers to check the bank. Frequently the simply a version of the loan-sharking city post, he made the final payment on a

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 17 CONTINUED How Organized Crime Takes Over Business

$5,000 loan from one Michael Bon- fondeo, who later pleaded guilty to loan- sharking. One of Bonfondeo's victims was the operator of a tennis club who borrowed a total of $30,000 and reportedly paid back more than double that amount in interest alone. Bonfondeo admitted he had charged interest rates up to 260%. Shylocking also figures heavily in one of the newest Mafia operations, the one that's centered in Wall Street.

Stock Frauds. The Cosa Nostra is drawn to money like bees are drawn to

flowers, so it came as no surprise to ex- perienced investigators when the mob beean to move in on Wall Street. Mobsters steal negotiable securities. They counterfeit stock certificates. They make "inside men" cooperate in various kinds of security manipulations, some of them so complex that they are almost im- possible for a person unfamiliar with high finance to unravel. The case of the vanishing I.B.M. stock was an example.

Here is how state and federal investiga- tors later pieced the story together:

A Mafia confederate is believed to have obtained a job with the brokerage firm of Hayden, Stone Inc. The man "cased the joint." Then, at his first op- portunity, he grabbed $1 million in I.B.M. stocks, authorities believe. The thief "fenced" the stocks through a Mafia contact, who passed them along to a mob-organized embezzling operation in Pennsylvania. The embezzlers sneaked the certificates into the offices of a Penn- sylvania insurance commissioner. They ILLUSTRATED BY put the I.B.M. stock into the portfolio GERRY GERSTEN of an insurance company, and removed an equal amount of negotiable securities, investigators said. They sold the good A business that's in financial trouble is a prime target for mob takeover. Be- stock and pocketed the $1 million. The ware the offer of help from one with no apparent reason for his generosity. incident came to light weeks later. The insurance company went bankrupt. very few ameni- The F.B.I, turned up another case of pose of $100,000 in stolen securities or Holzman, the mob uses stock fraud recently which illustrated he would face "the East River." ties. how "inside men" can be forced to take Fortunately for the brokerage house Salvatore Granello, an identified that part in stock deals, usually through shy- employed Wolfe, the victim already Mafia figure, summoned Holzman to a locking. had contacted the police. Asst. District Manhattan restaurant. There, Granello detec- The case involved a young brokerage Att'y Michael H. Metzger and a outlined his simple plan—Holzman was clerk named George Wolfe, who had tive witnessed the demand involving the to turn over one-quarter of his weekly borrowed $5,000 from a loan-shark who stolen securities and the criminals were net receipts to Granello. In case Holz- had been bankrolled by reputed mobster arrested. man misunderstood, Granello allegedly John (Sonny) Franzese. Wolfe was sup- Metzger, who has made an intensive spelled it out, "If at the end of a week posed to be paying the loan back at the study of the Mafia's infiltration of Wall you have $1 left, I'll take 254 and you rate of $250 a week. For a short time he Street, says usury and strong-arm tactics keep 75(^." Holzman's end of the deal met the payments. But then he missed are common "wedges" used to recruit bought him protection—Granello prom- one payment. "inside men." ised not to harm him if he cooperated. According to testimony before the Muscle is behind many of the Mafia's Holzman resisted. Soon after, several New York State Joint Legislative Com- money-making schemes that bleed busi- men forced their way into his home and mittee on Crime, Wolfe was beaten for nesses. The polite name for such muscle savagely beat his wife. Holzman con- missing the payment. Then the mob is extortion. tinued to resist. A few days later, his added another punishment — either Simple Extortion. Often, as in the case married daughter, who was pregnant at Wolfe would agree to help the mob dis- of New York jukebox distributor Irving the time, received a telephone call. "If

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 your father doesn't cooperate we'll come the "association," a business organiza- sociation, a group of waterfront truck- and kick your pregnant belly in," the tion composed of firms operating in a ing firms. Eventually, Jet Stream became caller said. certain industry. Through coercion of a division of MITA, and MITA began Finally, a wiretap installed at Holz- various types, the mob can "sew up" an hiring men identified as members of Vito man's request recorded calls between industry by forcing every firm to join, Genovese's Mafia family as "consult- Holzman and Granello. The mobster was then controlling the prices charged. ants." freight convicted of the extortion plot and A case in point is the celebrated air Thus, the mob controlled the sentenced to prison for 18 months. freight scandals at New York's Kennedy situation through influence in the unions When a Midwest gas station owner International Airport. and in the association. Airlines were told failed to make prompt payments on a The situation developed as the busi- which firms to deal with and how much of $2,000 loan that carried $4,000 interest, ness of air freight picked up from a to pay. Honest truckers were put out associa- the shylock told the man he would minor-league operation in the early business or ordered to join the told. In the five maim his four-year-old son and burn his 1960's to the point where, in 1967, 550.- tion and do as they were thefts of air gas station to the ground unless the pay- 000 tons of air freight valued at $6.3 bil- years from 1962 to 1967, ments resumed. The man borrowed from lion were moved through the airport. As cargo at Kennedy jumped from $45,000 another loan shark whose interest rates the freight value and volume picked up, to $4.5 million annually. were lower and paid the first shylock off. so did the Mafia's involvement in the in- It wasn't until the New York State In- The Mafia will go to great lengths to dustry, investigators later discovered. vestigation Commission probed into the threaten victims into doing what they're First there was a series of labor union whole air freight industry that the public told. "consolidations" which resulted in the became aware of these happenings. Last January, F.B.I, agents and New domination of racketeer-led Teamster Reverse Monopolies. Sometimes the York City detectives raided the Ben- Local 295 in the air freight trucking Mafia sets up a monopoly not of busi- sonhurst Social Club in Brooklyn, after business. Then there came the formation nesses, but of customers. there were reports that the club was of two associations—Jet Stream, an as- A case in point involves a group of being used as the headquarters of a shy- sociation of air freight truckers, and the New York firms specializing in the rental locking business being operated by Metropolitan Import Truckmen's As- and sharpening of knives for the meat, Brooklyn Mafia boss Joseph Colombo. restaurant and associated industries. The The raiders said the club's front room firms had joined the New York Grinders seemed ordinary enough, but the back Association. Soon after, all the independ- room turned out to be a blood-spattered ent grinders were beset by a mysterious torture chamber where delinquent bor- problem—their customers were desert- rowers were brought and beaten. Some ing them in wholesale lots. The associa- borrowers may have been brought into tion investigated and found that all of the room to watch, police guessed. the customers had decided to give their Muscle also figured heavily in inci- business to a newly formed company. dents involving the nationwide A & P Within a few short weeks, the new com- food store chain. The chain was hit by pany had taken almost every one of the a sudden rash of fires and bombings in 2,000 customers in the grinding business. its stores. Federal investigators later dis- The new company's officers were Paul covered that the incidents were linked Gambino and Salvatore Guglielmo, both to the mob's attempt to force the chain previously identified as officers in the to handle a certain brand of soap powder Carlo Gambino Mafia family, and Frank manufactured by a Mafia-controlled Ferro. Paul Gambino's brother-in-law. company. When the Grinders Association ap- Monopoly. Both extortion and labor proached the new company, according racketeering are often used to help to testimony before the State Investiga- create monopolistic situations which tion Commission, Gambino offered to favor selected Mafia businesses. Such a get out of the grinding business for a fee scheme reportedly gave John (Johnny of $300,000. The members of the as- Dio) Dioguardi a near-monopoly in the sociation negotiated for months, and Kosher meat business in parts of Long finally worked out a compromise price of Island. $175,000. In addition to the payment, Through a series of bankruptcies and the members of the association lost an business take-overs, Dioguardi wound estimated $296,000 in business during up with control of practically the whole the time that Gambino's firm was operat- Kosher meat industry—everybody was ing. buying from one or another of Johnny The customers didn't say exactly why Dio's firms. When Nassau County Pro- they all decided to jump on the Gambino secutor William Cahn began investigat- bandwagon, but investigators felt cer- ing the situation, officials of the chain tain that threats of violence had much stores clammed up. Cahn pushed ahead to do with it. with his probe and found that many of Labor Racketeering. The manipula- the businessmen were simply afraid to tion of labor unions is a common ploy talk with him. "They were in fear be- used by the Mafia. Sometimes the mob cause of the fact that they felt Dioguardi takes over a union and demands "welfare would give them trouble," Cahn said. and pension fund" payments from em-

"The supermarket chains accepted Dio- ployers. Sometimes it depletes pension guardi's products to insure that they funds, or uses them to back Mafia opera- would continue to have labor peace." tions in other fields. Sometimes it simply One of the favorite devices used by the signs "sweetheart" contracts with Mafia- Unexplained vandalism is often the fore- mob to create a monopolistic situation is runner of a syndicate invasion attempt. {Continued on page 44) THE AMI !ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 19 Opposing Views by Congressmen on Tlie Question

IS GOVERNMENT ELECTRONIC

THERE IS A LAW enforcement need for the employ- Attorneys Association and ment of electronic surveillance techniques in the the Association of Federal administration of justice, under such strict regulations Investigators. The Senate and limitations as those contained in Title III of the expressed overwhelming Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1968. Indeed, this is support for Title III by vot- what the two most comprehensive studies of the ques- ing down a motion to strike tion concluded: The Report of the English Privy Coun- the title 68 to 12. cillors in 1957, which reviewed wiretapping in England The Congress' 1968 over a 20-year period, and the 1967 Report of the judgment in enacting Title President's Crime Commission. III, I am pleased to note, is The Councillors found that metropolitan police used now being vindicated in wiretapping chiefly "to break up organized and dan- practice. The first annual ." Sen. John L. McClellan gerous gangs. . . They concluded: "To abandon the report filed with Congress (D-Ark.) power now would be a concession to those who are on the operation of Title desirous of breaking the law in one form or another, III indicates that electronic surveillance is not only without any advantage to the community whatever." being used successfully as a weapon against organized In its study of organized crime, the President's crime, but is also being used in a fashion that protects Crime Commission concluded that under "present individual liberties. Wiretapping, for example, was procedures, too few witnesses have been produced recently used to attack a major narcotics wholesale to prove the link between criminal group members system in the District of Columbia. This was the first and the illicit activities they sponsor." After examining such case since 1959, and wiretapping was the key. the opinion of the majority of our law enforcement Less than six weeks after carefully selected wiretaps officials that electronic surveillance techniques are in- were installed, under court order, two members of La dispensable to fight organized crime, a majority of the Cosa Nostra, a major narcotics wholesaler, a crooked Commission then concluded "that legislation should policeman and an assorted group of other criminals be enacted granting carefully circumscribed authority had been arrested. In light of this sort of success story, for electronic surveillance to law enforcement officers never again should we hear expressed a doubt that

to the extent it may be consistent with . . . [the Con- wiretapping is needed to break the back of organized ." stitution]. . . crime in America. During the debates on Title III, support for the care- ful use of these techniques was voiced also by the Ju- dicial Conference of the United States, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, the National As- sociation of Attorneys General, the National District

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this big

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 SURVEILLANCE NECESSARY ?

OR THE FIRST TIME in the tors all conversations on that phone and every phone history of the United in the world F which may be connected with it. States, federal law—Title No American will ever again feel conscious-free in III of the Omnibus Crime conversations in his home or at work. We have turned Control Act of 1968—au- our backs on centuries of progress, and I am fearful thorizes police-conducted that Title III could create a police state. investigations of privacy Last year, when John N. Mitchell appeared before on an alarmingly vast scale. the Senate Judiciary Committee in confirmation hear- So long as a willing ings, after he was nominated to be U.S. Attorney Gen- judge is found to issue a eral, I advised him that his implementation of the surveillance warrant, wiretapping law would be closely followed by prose- there is no bar to massive cuting attorneys of every hamlet and town throughout Sen. Hiram L. Fong (R-Hawaii) electronic surveillance by the country. the law enforcement agen- On July 14, 1969, the Attorney General announced cies at every governmental level—from the FBI on that the Government had reduced its use of telephone down. taps and electronic bugs since the first of the year. I The requirement of a judicial warrant under Title was very encouraged by the report. Nevertheless, this III simply is not enough to compensate for the grave Title III stands in our law books. threat to privacy engendered by other provisions of It is my firm conviction that Title III clearly vio- the law. lates the guarantees of the 4th Amendment to the The law allows a court order to be issued authorizing Constitution, that "The rights of the people to be se- wiretapping for as long a period "as is necessary to cure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, achieve the objective of the authorization." against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not The law also offers a shopping list of crimes for ." be violated. . . which warrants may be issued. It invites eavesdrop- I do hope that when the Supreme Court has an ping in all manner of crime, trivial as well as serious. opportunity to review this law, it will declare Title III I do recognize, however, that in matters involving unconstitutional. organized crime and national security, some electronic surveillance and eavesdropping may be necessary. But I cannot believe that eavesdropping and wire- tapping are needed to investigate the myriad other crimes for which warrants are authorized. A wiretap cannot be limited to a particular person, place or purpose. It is by its very nature unlimited

and unlimitable. Whenever a wiretap is placed it moni-

I have read in The American Legion Magazine for April the arguments in PRO & CON: Is Government Elec- tronic Surveillance Necessary?

IN MY OPINION GOVERNMENT ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE IS NECESSARY IS NOT NECESSARY

issue, fill out the ''ballot^' and mail it to him. SIGNED. ADDRESS.

TOWN. STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . APRIL 1970 21 —

The Pilgrim saga that began ill Holland in 1620 and ended in America.

By PAUL DITZEL THIS December marks the 350th anniversary of the landing of the Mayflower pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass. The miracle of their saga is not only that they reached America, but that they left home. Others with less faith and raw courage probably would have given up in disgust and called off the ex- pedition after finding themselves split into bickering factions, deeply in debt, cheated by those who claimed to be their friends and frustrated by two false starts. The Protestant Reformation was about a century old in that year, 1620. but only Holland permitted religious freedom. As head of the Church of Eng- land, King James I had, in 1611, issued the Authorized or King James Version of the Bible. As did other Protestant and

Catholic monarchs, he held that if people could choose their religion and ministers, Ihey might decide to choose their rulers, which was unthinkable to him. King James suppressed two groups of dissent- ing Calvinists who preferred the Geneva version of the Bible. They were the Puri- tans, who hoped to change the church power structure and "purify" it; and the Separatists, or Saints, as they more often called themselves. They saw no hope for change. Separating from the church, they formed their own which met secretly. The king learned of a large group of Saints in the farming community of Scrooby. 150 miles north of London. Their elder was Village Postmaster Wil- liam Brewster. He had virtually adopted young William Bradford, who later wrote the first account of the Mayflower adventure, called "Of Plimouth Planta- tion." The Saints wore sober clothing and were clean-shaven. They cut their hair short to further show their contempt for the church-state establishment. The king and his appointed bishops were long- haired and bearded as was the fashion The departure of theMayf/owerfor the NewWorld from Plymouth, England, Sept. 6, 1620. Crowded of the day. Saints did not celebrate Christmas because the Bible did not say they should. They thought it blasphe- homes were ransacked for religious con- searched "furder then became mo- mous when the king passed a law per- traband and a few Saints were briefly destie." mitting merrymaking and selling of ale jailed. Realizing that the king could, if The following year. 1608, they did in churches on Sundays and religious he wished, inflict worse punishment escape to Holland. Many settled in Ley- holidays. Organ music was "the devills' hanging or burning at the stake—the den, formed a church and worked in bagpipes" said the Saints, while clerical Saints decided to move to Holland. Per- textile mills. Holland was no Utopia. Ten robes were shunned by them as "rags mission to leave England was denied. years later, they had little to show for of Rome . . . popery at its worst." The Saints bribed a ship's captain to take their toil. Their children were rebelling The king regarded the Saints as coun- them. The captain tipped off police who against Separatism and demanding such try bumpkins whom he had little reason raided the ship the night the Saints went pleasures as ice skating with Dutch to fear. He only occasionally harassed aboard and put an end to that venture. youngsters. Catholic Spain was threaten- them. Brewster was fired from his job. Bradford wrote that the women were ing war against Holland and Brewster

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A PRIL 1970 CULVER PHOTOS 1607, established the first permanent English colony in America at James- town, Va. The cost was heavy. Most of his party of 105 cavaliers had perished from disease. The colony was kept alive by purchasing 20 slaves from Africa and orphans from London slums to do the work. By 1619, there were around 2.000 Jamestown settlers eking out an exist- The Adventure ence. In 1614, Captain Smith had ex- plored north of Virginia. Mapping an area from Maine to Cape Cod, he called

it New England and told of abundant cod in coastal waters. of the In the fall of 1618. Francis Blackwell led a large group of Separatists from Amsterdam to Jamestown. They ran into severe gales which blew them olY course Mayflower and kept them at sea for six months. Disease, hunger and thirst cost the lives of Blackwell. the ship's officers and around 150 Separatists. Only about 50 were alive when they reached Jamestown Pilgrims and a good number of those soon died. News of the tragedy discouraged many from leaving Holland, but the Leydenites said what happened was predictable, considering that the Blackwell party went "packed like herrings" in but one ship, while other expeditions invariably chose safety in numbers by sailing in sev- eral. The fall sailing, moreover, guaran- teed stormy weather and a dangerous voyage. through intermediaries, efforts were made to obtain an English land grant patent in a name other than a known Separatist's for settlement north of Jamestown. Ultimately, two patents were issued by the Virginia Company of Lon- don, whose territory extended up to Long Island. Because the patents did not guarantee ships, the Saints were in- trigued by a Dutch offer of warships to escort them if they agreed to settle at the mouth of the Hudson River, which Henry Hudson had explored. A third proposition came from a friend, Thomas Weston, a London ironmonger. Weston said his joint stock company, the Mer- chants Adventurers, would loan them money to settle within the Virginia pat- ent territory. They would have seven years to repay the loan from a monopoly he would get them for cod fishing. Easily salted, dried and packed in barrels, cod would find a good market in England. mall vessel for the long voyage were 104 passengers, some 40 crewmen and two dogs. The Adventurers' terms were stiff, but so were their risks, Weston explained. was in hiding after the English ambas- English, Spanish and French explora- He countered arguments that the Saints sador tried to seize him for publishing tions. Among them was Guiana near the were farmers not fishermen by observing pamphlets critical of the church. For Amazon River. Sir Walter Raleigh had that as they had learned to run textile writing similar material, the Rev. Alex- just returned from Guiana with descrip- machinery they could learn fishing. Con- ander Leighten was fined 100,000 tions of rich land and good weather, but vinced, the Saints signed the contract,

pounds, publicly whipped and pilloried. it was an area claimed by Spain. The not one of them bothering to check their His ears were sliced off, his nose split, his Saints feared the Spanish Catholics might friend's background. A Saint he was not. face branded "SS" (Stirrer of Sedition) slaughter them as they had 400 French Weston had been in trouble for smug- and he was imprisoned for life. Protestants who had tried to settle near gling and shady financial manipulations. The Saints decided to move to the wild St. Augustine, Fla. Even with Weston's 70 speculators, there New World and debated many colony Most New World settlements had would not be funds enough to outfit an sites suggested by numerous Dutch, failed, but Capt. John Smith had, in expedition which could take the entire

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 23 CULVER PHOTOS CONTINUED The Adventure of the Mayflower Pilgrims

congregation of nearly 300. Besides, it Weston announced that the Adventurers would be safer if they crossed in small had decided to increase their interest groups. If the first failed, there would re- rates. Weston explained that his backers main others to follow and keep Separa- were reneging because the king refused tism alive. It was agreed that the men to give the settlers a monopoly in their would decide who would make the initial fishing waters. Cushman recognized the voyage. Wives, much less children, were double cross. The monopoly excuse was given no voice in this nor any other mat- flimsy, considering the vastness of the ter. The selected group sold their homes, coastal waters which guaranteed plenty

as many possessions as they could spare of fish and a ready market for it. The and pooled their money. Saints could not hope to tap all that Separatist Deacons Robert Cushman, were available with only one boat. The a woolcomber, and John Carver, a Lon- terms were, moreover, harsher than don businessman before he fled to Ley- those agreed to by any of the Jamestown den, went to England to coordinate ar- settlers. Cushman knew, however, that rangements. Despite their secrecy. King Weston had them over a barrel. Their James learned of the plans to establish own money was tied up in the Speed- a fishing colony. He was amenable. Fish- well and more was invested in her re- ing, he said, was "the Apostles' own pairs and provisioning. If they took the calling." England needed food and he Adventurers to court it was not likely

did not much care if it was provided the king's judges would uphold the Saints Puritans before King James I. Unable to ac- by extremists, so long as they did not ex- against members of the Church of Eng- cept his bible, they tried to keep their own. pect religious freedom. The Saints did land. Time, moreover, was of the es-

not press the matter. They hoped that DYNO l.OWENSTEIN the distance between England and Amer- ica and the fact that the Church of Eng- Atlantic Ocean land had not been established in northern Virginia would discourage the king from interfering. Cushman and Carver chartered the Mayflower, a three-masted ship of 180 tons. She was free to return to England when the Saints were landed. Her dimen- sions are unknown, but plans of similar vessels suggest she was around 100 feet long, with about a 25-foot beam, and 17 feet deep. The Mayflower was per- haps 20 years old and usually hauled wine, turpentine, tar and fish along the European coast. It had never carried pas- sengers. But her master, Christopher Jones, could get them across if anybody could. He had hunted whales in the Arctic and was accustomed to all sorts of sailing weather. Moreover, he knew where he could find officers who had been to America. Signed as first mate was John Clarke, just back from Jamestown where he had taken a load of cattle. Sec- was ond mate Robert Coppin, who knew Map shows close of Mayflower's journey. On Nov. 11, 1620, she put in at what is now the New England coast. Provincetown, Mass. (crook of cape). From there, explorations to find a site for a explorers The Saints contracted with four sea- permanent settlement ended successfully at Plymouth Harbor on Dec. 11. The took the news back to the Mayflower. A week later, she anchored at Plymouth. men and a 20-year-old barrelmaker named John Alden to work for one year sence. Delays could cause a late depar- and Carver denied he had agreed to the in the colony and to teach them fishing ture and a repeat of the Blackwell dis- changes. When Weston refused to back and the packing of catches. In Holland, aster. down, many Saints pulled out and de- meanwhile, a two-masted pinnace, the Cushman reluctantly agreed and no- manded their money back. Only 16 men Speedwell, was purchased and a crew tified the Saints in Leyden that Carver remained steadfast. under a Captain Reynolds was simi- had, too. Most of them rejected the ex- Realizing that those few could hardly larly hired for a year. The Speedwell planation and repudiated the new agree- establish a colony, Weston recruited was about one-third the size of the May- ment. They said that the Adventurers nearly 80 passengers around London. flower and ideal for fishing. Captain were treating them more like "theeves & Most were as impoverished as the Saints. Reynolds sold the Saints on shipwrights' bondslaves than honest men," and Cush- Nearly all were Church of England recommendations that new and taller man and Carver were harshly criticized members. Their sole reason for going masts, sails and rigging would make her for so quickly giving in to the Adven- was a fresh start in life. Because the clan- more seaworthy. turers. Exactly how Cushman could nish Saints knew none of them, they The Speedwell was well along when have done otherwise they did not say, called the group "Strangers," a name 24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE APRIL 1970 1

which stuck. It is one of history's ironies accounting. They would I'e denied clear- All went well for a lime, although that Strangers would enjoy a more last- ance from Southampton until they paid Martin (the Strangers' spokesman) ing fame than any of the Saints. Among port bills. Captain Reynolds added an- showed contempt for the Saints who the Strangers were an unemployed sol- other problem. He refused to head out to complained that he treated them "as if dier. Miles Standish, and a bootmaker, sea unless more money was spent to they were not good enough to wipe his William MuUins, and his family. The correct the Speedwell's faults. shoes." Martin infuriated Captain Jones MuUins' 17-year-old daughter, Priscilla. Saints and Strangers began bickering and his crew by telling them how to han- would marry John Alden. To represent among themselves. At issue was not so dle the ship. Two days out, the Speed- the Strangers. Weston appointed Chris- much what the .Strangers called the well signaled distress. >She was "leakie topher Martin, a Puritan, and named "holier-than-thou" attitude of the Saints, like a seive" and her pumps could not him expedition treasurer. irritating as it was, but their attitude that handle the problem. Turning around, Late in July, the Speedwell sailed from the patent was theirs, the colony would they made for Dartmouth where the the the Speedwell was dry-docked. Three more Delft Haven with 46 Saints— 16 men, 1 be theirs, Mayflower and Speed- wives (two of them pregnant) and 19 well were theirs, and therefore the weeks were lost as her hull was com- children—and more than a dozen "serv- Strangers were aboard by their suffer- pletely patched with oakum. Meanwhile, ants," a euphemism for those more im- ance. Into this simmering situation ar- those on the Mayflower were so un- poverished than the Saints. They agreed rived Weston. He told them their money happy that Martin refused to let any to work without pay for seven years in problems were over if they signed the go ashore. He was certain most would exchange for food and shelter. Wives, new contract. Apparently he had not not return. children and friends left behind saw them bothered to mention the amendments to Clearing Dartmouth at the end of Au- off. It was a mournful parting, said the Strangers, who became as incensed gust, the Speedwell was more than 300 Bradford, who took his 23-year-old as the Saints. Martin called the Adven- miles at sea when she sprang leaks "as wife, Dorothy, but left their five-year- turers "bloodsuckers." and Weston large as rat holes." Again they turned old son, John, with Pastor John Robin- stomped off to London in a huff, telling back, this time to Plymouth, where ship- son. George F. Willison. author of them "to goe scratch" for the money wrights pronounced her unsafe and rec- "Saints and Strangers." wrote of the they needed. ommended abandonment. They said that

fiCTUKK COLLI/ ^Io^-^•,^. plbi u i iuraky in a rolling sea her overly tall and weighty masts worked open her seams and the inrushing water spewed loose her oakum. Either they were right and Cap- tain Reynolds and the Dutch shipwrights were wrong, else the Saints had been cheated again. Bradford's narrative in- sists that Captain Reynolds and his crew had decided to use the unseaworthy Speedwell as an excuse for breaking their contract, as well they might have been inclined, considering the late season and the disagreements among the passengers and the Adventurers. Whatever the case, the Speedwell was sold and her new owners sailed her profitably, and with- out trouble, for many years. Loss of the pinnace was the worst blow yet. Everything argued for aban- doning the expedition and going home. An ocean crossing was always hazard- ous, but especially so from September Landing of the Pilgrims. The painting depicts the settlers stepping onto a rock on— in but one ship, and that an old one. though they actually used a beach. No writings at the time mentioned a rock landing They were in the same situation that re- Bradford boy's "heartbreaking appeals Captain Jones was impatient to leave sulted in the Blackwell disaster. Assum- and frightened cries," as the Speedwell before the onset of seasonably foul ing they reached America alive, how left the dock. weather. "We are readier to go to dispute would they survive? With no means of The Speedwell was hardly out of sight than to set forth a voyage," said Cush- fishing, there could be neither food nor of land when, unaccountably, she began man. Early in August, Captain Reynolds income. Unless game was abundant, or rolling and taking on water. The Saints declared the Speedwell ready. Weston they found some way to fish, they could were seasick and soaked when Captain ignored a letter pleading for a settlement starve before crops could be planted and

Reynolds anchored near the Mayflower of differences, and it was decided to sail harvested. Could they make a fast cross- at Southampton's West Quay. The without an agreement. Around 80 bar- ing to plant before the ground froze? Strangers had already arrived and said rels of butter were sold to pay their port They might support themselves through

matters were in a mess. Cushman, bill. To keep peace among Saints and lumbering and fur trading. There was a Carver and Martin had gone their sep- Strangers, Captain Jones assigned a market for both in England. But when arate ways to purchase provisions and "governor" aboard each ship; Martin the Mayflower left them on the other were barely speaking to each other. Con- aboard the Mayflower, Cushman on the side they would be stranded, and, unless sequently, the Mayflower was over- Speedwell. They would keep close com- Weston and his cronies relented, there stocked in some things, short in others. pany. In event of distress, the signal would be no later expeditions with pro- They had, for example, two tons of but- would be a rapid raising and lowering visions and settlers. ter, but few guns to protect themselves of sails. Just before sailing time, a If they quit now, they would lose ev- against "barbarous savages." Funds were bearded man, obviously in disguise, hur- erything and be forced to return to a low. Martin's bookkeeping was hope- ried aboard the Speedwell. His name was worse poverty than they had known, lessly tangled. He indignantly refused an William Brewster. plus all the other things which had nur-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 25 CONTINUED assured the Saints and Strangers that God was with them. The Adventure of the Mayflower Pilgrims Two months out. Captain Jones grew increasingly worried. They should have tured their profound desire for some- when they refused to join all-day Sab- sighted Cape Cod weeks ago. He knew thing better than what England and Hol- bath services conducted by Brewster. It they were on the right course, but had hind offered. When the moment of de- never seemed to occur to the Saints that no way of determining how far they cision arrived. Saints and Strangers by imposing Separatism upon Church were from land. The chronometer was agreed that they might differ on the me- of England members they were guilty of yet to be devised. A few days later, Eliza- chanics of religion, but they prayed to the sort of thing King James had done beth Hopkins bore a son. Attending her the same God and He would watch over to them. Crewmen detested both Saints was the ship's doctor, Giles Heath, them and see them through their peril. and Strangers, if for no other reason than whose license to practice came from the Advising Captain Jones of their decision, they were constantly underfoot. "Curs- Company of Barber Surgeons. The boy he calculated that all but 20 could crowd ing them daily with greevois execra- was named Oceanus. aboard the Mayflower. Volunteers to tions," the crew called them "puke- With food and water running low, and

stay behind were called for. Among them stocking louts" and "psalmsingers what constant cold and wetness, many fell ill. was Cushman who said he would try to pray day and night." Two weeks out, one William Butten, a servant, died. That

reach some agreement with the Adven- of the most vehement of the crew died only two perished during the voyage is turers and come to America later. deliriously. "God's wrath," said the attributed by some to seepage from The Mayflower sailed early in Sep- Saints. earlier wine cargoes. Alcohol impreg- tember with 104 passengers, including THE BETTMAN .\RCHIVE 50 men, 20 women, 34 children and a crew of about 40. Despite overcrowding, nobody tried to dissuade lonely John Goodman, a recent bridegroom who had left his wife in Holland, from bringing his spaniel and mastiff for companion- ship. Most passengers were seasick the first days. Husbands, wives, teen-aged girls and bachelors were jam-packed be- low deck in a fetid 26-by-78-foot area almost without ventilation. Crammed into this same area was a 23-foot sloop, suitable for sailing or rowing, which had been purchased for exploring.

Taken apart, some passengers slept in its pieces. Adequate sanitary facilities were lacking and privacy was virtually non- existent, although around 18 passengers made jerry-built cabins near the cap- tain's on the aft poop deck. The crew was crowded into the forecastle, near the galley. Daily meals alternated be- tween dried fish and meat, with wheat or pea flour biscuits. Alden was entrusted with keeping intact the beer and cider kegs which were tapped when the water

turned brackish, as it was sure to do The first sailing of the Pilgrims for the New World left Delft Haven, Holland, on any voyage. July 1620. They got as far as England, w here they were delayed until September.

Favored by strong winds, the May- Becalmed some days, scudding under nated the hull and "sterilized" it, thus flower was making good time as Cap- favorable winds on others, the weather making the Mayflower "a sweet ship." tain Jones set a course along the 42nd suddenly changed, as Captain Jones At dawn, 65 days out of Plymouth,

parallel, a position held with a cross- knew it inevitably would. The skies 97 from Southampton, the lookout staff, a crude device for measuring the turned leaden, gales howled out of the sighted the Cape Cod bluffs. "They were angle of elevation of heavenly bodies. northwest and cold rain pelted the ship. not a little joyfull," said Bradford. Turn- The bearing would intersect Cape Cod. "With many feirce stormes," said Brad- ing south, the Mayflower soon encoun- From there he intended to follow a ford, "the ship was shroudly (severely) tered shoals and heavy breakers. A fierce southwesterly course to Northern Vir- shaken, and her upper works made very wind threatened to drive them aground. ginia territory. It is not clear where the leakie." Then, like a cannon shot, a main They had run afoul of what was then Saints were bound, but historians make beam amidship cracked. Passengers and known as Tucker's Terrour, now Pollock a strong case for the mouth of Hudson's crew were terrified. The Mayflower Rip. Captain Jones had two choices: River, at the tip of what is today Man- seemed about to sink. The sagging beam circumvent the shoals by heading out to hattan Island, then in the Virginia terri- was buttressed with "a great iron scrue sea or, as was decided, make for the tory. Not until six years after the May- (screw)" which was intended for use in shelter of a safe harbor that Coppin (the flower voyage did the Dutch buy Man- homebuilding in the colony. Safe, the sailor who'd been there before) re- hattan Island at the mouth of the Hudson Mayflower plunged onward in heavy called was just inside Cape Cod. (A for a purported $24 in merchandise. seas. When still another storm hit, young popular notion says Jones reversed Despite their Plymouth resolve, Saints John Howland was washed overboard. course because he had been bribed by and Strangers soon were bickering again. He grabbed a line trailing from a yard- the Dutch to prevent colonization at The Saints tried to force "ye trueth" up- arm and was pulled aboard with a boat Hudson's River. Most historians dis- on the Strangers and were provoked hook. It was a miraculous rescue and (Continued on page 51)

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 ; —

VETERANS 111 W Iflf ^ I I I ll V ^ NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU APRIL 1970

TWO BriLS INTRODUCED IN CONGRESS widows who have the greatest need TO HELP RELIEVE PENSION LOSS those with little or no income other

CAUSED BY SOCIAL SECURITY RAISE: than their pensions . . . The VA esti- By far the largest amount of mail mates that one out of six veterans received in recent years by Ve terans receiving a pension under current law Newsletter concerns the new 15% has little or no income other than Social Security increase (which the pension ... In addition, about checks will be received this month) half of those veterans now receiving and its downward effect on VA pen- pensions have incomes of less than sions in 1971 due to present income $100 a month other than pension . . . One out of every seven widows on limitations . . . Government experts reckon some 1,230,000 pensioners, or the rolls has virtually no other roughly 69% of those now on pension source of income other than her rolls, will face a pension reduction widow's pension while half have in- next January if present income comes of less than $75 per month. limitations of $2,000 for a veteran Major aims of the proposed Senate or widow with no dependents and bill: to provide about an 8% in- $3,200 for a veteran or widow with crease to widows, veterans and or- dependents, are not increased. phans who have little or no income In almost all cases, while the other than their pension; to protect Social Security increase is g reater seven out of every ten pensioners than the decrease in the veterans from a decrease in pension due to pension, and there may be no net the increase in Social Security by loss of income, the veteran or widow raising income limitations and de- will still be denied the portion of leting the present 10% exclusion of Social Security increases other non- Social Security and certain other

veteran beneficiaries get . . . retirement income by substituting a Also, some borderline pensioners will higher, more equitable pension rate go off the rolls entirely while structure ... If enacted, this

others will suffer net losses . . legislation would provide about 90% Vets wonder why one government agency of VA pensioners with more pension gives and another takes, especially than they now receive and permit only if there is little or no benefit a slight reduction in pension for for them and perhaps some net loss those at the upper end of the scale . . . All this is compounded by what who have already received a sub- our inflationary economy does to pur- stantial increase in Social Security chasing power and fixed incomes. benefits. In February, two bills, one from Here are some examples of how the

each House of Congress, were intro- Senate bill would work . . . Illu s- duced to help alleviate the problem tration 1 A vet with no dependents . . . In the House, Rep. Olin E. who received a Social Security bene- league (Tex.), Chmn of the Veterans fit of $85.90 in December 1969 was Affairs Committee, introduced a bill eligible for a VA pension of $88, for to increase income limitations and a total monthly income of $173.90 dependency compensation limits to . . . His Social Security benefit $ 2, 300 for a veteran or widow with increased to $98.80, which meant his no dependents, and $3,500 for a vet- pension would be cut $4.00 in January eran or widow with dependents . . . 1971 bringing his total income to On the Senate side. Sen. Herman $182.80 . . . Under the Senate bill, Talmadge (Ga.) introduced a similar he'd get $188.80. bill with the respective limits of Illustration 2: A married veteran $2,300 and $3,600 . . . Both bills whose Social Security benefit in are generally in accord with a Legion December 1969 was $112.70 . . . His resolution emanating from its 1969 monthly veteran's pension of $103.00 Atlanta Nat'l Convention . . . The brought his total income to $215.70 Legion has long called for reform in . . . His Social Security went up to this area in order to bring equity $129.60 which called for his pension to the veteran. to be cut to $101.00 next January, The bills seek to increase pension making his total income $230.60. The benefits for those veterans and Senate bill would increase his pen-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 27 ;: , CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER

sion and allow the full Social Se- ties or on a fee basis at a private

curity increase so that his total dentist if necessary . . . Missing monthly income would be $239.60. teeth will not be replaced unless Illustration 5 A married vet with service-connected. Social Security benefits of $179.70 in December 1969 whose monthly pen- NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS WEEK sion was $84.00 for a total income of The week of May 17 is "National $263.70 . . . His Social Security Small Business Week," a period of went up to $206.70 thus forcing his time in which the nation's small VA pension—under current law— to businessmen— there are more than 5 drop to $75.00 bringing his total million of them—are honored for income to $281.70 . . . The new bill their contributions to the national would allow his pension to be re- economy . . . Ninety-five per cent duced only $1.00 and his total of all U.S. business is small . . . income would then be $289.70. It accounts for 35-40% of our $932 Illustration 4 A widow with one billion dollar gross national product child whose monthly Social Security and employs over 40% of our 81 mil- benefit in December 1969 was $106.00 lion civilian labor force . . . There and whose $83.00 widow's pension are today an estimated 1,500,000 brought her monthly income to $189.00 self-employed veterans of WW2 and the . . . Her Social Security went up to Korean War . . . The Legion's Eco- $122.00 which, under present law, nomic Committee has had a Subcommit- would drop her pension to $79.00 in tee on Small Business for over two January 1971 bringing her total in- years working with the SBA in an come to $201.00 . . . The Senate bill effort to assist vets to obtain loans would raise her pension to $85.00, . . . To find out how to get finan- allow her the full Social Security cial and managerial assistance, write she and level to which was entitled to the SBA' s Office of Publi c In- bring her total income to $207.00. formation, 1441 L Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20416, and ask for BILL INTRODUCED TO RAISE COMPEN- the free information pamphlet, SATION RATES FOR DISABLED VETS: 0PI-18A, "Business Loans for Vet-

( Sen. Herman E. Talmadge Ga. ) , Chmn erans" or visit any of SBA's 78 field of the Subcommittee on Veterans Leg- offices throughout the country. islation of the Senate Finance Com- mittee, has introduced a bill to BIOGRAPHY PUBLISHED ON LEGION increase the rates of compensation FOUNDER "WILD BILL" DONOVAN: payable to service-disabled veterans Just published is a biography on . . . Monthly rates for those now William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan—one receiving compensation from 10% to of America's most amazing personali- 90% would be increased about 11% ties . . . "Wild Bill" died in 1959, . . . Totally disabled veterans would but while alive carved out a big get monthly payments increased from niche in history as a soldier, poli- $400 to $450 . . . Other features tician, attorney, government official of the bill would increase family and diplomat, among other things dependency allowances payable to . . . He was one of the most deco- persons rated 50% or more disabled, rated soldiers ever to wear a uni- and under certain circumstances, form . . . The list of his medals be- would presume disabilities of former gins with the Congressional Medal of prisoners of war to be service-con- Honor . . . Donovan was also a nected unless the VA can convincingly Founder of the Legion ... He was prove otherwise ... If passed, chairman of the Organization Com- the bill would take effect in July. mittee at the Legion's Paris Caucus while serving as an officer with the GI'S SHOULD GET DENTAL WORK famous "Fighting 69th" during WWl

COMPLETED BEFORE DISCHARGE: . . . In WW2, the colorful "Wild If at all possible, a serviceman Bill" was director of the Office of about to leave the armed forces Strategic Services (O.S.S.), should get any needed dental work America's cloak-and-dagger organiza-

completed before discharge or release tion . . . Skillfully written by

from active service . . . With the biographer Corey Ford, the book is a exception of service-connected dental fascinating account of the life of

problems, the new veteran has only a great American . . . Ford himself six months in which to establish died shortly after completing the

eligibility for dental care on a one- book . . . Published by Little, Brown time completion basis at VA facili- and sells for $8.50 at bookstores.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 O F T H E AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS APRIL, 1970

treatment of a greater number of pa- Portland, Ore., Will Host tients and the activation of several new m.edical service units and intensive care Convention beds. Legion National The $69 million in additional funds for the and hospital program 28- medical 1970 conclave meets in the City of Roses Aug. will probably be reduced by $17 mil- Sept. 3; last met there in 1965; many convention lion as that amount may go for Wage Board salary increases for blue collar events already set; Oregon also will host Legion VA workers. Baseball World Series at Klamath Falls, Sept. 5-10. In March, this magazine reported that Rep. Olin E. Teague (Tex.), Chmn of The American Legion's 1970 Na- p.m.. Tues., Sept. 1. in the Grand Ball- the House Veterans Affairs Committee, Monal Convention will be held in Port- room, Portland Hilton Hotel. had told Congress that over $20 mil- land, Ore., Aug. 28-Sept. 3 with the • The National Headquarters staff of- lion worth of modern medical life- Portland Hilton Hotel as Headquarters fices will be at the Portland Coliseum. saving and life-prolonging equipment Hotel. • National Convention Director William was standing idle in VA hospitals for Here are some of the events, their Miller already has Convention Corpora- lack of money to hire and train operating dates, times and sites as now scheduled. tion Headquarters offices set up at the personnel and to construct facilities to the equipment. Presuma- Any changes which occur between now Masonic Temple, 1 1 19 S. W. Park Ave., accommodate and convention time will be noted in Portland, Ore. bly, some of the money will be car- these pages if time permits. • The Legion's National Baseball World marked to open these facilities. • Though pre-convention activities com- Series will be held in Klamath Falls, Two million dollars of the increase mence on Fri., Aug. 28, the actual Con- Ore., on the heels of the convention is to be set aside for medical and pros- vention sessions will be held at the Port- from Sept. 5-10. thetic research. New and largely success- land Coliseum on Sept. 1-2-3. ful combat casualty evacuation tech- • Standing commissions and committees niques have dramatically raised the per- National Membership Bulletin will meet Aug. 28-29 with most sessions centage of severely wounded combat vet- Legion membership the now set for the Portland Hilton Hotel. American erans who are brought back from Some groups such as the National Secur- for 1970 reached 2,187,089 on Feb. edge of death but who then require very of in ity Commission and Foreign Relations 13. This was an increase 23,036 lengthy recuperation periods and, Commissions are now scheduled to meet over the same date in 1969. The fig- many cases, newly created prosthetic at the Benson Hotel. ure was only 480.364 shy of equal- equipment to help alleviate their prob- • Convention commissions and com- ing the final 1969 total of 2,667,453. lems. Five departments reached their na- a detailed analysis of the 1971 mittees will also hold their meetings at Though were: it is the Portland Hilton and Benson Hotels tionally-assigned goal. They VA budget has not yet been made, on Aug. 30-31. North Dakota, Hawaii, the Philip- clear now that veterans medical and hos- pines, South Dakota and Minnesota. pital programs still face a long uphill • The Contest Supervisory Committee fight to maintain quality. Not only is in- will have its headquarters and meetings flation taking its toll here as elsewhere at the Masonic Temple at 1 1 19 S. W. VA's 1971 Budget in the economy, but the workload Park Ave., Portland, Ore. VA For the fiscal year 1971. the Veterans and the demand for its services increases • Preliminary contests will take place Administration has asked for $8.6 bil- as new veterans continue to return to Saturday and Sunday, Aug. 29-30. Sites lion in order to administer its programs civilian life at the rate of 70-75.000 per and times to be announced later. for veterans. This is an increase of $347 month. • The National Executive Committee of million over what was appropriated for the Legion will meet on Sun., Aug. 30, the current fiscal year which ends June at 2:00 p.m., at the Portland Hilton. 1970 Legion Oratorical Contests 30. • The National Convention Patriotic The American Legion's 33rd Annual and Memorial Service will be held Sun., On the face of it this seems like a National High School Oratorical Contest Aug. 30, at 4:30 p.m., in the Grand Ball- hefty raise, but about four-fifths of the Finals will be held at Westbury Senior room, Portland Hilton. entire budget is earmarked for cash High School, Houston, Tex., on April • The Legion National Drum & Bugle benefits to veterans and their dependents. 16 under the sponsorship of the Depart- Corps Championship Finals will be held These items are statutory or uncon- ment of Texas. Sunday evening, Aug. 30, at Civic Sta- trolled costs (fixed items). The remain- Prior to the finals were local, district, dium, formerly known as Multnomah ing one-fifth of the budget covers items state, regional and sectional elimination Stadium. which are controllable to a great degree, contests in which thousands of young • The National Convention Parade will such as personnel, construction and the high school students competed in hopes kick off at 11:00 a. m.. Mon. Aug. 31. medical and hospital programs. of reaching the nationals where $8,000 Its route is scheduled along Broadway The medical and hospital programs in Legion college scholarships awaits for about a mile with the reviewing are ticketed for slightly over $1.7 bil- along with the top honors. First prize is stand at the Portland Hilton Hotel. lion, up $69 million over 1970. It is $4,000; 2nd, $2,500; 3rd, $1,000 and • The Nat'l Commander's Dinner to Dis- intended to provide salaries for over 4th, $500. tinguished Guests will take place at 7:30 2,000 additional medical personnel, Here are the sites for the sectional

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 29 NEWS

contests which take place on April 13. Legion Honored 79 Employers During 1969 Sectional A: Merrimack Valley High School, Penacook, N.H.; Sectional B: For Hiring Handicapped and Older Workers Weir High School. Weirton, W.Va.; During 1969 American Legion cita- National Older Worker Citation. Awards Sectional C: Bismarck Junior College, tions for good employment practices are made by the Legion's Nat'l Eco- West Bismarck, N.Dak.; Sectional D: were awarded to 79 employers around nomic Commission. University of San Francisco, University the nation with 38 firms honored for Handicapped awards are usually made Center, San Francisco, Calif. their practices in hiring the handicapped in connection with the annual Employ and 41 for hiring older workers. the Handicapped Week and represent Involvement With Law Order & The national awards are made on a part of the Legion's participation in the calendar year basis following the recom- programs of the President's Committee mendation of the department organiza- on Employment of the Handicapped. tion of the Legion which nominates Older worker awards are usually made employers each year for the National- in conjunction with the Legion's Hire the Hiring-The-Handicapped award and the Older Worker Week.

State Handicapped A ward Older Worker Award

ALABAMA Continental-Moss Gordin, A. Nachman, Inc., Inc., Prattville Montgomery ALASKA The Anchorage Daily None Times. Anchorage Post 439, Jersey City, N.J., awards ARIZONA None Unidynamics Corp. Goodyear Post 439, Jersey City, N.J., honored 19 members of the force with Legion ARKANSAS None Lift Parts Mfg., Inc., L&O citations. Present were George West Memphis Whelan, Director of Police, and Past CALIFORNIA None None Dep't Cmdr Joseph P. Hanrahan, who COLORADO Lowery A. F. Base, Denver Mine and Smelter Supply spoke on the work the Police Dep'ts are Co , Denver doing and the meaning of the Legion CONNECTICUT Hartford Element Co., Inc. Kalart Co., Inc.. citations. In the photo are, 1. to rt.: Pa- Hartford Plainville trolmen R. McDonald and H. Soloway, Whelan, Post Cmdr Al Stomboni. and DELAWARE None None R. Schilg, L&O chmn. D. C. None Woodward and Lothrop FLORIDA None None GEORGIA Westview Cemetery, Inc. West End Child Atlanta Development Center, Atlanta HAWAII Interagency Board of Civil Sheraton Hawaii Corp. Service Examiners, U.S. Honolulu Civil Service Commission, Honolulu IDAHO Art Porter Printing, Glen L. Evans, Inc Rexburg Caldwell

ILLINOIS Uniroyal, Inc., Joliet National Biscuit Co., Cairo INDIANA None Hahn, Div. of Kearney- " National, Inc.. Evansville "... the finest expression of L&O. . . IOWA Curries Mfg. Co., Progressive Foundry, Windsor (Newburgh) Post 1796, Nen Mason City Inc.. Perry N.Y., gave certificates of commendation KANSAS BJ Mfg. Co., Inc., Renter Organ Co.. to some 32 men of New Windsor's po- Dodge City Lawrence lice and auxiliary police. In the photo, KENTUCKY Barney Miller's Radio and Cincinnati Ventilating 1. to rt., are Police Chief J. Coritz, Post Television Service, Co., Inc., Florence Cmdr J. Mohan, and Auxiliary Chief J. Tallarico. Lexington Post 1092, Niskayuna (Schenectady), LOUISIANA VA Hospital, Alexandria W. Hayward Creel, N.Y., presented plaques to Sgt. Leroy Contractor, Bogalusa Wyman and Ptl. Alpheus Smith, who MAINE L G. H. Bass Shoe Co., None rescued four persons from a downed air- Wilton plane in the Mohawk River north of Al- 2. Stanley Leen Co., bany Airport. With the aircraft half full Portland of water, the river running swift, and the MARYLAND Baltimore County Baltimore County weather bad, the two officers entered the MASSACHUSETTS None U. S. Trust Co., Boston plane. Officer Smith crawled into the air- MICHIGAN F. & E. Mfg, Flint None craft and released the co-pilot, who was wedged in his compartment. In the 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 NEWS

State Handicapped Award Older Worker Award MINNESOTA None Nutting Truck & Caster Co., Faribault

MISSISSIPPI MPI Industries, Inc. Superior Mills, Div. of Jackson Wonder Knit Pascagoula MISSOURI None None

MONTANA Midland Inc., Miles City Montana Lumber & Hardware Co., Lewistown NEBRASKA A. C. Nielsen Co., Lincoln Mary Lanning Hospital, Hastings NEVADA None Holmes & Narver, Inc., Rescue of four from a plane crash Las Vegas photo. Post Cmdr George McKim makes NEW HAMPSHIRE Hermsdorf Fixture Mfg. Allen-Rogers Corp.. the presentation to Officers Smith and Co., Inc., Manchester Laconia Wyman, as Police Chief Thomas Sims NEW JERSEY Metaframe Corp. S. E. & M. Vernon Corp., looks on. Maywood Div. of Mead Corp.. Elizabeth NEW MEXICO White Swan Laundry. Doran Chevrolet Co., Sante Fe Hobbs NEW YORK Syracuse University Food None Service, Syracuse NORTH CAROLINA American Enka Corp., Hickory Mfg. Co.. Enka Hickory NORTH DAKOTA None Home of Economy, Grand Forks OHIO Wright State University, Diamond Shamrock Dayton Corp., Painesville

OKLAHOMA Telex-Midwestern Western Maid Bakery, Scourge of criminals in Mass. Instruments, Tulsa Clinton Post 377, of Somerville, Mass., gave Co., Oregon Pine Co., OREGON Roseburg Lumber Eastern citations to Ptl. John Conway, Bernard Roseburg Lakeview Cotter, and William Daly. Conway and PENNSYLVANIA Penn Overall Supply Co., Wise Machine Co., Inc., Cotter were cited for disarming a man Inc., Pittsburgh Buder firing a rifle at a building, Daly for cap- RHODE ISLAND Rhode Island Ass'n for the Roger Williams General turing two burglars. In the photo, seated, Blind, Providence Hospital. Providence 1. to rt., are Ptl. Conway, Cotter and Day. Committee chairman Clifford Mc- SOUTH CAROLINA None None Quilken (left) and Post Cmdr Richard SOUTH DAKOTA Employment Security Sioux Falls YMCA. Mason flank Police Chief Thomas Office, Rapid City Sioux Falls O'Brien. TENNESSEE Andy Trotter Pontiac Co., Jeffrey Mfg., Div. of The Rhode Island Legion Dep't Law Chattanooga Jeffrey-Galion Mfg. Co., & Order Seminar was held at Riverside Morristown Post 10. Post Cmdr Walter McWeeney, the Governor's Advisory Officer on Fed- TEXAS 1. Meisel Photochrome 1 . Industrial Security Corp., Dallas Service Corp., Houston eral Police Aid, was the principal 2. Bryant Taxi, Inc., 2. Dunlap Sales and speaker. Talking about narcotics were Lubbock Service Co., San Antonio Atty. Gen. Herbert DeSimone, Ass't Atty. Gen. Robert Gammell, and Detec- UTAH Sargent Security Systems, Arnold Machinery Co., tive Carl Winquist of East Providence Ogden Inc., Salt Lake City P.D. Included was an exhibition of the VERMONT None None Providence Police Canine Corps. Two VIRGINIA Yellow Cab Co., Inc. Richmond-Petersburg Valor Medals, six Heroism Medals, 18 Danville Turnpike Authority, Citations, and 10 Certificates of Partici- Richmond pation were presented (including one to WASHINGTON None McCarthy Management Post 10 and one to Post 25, of Provi- Corp., Spokane dence). WEST VIRGINIA Helmick Foundry Machine The City Auto Service, Post 435, Waterloo, N.Y. (which, in- Co., Fairmont Pineville cidentally, played a part in the establish- ing of the fact that Waterloo was pro- WISCONSIN Chmel Dental Devere-Locke Div. of claimed a few years ago by the Congress Laboratories, Eau Claire Locke Mfg. Companies, as the birthplace of Memorial Day), gave Inc., Racine awards to two policemen: Matt Suborski WYOMING Radio Station KVOC, None and Harold Toombs, both of whom re- Casper tired recently after 30 years service. In

the picture are, 1. to rt.: Suborski; Post THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 31 NEWS

gave a citation to Chief Parsonson Police Dep't (a member of Post 1 11). (right). Traffic Div., LA Co.

Thirty years of crime fighting

435 Chaplain H. Jolley; Sgt. T. Cleere, of the N.Y. State Police, the MC; and Toombs. Post 6, New York County, N.Y., held Post 496, Lakewood, Calif., awards its third annual Police Achievement Night and honored Ptl. Francis Gargan Named Phoenix, Ariz., Policeman of of the iOth Prec. and Ptl. Ronald Cor- the Year was Detective Robert Weed bett of the 6th Prec. with Certificates (right in picture). Holding the award

of Achievement. Ptl. Gargan has been badge and plaque listing former award Post 264, N.Y.: ceramics oven gift cited by the Police Dep't on five occa- recipients are Post 1 Cmdr Wally Sem. An electric ceramics oven was a gift of the Phoenix Police Force; Police from Post 264, Tonawanda, N.Y., to the Chief Larry Wetzel; and Earl O'Clair, Buffalo VA Hospital at a cost of $450. chief of State Driver License Bureau and In the photo. 1. to rt., are E. Francisco, the post's first award recipient in 1936. last year's Post Cmdr; Lois Quesnell. Wetzel and O'Clair are Post 1 members. Unit 264 President; Mrs. Margaret Luke. Unit Rehab Chmn; and Dr. H. Fineberg. Hospital Director. Glenwood Landing, N.Y., Post 336 Post 6, New York, gives L&O awards. contributed $ 1 ,420 toward the transpor- sions for outstanding service. Ptl. Cor- tation of 76 North Shore H.S.band mem- bett shot and killed his prisoner when bers to Syracuse Univ. for one week's attacked while arresting the intruder on training in instruments and band march- a fire escape. Shown in the photo (front

row) are, 1. to rt.: Rev. Fr. T. Gibbons;

Police Inspector 3rd Div. E. Donnelly; Post 1, Ariz.: Policeman of the Year

Ptl. Gargan; 1 0th Prec. Capt. D. O'Con- In Boston, Mass., the Suffolk Co. nell; A. Pratt, PCC, chmn; and Post Council gave Boston's Police Commis- Cmdr E. Carpenter. sioner. Edmund McNamara, the L&O Citation at the Berkeley St. Police Hq.

In the photo, 1. to rt.: Joseph Walker, Council cmdr; McNamara; and Arthur Barry, Jr., the Council's L&O chmn. Post 336, N.Y.: aid to music makers ing. In the photo Post Cmdr Arthur Stein, left, and Lawrence Byrne, Com- munity Service chmn, turn the check over to Band Director Bennett Lentzner. For the 14th year, the post gave two $500 scholarships to graduates.

Post 41, La Grange, 111., got two large pages in the town newspaper for a his- Post 154, N.Y.: Law & Order dinner tory of the post and photos of its leading Post 154, Elmira Heights, N.Y., hon- members through the years. The post is ored Police Chief Lloyd Roberts and Sgt. composed entirely of WWl members. Burt Bush. Guest speaker was Frank Coffey, Dep't Chmn of the Legion's L&O Committee, and a Special Agent Super- visor in the New York Office of the FBL The picture shows Coffey presenting awards to Roberts and Bush. Honoring the Deputies of the Traffic Div., Post 496, Lakewood, Calif., gave a plaque on which were inscribed the Post 111, Mo., gives Certificate names of all the Deputies of the Los An- Post 117, Boston, Mass., gave a Defibril- geles Co. Sheriff's Sub Station of Lake- Post 111, Shrewsbury, Mo., via Past lator to the Soldiers Home of Chelsea. Its saved several lives in the first wood. In the photo. Post Cmdr Vern Cmdr Joe Bisher (left in photo) gave a use weeks. From left: Post Cmdr Lee Nelson; Martin presents the plaque to Paul Stro- certificate of recognition to Officer Wil- Chmn J. Kaplan, PC; Commandant J. ham. station commander. Martin also lard Dunn of the Webster Groves, Mo., Quigley; and S. Winograd, retiring Cmdr.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 NEWS

JOHN ANDERSON. IIREVARD, N.C. Poppies and What They Mean The patients get part of the proceeds for their work. For many of the hospital- What is the origin and purpose of the ized veterans who make the poppies, it annual poppy sale by veterans' organiza- is their only chance to earn money and tions? it is occupational therapy, too. The idea of using the poppy as a sym- From the sale of the paper poppies bol for fund raising to assist needy vet- has a large proportion of the re- erans and their families comes directly come lief the from the poem, "In Flanders fields the and welfare funds of Legion and poppies blow, Between the crosses, row Auxiliary at all levels. It's a strictly non- ." Hospital Fund Gets $5,000 profit operation. Those who sell them on on row. . . It was composed by a Canadian officer. Col. John McRae, who The "Fund For Your Life" the streets are volunteers, working with- was killed in WWl. Campaign of the Transylvania out pay, and so are those who get them As a symbolic memorial for the war Community Hospital in Brevard, from hospital bedsides and distribute dead, the poppy has underlined the N.C, has received $5,000 as a gift them to veterans' posts and units for plight of those men who did not die but from Post 88. The trustees of the sale. Most poppy funds stay in the lo- returned permanently disabled. Thus, post view the gift as an investment calities where they are raised, to be used the paper poppies, made by disabled in the community—the urgent for local veterans' relief work. Each local servicemen, honor the dead and assist need for a modern hospital of suf- unit sends a small percentage of the re- the living victims of the war. Funds re- ficient size justifying a worthwhile ceipts to its state and national organiza- alized from poppy sales are utilized for contribution in the name of the tion for use in rehabilitation and child relief work among needy veterans and Legion post. In the photo, 1. to welfare work. rt.: Disher, their families. The story of the poppy Charles Raymond Ben- At present, about 25 million Ameri- effort, Auxiliary nett, Ralph Ramsey, Jr., chairman an American Legion cans wear poppies each May in tribute project, is told in detail in a Poppy Book- of the Advance Gifts division of to the war dead, contributing nearly $2 let, available from the Auxiliary, 777 N. the Hospital, and Eben Morrow. million for the rehabilitation and well- Meridian St., Indianapolis, Ind. 46204, being of disabled veterans. at 20 cents a copy. Poppy Day throughout the country is Wearing poppies in honor of the war adopted the poppy as a memorial flower. usually observed during the week be- dead, reports the Auxiliary, first oc- The Georgia delegation took the idea fore Memorial Day. In some communi- curred in New York City on November to the national Legion Convention in ties, however, it is observed on Armistice 9, 1918. A YMCA staff worker, Miss Cleveland, Ohio, that year and the poppy Day or other dates, according to local Moina Michael of Athens, Ga., distrib- was adopted as the national memorial customs. uted poppies to a group of men attend- flower of the organization. Traditionally, there has never been ing the 25th conference of her organiza- At the first National Convention of any price fixed for the poppy. Donations tion. the Auxiliary in 1921 in Kansas City, of any amount are acceptable, because In June 1919, the homecoming of the the as the Auxil- Mo., poppy was adopted the basic purpose is to offer America an 32nd Div. in Milwaukee, Wis., marked flower. iary's memorial Miss Michael opportunity to honor the war dead and the beginning of the Auxiliary's poppy later with was decorated the Auxiliary's assist the living. program. A coffee and doughnut booth Distinguished Service Medal for her decorated with paper poppies was idea. Legion Five-Ambulance Service stripped of its floral ornaments twice, During this same period the poppy and the passers-by who took the poppies also became the memorial flower of the A volunteer ambulance service to the left contributions on the counter. Sev- British Legion. Other American veter- community that involves over 100 men eral hundred dollars was contributed for ans organizations followed the Legion and five ambulances is the work of Post the benefit of disabled veterans. and the Auxiliary in the adoption. 401, of Owego, N.Y. Starting on Jan. 1, One of the women in the booth, Mrs. Nationwide distribution of memorial 1958, with two, the project's five Cadil- Mary Hanecy, proposed that distributing poppies was begun by the Legion and the lacs now serve Owego and most of Tioga poppies on the streets at the time of Me- Auxiliary in 1921. Silk poppies made in Co. From a total of 192 calls answered morial Day would be an excellent way France by French widows and orphans in 1958 the volunteers responded to 671 for raise American Legion posts to were among the first used. In 1922 the in 1969. money needed for rehabilitation work. first American poppies were produced The ambulances are white with gold She presented her idea to George F. by veterans in Minnesota hospitals. Now lettering and carry the most modern Plant, a member of Post 1, Milwaukee. poppies are made in more than 80 hos- equipment, including a two-way radio The post conducted a poppy distribution pitals and disabled veterans' workshops hook-up with the County Sheriff's Office. on the Saturday before Memorial Day, in 40 states. Each is a part of County Civil Defense. 1920. Post 1 distributed 50,000 poppies and netted $5,500 during this first regu- larly conducted Poppy Day on record. Mrs. Henecy was awarded a Cer- tificate of Merit during the Auxiliary's Nat'l Convention in Portland, Ore., in 1932 for her Poppy Day idea. Meanwhile, when Moina Michael re- turned to her home in Georgia during the summer of 1 920 she got Legionnaires interested in wearing poppies as an an- nual memorial to the war dead. The

Dep't of Georgia at its 1920 convention The community ambulance aid that Post 401, Owego, N.Y., offers lias five units. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 33 —

NEWS

Operating monc\ is raised primarily Beach, a former director of South Da- through an annual subscription drive kota Boys State, has been established by throughout most of Tioga Co. The fee the family and friends of the late Mr. is $5 per family per year and entitles all Beach. A member of the first SD Boys dependent members of the family to free State in 1940 and named Outstanding transportation to any local hospital as Citizen that year. Beach, an attorney, many times as required. A normal cam- died at 45. paign will raise about $12,000 with which to operate and purchase new Three TV sets were a gift of the Dep't equipment during the year. of Pennsylvania to the Lebanon VA Hos- In the photo are. 1. to rt.: C. Tyler. W. pital. In the photo with one of the sets Standard. C. Spaulding, R. Taylor, and are, 1. to rt., Dep't Cmdr Henry Woods; R. Kretch. Dr. Harris, the hospital chief of staff; and A. Heilman. v-c, hospital entertain- For 25 years of service to the Legion Anti-Smut Group Asks Help ment committee. Morality In Media, Inc., an anti-smut Nat'l Cmdr J. Milton Patrick, center in g'oup of leaders in industry, religion, photo, on behalf of the Legion's Los An- unions, public office, etc.. has designated geles, Calif., County Council, presented the month of May for a concerted effort to Stanley Spero (left), vice president and to arouse community expression against general manager of radio station KMPC, all forms of pornography. The group, a plaque, inscribed "'in recognition and which considers pornography a direct appreciation of gratuitous service to The facili- stepping stone to narcotics use. asks all American Legion by extending its clergymen to preach sermons on the sub- ties for an uninterrupted weekly pro- ject of media misuse on the first Satur- gram—The American Legion Salute day or Sunday in May. It also asks in- for 25 consecutive years." County Cmdr (right) invited dividuals to visit their clergymen per- Mynard Nordquist had Pennsylvania gift to Lebanon VA Hosp. sonally to request this. Information the Nat'l Commander to make the pres- entation. affiliate of West about the organization and sermon out- An Golden POSTS IN ACTION lines prepared by a minister, a priest, a Broadcasters, with Gene Autry as board rabbi, and a Greek Orthodox priest are chairman, the system was given a Nat'l available. Write, enclosing a stamped, Fourth Estate Award at the Legion's self-addressed envelope, to Morality In 1965 Nat'l Convention. In another pres- Media. 1256 Lexington Ave., New York, entation, Past Dep't Cmdr Alfred P. N.Y. 10028. Chamie turned over a check for $5,000 from the Legion's Hollywood Canteen BRIEFLY NOTED Fund, through the LA County Council, to the Department rehabilitation pro- gram. Chamie is vice president and ex- ecutive secretary of the Assoc. of Mo- tion Picture and TV Producers of Amer- ica.

III health has caused the retirement of Post 205, Kenmore, N.Y., and VFW Post a legendary Legionnaire, Hermann A. 2472 united in a resolution in support of Wenigc. 87, of Jeffersonville, Ind. A the President's policy in Vietnam and WWl vet and publisher, editor, and re- wrote a joint letter telling him so. In porter, he has served as service officer the photo at Memorial Hall, Tonawanda, which both veterans groups share, are for his years), city, and post (45 county the two present post commanders. (23 years). His Post 35 newspaper three Wisconsin honors Judge Larson times won first place as the nation's best Post 14, St. Petersburg, Fla., has for for a post of under 2,000 members. A Dep't of Wisconsin Resolution (1969) the third straight year been awarded the honored County Judge Charles L. Lar- Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge son for his outstanding conduct in the George Washington Honor Medal for trial of 13 who in June 1968 invaded the Milwaukee draft offices, took the records, and burned them in a veterans' park across from the draft board offices in downtown Milwaukee. After a lengthy trial, all 13 were found guilty and sentenced by Judge Larson to long terms in the state prison. Judge Larson, In Watertown, Wis., in the 2nd District Bowling Tournament, the competitors in- at left in the photo, a Past Nat'l Execu- cluded, I. to rt.: V. Grosenick, Dep't VC; tive Committeeman and Past Dep't J. Model, District Cmdr; G. Thompson, Cmdr. accepts a copy of the resolution District VC; & H. Renard, District VC. from Jerome Host. Past Alt. Nat'l Exec. Committeeman and Past Department A Legion Boys State scholarship of

Commander. over $2,000, in memory of Chandler L. Post 14, Fla.: an award and a gift 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 NEWS

102nd (July) MiUliell, 2 McKay Rd., pa- Ruffin C. Godwin, of New Bern, N.C., Div— Abt an outstanding program promoting Bethel, Conn. 06801 triotism and good citizenship. The award a Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr (1960-61) who 103rd C.A. Trans Det— (June) Ray Broussard, 6629 Madison, Groves, Tex. 77619 is for campaigns on Knowing Your had held several posts in the Legion and 106th Div— (July) Robert Holden, 2902 Middle Order, and Get Out was the U.S. Employment Representa- Rd., Bettendorf, Iowa 52722 Candidate, Law & 106th & 121st Cav— (June) Raymond McGee, the Vote. The post made a recent gift tive for North Carolina. 107 W. Franklin, Urbana, 111. 61801 108th FA, Bat C (WW2)— (July) Edwin Snyder, of $500 to the All Children's Hospital, 1269 Liberty St., Franklin, Pa. 16323 Va., 111th Inf, Co C (WW2)— (June) Edward Ellis, it established. In the photo, 1. to Boyd B. Stutler, of Charleston, W. which 321 Clearfield Ave., Norristown, Pa. 19401 managing editor of The American rt., George Barnett, Post Cmdr. hands 152nd Inf, 1st Bn (WW2)— ( July) James Corley, Legion Magazine for several years; for- 215 Lafayette St., New Albany, Ind, 47150 check to J. R. Jeflferies, Hospital Admin- 157th Inf, Co G— (July) Lloyd Peele, 1019 8th in istrator. eign correspondent for the magazine Ave., Longmont, Colo. 80501 161st Inf— (Apr.) W. C. Pittson, 909 N.E. 55th, WW2 in the Pacific Theater, an aide to Seattle, Wash. 98105 Robert five National Commanders, and a former 164th Inf Anti-tank & Tank Co— (July) PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Keller, 804 Birch Ave., Harvey, N. Dak. 58341 West Virginia Dep't Adjutant. 168th MP Co— (June) Paul Snyder, Box 253, Legionnaires Rufus H. Wilson and London Mills, 111. 61544 207th Combat Eng Bn, Co C— (July) Robert OIney B. Owen, named to new Veterans Joseph J. Hannemann, of Denver, Colo., Muenchen, 8126 MaxfieldLa.. Cincinnati, Ohio Administration posts by Administrator 45243 Secretary of the Distinguished Guests 228th Sta Hosp— (July) Kenneth Warner, 532 Affairs Donald E. Johnson, of Veterans Committee and an active participant in- N. Main St., Bellefontaine. Ohio 43311 Legion Past Nat'l Cmdr. Wilson, former 257th MP Co— (July) J. B. McGregor, Jr.. 411 volving Distinguished Guests at National Highland Dr., Indianola, Miss. 38751 Director, becomes an As- 300th Eng Bn (C)— (June) Ernest Youas^, 7615 Chief Benefits Conventions for many years. Oak Hedge PI., Austin, Tex. 7874^, is the soc. Deputy Administrator. Owens 317th Inf Reg't, Co F— (July) Cliailes Huck. new Chief Benefits Director. Wilson was 504 Welland Dr., Cincinnati. Ohio 45238 Thomas Nolan Touchstone, Sr., 75, of 337th Inf— (July) William Mitchell, 2332 21st recently honored as Veteran of the Year Jackson, Miss., Past Dep't Cmdr (1947- St., Akron, Ohio 44314 339th Inf Reg't (WW2)— (July) Charles Isely, by the Joint Veterans Committee of 48). Jr., P.O. Box 3312, Clearwater Beach, Fla. Maryland. 33515 347th FA Bn, HQ Bat (WW2)— (June) Dale POSTS Marchbanks, P.O. Box 65, Oswego. Kans. NEW 67356 C. B. Gilbertson, of Watertown, S. Dak., The American Legion has recently 471st Ambulance Co (WW2) — (Apr.) Jim Lamia, honored during a banquet by the Dep't 4147 Garvey Dr., Mehlville, Mo. 63129 chartered the following new posts: 471st Eng Maint Co— (June) Anthony DiCroce. of South Dakota and Codington County 301 Seneca Pkwav, Rochester, N.Y, 14613 Bourgeois-Steiftel-Ray Post 77, Wave- Charles Eling, Post 17 for his 39 years of service as the 504th MP Bn (WW2)— (July) land, Miss.; Harrison Brothers Post 316, 1548 West St., Cincinnati, Ohio 45215 Dep't Finance Officer. He resigned at .'>36th Amphib Tractor Bn— (June) Douglas Greenville, Tex.; Daves East Post 326. Samford, 1420 W. Panola, Carthage, Tex. last year's Dep't Convention. Arkoma, Okla.; Americal Post 98, Trout 75633 537th Eng LP Co— (June) Hjalmer Hokanson, Run, Pa. Watkins. Minn. 55389 James H. Hoover, of Harlansburg, Pa., 541st Ord HM Co FA (WW2)— (July) Harold Mcintosh, 23702 Bower Cascade PI.. Diamond a Spanish-American War vet, honored Bar, Calif. 91766 OUTFIT REUNIONS (July) ArnoldLundi, at a dinner on his 100th birthday. 573rd AAA AW Bn, Bat C— Reunion will be held in month indicated. 31910 Dickerson Rd., Willowick, Ohio 44094 For particulars write person whose address is .591st FA Bn, Bat A— (Aug.) Joseph Meola, 12 given. Meola Rd., Congers, N.Y. 10920 ("Spider") Director Maurice T. Webb, Notices accepted on official forms only. For 601st Ord Bn— (Apr.) Carl Eckhardt, 8511 Aus- of the Legion's Nat'l Americanism Com- form send stamped, addressed return envelope tin Ave., Morton Grove, 111. 60053 to O. R. Form, American Legion IVIagazine, 614th Ord Ammo Co— (May) George Gabor, mission, resigning because of ill health. 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. Box 124, Slickville, Pa. 15684 10019. Notices should be received at least five 693rd Eng, BE Co (WW2)— (July) George Cozad, Art R. Tyner, Jr., Dep't Adjutant of months before scheduled reunion. No written 412 Anderson St., Sandusky, Ohio 44870 Oklahoma, succeeds him. The new Okla- letter necessary to get form. 712th Tank Bn— (July) James Cary, 10400 Earliest submission favored when volume of Crestmoor Dr., Silver Spring, Md. 20901 is has homa Adjutant C. J. Wright, who requests is too great to print all. 748th Eng Base Equip Co— (June) Jared John- son, 1733 Asbury Ave.. Evanston, 111. 60201 been the Aide to Nat'l Cmdr J. Milton ARMY 776th Tank Dest Bn (WW2)— (July) Alfred Patrick. Gortmaker, 417 E. Oakland, Rapid City, S. 1st Minnesota & 135th Inf— (May) Joseph Heck. Dak. 57701 6206 ChowenAve.N., Minneapolis, Minn. 55429 2nd, 19th, 33rd, 408th & HQ Sqdns— (July) Jack DEATHS Jones, 2476 Sierra Dr., Upland, Calif. 91786 3rd Cml Bn (WW2)— (July) Ellis Morgan, RR 1. Brandenburg, Ky. 40108 American Legion Life Insurance 4th Eng (June) Carl Clevis Copeland, 55, of Little Rock, — Jones, Birchwood, Wis. IVIonth Ending Jan. 31, 1970 54817 Ark., a member of the Legion's Nat'l 9fh Arm'd Eng— (July) Frank Smith, 112 Jack- Benefits paid Jan. 1-Jan. 31, 1970 $ 110,021 Publications Commission. He was pub- son St., Oswego, 111. 60543 Benefits paid since April 1958 8,258,276 9th & 10th Cav— (July) Albert Bly, P.O. Box Basic Units in force (number) 163,913 lic relations manager for the Farms Un- 15051, Kansas City, Mo. 64106 New Applications approved since nth Eng—(May) Joseph Boyle, 199 Ocean Ave., Jan. 1, 1970 1,185 ion Life Insurance Co. and was formerly Jersey City, N.J. 07305 New Applications rejected 146 public relations director for the Legion's 11th Evac Hosp (WW2)— (June) John Hopkins, 114 S. Colby St., Algona, Iowa 50511 American Legion Life Insurance is an official Arkansas Dep't. 13th Corps— (July) Dr. Milton Cummins, 1907 program of The American Legion, adopted by Sweet Water La., Richmond, Va. 23229 the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is decreasing term insurance, issued on applica- 19th Sta Hosp (Persian Gulf Cmd)— ( July) Tony Herbert R. Mooney, of Columbus, Ohio, Genova, 1060 MacArthur Dr., Alexandria, La. tion to paid-up members of The American 71301 Legion subject to approval based on health and Past Dep't Cmdr (1926-27). 2.3rd Eng Bn (WWl)— (May) Roy Hopkins, P.O. employment statement. Death benefits range Box 822, Yakima, Wash. 98901 from $11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in 36th Eng (c) Gp, Band & H&S Co— (July) decreasing steps with age to termination of George W. Ayars, 72, of Dover, Del., Michael Ringo, 1235 Catasauqua Rd., Fuller- insurance at end of year in which 75th birth- ton, Pa. 18052 day occurs. Quoted benefit includes 15', Past Dep't Cmdr (1944-45). 38th Inf, Co A (WW2)— (July) Charles Reber, "bonus" in excess of contract amount. For 236 N. Franklin St., Lancaster, Pa. 17602 calendar year 1970 the 15 'r "across the board" 42nd Div— (July) Elmer Cook, 16 Corlies Ave., increase in benefits will continue to all partici- Paschal C. Reese, 71, of West Palm Eatontown, N.J. 07724 pants in the group insurance plan. Available in 45th Gen Hosp— (May) Frank Zahemski, 244 half and full units at a flat rate of $12 or $24 a Beach, Fla., Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr (1962- Maryland Ave., Paterson, N.J. 07503 year on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during first year at or $2 a month for insurance and Past Dep't Cmdr (1948-49), 50th Eng, Co A— (July) Edwin Barkman, Box the $1 63) 67, Payson, Ariz. 85541 approved after January 1. Underwritten by two 70th Div— (June) Clinton Kruse, P.O. Box 42, commercial life insurance companies. American Topeka, Kans. 66601 Legion Insurance Trust Fund is managed by Ed R. Bentley, of Lakeland, Fla., Nat'l 75th Div— (July) Harold Baker, 8636 Centralia, trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. No other insurance may use the full words Cmdr's Representative on the Military Dearborn Heights, Mich. 48127 78th Div— (July) John Ghegan, 341 10th St., "American Legion." Administered by The Affairs Committee of the Nat'l Security Apt. 9K, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11215 American Legion Insurance Department, P.O. 79th AAA Reg't— (July) Richard Morris, 2364 Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, to which Commission. Neeb Rd., Cincinnati, Ohio 45238 write for more details. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 35 ::

817th TD Bn— (June) Theodore Warner, 280 89th Tp Carrier Wing— (May) Office of Infor- Benjamin E. Niezgodski (1969), Post 357, Hastings Ave., Buffalo, N.Y. 14215 mation, Air Force Electronic Systems Div., South Bend, Ind. 3424 Ord— (July) Clint Wiseman, 3525 N. Cen- Hanscom Field, Mass. 01730 Robert F. Prunty and Dr. William Rankin tral Ave., Chicago. 111. 60634 359th Air Serv Sqdn— (July) Robert Palmer, and William R. Sheridan and Leo P. Tigue (all Army Serv Cmd, C, HQ Co— (July) Joseph 1001 Cahill, Cheyenne, Wyo. 82001 1969). Post 41, Keokuk. Iowa. Breitenbach. 917 Hamilton St., Carlisle, Pa. 384th Bomb Gp— (July) Frank Celentano, P.O. Willard D. Archie and Villum E. C. Bang 17013 Box 766, Wall Street Sta., New York, N.Y. and Loran J. Moorhead (all 1969), Post 88. Persian Gulf Cmd— (July) George Andres, Box 10005 Shenandoah, Iowa. 1212, Coolidge, Ariz. 85228 386th Ftr Sqdn— (July) Charles Johnson, 6 James D. Gunderson (1962) and Kenneth L. Helena Dr., Cromwell, Conn. 06416 Asa and Darwyn R. Harshbarger (both 1969), NAVY 444th Bomb Sqdn— (July) E. L. Morgan, 202 Post 138, Waterloo. Iowa. Elmwood Circle, 20th Seabees— (June) Ray Crimmins, Aquarium Smyrna, Ga. 30080 Mike Gessner and Henry F. Haerther and of Cape Cod, West Yarmouth, Mass. 487th Bomb Gp— (July) Russell Grantham, August Janssen and John Meland (all 1969), 30th Seabees— (May) James Curran, 85 Cedar 10798 St. Charles Rock Rd., St. Ann, Mo. Post 167, Newhall, Iowa. St., Springfield, Mass. 01105 Everett H. Kruckenberg (1965) and Henry O. Cape May Sect. Base & Wissahickon Bks— (June) MISCELLANEOUS Hoffmeier and August Horman and Walter Klipp (all Post 366, Lowden, Iowa. Art Jordan, 6725 Ridge Ave., Apt. 311, Phila- Los Alamos Vets (Manhattan Proj. Men and 1969), DeVries Albert Dochnahl and delphia, Pa. 19128 Women, WW2 & immediately after) (June) Ted and M. 785 447 Broad — Henry Duin and Bert Groenwold (all 1969), LST — (July) Don Dalessandro, Winston Dabney, P.O. Box 663, Los Alamos, St.. Wadsworth, Ohio 44281 N. Mex. 87544 Post 404, George, Iowa. Nat'l Shore Patrol— (June) Russ Kelley. Rt. 1, Marshall Gardiner and Bertrand E. Glass- Sino-American Co-op Org (SACO) — (July) G. 49301 Gronis J. Ada, Mich. Alexander Hays, 321 Grant St., Sewickley, cock and John D. and Weldon Hahn Shore Patrol, 6th Naval Dist (WW2)— (July) Pa. 15143 and Arthur I. Homer (all 1969), Post 23, James Bigham, 21 Bradley Blvd., Greenville, Leavenworth, Kans. S.C. 29609 Oscar W. Wiesman (1969), Post 180, St. USS AUentovvn {PF52)— ( July) Donald Miller, Matthews, Ky. 1229 Cleveland St., Lockport, 111. 60441 Rahma Pratt and James D. Smith and Rufus USS Archerfish (SS311)— ( July ) Carl Wilken, COMRADES IN DISTRESS H. Sproul and WilUs G. Strout and Fred W. 1516 Central Ave., Sandusky, Ohio 44870 Swendsen (all 1968), Post 62, Westbrook, Maine. Readers who can help these USS Benham (DD397)— (Aug.) Allen Arnold, veterans are Daniel E. Lambert (1969), Post 98, Brewer, 510 E. Main St., Havelock, N.C. 28532 urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed Maine. ( Bailey, in support of a VA claim. USS Density ( AM218)— July) LaVeme Maurice R. Parisien (1969), Post 129, Wood- 1513 Bradford Dr., Irving, Tex. 75060 Notices are run only at the request of Ameri- fords, Maine. USS Hugh W. Hadley (DD774)— (May ) Hunter can Legion Service Officers representing Elbridge Crovvder and Peter Eshmont and Robbins, Jr., 235 MacArthur Blvd., Oak- claimants, using Search W. For Witness Forms Clifford Gallagher and Charles E. Ripple (all land, Calif. 94611 available only from State Legion Service 1969), Post 38, Baltimore, Md. 561— (July) Howard AUgood, 133 Officers. USS LCI (G) Philip Liftman and Edgar Malcolm and Tallwood. Talmadge, Ohio 44278 Vernie Pooler and Joseph Struzziero (all 1969), USS Leviathan (WWl)— (Apr.) Lincoln Hed- 14th Arm'd Div, 25th Tank Bn, Co D (Jan. 10, Post 89, Stoughton, Mass. lander, 45 E. Putnam Ave., Greenwich, Conn. 1945, 7th Army Combat Area, Rittershott'en Arthur Roche and Edward Ross and Dennis 06830 European Th.) Information needed from — Shea and George Varris and Rev. Robert USS Louisville (CA28)— ( July) Vernon Mat- any comrade who can verify claim of James White (all 1969), Post 99, Watertown, Mass. hews, 6323 Bluebell Ct., Indianapolis, Ind. W. Kimbley that his back was injured as a Francis N. (both 46224 result of a slip on front slope of an M5 tank Harold C. Harthan and Luce USS LST 177— (July) Warren Voorhees, 204 while taking cover from artillery barrage. 1968) and Robert E. Chapman and Howard B. Tenafiy Rd., Englewood, N.J. 07631 Need to hear from 1st Sgt Oldinsky, Sgt Cutler (both 1969), Post 204, West Boylston, USS Massachusetts— (June) Robert Grimes, 75 Craig, Post, Germano, Gilliland, Eagley, Mc- IVIdSS. T. Federal St., Boston, Mass. 02110 Laren and Morreti. Write "CD 29, American Richard Merdzinski (1969), Post 459, Grand Rapids, Mich. USS Pensacola (CA24)— ( J une ) Donald Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, O'Brien, 14725 Turlington Ave., Harvey, 111. New York, N.Y. 10019" Jacob E. Berg and R. W. Forsberg (both

1969) , Post 49, Pequot Lakes, Minn. USS Philadelphia (CL41)— ( July ) Frank Amoro- Berlin, Germany (1946-48) —Need information son, 93 Dunbar St., Somerset, N.J. 08873 from anyone who knows of jeep accidents Gather L. Hodges and Tony Obranovic, Jr. USS South Dakota (BB57)— ( July) Ray Kanoff, (with a resulting nervous condition) involv- (both 1969), Post 525, St. Louis, Mo. 302 N. 14th St., Norfolk, Neb. 68701 ing Olin B. Kilby. Need particularly to hear William R. Albrecht and Richard B. Diehl from Sgts. Bartelt and Tomlinson, Captain and Harold Eaton and John H. Plumbo (all AIR Hopkins, and civilian Sichel. Write to "CD 1969), Post 59, Morristown, N.J. Thodore Busch and John Fimk and Frank 13th Air Depot (July) Carl Herbig, 609 30, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of Gp— the Americas, 10019" Irish and Ronnel Ranf and Gustave Wiet- Western Union Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. 30303 New York, N.Y. hueghter (all 1968), Post 97, Auburn, N.Y. 45th & 143rd Aero Sqdns, A.S.S.C. (WWl)— Robert O. Lee and Fortunato M. Leone and (May) Samuel Paul, 540 E. Graver La., Charles Philadelphia, Pa. 19118 Mayer and Edward E. Nathan and Leo F. Pardell (all 1969), Post 391, Brooklyn, LIFE MEMBERSHIPS N.Y. Stanley Furmanski (1969), Post 1113, Whites- The award of a life membership to a Legion- THE AMERICAN LEGION boro, N.Y. naire by his Post is a testimony by those who N.\TIONAL HEADQUARTERS Victor P. Kostuk and C. Privett (both know him best that he has served The Ameri- LeRoy DECEMBER 31, 1959 can Legion 1969), Post 1545, Eastport, N.Y. ASSETS well. Below are listed some of the previously un- Raymond F. Bennett and W. B. Head, Sr. and Vella A. Parker (all Post Brevard, published life membership Post awards that 1969), 88, N.C. 163,112.17 have been reported to the editors. They are 514,896.16 arranged by States or Departments. Philip Leintz and Fred Meland and August 3.797,517.79 Muscha and Rudolpli Peterson and John Pfiefle Trust Funds Glenn R. Compton and Kay Compton and (all 1969), Post 28, Harvey, N. Dak. E. Hemsing Overseas Graves Decoration Francis C. Osborn (all 1968), Post 3, Flagstaff, Sidney Felber and Martin and Trust Fund 306,024. .S9 Ariz. Glen E. Mark and Elmer Martinson (all 1968), Employees Retirement Edward J. Fenwick (1969), Post 184, Redondo Post 139, Tioga, N. Dak. Trust Fund 4,693,085.13 4,999,109.72 Beach, Calif. C. O. Gibson and R. H. White and B. A. Improved Real Stephen B. Picelich and Leon E. Tubbs and Wolfe (all 1969), Post 21, Athens, Ohio. Estate 821, .'521. 81 Edwin D. Walker (all 1969), Post 276, Los Fred C. Shanaman and Edwin A. Simmons Less : -Accumulated Angeles, Calif. and Ralph E. Spotts and Ellis E. Stern, Sr. and Depreciation ....263,163.41 558,358.40 Fletcher Gomillion (1969), Post 5, Tampa, Charles H. Thompson (all 1969), Post 64, Fimded Depreciation Fla. Coatesville, Pa. (Securities & Cash) 263,163.41 821,521.81 Dale A. Despain (1969), Post 514, Piedmont, George M. Mordan and Elwood M. Reese Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 330,316.16 Calif. and Clyde Roadarmel (all 1969), Post 273, 84,553.40 Edgar A. Cantrell (1969), Post 636. Boron, Bloomsburg, Pa. 814,324,707.46 Calif. John Biondo and Albert H. Del Conte and Paul P. Brefka and Joel Field and George O. John Masciantonio and Edward Stotz and Paul LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE Maybury and Eugene K. Stovall and Charles D. A. Tranchitella (all 1968), Post 277. Phila- & NET WORTH Webster (all 1969), Post 53, Sanford, Fla. delphia, Pa. 1,158,342.77 Cleve Warham (1968), Post 60, Cascade, Ernest R. Page and H. J. Parcells and J. .599,304.56 Idaho. Carlos Scallin and R. A. Schenkenberger and 3.799.052.89 Merle E. Martin and James L. Parr and Fred D. Shandorf (all 1968), Post 18, Mitchell Trust Funds Walter H. Saathoff and Chas. H. Thompson S. Dak. Overseas Graves Decoration (all 1968), Post 24, Champaign, 111. WilUai" Edwin Bell (1969), Post 3, Roanoke. Trust Fund 306,024.59 Jack A. Langan and John Julian and John A. Va. Employees Retirement Klebes and Clarence J. Koschnick and Michael Clarence O. Baetz (1969), Post 38, Appleton, Trust Fund 4,693,085.13 4,999,109.72 Levenson (all 1969), Post 34, Indianapolis. Ind. Wis.

Net Worth : Sidney Goreham and Dr. Fred Jeths and Reserve Fund 904.553.31 Stephen Van Clay (all 1969), Post 49, Chicago, Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Restricted Fund 1,511.761.87 111. tion only on an official form, which we provide. Real Estate 821.521.81 Albert M. Heil and Frank Kantor and Frank Reports received only from Commander. Ad- Reserve for Rehabilitation 168.173.92 M. Martin and Fred M. Wennerberg (all 1969), jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded Reserve for Child Welfare 115,239.73 Post 363, Chicago, 111. the life membership. Reserve for Convention.... 60,000.00 Herman H. Frederick and Stewart Sell and They may get form by sending stamped, self- Reserve for Publication.... 45,657.76 Ralph Stewart and Harry K. Welch (all 1969). addressed return envelope to: Gift to the Nation- Post 375, Peru, 111. "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Maintenance Fund 99.906.25 Louis Levine (1969), Post 807. Chicago, 111. Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y." 3.726,814.65 Paul O. Luisi (1969). Post 1156, Chicago, 111. 10019 Unrestricted Capital 42,082.87 3,768,897.52 Estella M. Hansen and Marcus E. Hansen On a comer of the return envelope write the report. »14,324,707.46 and Vemie O. Quayle (all 1969), Post 1166, number of names you wish to No Reynolds, 111. written letter necessary to get forms. 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 be prepared for MEMORIAL DAY

Alternate Uniform

Navy Blue Blazer and Grey Trousers approved for wear on all occasions. Blazer. Lightweight "year-round" tropical, 55% dacron, 45% wool. Gold buttons, silk embroidered emblem on outside pocket. Sizes 36 to 50* in short, regular, long, extra-long and stout (portly). Give weight, height, chest, and suit size when ordering blazers.

Lightweight "year-round" tropical, (No. 77150) . .$34.95

Trousers. All wool worsted regular weight (No. 77100) or 55% dacron, 45% wool lightweight tropical (No. 77050). Unfinished bottoms. Sizes 29 to 46* in short,

regular and longs. I n ordering give waist size and height. Trousers ,$12.95 *For special sizf blazers or grey trousers, add $3.00 Regular Uniform service charge and allow 5 weeks delivery. Short Sleeve Blazer Sport Shirt. Perma Press, Crease and stain resistant, year-round, 14-ounce nylon 65% Dacron, 35% Cotton material. Embroidered em- blend gabardine with V2 inch gold stripe. Must be blem on pocket. Sizes: SutbII, Medium, Large, Extra dry cleaned. Large. In white (No. 70360) or blue (No. 70380) $4.90 Jacket. Eisenhower style with elastic waist insert. Give height, chest and waist measurements. Chest sizes 36-46 in short, regular, long and stout (portly) from stock. All other sar 1 $6.00 and allow 5 weeks Sox. Black nylon 6 x 3 rib stretch sox—one size fits all for delivery. feet. No. 70470...... Each $0.75; two pairs for $1.30 No. 70201 .....$29.50 Uniform Shirts of pre-shrunk broadcloth in long or Trousers. Zipper fly-unfinished bottoms. Give your short sleeves. height and waist size. Waist 29-46 stock. All other from Regulation Style Long Sleeves 32 to 35. Neck half-sizes sizes add $6.00 with 5 weeks for delivery. 14 to 18 No. 70102 $16.50 White No: 70302. . , .$5.40 Blue No. 70156. . . .$5.70

Tie. Dress tie of dacron blend. Button down feature. Regulation Style Short Sleeves. Quarter length sleeves Regular in blue (No. 70291) or gold (No. 70292) Ready- and sport color in small, medium, large and extra large. tied clip on in blue (No. 70293) or gold (No. 70294) $1.50 White No. 70406 .... $5.00 Blue No, 70410 ... . $5.30

Uniform Caps Princess Uniform cloth Is doeskin texture all wool Pine Wreath broadcloth. See 1969 emblem catalog for other Decorated with poppies, daisies, corn-flowers, materials. and large red, white and blue ribbon bow. Style 1 Lettering— Post No., state name in full. 16 inch No. 73040R $4.00 Unlined No. 71000 $5.50 20 inch No. 73041R $5.50 Lined No. 71057 6.00 See 1970 Emblem Catalog for other wreaths, 2 Lettering— Post No., city name in Style permanent grave markers, cemetery vase. full, state abbreviated. Unlined No. 71029 $6.90 Lined No. 71085 7.50 Memorial Bible

All Purpose Flag Set Lasting tribute to a departed member. Treasured With two piece aluminum pole, gold pole top, by family. Deluxe features include American halyards and utility holder for attaching to Legion preamble, memorial page, family and wall, window sill, house siding, etc. military service record pages. White leather Defiance cotton with sewed stars and stripes. cover encased in rich red cedar box. Gold letter-

3x5-ft.flag;6-ft.pole. . . No. 72800 $ 8.00 ing "Our Deepest Sympathy—" with name,

4x6-ft.flag;8-ft.pole. . . No. 72801 12.00 numberand location of Post. Specify Protestant, Reliance cotton with dyed stars and sewed Jewish or Catholic. No. 75211 $17.95 stripes.

3x5-ft.flag;6-ft.pole. . . No. 72802 4.00 Six or more, each 3.50 See 1970 Emblem Catalog for grave marker and other special Flags.

Flag Case ON ALL ORDERS UNDER $3.00, ADD 50^ POSTAGE AND HANDLING THE LEGION, DEPT. Memorial presentation and storage case. Heavy AMERICAN NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES M4 vinyl with plastic zipper. Holds 5 x 8 or larger P. O. Box 1964, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 flag. Ideal for presentation of flag to next of kin. Enclosed is $_ Please rusti ttie following No. 72944 $2.00 Each

See current catalog for quantity prices. Gold Vest

New! Cotton blend Rayon.Gold colored buttons,

adjustable back strap for perfect fit. Even suit sizes 36 to 50 in. regular, long, or portly. No. 77001 $6.95 CITY STATE ZIP CODE Send free 1970 catalog. Memberstiip Card No.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 37 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS Pollution: Our Problem

AT ITS National Convention last year in the life of your house. It means your The American Legion passed a broad water treatment facilities must spend more resolution calling on Congress to study ways time and money bringing you chemically- to eliminate pollution of land, air and water. treated potable water to drink—with the What can Legionnaires and Legion posts extra cost being passed on to you, the con- do to help fight pollution on the local level? sumer. It means your wife must put more The problem differs in different com- bleach, detergents and other chemicals into munities. Maybe your town is on a lake laundry wash water, thus costing you more or river and water pollution is your main money and further taxing downstream wa-

concern. In an industrial community it ter cleansing facilities. It means you must

might be air pollution. In a tourist area it drive an extra hour or more away from might be litter. Or, in many cases, a mix- civilization in order to find those healthy ture of all three. Regardless, the thing is to fish you like to brag about catching. get actively involved! In short—pollution costs you plenty! For example, enlist the help of other Why not have clean air and water for the organizations such as the Elks, Lions and same price? rod & gun clubs to form work parties to STORE four fishing poles and reels fully clean up streams, creeks and rivers. Local assembled and ready to go with Tote 'M' trucking concerns may help by lending Poles, a new way to keep your fishing dump trucks. Local driver unions may sup- equipment safe from harm. It's a rod and ply drivers. reel carrier with telescoping center support Find out exactly what is polluting your and zippered panels to allow easy access water areas—industrial wastes, chemicals that will protect your equipment in and out or sewage then find their sources. Point FAMOUS — SLUGGER PEN-PENCIL SET out to responsible industrialists the effect in gleaming gift package 16" LOUISVILLE SLUGGER their dumping is having on the water ecol- 60j/ complete. MINIATURE BAT 60« EACH ogy. In the sewage problem, it is the town government that must be informed. In case ^Illlll III of air pollution, note the most common of- fenders among industrial plants, such as HILLERICH & BRADSBY CO., P. 0. Box 506 Dept. AL-0 I LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY 40201 chimneys emitting dense smoke. Photo-

Please send me. -Pen and Pencil Sets (c^ 600 each graph them and take the pictures to the plant managers for action. Also see that .Miniature Bats @ 600 each regulations governing burning of garbage, PLEASE -Famous Slugger Yearbook (§> 150 each PRINT leaves, heating fuels, etc., are enforced. If Name there are none, get the laws passed. Ask bus companies to have drivers shut down en- Address. gines while waiting at turnaround spots. Littering is in general a question of pub- lic education. Stimulate civic pride through continuing newspaper, radio and public poster campaigns. The news media will co- operate as will some advertising agencies. All they need is someone to show them there is interest. Buses, trucks and cabs offer prime display space for posters. Schools will provide audi- With toriums applicable for lectures, movies and Tote 'M' Poles holds four rigs at once. The American slide shows. You don't have to be the lec- turer. Get prominent state or national ex- Red Cross. of season. It's got a two-position shoulder perts to talk for you. strap for carrying and plenty of room to Schools can sponsor essay contests on lots of the stuff fishermen advertising contributed for the public good accommodate m. pollution. In one city, grammar school chil- love to carry. Photo shows operation. Re- dren were given a day oft' to collect litter; tails for $28.95 from George Wright Indus- the one who collected the most won a prize. tries. 508 C.T.U. Bldg., Lincoln, Neb. You will find that most people will listen 68508. \re you miserable with pain and aches of leg to will to cooperate. ilcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep venous you and want congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or in- WORRIED about getting lost in the woods? j Get a doctor, local science teacher or juries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that I No need if the ground is snow-covered or works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back scientist to give dramatic demonstrations I [guaranteed trial. Send for FREE BOOK today. of what pollution does to air, land, water soft. Cut a notch in the heel of one shoe, L. E. VISCOSE COMPANY and human beings. Ask banks and depart- recommends Del Laiceps of Burien. Wis. llOO W. Chicago Ave.. Chicago, III. 60610 ment stores to provide window space for Then you'll be able to retrace your own footsteps regardless of how many other ^ItEASURE anti-pollution exhibits. Get town or city Find buried gold, silver, permission to put up permanent anti-litter hunters have left trails crossing yours. coins, treasures. and anti-pollution signs. If you have a helpful idea for this feature 5 Powerful models. In addition to creating known and as yet send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you Write lor free catalog^ unknown health problems, pollution costs $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- enter into correspondence concern- you money. It means you have to paint turn, or DEPT. ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, 95 your house that much sooner, thus costing D-27 The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- BOX 10839, HOUSTON, TEX. 77018 UP you many hidden hundreds of dollars more nue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 .!

Important infomiation for people 65 or older and their children and relatives: Protect your income and savings against big hospital bills

YOU CAN ... NOW ... FOR ONLY $2.90 PER MONTH . . . WITH AMERICAN LIFE'S

$10,000 Medicare Supplement Plan can enroll (a spouse can join when reaching and benefits • 65) enjoy equal for the same Pays you IN ADDITION to all other insurance. low premium per person. Upon acceptance of • GUARANTEED RENEWABLE for life or until $10,000 paid per person. your enrollment, we will send you your American Life Medicare Supplement Plan Policy and your Hospital This message is of special interest to men and the burden of a big hospital bill (as well as a Identification Card. You will also receive a women 65 or older who are automatically drain on your own income and savings) by premium payment notice covering the first covered by the U.S. Government Medicare taking out a policy for your parents or relatives quarterly premium at the rate of $2.90 per Hospital Plan. NOW. Just fill in the application form today month per person (the cost will be even lower

and have the person to be insured sign it. We if you pay the premium for six months or a It tells about the wonderful new $10,000 will gladly bill you for the low quarterly, year) . Upon receipt of the policy, if you are American Life Medicare Supplement Plan semi- annual or annual premiums after you have re- not completely satisfied, you owe nothing. which gives you full protection, in accordance ceived your policy. with the benefits described, against big hos- Don't risk your income and your savings. pital bills. Don't saddle your children or relatives with ENROLLMENTS CLOSING -MAIL APPLICATION TODAY your hospital debts. Don't miss this wonder- It pays hospital costs which Medicare does NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED ful opportunity to be financially independent. not cover. Sorry : not available to residents of Mich., NO SALESMAN WILL CALL Wis., Kan., Ore. and Wash. U.S. Government Medicare Plan A pays only PART OF THE COSTS after 60 days* and Send no money until after you receive your policy Exclusive of the 60-day "lifetime reserve" NONE OF THE COSTS after 90 days of hospital confinement. This is why it is impor- The present enrollment offer is open for a Can I have confidence in American Life tant that you have the full, low-cost additional limited time only. Regardless of whether you Insurance Company? protection of the new American Life Medicare participate in the U.S. Government Medicare Yes! For over 40 years, since 1928, American Life Insurance Company has Supplement Plan. program (if you are under Social Security or faithfully served policy holders. Serving Railroad Retirement you are automatically We never know when one of a score of dis- policy holders from Coast to Coast; covered by the U.S. Medicare Plan A insur- eases or accidents may strike, requiring a long noted for fast claim service. American ance), you are eligible to enroll under the Life is licensed under the laws of its hospital stay—such as heart attack, stroke, American Life Medicare Supplement Plan. state of domicile and carries full legal cancer, vascular disorder or a broken hip. But you must enroll now to collect the bene- reserves for the protection of all policy Statistics show that people 65 years or older holders. Policies are effective and hon- fits. As long as you are 65 years or older, are hospitalized at least twice as long as those ored by the Company regardless of your there's no age limit. Both husband and wife under 65. state of residence.

How about you? Do you have enough income Founded in 1928 Over 40 years of Service to cover big, unexpected hospital bills? Do you have enough savings to handle such long- AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY term emergencies which could cost you thou- 221 North La Salle Street Chicago, Illinois 60601 . FR 2-5722 sands of dollars?

Just one long hospital stay may plunge you aisjiiaamiiiaiiissiiiaiiisii^^iafiijif enrollment form i^iM^i^ii^j^i^i^^^i;^ into poverty, cause you to lose your life say- $10,000 AMERICAN MEDICARE SUPPLEMENT PLAN • SPECIAL- APPLY NOW IF YOU ARE 65 OR OLDER ings and make you dependent on others. to: AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY • 221 N. LaSalle Street • Chicago, Illinois 60601 But you need not be exposed to these hazards Please enroll me (and my wife or husband if named below) in the $10,000 Af^ERICAN MEDICARE SUPPLE-

MEf'IT Plan. Please send my policy and Hospital Identification Card now. I understand this protection will Now ... for only $2.90 a month per person . . begin as soon as the first quarterly premium of $8.70 per person is paid. youcan protect your income and your life sav- My name_ .My Date of Birth_ ings against such perils with the new $10,000 (please print) American Life Medicare Supplement Plan. My address (street) (city), (stale) (zip code) This new, low-cost plan pays up to $10,000 ENROLL YOUR SPOUSE HERE: tax-free benefits per person under an easy-to- First name of wife or husband _; date of birth. understand policy. The money is paid directly SIGN HERE X to you (or to the hospital, if you prefer). No

Please send me a free copy of Social Security Administration Booklet SSI-43 , on Government Medicare. matter how long you stay in the hospital, Please send extra enrollment forms for my friends or relatives. there's no time Umit for each confinement up • AMERICAN FAMILIES FOR OVER 40 to $10,000 total benefits per person. FOUNDED 1928 PROTECTING YEARS LE40 PLEASE DO NOT SEND ANY MONEY. You will be billed later. SONS, DAUGHTERS, RELATIVES: You C-966 can protect your loved ones 65 or older against

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 39 WHY CAN'T PEOPLE GET HOMES? As another protective device, several (Continued from page 9) years ago some banks began writing small type into mortgages providing for ing from the Fed. and the rest followed. on the mortgages they guarantee before their recall at the bank's pleasure after The customers only cried for more. The there just wouldn't be any more FHA or three years. One of our readers wrote to inflation wasn't stopped. It was just made VA mortgages. But. by the time they tell us that his bank had just given him more expensive for everybody but acted, the "prime rate" was about as high the option of paying up in full or accept- lenders. as the new legal mortgage rates. The ing a 1 % increase in interest. But the banks were only temporarily "prime rate" is the rock bottom interest enriched by the higher rates they were rate that commercial banks will give to There is still a third reason for the charging. When prices go up, they go Grade A big business borrowers. There's shortage of mortgage money. Elsewhere in this magazine is a story on crime up all over—and that's true for the price nothing lower, and everything else is which notes that organized racketeering, of money, too. In nothing flat, banks had higher, in the field of private lending. So loan-sharking, etc.. to increase the interest that they pay out the new. higher legal rate on mortgage gambling, are now holding $60 billion out of legitimate to depositors. We've all seen the savings money is still so low—compared to what channels. That's banks competing with one another to the money can earn elsewhere—that you more than the gross annual take of our six leading corpora- the legal limit, each trying to offer you can hardlv find it. tions a figure in the same order as the more interest if you'll place your savings — with them; sweetening the terms so that federal budget that's held out of the they are compounding your interest ev- legitimate national flow of money. ery quarter, every month, every week, Today, there are all sorts of schemes every day—promising interest from "day afoot for stopgap measures to put money of deposit." then "from the first of the into mortgages. Unions and others with month": giving kitchen blenders, cups, big pension funds are being urged to silverware to those opening new ac- invest such funds heavily in mortgages. counts, and so on. There's a bill in the hopper to authorize The commercial banks are doing the the Veterans Administration to invest same kind of thing. They aren't making what it holds in its veterans life insur- any more on the higher rates they are ance funds in mortgages. The National charging than they used to, because their Association of Home Builders is pro- own money costs more. moting these suggestions in the hope The whole situation adds up to every- that, if we can get some increase in build- body chasing his tail around a circle. The ing going, the competition for homes cost of money becomes astronomical, won't be so great. Then prices and in- while in the end nobody gets any richer terest rates might fall ott' and loosen except those who make the first move. everything up. They hope. "You're doing a good job, kid, but This is the In this silly rat race (a banker who read shouldn't you be on this side of the dike?" "shot-in-the-arm" ap- this said that's just the phrase for it) proach. In view of the millions who can- I'HK AlII-.lilCAN LEGION M \GAZINK ever more money that could be buying not now get shelter of the quality that goods or services is siphoned off to pay Yet there is always pressure on banks their incomes ought to entitle them to. for absolutely nothing but the feel of to underwrite mortgages out of a social a 1970 shot-in-the-arm seems to be an money passing through one's hands. duty, because the nation's shelter de- absolute necessity. A compulsory rolling Previously, goods and labor had been pends on them. In the situation, lenders back of interest rates, or a Big Brother seriously inflated, but not the cost of took three steps to live up to their duty setting aside of billions reserved for no money. When the interest lid went off without losing their shirts. purpose but building loans at reasonable interest, or both, seems to be called for. it stepped up the inflation of goods and ( 1 ) They rationed the money, grant- labor and moved rapid inflation into the ing smaller mortgages and thus requiring It's hard to see how we can expect those cost of money, too. The same step sent larger down payments. presently in need of homes to wait out taxes up for a long time to come, as well. (2) They shortened the time limit for a more fundamental solution. Suddenly governments, from national paying back a mortgage, thus raising the But the Big Brother approach is ba- down to city, found the interest rates monthly payments. sically a bad one for a permanent solu- they have to pay on bond issues zoom- (3) They began asking for "points." tion. Our experience with welfare ought ing skyward. Now cities, states and "Points" are a one-shot payment. to make that clear. Its second, third and Uncle Sam are borrowing at ever higher rather than annual interest. "Points" be- fourth level effects are mischievous. It finance charges—and of course they are gan modestly at about a 1 % charge of creates dependency where we need ini- going to pay off these higher charges the face value of the mortgage. That's tiative. It is inflationary where we need with higher future taxes. "one point." Quickly, wherever the law deflation.

What happened to the home buyer in didn't prohibit it. points went up—to However, Big Brother is presently all this? Most states had a legal limit on 2, then 3, then 4, and kept going up. Re- doing worse than nothing. For instance. mortgages of about 6% interest three cently as much as 10 points have been Uncle is paying pan of the rent for peo- years ago. By the time the banks were paid, or I / 1 0th of the size of the loan ple who are too poor to pay all of their charging General Motors 8% and pay- sought for the privilege of getting it. own rent. The money is totally wasted. ing almost 6% to depositors, they Builders began paying "points," so that It doesn't create new housing, it supports weren't about to tie up money for ten. the first year's charges on a building loan higher charges for existing housing and

20 or 30 years in 6% mortgages. might come to 15% or even more on it draws off the money of wage earners Mortgage money all but disappeared. a 7'/2% loan. This drove marginal in the form of taxes to pay other people's Many of the states rushed in to raise the builders right out of business and mar- landlords. As some builders point out, legal limit on mortgage interest—not to ginal home buyers into shacks. It made if only this same money were put into soak home buyers, but to let them pay many other builders close shop at least reasonable loans to builders, it would enough to be able to borrow at all. temporarily, or go to rich men's home create new housing at lower cost and be The FHA and the VA did the same building or start doing more repair work returned to Big Brother for more of the thing, raising the permissible interest rate instead of building. (Continued on page 42)

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 Now! I Guarantee You Beautiful, Perennial Grass SPECIAL! ORDER NOW AND GET UP TO 200 PLUGS FREE! AN UNUSUAL GUARANTEE niust ii'Hhin When I planted it in sandy, clay soils Ei'vni i>lug grow .'i5 days or wc replace it FREE. Amazoy is the Trade Mark, sub-soils, it took hold and thrived. and We'll eveii paii the cost of shipping any re- registered U.S. Patent Office, Other grass in the same soils struggled placeitioit should it heco)iic nccessari/. Since for our Meyer Zoysia. and died. we're hardhi in business for the fun of it, you By Mike Senkiw, Agronomist know we hare to he sure of our product. I compared it to other grasses in the Since home-owners agree that a "living car- Years ago I was like nearly everyone winter, too. When ordinary grasses jiet of Zoiisia Grass creates a lawn of true I worried about it more else with a lawn. winter-killed or became sparse and heautti, our guarantee of growth means you, other thing around the house. too, can liare a heautiful Zoysia laien! lhan any scraggly, the Zoysia turf merely went off Then things changed. My company ob- its green color ... it stayed so thick you UNLIMITED TRANSPLANTS tained a new grass just released by the could play football on it and never get When your Amazoy lawn is established, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. In honor of your feet muddy. you can take up plugs for planting other plant explorer, Frank Meyer, it was the Through zero-cold winters and blister- areas as desired. Each plug spreads to named Meyer Z-52 Zoysia Grass. ing summer droughts . . . through on- cover many times its own area, as the received only a small amount of We slaughts by insects, weeds and diseases transplant area grows over again. Trans- this Grass. But it was enough to plant it . . . Meyer Zoysia had proved could plant all summer long if you like. It's an test plots in our Nursery Farm. "take it." endless supply! From that small beginning, those few FOR SLOPES, PLAY AREAS, BARE SPOTS precious clumps of Zoysia Grass spread 100 MILLION PLUGS SOLD If slopes are a problem, just plug in over the ground until they built a lawn You've probably heard about our grass. visitors Amazoy. When established, it will end so thick and beautiful that stopped (Registered Trade Mark is Amazoy.) erosion — also plug it into hard-to-cover to admire it every time they saw it. Over the years we've sold it to particular spots, worn play areas, etc. We Tell People, "WALK ON IT" lawn owners coast to coast. Fact is, we've START A LAWN WEED-PROOF ALL SUMMER, Instead of saying "Keep Off The Grass," sold more than 100 million plugs. So OR CORRECT PROBLEM AREAS we invited visitors to walk on it. It was we've learned more about it, we believe, an unforgettable experience for them — than anyone alive. Considering the work and investment in like walking in a thick pile carpet. your lawn, you'll agree there's no sub- stitute for quality After walking on it, visitors learned our AMAZOY PLUGS ARE DIFFERENT and experience. Also Zoysia turf was crabgrass proof, and the But success brings imitators, as every- that no lawn can be any better than its grass itself. next question never failed: "How can I one knows. Sometimes grasses have been Even sod is no better than get some?" advertised that sound like AMAZOY. the seed it grew from! start Now, grass is my company's business; But AMAZOY plugs look different — So a perennial lawn that grows different. is more beautiful year. but it was a long time before an order ARE Every one grown under each Order now for Meyer Zoysia Grass was accepted. my supervision, especially for transplant- and — First we wanted to see how good this ing. Each is a full 7> square inches of ON PATENTED STEP-ON grass was. living, vigorous Zoysia turf. They grow PLUGGER. OR GET IT FREE WITH We really found out! in good soil . . . bad soil . . . any soil, in- LARGER ORDERS OF 600 PLUGS OR MORE. One summer the heat was so great you cluding slopes, sub-soil and salty, sandy SAVE could fry eggs on the highway. Daily the beach areas. When established this turf A nrowth-qroducing 2-way plugger that saves bending, time. work. Cuts away competing growtti at same time root to sun blazed from cloudless skies; the has a system 2 3 feet deep! it digs holes for plugs. Invaluable for transplanting. so light womanwoma can use it. drought worsened; whole ponds dried Rugged yet a up. Meanwhile, crabgrass flourished and NO SOD. NO SEED UP 200 look over lawns by the thousands. Never sold as a slab of field-grown sod TO PLUGS you must cut up in order to plant. For Ordering Now! It Grows In Sub-soil, Stays FREE Planting grass as live plugs is the Order Now For Green Thru Heat Waves modern method — recommended by turf ini) phids pins Prompt Planting Immis or in. TOT.\I. 0"*'tiVi Through it all, our deep-rooted Zoysia experts. You SEE what you are getting. In Your Area ofiioPLrcs lawns stood out like a green island in a There's no seed that produces winter- 100 plugs and 200 plugs and .'iOO plugs and 1100 plugs and pIuKKer. plugger. plugger. plugger. brown wasteland. hardy Meyer Z-52 Zoysia . . . that's why plus Ijonus plus bonus plus bonus plus bonus When conditions became better, I Amazoy plugs come to you soil-rich and of 20 FREE of 25 FREE of r,0 FREE (if 200 FREE TOT.M, TOT.\L T()T.\L proved another advantage: It could be produce permanent, perennial, winter TOTAL 120 mowed far less than ordinary grass. hardv turf. Q95 PLUOS 13" p1^-c;s 17" ri.rcs 39"

\Nork Less • Worry Less • Spend Less To: Mr. Mike Senkiwj, Zoysia Farm Nurseries, Dept. 413 6414 Reisterstown Rd., Baltimore, Maryland 21215 • Easy To Plant, Easy • Perfect For Problem Areas Dear Mr. Senkiw: Please send me the quantity of guaranteed To Care For « Chokes Out Crabgrass Amazoy as checked below: And Your Established Amazoy Lawn — • Reduces Mowing % • Won't Winter Kill 100 Plugs plus bonus 100 Plugs and Plug- 200 Plugs plus bonus TOTAL of • Resists Blight, Insects, • Stays Green Through of 10. TOTAL 110 ger plus bonus of 20 of 20 FREE. PLUGS FREE. TOTAL of $095 220 PLUGS , . . .$ Diseases $g95 j j20 Droughts 120 PLUGS * • Laughs At Water Bans 200 Plugs and Plug- 300 Plugs & Plugger 1100 Plugs & Plugger Meyer Z-52 Zoysia Gross Was Perfected By The U.S. Govi., ger plus bonus of 25 plus bonus of 50 PLUGS plus bonus of 200 plugs. FREE. TOTAL $ 1 075 FREE. TOTAL $1 775 TOTAL 1300 $9095 Approved By The U.S. Golf Association ' • •»*' 225 PLUGS.... 350 PLUGS , PLUGS No Need To Rip Out Your Present Grass I I Just Plug In Amazoy I 1 Enclose $ Check.... M.O [ust set Amazoy plugs into lioles Order now for Bonus Plugs I in ground like a cork in a bottle. I NAME. (Plant 1 foot apart, Checker- Free, and earliest delivery at board style.) Easy planting in: planting time in your area. ADDRESS. .structions with each order. Each I Orders are shipped collect, I plug ?! sq. inches. CITY. same day taken soil, via I Depl 413, Zoysia Farms from, 6414 hieisterstown Road most economical means. STATE ZIP. Balto., Maryland 21215

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 41 WHY CAN'T PEOPLE GET HOMES? there were 15 classes, factory production (Continued from page 40) could begin with an assured mass market for each of them, just as cars are offered same—instead of going down the drain and many others are entering the picture in numerous models for different tastes. to the tune of more taxes and still higher purely to develop land sites, with streets, Apartment houses, stores and office shelter costs. lawns, underground utilities, foundation buildings, no less than homes, could be Consider that if a builder could bor- slabs, swimming pools and golf courses. made of sectional units finished at the row at 6% and no points, instead of at Whole towns and developments a^'e factory on the same basis, at the same 8% and 10 points for one year, he could springing up in favored areas, given over savings, enough knock off $1,200 for every $10,000 to pleasant mobile home settlements that astronomical and with charged for a house and make the same belie the old image of the "trailer camp." variety in specifications to meet any rea- tastes. or so profit. A $20,000 home could go for Perhaps the very pressure of today's sonable local Maybe 20 $17,600. His customers' down payments, housing emergency will yet break the basic units would turn the tide, instead their monthly payments on principal and back of the old idea of the house built of the thousands now required by the their total interest payments could all on the spot, mainly with terribly expen- caprice of trivial differences from town be reduced. Any step in this direction sive hand labor and materials loaded to town. would open up new housing for more with needless hauling, handling and trim- The American people would do them- people. That would add to the total ming charges that factory-manufacture selves a favor worth untold millions of housing supply and tend to take the fat overcomes. dollars to them if they'd start bringing out of high rents and out of prices for It almost seems silly to explain that the heat to bear locally to clean up the old houses, both of which are inflated mass production to standard specifica- jungle of man-made rules that keep us way beyond their value simply because tions in a factory is the key to produc- from getting good housing at low cost. of these days will it's a sellers' market. ing any goods—including houses—at Maybe one some guy But an emergency financial patch-up prices far below what hand labor at the go to the Supreme Court to have his local is no cure. Housing itself costs three or customers' site can meet. Housing is housing ordinances ruled unconstitu- infringe more times what it should. It is still in about the only common product that tional on the grounds that they the Dark Ages. Most Americans could has escaped the industrial revolution and on his right to purchase available and easily afford a good home under the still hews to basic procedures that are suitable housing that he can afford. That present ridiculous mortgage arrange- 400 years old. could really take us out of the dumps. ments if we'd only move home construc- Houses made of sections that are man- There is no such constitutional right, tion out of the 17th century. ufactured entirely at the factory and but the Court has created less important Today, a mobile home is made in a which would bring good housing inex- ones for fewer people out of thin air. factory—complete. The average price of pensively to the millions have failed to Nobody, not even those in the busi- a mobile home, that is the equivalent of make the big breakthrough in America. ness, can dream today of what factory- a house built on the site for $20,000 or They have always fallen over the stumb- made sectional housing could do if the more, is only $6,300. And that is com- ling block of local ordinances. These market were opened up by removing the pletely furnished, delivered to the site, arbitrarily set different standards, some- local legalistic obstructions. The notion with utilities attached. The mobile home times down to the last detail of materials that mobile homes make "ugly trailer business is booming today while all other and of construction, from town to town. camps" is the doing of local ordinances. housing is stagnant. Young and old are They also hitch zoning laws to tight and The rules are all against them in the going for mobiles in ever greater num- diff^erent specifications. New York metropolitan area, so you see bers. It is not that there are local standards, them in such places as industrial areas Why not? Mortgages became gener- but that they are entirely capricious from and swamp edges, and almost nowhere ally acceptable for mobile homes last town to town. The basic building code else in that area. Of course they are un- year. A $4,000 mortgage and a $6,300 in the Chicago area is quite enlightened sightly. California is the national leader furnished dwelling cost is the answer to as modern codes go. Yet in that area in tailoring local rules to permit factory- the dreams of home-seekers and "tight there are 58 different variations on it made homes, while requiring them to put money" bankers alike. A standard mo- from community to community. If these on a respectable front. Some of the Cali- bile unit is 12 feet wide (that's narrow) communities had 58 different require- fornia mobile home developments are and about 60 feet long (that's long.) ments for automobile mufflers, carbu- superior to conventional developments Thanks to eased highway rules. 14-foot retors, etc., few Chicago area residents in more restrictive Eastern towns. width is coming in. Good factory-built could afford a car today. Detroit would The example now being set in Cali- homes are surprisingly excellent dwell- be making special auto models for Chi- fornia and other places, coupled with ings inside. Do you want more house cago proper, Chicago Heights, East Chi- the pressure of the present housing and than that? You can go up to three stories cago, Evanston, Oak Park, Aurora, Jo- mortgage mess, just might make the of "modular home," with units stacked liet, etc., and the cost of revising produc- 1970's the decade of breakthrough of vertically, or make a truly big "ranch- tion lines at GM, Ford, Chrysler for American housing into the 20th century type" home by adding "sectional units" each town line would send auto prices —before the 21st is here. But it can on the ground level. If $6,300 will house through the roof. And that's what keeps hardly come soon enough for all of to- a young couple well, for $25,000 you millions of Americans from having good day's young marrieds and Vietnam vets. can have a furnished, carpeted whopper homes dirt cheap by today's standards. This year, thousands of John Does will that's the equivalent of what $50,000 Ideally, the United States could have come home from Vietnam to find that and more can buy with a bare interior nationwide specifications for homes. they can't have decent homes because in many metropolitan suburbs. And be- Towns could still zone, still have high not enough money is deposited in sav- cause the total finance charges fall off and low specifications for various types ings banks, because the Federal Reserve in proportion, the saving is far more of homes in various neighborhoods. doesn't want Universal Conglomerate to than a mere comparison of prices sug- There could be Class A, Class B and grow too fast on borrowed money, be- gests. right on down through Class P specifica- cause organized crime is holding $60 bil- These savings are astronomical even tions, all of them meeting sane stand- lion out of legitimate channels. Those after the need to buy or rent the land ards. A town could elect to be all Class don't seem like good reasons. Somebody is taken into account. Today, many more A, or zone for five classes or 20. If each had better do something about John corporations are making mobile homes, class were standard everywhere, even if Doe. THE END

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A PRIL 1970 .

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 43 HOW ORGANIZED CRIME TAKES OVER BUSINESS (Continued from page 19)

controlled companies to provide them three non-existent workers on the con- with cheap labor. And sometimes it com- struction company books for two full FOR PERMANENT bines them all together. years. The paychecks were picked up by FUND RAISING In many cases, the mob will start a the delegate weekly. union with the specific purpose of using In-Plant Gambling. While the pre- Easy way to raise money for your Organization because everyone has fun playing BINGO! it to force the hiring of certain chosen sence of a bookie or a numbers runner Tfiousands of Organizations are making up to people. Employers often go along with on the premises doesn't mean penetra- tes S500.00 per week using"BINGO KING" supplies the fc- and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREB sample scheme, glad to pay wages to one or tion by the Mafia, two things about such cord and details on raising money for your Or- two non-workers in order to avoid hav- gambling are certain. First, most such * ganizotion. ing to pay union scale to all workers. gambling is mob-operated. PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. Second, The following is a case in point, from the gambling costs businesses millions of files of the New York State Investigation dollars ineffi- DEPT. 595 BOX 1178, ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80110 each year in employee Commission. ciency, accidents, embezzling to pay Anthony LaGrassa was a contractor gambling debts and loss of employees DIABETIC? employing several laborers. His men through harassment by strong-arm were not all represented by unions. La bookies trying to collect debts. Cut High Medicine Costs Grassa was on the witness stand, telling One private investigation company If you are using any of the Dia- about the day when a man from a union betic medicines that require a stopped around to see him at a construc- Doctor's prescription, or if you are using Insulin, Tes-Tape, Clini- tion site. The man asked La Grassa to test Tablets etc. — we can save "sign up"—to permit his laborers to you money. join the union. La Grassa refused, but Your prescriptions filled exactly did agree to put a couple of union labor- as your Doctor ordered by Regis- ers on the job: tered, Licensed Pharmacists in strict compliance with Federal Q. "He asked you to put on a couple Food and Drug Laws. Find out the of people?" i~| facts. Let us quote you A. "Yes." prices on any drug or R9 prescription without ob- Q. "Why did you do it?" ligation. tU Write today for A. "Well, 1 figured if 1 could get away ''^ I proof of savings. that way, 1 was still getting away FEDERAL PRESCRIPTION SERVICE cheap." Dept. 7AL3, Madrid, Iowa 50156 Q. "You were buying peace, in other words?" NO NEED TO WEAR A. "Put it that way, then, I was buy- ing peace."

In that same S.I.C. hearing, Joseph A. A TRUSS Ferrara, president of the J.V.J. Con- struction Co., Ozone Park, N.Y.. was FOR RUPTURE questioned about the reasons why he was able to employ non-union laborers de- That Binds, Cuts. Gouges, spite fact that several "wel- . try not to dirty all the silverware Slips and Does Not Hold the he made If .vou must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't fare and pension fund" payments to one miss this A Post Card, with name and address, George (Blackie) D'Agostino, a business will get you FREE, and without obligation, the THE A.MKHICAN LKGION MAGAZINE complete, modernized Rice Plan of Reducible delegate of Local 46 of the Mason Rupture Control. Now in daily use by thou- Tenders" Union. sands who say they never dreamed possible estimates that there is a bookie in three such secure, dependable and comfortable rup- Ferrara said Blackie would stop tiue protection. Safely blocks rupture open- out of four plants employing 50 or more ing, prevents escape, without need for bulky, around from time to time and demand persons. And. as the U.S. Chamber of cumbersome Trusses, tormenting springs or welfare fund payments. He would say harsh, gouging pad pressure. Regardless of how Commerce states in its "Deskbook on long ruptured, size, occupation, or trusses you Ferrara had "beat" the union, and would Organized Crime": "Perhaps the biggest have worn. TRY THIS, and send your Post demand payments. Ferrara would pay Card today to W. S. Rice, Inc.. Adams, N. Y. threat of all from tolerating gambling is Dept. 8R cheerfully, and said he looked upon the that by so doing business management is payments as a fine. Here is how Ferrara contributing to the Cosa Nostra's largest FREE SHOES FOR UFEl responded to examination by S.I.C. source of income: business management nih, Commissioner Goodman A. Sarachan: YOU NEED NEV£R BUY ANOTHER PAIR OF 8HOE8I is helping its most ruthless competitor." Our "Free Shoes tor ills" plan makes It EA8YI "It fine, With 275 last-MllIng styles {dress, work, sport) (o Q. was a cheap for what you These have been only a few examples chooM from, you'll have no trouble getting the orders—and will have almost a privare "shoe store" were able to save (by using non- in Uom which to select your FREE SHOES. You don't of the methods the Mafia has used Invest }t. yet you can earn up to $100 a week by showing Mason's fine quality air cushion shoes. In union labor) wasn't it?" penetrating legitimate business. There sizes 4 to 16. widths AA-EEE. (o your friends and nelQhbors. Rush postcard for Starting Oultil. FREE A. "Yes, I imagine it was." of •veiling Prize and Bonus Offers TODAYI are thousands more, from the stories

MASON SHOE MFG. CO., Dept. H-627, Chippewa Falls, Wis. 54729 Other, more expensive union frauds a multi-million-dollar conglomerate are common. On one office building con- which was put together with mob money, struction job in greater Boston, a Mafia- down to the hijacking last year of a MARTINS FLAGS controlled union delegate arranged a whole truckload of meat, to the take shylocked loan for a bookkeeper who over of a chain of luxury hotels. \ DISPLAYS FOR * ORGANIZATIONS- had lost company funds at a racetrack. The Mafia uses many of the same TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS The bookkeeper not only paid back the practices that legitimate business uses. Prompt shipment. Ask for our money at an interest rate of but But. since the Cosa Nostra is not guided colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 70A 500%, MARTIN'S FLAG CO.. FORT DODGE. IOWA 50501 the union delegate forced him to carry by ordinary morals or ethics, and since 44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A PRIL 1970 —. —

it does not operate within the confines of mob may have stolen it, and may be us- Spread a little happiness the law. and since it feels free to use ing it illegally; 19. Someone offers to threats and violence to accomplish its sell stock at below-market price goals, it kills legitimate business through chances are it is hot; 20. A competitor unfair competition. frequently secures business for which he

How is legitimate business to fight did not submit the low bid—he has against this enemy? The best way, the something else— (the mob?) —going for U.S. Chamber of Commerce believes, is him. through education. After all, the Cham- The list could be longer, but these are ber points out, many of the big men in the commonest symptoms of an impend- the Mafia are sending their sons to col- ing infiltration by the Cosa Nostra. lege to major in business administration, One overall symptom mentioned by so why shouldn't businessmen take the the Research Institute of America is the same time and effort to study the Mafia? appearance of "a representative from the criminal underworld" who says he is sell- RUM^ IN it's "Deskbook," the Chamber lists ing some sort of a good deal—a sweet- a number of ways in which businesses heart contract, an "association" mem- I MAPLE can tell when their firms are being in- bership, protection or something similar. filtrated, and suggests safeguards against The Institute's advice to businessmen The original such infiltration. Here is a compilation is this: "Whatever you do, try not to aromatic of the most common symptoms: succumb to the tempting alternative of pipe mixture P I 1 . Sudden, unexplained damage to 'going along' with the deal in the hope FREt I property—possibly the mob is softening that by doing so you will save a lot of up the firm to force payment of protec- time, trouble and the risk that recourse tion; 2. Sudden appearance of union to the law might entail. The many case Full Size Package with

pickets possibly the mob will demand histories . . . clearly demonstrate that — this Coupon Only! illegal payments into welfare or pension once the organized underworld sets an funds; 3. Several firms in a profession or initial hook into a business, additional Rum and Maple Tobacco Corp. industry quickly join a new association, hooks are bound to follow." Dept. AL, 30 East 42nd St.,N.Y.10017 or hire a "labor consultant"; 4. A com- NAME pany orders larger quantities of supplies UNFORTUNATELY, according to many than usual—perhaps a scam is being set racket-busters, one main reason for ADDRESS up; 5. new company has a name the success of organized crime is that too A CITY similar to an existing firm—this could be many businessmen, either tempted by STATE ZIP the same-name scam; 6. A reputable greed or because of a fear of getting "in- volved," fail to contact federal, state or company begins hiring known criminals I —the Mafia may have moved in; 7. An local law enforcement officials when employee spends a lot of time on the they see symptoms of criminal intrusion. telephone at the same time every day This was referred to by one of the HEARING AIDS he may be booking bets; 8. Paychecks of mob's most vigorous enemies. Chief P»\/r ON NATIONALLY several employees are endorsed to the Asst. Manhattan District Att'y Alfred OHiL FAMOUS BRANDS same person—he may be a loan-shark or J. Scotti, at a recent seminar co-spon- Order direct and save up to a bookie; 9. Daily visits by a non-em- sored by the National Council on Crime 65% on tiny, all-in-the-ear, behind tlie ear, eyeglass and ployee—he could be a numbers-runner and Delinquency and the New York body models. FREE HOME TRIAL. No down payment. or a bookie; 10. Regular union officers Commerce and Industry Association. Low as $10 monthly. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! If you are suddenly overthrown—the mob may Scotti said that 15 months earlier he have difficulty understanding speech, words sound mumbled. have moved in and taken over; 1 1 had invited businessmen with knowledge often must ask people to repeat statements, or barely hear at all, it must solve hearing Wages of a competitor's employees are of the Mafia's infiltration of business to your problem or no cost to you. If your doctor recommends you use a hearing aid. ask him significantly lower than others in the come into his office in complete con- about Prestige aids. FREE CUSTOM EAR MOLD. Write for free catalog. No salesmen will call. PRESTIGE, same area—could be a mob-engineered fidence and turn over the information. Dept. D-91, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018. sweetheart contract; 1 2. A union applies Not one person came forward during the strong pressure on management to buy entire 15-month period. 47 7 PIECES—3 COMPLETE a table at a union testimonial—clean "It is amazing that law enforcement FISHING OUTFITS OFFER unions don't operate that way; 13. A has been able to do what it has done, de- SEE INSIDE Of lender shows little interest in collateral or spite the lack of cooperation of business BACK COVER references he is probably a shylock, and labor," Scotti said. — You May Order From This who will use violence to collect; 14. An That sentiment is echoed by the Re- Coupon employee begins to request advances on search Institute of America: "Every his salary week after week—he probably businessman who turns his back on MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! is gambling (and, like most gamblers, gambling and loan-sharking, who takes losing); 15. Garnishment proceedings his losses on a bankruptcy swindle in NIRESK DISCOUNT SALES DEPT. FO-128 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60606 are filed against several employees—this silence, or buys labor peace by hiring a ORDER TODAY! If you're not 100% pleased we'll may indicate presence of a loan-shark syndicate-connected consultant, is lend- refund your full purchase price promptly. or bookie; 16. Prices of a competitor are ing support to the whole criminal organ- YOU KEEP 2 FREE TACKLE BOXES REGARDLESS! so low that normal business practices ism. Please rush 411 pes. 3 Complete Fishing Sets NAME could not explain it—the mob may be "Some of the first steps may be diffi- ADDRESS opening a new outlet; 17. Theft of pack- cult, even uncomfortable. But business CITY STATE ZIP ing equipment or labels—the Cosa may be running a greater risk by delay. I enclose $12.95 plus $1.00 for postage & Nostra may be preparing to dispose of There's still truth in the old adage that handling.

Ship C.O.D. I will pay C.O.D. charges & stolen goods; 1 8. A credit card account all that is necessary for evil to triumph is postage. shows a spurt of sudden activity—the for good men to do nothing." the end To Canada: $14.95 including Postage & Duty THE AM ERICAN LEGION IVIAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 45 .

THE lOOTH BIRTHDAY OF NIKOLAI LENIN AMERICANISM DISPLAYED (Continued from page 13) IN THE FINEST TRADITION! cally labeled "Mensheviks" (from the to overthrow Kerensky's temporary rev- rans organizations offer community the greatest Russian word inenshinstvo, meaning olutionary regime, he gave them the ic service by promoting Flag displays. "minority"). slogan "All power to the Soviets!" When V.ni VKJCvivv an 18 ft., 3- piCH'f. white t)akGU enamel The major work written by Lenin at he achieved control, he suppressed the sU't'l pole and a rust-pi'oof siinT>Ie t'» install, prround this time was What Is To Be Done? Soviets at gunpoint when need be, but socket, plus a 3-ft. x n-fl. cotton rtaK that clips on to a Often given the silent treatment in Rus- incorporated their name in the title of plastic Lanyard with stain- less slGGl, quick-connect sia today, this pamphlet is crucial for a the new government. fastener.-;.

Write for this greatest flaj? true understanding of Bolshevist ideol- In all of this he was true to the au- \ ;tUie ever olfered to any M sraiiization. Order your ogy, and of Lenin's politics. thoritarian spirit of the 1902-03 work. sample Flap: with l-iomntion Pi-ofrrani Knlay. The main points of the writing can be What Is To Be Done? which had not M. W. MILLER CO., summarized as follows: been meant for the eyes of rank and Fairmont, Minnesota 56031 1. Socialism, he claimed, is the prod- file workers. It, like other pamphlets

uct of talented middle class minds (like soon to follow it, was addressed exclu-

Marx, Engels or Lenin himself), and is TWA 22 DAY VACATION IN by no means the result of the thoughts and activities of the "ignorant" workers, as the Mensheviks and other "oppor- L I M I T E D T O tunists" maintain. AMERICAN 2. Revolution and his form of social- LEGION MEMBERS ism must be forced on the workers "from AND THEIR FAMILIES outside," since they couldn't think out what they needed, or how to get it, or PROFESSIONALLY-CONDUCTED if COPENHAGEN—2 NIGHTS even stick to a plan of action some- BERLIN—2 NIGHTS one gave it to them. Workers, when left MADRID—2 NIGHTS ROME—3 NIGHTS to their own devices, develop only VENICE—2 NIGHTS LUCERNE— 2 NIGHTS money-grabbing "trade-union" ideas, PARIS— 3 NIGHTS LONDON—2 NIGHTS said Lenin, as he named himself the head IRELAND—2 NIGHTS PLUS 1-DAY SIDE TRIP TO SWEDEN of the working classes. FULL PRICE $70060 3. Bolshevist revolutionary organiza- from New York # ~~ Includes: tions must combine legal activity (via a all transportation to and from Europe and be- tween all above European cities by scheduled political party, newspapers, agitation airlines (no long, tiring bus or train rides), within unions, demonstrations, etc.) with carefully selected hotels (all rooms with pri- vate bath), baggage handling, tips, transfers, illegal subversion (plotting the over- service charges, sightseeing, multi-lingual guides, most meals, fulltime professional tour throw of the government, whether Tsar- manager, etc. ist or democratic, and shooting politics MONTHLY DEPARTURES out of the barrel of a gun). FOR NEXT 12 MONTHS 4. Bolshevist revolutionary organiza- "We're not washing hands, making beds, SPECIAL tions are to be run from the all-powerful emptying wastebaskets or doing home- Center, assuring perfect unity between POST-CONVENTION work until allowances are raised." DEPARTURE scattered revolutionary cells, unquestion-

ing obedience and iron discipline. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE TWA TOUR FOR LEGIONNAIRES American International Tours & Travel, Inc. These were the main points of What 612 Church St., Evanston, Illinois 60201 Is To Be Done? Many of its principles sively to potential recruits for Bolshe- Please send itinerary and facts. were carried over into the post-1917 vism among the members of the Russian Name period and put into practice in the So- Social Democratic Labor Party. Street viet Republic in the form of "Essentials In March 1917, Lenin was in Switzer-

City State. of Leninism," as Stalin put it. After land when the Tsar was suddenly over- CHOICE DATES FILLING FAST 1917, the same enforced obedience to thrown by a spontaneous and leaderless FOR FAST ACTION the ruling Communist Party in the Soviet uprising of city mobs. Lenin had not PHONE COllECT 312 491-1740 State was demanded of the people as a been in Russia for ten years, and he had

whole, as it had been of Lenin's revolu- recently predicted that revolution in Rus- tionary cells before the Revolution. sia "would not come in my lifetime." 2 fori WAREHOUSE CLEARANCE SALE Moreover, the workers were told that Now it had happened and "power was .ft © 1969 Viki ng "their" dictatorship required them to lying in the streets." Dispirited, hungry submit to ironclad discipline. He en- citizens and mutinous soldiers had come TWO * $3.96 VALUE \S 10 Year Guarantee FOR r TWO FOR THE PRICE OF ONE forced it with the secret police and the to the end of centuries of suffering under Rjiztii- sharp lirolime .stool blade opens easily and automr new Red Army, which Lenin's colleague, aristocratic rule, capped by the Tsar's allv liiolsK in place. I'U.SH-HUTTON relea.se. TouKh, razor sloci blade honed and polished lo mirror-like finish. Bal Leon Trotsky, organized. incompetent management of the war anced r<»r tai-Ret thi-ow injj. l.opral size. Not a switch-blade Blade OUARANTEFD 10 YEAR.S. If blaele breaks we re These policies bore no resemblance economy and the military in WWl. In place rree. 3()-day MONEY BACK GUAR.\NTEE. A favor ile with sportsmen. Priced for quick sale of 200. 000 knives. to the that the confusion that followed the deposi- Makes ixi-ellent sift for any man or boy. Two for $1.98 "anarcho-syndicalism" Lenin plu^ .-.Oc shippinB. .Send cash. rk. or M.O. lo VIKING KNIVKS. Dept. K-19. Box 10880. Houston. Tex. 77018. had preached before he captured power. tion of the royal house, a Provisional Before 1917 he had said that the workers Government was set up. first under would make decisions via "soviets" in Prince Lvov, and then under Alexander "their own" socialized factories. A "so- Kerensky. a member of one of the many Sf 11 naw lifetime. Golden Metal viet" was a local council running its own underground socialist parties. Kerensky, Social Security Plates in spare lime for BIG PKOFITS. Millions wailing lo buy. affairs, and a factory soviet was a council who lives in New York City today, was No invoslmeni or obligation whatsoever. SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE AND of workers running a factory. When such an agreeable and liberal man that COMPLETE SALES KIT NOW.' Lenin needed the support of mobs and hardly anyone objected to his temporary RUSSELL PRODUCTS CO. P.O. BOX 286 AL-6 PULASKI, TENN 38478 armed remnants of the Tsar's military leadership until a constitutional conven- 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 tion could be called to establish a social rMAN-MADE POLYMERIC democracy. Tiie little Bolshevik cells in Russia, including men like Stahn and NEW PRICE Molotov, had been operating by remote control during Lenin's long absence, and SHOES they, too, joined in support of the Pro- visional Government. These events caught Lenin by com- plete surprise. He saw that, if he re- mained in Svi'itzerland, opportunity to take charge during the confused state of things in Russia would slip through his fingers. He had to return home, he told his wife, Krupskaya. After several weeks of negotiation be- tween himself and agents of the German Kaiser in Berlin, Lenin and several of his followers were granted permission by the German Emperor, and indeed were eagerly abetted by the Germans, to make TAKE YOUR train from the long journey by sealed CHOICE OF YOU'LL BE SHOCKED Switzerland into Russia and the "Finland FOUR STYLES WHEN YOU SEE OUR SHOES Station" in Petrograd. Russia, though on these Extraordi- CASH IN NOW After what you've paid for shoes, you'll still technically in the war nary Savings! The day of the high prostrate, was wonder how any such price as ours can priced shoe is over. Folks are paying on the Allied side. The German motive be. Well, you get top quality uppers, many dollars less than ever before, in aiding Lenin was to help overthrow good lifetime laces, life-of the shoe PVC thanks to the miracle new "polymeric" the new revolutionary regime in Russia sole and heels, flexible support shank shoe materials. This is no "cheap imi- in the arch, gentle foam heel cushions, totally of the war. and knock her out It's' the real thing; the tation" shoe. superior gentlemen's detailing. The Price Shoe that looks and feels New works! Even the new luxury linings. BACK in his native country, and wears as well as any shoe you ONCE IS yOUR,S/Z£ ON THIS CHART? Lenin took command of the con- have ever worn and yet costs a frac- tion of the price. fused Bolshevik cadre who had strayed CARRyf from his party line. Instead of support- ALL THESE f overnment line, or-the-Provisional-G SIZES! Lenin preached subversion of the bud- ding new democracy. At the same time, he ordered his Bolshevik editors and Please note: At fhe price we sell shoes, we propagandists to shower a whole cata- are not allowed to mention the famous logue of promises upon the restive brand name of this new shoe workers and peasants: peace, land, and material. Suffice it to say it looks e top grain leather, performs bread; calling of a freely-elected Con- even better. Why pay higher stituent Assembly which would draft a and higher prices? Get in free Constitution for a Russian Republic; on this astounding low socialized factories in which the workers price. Send in now: would run things and share in the profits; TWO PAIRS FOR $14.95 freedom of speech, press, and assembly, ^gTip We will be proud to send them no strings attached; abolition of ranks to you for ON APPROVAL and privileges in the armed services and AT HOME INSPECTION civilian administration; abolition of the Your remittance refunded in full death penalty and Siberian exile; a pros- if you do not choose to wear them. perous material life in which there would See It Yourself! be no inequality. so on. And SOONER Use this Coupon ! The basic Lenin work, in which these OR LATER recipes for Bolshevik pie-in-the-sky may YOU WILL BE WEARING be found, is the August 1917 pamphlet THE NEW PRICE SHOES HOW WHAT COLOR ft STYLE written by Lenin under the title State Today's new man-made shoe TWO PAIRS MANY SIZE and Revolution, a title borrowed from materials beat the price out Black Oxfords lof leather, at Brown Oxfords Peter Tkachev. According to a recent scoff scuffs, FOR $14.95 keep better shape, and Cordovan Oxfords issue of Pravda, State and Revolution Never Need a Shine. Why HABAND COMPANY Black Loafers is the Lenin writing most exported out spend even one dollar more 265 North 9th Street shoes? Here's something Cordovan Loafers of Russia for consumption by "class- for PATERSON. N.J. 07508 [NEW. Here's something Black Wing Tips conscious toilers in foreign countries." O.K. Gentlemen, send me the PROVEN. two pairs of Shoes specified Brown Wing Tips There is much in the pamphlet that would r AS ADVERTISED IN at right. My remittance of Black Monk Strap appeal to unsophisticated audiences in Life Magazine $ is enclosed. Asia, Africa and Latin America. Many The New York Times AL-5 Wall Street Journal Russians, some of them avowed Bolshe- National Observer Name . viks, were themselves fooled by Lenin's Look Magazine Newsweek Street . promises. Some years after the Novem- City & ZIP ber 1917 Bolshevik coup d'etat, Lenin HABAND State . .CODE made some rather rare, frank statements Paterson, N. J. 07508 HABAND COMPANY - Operating by U.S. Mail since 1925 (^Continued on page 48) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 47 . —

THE lOOTH BIRTHDAY OF NIKOLAI LENIN MEN*WOMEN*COUPLES (Continued from page 47) MOTEL CAREERS AVAILABLE about the kinds of promises he had made had seized power and intended to hang in 1917 just before the coup. In his onto it forever. Dictatorship became The assistant manager of a speech made to the party in May 1919, the order of the day. Lenin said soon large motel in Dallas, Texas, is As former U.S. Navy man, KEN Lenin rebuked those comrades who al- after the 1917 seizure of power: "How GENTRY, who enroUed in the motel training program under ways kept bringing up the subject of can the strictest unity of will be guar- the new GI Bill. "This field is full of opportunity. Thanks to his "unfulfilled promises." He explained anteed? Only by the subordination of the the fine training I received that the promises on which his party got wills of thousands to the will of one." through Universal Motel Schools, I was able to accept itself into power were made under "ad- One very big promise, however, stuck, my present position." verse conditions" and were directed only like a bone in Lenin's throat. Even some Would YOU like to meet exciting people, at the emotions of the masses. Such of his Central Committee comrades have job security, travel and live in pleas- promises, he said, ''do not count." thought it should be fulfilled, at least ant surroundings? UNIVERSAL trains you Reading Lenin's Utopian promises in in part. This was the long-standing ;it home as Motel Managers, Clerks, House- keepers and Hostesses, followed by two Soviet Russia today, a Russian does not pledge made by all political parties be- weeks Resident Training at MIAMI BEACH, know whether to weep bitterly or to fore November 1917. to call an all- FLA. or LAS VEGAS, NEVADA. Age no laugh. Lenin the promiser wrote in Au- Russian Constituent Assembly, reminis- barrier— maturity an asset. Nationwide em- gust 1917: cent of the Convention that wrote the ployment assistance. For FREE information mail coupon today! Accredited Member N.H.S.C, • All governmental power will begin U.S. Constitution in Philadelphia in to be diminished immediately after 1787. For weeks the Bolsheviks debated APPROVED FOR VETERANS UNDER NEW G.I. BILL the revolution. the question among themselves, while • The military, the police, jails, etc., Lenin stubbornly said "No!" Eventually, UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOLS, Dept. AL-4 will start to disappear once the "dem- 1901 N.W. 7 Street. Miami. Tit. 33139 a majority of Lenin's comrades prevailed ocratic dictatorship of the proletariat" upon him, and the Assembly was per- PiMte Print comes into operation, mitted to meet. Name • Everyone, including ordinary workers and Russian housewives, will partici- Perhaps no other event in Soviet his- Address .Age. pate directly in the '"simple operations tory reveals so much about Lenin and

City .State. of control and accounting" within so- the Communists as does that tragic one- cialist society, and everyone will gov- day meeting of the last freely-elected Zip. .Phone. ern. assembly in Russia. The precedent of • Authorities will enjoy the same rank, how the Communists destroyed it. and station in life, even salary, as the Russian democracy along with it, is a NOW YOU CAN workers and peasants, or about 6,000 reminder to any contemporary non- :li rubles per year [today's average i aiivii aii Communist democratic country not to worker's salary is about 1,500 1,000 BY MAIL! rubles], neglect, but to defend its democratic in- • The "workers' democracy," which stitutions. ON YOUR SIGNATURE ONLY! It s true! You can will replace "middle class democ- Elected by no less than 36 million Rus- get money for any good purpose, by mail! If you are steadily employed, your signature is all it racy," will be ten times more demo- sian voters, an Assembly that was largely takes to get the cash you need. cratic. No endorsers, no personal interviews, no agent non-Bolshevik and considerably anti- will call. You fast, personal • No violence will be permitted get service. Every- Bolshevik took its seats in Tavrida Pal- thing handled entirely by mail! Strictly confiden- "against men in general" and "all tial. No obligation. Details mailed fast in plain ace in Petrograd (renamed Leningrad force will envelope. Fill out coupon below, MaW today to; need for the application of three days after Lenin died) on a bitterly AMERICAN LOAN PLAN, City National Bank BIdg,. vanish, as will subjection of one man Omaha, Nebr, 68102. cold January 18, 1918. The Bolsheviks r-— ————————————————————~—— to another, or one part of the popu- AMERICAN LOAN PLAN, Depl EA-0432 lation to another." had won only about 20% of the vote. City National Bank BIdg , Omaha, Nebr. 68102 Lenin's very words. This was quite a setback when you real- ize that much of the country was honey- But once Lenin the promiser became combed with Chekists and Communists Lenin the leader of the Soviet State, the during the time of the balloting. But still promises began to be cast aside. the Russian people refused to support Describing his Soviet Government as the Communists. Lenin had been proved temporary in the decree signed by him right in his fear that the Bolsheviks on Nov. 8, 1917. Lenin immediately set would be roundly rejected in a free con- about making it permanent. "Hostile" test. And so dozens of speeches were newspapers were suppressed, ditto po- made inside the Tavrida Palace while litical parties. Revolutionary Tribunals Bolshevik armed guards, consisting were established all over the country and mostly of Latvian sharpshooters, ringed justice, if it can be called that, was meted the building and were posted at all doors out to "counter-revolutionary elements," TABLE & CHAIR CATALOG FROMl to the palace. Lenin's behavior was typi- by means of drumhead firing squads. cally contemptuous. He lounged in the The Cheka (abbreviation for the Russian front of the hall, slouched rudely down words for "Extraordinary Commission in his seat, his feet propped up against MONROE for Fighting Counter-revolution") was quality ban- I Buy established under the sadistic non-Rus- quet equipment i sian, Felix Dzerzhinsky. The Cheka was at direct - from- M CHANGE OF ADDRESS factory prices. M the forerunner of the later state police Notify C.ircuhUioii Dept., P. O. Box WRITE TODAY! agencies—GPU. NKVD. MVD and 19.">4, Indianapolis, Ind, 46206, using ^ KGB. Post Office Foiin 3.i78. .\ttach old ^IV THEMONROETABLECO. address label and gi\e old and new his of about a 69 Church St,, Colfax, Iowa 50054 Lenin and tiny group ImmOk. JMHS addresses with /ip code and current dozen Commissars and other Bolshevik me!td)crship card number. .\lso be HELP YOUR POSTOFFiCE HELP YOU colleagues, abetted by some 25,000 loyal sure to notify your Post .Xdjutani. Zip Code ALL your mail and disciplined local Bolshevik agents.

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 the raised platform. At intervals he "Prorogued" means "deferred to a later have had enough of opposition!" Lenin yawned audibly, smirked or guffawed date." Thus ended the ane day that did insisted at the congress. The Cheka and at non-Bolshevik speakers. Occasionally not shake the world, nor Lenin's dicta- Trotsky's soldiers stood behind these the Bolshevik claque noisily interfered torship. Today, as I found on a recent declarations. with the speakers. trip to Leningrad, Tavrida Palace func- What were the gripes of the Bolshe-

As if to signal that an end should be tions as a "Higher Party School." The viks who thus opposed their founder? put to what Lenin called the "bourgeois- words of Lenin hover over—the palace The best statement ever made by disil- democratic talk fest," Lenin abruptly left like an unwelcome ghost "The dis- lusioned Communists—with the possi- the auditorium, returning to his head- persal of the Constituent Assembly by ble exception of the Czechoslovak re- quarters in Smolny Institute down the the Soviet Government is a frank and formed-Communists in 1968— is that of street. Then the going really got rough complete liquidation of formal democ- the Kronstadt sailors and their Com- inside the hall. By repeatedly stamping racy in the name of revolutionary dicta- munist leaders. It was this island fortress their feet, shouting and jumping up on torship." Which explains why the As- of garrisoned Red sailors situated in the the speaker's rostrum, Bolshevik agita- sembly is still prorogued after 52 years. Baltic Sea near Petrograd which openly in tors made it all but impossible for any- revolted against the Lenin regime one to finish a sentence. Suddenly, the FROM mid-January 1918 forward, March of 1921. Some of them had held lights were turned off. "We're going Lenin's regime was on the defense, the rifles that sent the Constituent As- home!" shouted one of the riflemen- as anti-Bolshevik sentiments within the sembly home. guards, and his comrades proceeded to population began to be converted into The first grievance of the Kronstadters empty the hall, at gun-point when neces- armies of counter-Bolshevik soldiers. against Lenin was aimed at his govern- sary. Prisons began to fill up with "pol-plen- ment's poor economic performance. The next day, Tavrida Palace was niki," or political prisoners. The Lenin Production of consumer goods, sorely bolted tight and guards were posted to toll in lives began to mount. But, at the needed by the Russian population, was cordon off the building. Meanwhile, same time, a virulent political opposition not more than a fourth of the pre-World many of the delegates, especially the bet- within the Bolshevik party began to de- War I figure. Peasants could not work ter known socialists and liberals, were velop, much to Lenin's horror. The fa- the soil properly since production of ag- arrested, sent to labor camps, impris- mous Tenth Party ("Unity") Congress ricultural tools and equipment was neg- oned, banished from the country or (1921) went down in Communist his- lected in favor of production of weapons shot. The Constituent Assembly "is tory as Lenin's classical way of dealing and vehicles needed for enforcing the hereby prorogued," announced the Soviet with opposition in his own party. Dis- dictatorship. Paper-money inflation Government, with the authority of the agreement with the party line by party reached such astronomical heights that

Chairman of the Council of People's members, he said, is a "breach of party workers' wages were often paid in kind Commissars, V. L Ulyanov (Lenin). discipline" and will not be tolerated. "We (Continued on page 50)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 49 THE lOOTH BIRTHDAY OF NIKOLAI LENIN START A BUSINESS (Continued from page 49) this qukk way —food rations, clothing, shoes—since written by the ailing leader. All sorts the real value of their earnings had heen of new agencies were created to "com- reduced nearly to zero. bat bureaucracy." Having become sus- Second, the Kronstadt rebels, and they picious of Stalin, Lenin advised his had many sympathizers beyond Petro- comrades to find some way of "removing grad, demanded an end to dictatorship Stalin." But in this, as in many other by a single party and the single leader, respects, the comrades ignored him. One Lenin. night, on the spur of the moment and LAWN MOWER SHARPENER Third, all land was to be returned with almost frantic suspicion, the ailing Sharpen Hand or Power Precision-grind all to the peasants, from in Lenin ordered his chauffeur to drive ^"'^ power whom many Saws with the f'""'^ lawn mowers per- — cases it had been appropriated in the him unnoticed and unannounced to job every t,r.e. FOLEY SAW FILER V^^' ^ name of "nationalization of all prop- his empty Kremlin office. There he saw Start your business in sparetime and make CASH erty." terrified looks on the faces of underlings PROFITS right away. No stock to carry, no selling Factories were to go to the involved, no experience needed — the Foley Saw Filer workers to be run by the Soviets, as who watched him stalking his office like or mower sharpener does every sharpening job auto- matically! Earn up to $6 an hour sparetime in your promised by Lenin in State and Revolu- own garage or basement. FREE BOOK shows how you can make tion and in other articles and speeches money as thousands ^^^m of others have. Send before November 7, 1917. And so on. K^?9'i coupon today. There's no obligation, and mF' Bl no salesman will call — so write today! Naturally, Lenin and his men did not

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NAME marched it on Kronstadt. The sailors ADDRESS- asked for a meeting to state their griev- ances. Instead they were given an ulti- FREE "^^m matum to surrender, followed by an TABLES! CATALOG iSHI armed attack. • OFFICE & LOUNGE FURNITURE Lenin sent his white-garbed Red Sol- • BANQUET & MEETING FURNITURE diers across the ice in a driving snow • TENNIS TABLES • COAT/HAT RACKS storm on the night of March 8, 192L , 7 • The sailors defended themselves vali- Adirondack antly but hopelessly. The attackers suf- CHAIRS! 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010 fered 4,127 wounded and 527 killed. No

Shippina Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO figures for the losses inflicted on the BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES rebels have ever been released, but they were overcome. "Once Kronstadt had DONT QUIT SMOKING been taken," writes Roland Gaucher in his new book. Opposition in the before giving my pipe U.S.S.R. 1917-1967 (Funk & Wagnalls, 1969), a 30 Day Trial "the Cheka's tribunals moved in. There New principle that contradicts every idea you' ve ever had about pipe smok- were mass arrests. Petrograd's prisons ing. I guarantee it to smoke cool and were jammed. Every night little groups mild hour after hour, day after day, 'I was afraid to arrest him, Sarg. I've al- without rest, without bite, bitterness of prisoners were taken out of their cells ready been sued twice this month." or sludge. To prove it, I'll let you try a new Carey Pipe. and shot . . . Those who were spared Send your THE .IMFKICAN LEGION M.-iGAZINE name and address today for my were loaded on to trains and shipped to free complete trial offer. Write: the north and the camps of Arkhangel. E. A.CAREY, 1920 Sunnyside Ave.. Dept. 246 0, Chicaeo40 an unwanted ghost. The visit lasted only These men would never be seen again." HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS a few hours, after which Lenin's doctors Should the presently spreading anti- ordered him to return to his suburban Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time Lenin campaign, represented by the Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service Moscow retreat of Gorky. That was the inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious Medvedev manuscript, ever build into alive. men. We show you HOW — in your basement or garage to last time he came to the Kremlin earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait, large-scale insurrection, the "Kronstadt ACT NOW! Get the facts. A few months later he died. Stalin, Write for folder No. A-4, and free bonus offer. Program" of the demands made by the whom Lenin had belatedly warned his ^Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. sailors against the Lenin regime would followers to cast off, jockeyed himself P'O.P. O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. 10314 undoubtedly be resurrected. into position as the chief mourner, and Just before he died and while he was the Lenin cult was born. prevented by illness from working in his The rest of the heritage that started FLUSHES UP Kremlin office for over a year, Lenin with Lenin has been surveyed time and to sewer or septic tank seems to have been plagued by a dozen again—the brutal collectivization drive, no digging up floors. demons besides popular dissatisfaction. the ever-increasing number of labor

WRITE , . . McPHERSON, INC. He began to become aware of a con- camps, violent insurrections among the BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614 spiracy against him from within his own population that were put down by the Politburo (some say Stalin had Lenin Soviet police and military, the blood- M:|J.\Yl.ll>iJ:MIB:1:/.Vli:r^l.Ill.'U poisoned). He became increasingly con- bath purges of the 1930's, the wartime IRRIGflTE-ORAIN-SPRAY-CIRCULATE. All-metal, just-proof, Type XB, Stainless shaft. Use I/4 HP fused as to how to handle the ponderous and postwar Soviet take-overs in the Bal- or larger. 1 HP 1,200 GPH 60' high or 3,000 25' bureaucracy which he had created. The tic States, Eastern Central and Balkan 1 well, 5,200 GPH max. In; 1" out. Belt or direct drive $12.95 Soviet State had become a Franken- Europe, the lack of elementary civil lib- jType P won't rust or cIor. Bron/e brng. Jo 2,<)00 GPH. 1" in; 3,j" out $8.95 stein's monster, and its creator had no erties and so on. Postpaid cash with order idea how to manage it. Utterly useless celebration takes places this April MONEY BACK GUARANTEE The LABAWCO, Box 21, Belle Mead, N. J. 06502 "secret letters to the Politburo" were 22. THE END

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 — .

THE ADVENTURE OF THE MAYFLOWER PILGRIMS more burial grounds. Digging into one. (Continued from page 26) they came upon a bundle of sailing canvas. Inside were the bones and skull agree. "No seaman who has weathered dog and John Goodman's spaniel of a child and a man "with fine yellow Cape Cod needs any better explanation romped and snifl'ed until a whistle called hair." They surmised these were ship- than a head wind on unbuoyed Pollock the Indians' dog from play. Probably Rip to explain why the Mayflower turned Goodman's mastiff was not along be- wrecked European fishermen, probably back," says naval historian Samuel Eliot cause there was no room in the boat. a father and son, who perished from Morison.) The next day the party came upon a hunger or were killed by Indians. Ten Rounding the fist of Cape Cod, the field of corn stubble. On a nearby hill bushels of corn were taken and "sundrie prettiest in Mayflower anchored in what is now they found fresh burial mounds and un- of the things" the grave be- Provincetown Harbor. "Being thus ar- covered baskets of yellow, red and blue fore they returned to the ship. rived," said Bradford, "they fell upon corn. Bradford marveled at the size of They had been at Cape Cod nearly a their knees and blessed the God of the kernels. As seeds they were a god- month and still they had found no site. Heaven." After their sea ordeal, the send. They took as much as they could Studying a copy of Capt. John Smith's Saints decided that the bleakness of Cape carry and returned to the Mayflower. chart, brought with them from England, Cod was at that moment infinitely pref- The sloop fixed. Captain Jones led 24 other sites offered possibilities, including erable as a plantation site than wherever men and nine crewmen on the second two which were 45 miles north, near

it was they were headed. The decision Discovery. They found little besides (Continued on page 52) sparked more dissension than ever. By whose authority, the Strangers asked, did the Saints presume to govern them, considering their patent was invalid north of Long Island? "Mutiny threat- ened," said Bradford. A compromise was reached in The Mayflower Compact. Although the orig- inal document was lost, Bradford re- called the text. They agreed to form "a civill body politick ... to enacte . . .just and equall lawes . . . for the generall good of the Colonic, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." The Compact was a milestone in the evolu- tion of democracy. After its signing by 41 male adult passengers, Carver, 46, Talk about EASY MONEY! "Reg" Regen- was elected to a one-year term as gov- nitter of Illinois will tell you that he's ernor. no super salesman. He doesn't have to be, because our "Quick-Cash" Kit does every- thing but write up the orders for you FOR A colony site began. Hard SEARCH and stuff the cash in your pocket. usage during the voyage had badly You need no experience. No special train- damaged the little sloop (shallop, they ing. You don't invest one penny. Go to called it) brought along in the hold for any place of business in your neighbor- hood and say "I can save you big money coastal exploration. Many days would be on your business cards, sales books, letter- required to repair it. Soundings indicated heads, envelopes and all your printed Cape Cod Bay was too shallow in places forms." Show your Quick-Cash Sample Kit to your Then prove it! Flip the pages of your to risk sailing the Mayflower there until Dry Cleaner, Service Station, Restaurant, Quick-Cash Kit showing eye-catching Beauty Shop, Tavern or Barber Shop! its waters had been explored. A samples of top-quality printing offered landing party rowed ashore in the cap- at fantastic savings from the world's START NOW! EVERYTHING'S tain's longboat, looked around briefly largest direct-selling printers THROUGH YOU! Imagine offering 1,000 business FRFF> and returned with firewood. The next ^ cards for just $5.75? 500 full-size letter- ^ day, Sunday, the Saints held religious heads for only $8.45! FREE services to the usual exasperation of the Part-time — full-time — any time! You BUSINESS .•w.. - 1 write orders ship's crew and the impatient Strangers. up and collect big cash com- CARDS . . missions ON THE SPOT. No deliveries your Nam* I Considering the lateness StrMI Town i Slate 1 of the year and to make. No balance to collect. "Reg" QUICK-CASH the imminence of snow, time was crit- Regennitter makes as much as $75.00 in KIT just one day. Allan Vivat pockets $150.00 ical. The Strangers argued that God Mail coupon today for big Quick-Cash Kit in a week. On a Saturday alone, you can bulging with exciting samples of top money- would forgive the Saints if, for once, they make a quick $50.00 extra cash. Your makers at lowest prices anywhere. We in- did not keep the Sabbath. The Saints profits pile up on repeat orders, and you clude 100 free business cards featuring your own name, address and phone. Send coupon would not budge and accounts also earn valuable bonus gifts—watches, some say today and discover how easy it is to turn housewares, television, appliances. your spare hours into QUICK C.'^SH. the crew was for dumping everybody on the beach and making sail for England. National Press, Inc., Dept. 038, North Chicago, Illinois 60064 Early Monday, the women went Start me immediately. Rush giant money-making outfit. ashore to wash nine weeks' accumulation FREE! POSTPAID! Include free business cards. of dirty laundry in a pond. Afterward, Carefully hand print so your cards will be printed correctly. they strung it out to dry on the May- flower's yardarms, as the planned Print name. men "Over 40 Years of Serving America — , explorations—or "Discoveries," as Brad- Over 500,000 Customers" Address- ford called them. The first left with City _State_ _2ip_ NATIONAL PRESS, INC. Dept. 038 • Standish in command of a party of 15. North Chicago, Illinois 60064 ! Phone Number- -Age_ They spotted some Indians with a dog. GOOD ONiy IN CONTINENTAL U.S.A. The Indians fled into the woods but their

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 51 — 1

YOU CAN OWN A 56' x 12' MOBILE THE ADVENTURE OF THE MAYFLOWER PILGRIMS — (Continued from page 51) HOME, KING SIZE LOT and where Gloucester is now located. Coppin which we celebrate today as Forefathers UTILITIES-ALL FOR ONLY recalled another good harbor inside Cape Day, December 21, by our later Gre- ^6995 FULL PRICE Cod. While bartering with Indians on an gorian calendar, they "sounded the earlier voyage, one had run off with a harbor," said Bradford, "and founde it Easy Terms Available harpoon. The sailors on that trip dubbed fitt for shipping; and marched into the the place. "Thievish Harbor." Smith's land, and found diverse cornfields, and

chart identified it as the site of the pres- little runing brooks, a place (as they sup-

ent Plymouth. posed) fitt for situation; at least it was They agreed to examine the place. If the best place they could find, and the unsatisfactory, they would leave Cape season, and their presente necessitie, Cod. While preparing for the third Dis- made them glad to accepte it." Not in covery, 14-year-old Francis Billington Bradford's narrative nor in any other 60' X 12' & 64' X 12' Models Also Available stole into the captain's cabin, found a contemporary account is there a hint

gun and was playing with it when it dis- that anyone noticed, much less landed ocated In The Heart Of The Citrus And Lake charged near an open keg of gunpowder. on, Plymouth Rock, which jutted out of Section Of Florida, On Four Lane U.S. #441-27. Miraculously, the flash did not detonate the water some yards from shore. The Why pay rent when you can immediately move into a it. The explosion probably would have beach offered a better landing. First brand new two bedroom Mobile Home beautifully furnished on a 75 ft. x 125 ft. lot, all in readiness for blown up the Mayflower and ail aboard. immediate occupancy enjoy leisure Florida living to The following morning, 18 set out at its best. The original offering of 480 units was completely sold out. New addition now ready. Inves- along the coastline for Plymouth. A tigate before its too late! For free booklet "Mobile more direct course was straight across Home Living in Florida", photos and information write: the bay. but the hard-blown, ugly, gray- ORANGE BLOSSOM HILLS, Dept. 23-A and-white-flecked water made them think 2148 N.E. 164tli Street, Miami. Florida 33162 REDUCIBLE better of the idea. As the sloop plunged through heavy chop, spume glazed coats, RUPTURE AGONY stocking caps, the mast, sails and hull. Removed (or trial At nightfall, they camped on shore, built COSTS YOU NOTHING) a protective barricade of tree branches WHEN you slip into a and posted sentries. Shortly after dawn low-cost, contour-designed a great cry came from the woods and Brooks Patented Air Cush- arrows zinged. An Indian behind a tree ion Appliance! Your re- ducible rupture will be held got off three arrows and Standish's shot in securely yet gently—or splintered the bark. The Indians fled and the trial costs you nothing! This invention were pursued, the landing party firing as has made millions of sufferers happy. You they ran. Nobody was hit. can enjoy heavenly comfort night and day at work and play— or the Appliance costs you NOTHING. Isn't this worth a no-risk trial by ABANDONING THE chase. they re- you? If interested, write for free facts now. boarded the sloop and pressed on BROOKS CO., 302-H State St., Mar$hall,Mich. 49068 toward Plymouth. Within hours the wind "Since he retired, he sits and chuckles RIDE STEAM POWERED and chop worsened. Rain turned to sleet over the commuter report broadcast." PASSENGER TRAINS. and snow. Many were for landing before niE AMERICAN LEGION M \(i \ZINK they froze. Coppin reassured them that

they were nearing Plymouth. Suddenly, mention of Plymouth Rock came 1 2 the rudder snapped. Oars were immedi- years later when lohn Fauncc said his

ately shipped, but it was as much as two father told him it was "the place where men could do to steer in the turbulent the forefathers landed." Faunce's father bay. Near nightfall, the mast cracked, came to Plymouth three years after the broke into three pieces and toppled over- Mayflower. John Faunce was 95 years For Timetable & Folder write: Green Mountain board, carrying all canvas with it. Still he told the story. Railroad Corp. P. O. Box 57 Dept. N-1, old when Chester Depot, Vermont 05144 they bent to the oars, the hard-driven Returning across the bay to the May- How To Hold rain and snow needle-pricking their flower, they found three passengers had hands and faces. A harbor loomed. died and a dozen were gravely ill from FALSE TEETH "Lord be merciful." said Coppin, "but pneumonia. Among the dead was Brad- my eyes have never seen this place be- ford's wife. She plunged overboard Firmer Longer had fore!" Dead ahead was a cove full of and drowned. Bradford skips over her Do your false teeth annoy and embarrass breakers pounding a swirling froth on the death in his narrative, but historians sur- you by coming loose and dropping whenever you eat, laugh or talk? Then sprinkle famous rocks. With disaster imminent, "a lusty mise that she was despondent after leav- FASTEETH on your plates. PASTEETH Den- ture Adhesive Powder holds dentures firmer seaman" cried, "If ye be men. about with ing her son in Holland, and, seeing the longer. Makes eating easier. FASTEETH is her, or else we will all be cast away!" bleakness of Cape Cod, killed herself. A alkaline — won't sour under dentures. No gummy, gooey, pasty taste. Dentures that fit Desperately, the oarsmen steered off. week after the celebrated landing, the are essential to health. See your dentist reg- Later, the outline of land appeared Mayflower stood in toward Plymouth, ularly. Get FASTEETH at all drug counters. through the storm. Making shore, they anchored, and the passengers began go- managed to kindle a fire, then fell into ing ashore. an exhausted sleep. Day dawned bright More than half of them died of scurvy,

Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo and clear. They were on a small island pneumonia and tuberculosis during the for a briKht future with security in vital meat business. BiR pay, full-time Jobs three miles northeast of Plymouth. Tired first six months. Martin and Mullins HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF VOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- able. Diploma civen. .Tob help. Thou- and cold, they rested that day and the were among the first. Only five of the t)f successful graduates. OUR 4Gth YEAR! send now for bic new illusliated next, a Sunday. 18 wives survived. During the worst of ;ili>t'. No oblipralioii, O.I. Approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING On Monday. December II, 1620, "the great sickness" only seven were able n*-|i( \-l!<>. Toli-flc. Ohio 43604 52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A PRIL 1970 to care for the others, including Brew- ster and Standish. The dead were buried at night in unmarked graves to conceal cAtnazing! l^w! the plight of the stricken settlers from Indians who might otherwise attack. [The story has often been told of how peace ASTRO T/ME' was eventually firmed with the Indians through Samoset. Squanto and Chief Massasoit.] The Watch With Orbiting First Street was laid out and frame Spacecrafts That Tell houses with stone foundations and thatch

roofs built on either side of it. On a rise Time With Countdown at the far end of First, Standish laid Accuracy fortifications. Not until the following March, however, were the last of the passengers able to come ashore. Hunting was good and occasionally a fishing ex- cursion brought back cod or seals. Cap- tain Jones sailed April 5. What happened

to the Mayflower is not known. Prob- ably she became an Arctic whaler. Carver died almost immediately after her de- parture. Bradford was elected governor and served 30 one-year terms.

MARRIAGES FLOURISHED among the Mayflower's survivors. Genealo- gists generally agree that about 750,000 Americans can lay valid claim to May- flower ancestry. Nearly a year after the

landing, the Fortune arrived with 35 tells the minute Saints and Strangers led by Cushman who brought a new patent from the Council for New England. He had man- aged to soothe the ruffled Weston. The Fortune left with the first fruits of the colony's labors, clapboards and beaver ALL THREE mysteriously maneuver around the moon skins, but was hijacked by a French pri- vateer. The settlers worked themselves free of their indebtedness to the Adven- 17-Jewel Swiss movement-Swiss turers as other ships arrived with more Timed and Tested for Precision Saints, including 12-year-old John Brad- Be first to own this SPACE-AGE conversation piece! Lunar ford, who hadn't seen his father in seven Module takes off, docks and lands on Moon every 60 sec- onds. Command Capsule orbits Moon once every hour. years, and Goodman's wife. Earth orbits Moon once every 12 hours . . . it's all done with Weston also arrived. He was destitute. no visible hands! Moon-gold color case, blue suede band. The settlers loaned him 200 pounds worth of beaver pelts to help him get An ALDENS started, but were never repaid. Weston Exclusive! moved to Virginia, was arrested many times and returned to England to die ONE YEAR GUARANTEE Aldens guarantees the 17-jewel Swiss watch movement for 1 in poverty. By then. King James was full year. If for any reason the watch movement should fail dead. The Separatist Church melded it will be repaired at no charge. into the Puritan, which in turn became the Congregational Church. It's now 8 hours, GfJ/TIBLE 30 minutes, fJLDEnS The Mayflower saga became an in- and 20 seconds spiration for Europe's oppressed and 81 Years of Serving Millions of Americans ® R. Gsell ft Co., New York, N.Y. impoverished. It proved that a small group of nobodies could overcome seem- MONEY BACK IF NOT SATISFIED ingly impossible obstacles, so long as they remained steadfast in their will to ALDENS-BOX 5362, CHICAGO, ILL. 60680 master their own destiny. From England alone came 16,000 settlers in 198 ships Please rush ASTROTIME watch(es) No. 313 MB 1889W during the decade of "The Great Migra- each. tion," starting in 1630. Most settled in @ 25.00 Enclosed $ Check Money order New England. Their guiding beacon was best described by Bradford: "As one NAME_ small candle may light a thousand, so the light here kindled hath shone unto many, ADDRESS. yea in some sort to our whole nation." CITY -STATE. .ZIP_ For as he said, "They knew they were L2006J pilgrimes." the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 53 PERSONAL KILL LAKE WEEDS! New Aquacide pellets destroy unwanted underwater weeds. FEDERAL TAX FACTS Easy to use. Lasts for months. Spread like grass seed, and spe- $ TIPS FOR MIGRANT AMERICANS cial 2-4D concentrate kills weeds at any depth. Used and test- ed by many state HOW DRUGS AFFECT USERS conservation depart- ments. Proven safe for swimmers and fish. By now, Uncle Sam very likely has sent you your 1969 federal income tax 10 lb. can, (Treats 4,000 sq. ft. forms. When you tackle them, keep in mind that: of lake bottom) $14.95 plus $2 • If you have any doubts about taking a standard deduction or itemizing, for postage. Or write for free information to: figure your bill both ways and see which method is best for you. In the past, taxpayers sometimes hastily used the old punch card Form 1040A (now abolished) and ovei-paid by not taking enough deductions. With the new AQUACIDE CO. "building block" form—which fits all contingencies—you will be prompted 308 Prince St., Dept. G-4, St. Paul, Minn. 55101 to think more deeply about your situation. • You must file by April 15. Be sure to sign your return, and don't forget to give your Social Security number (which also is your Taxpayer Identi- fying Number). Failure to include it can bring a $5 penalty. DO YOU KNOW... • For those who want to study the finer points of federal taxes, a growing how to buy limited issues of the number of moderately-priced guidebooks are available (Lasser, Sylvia world's proof coin sets at official Porter, Arco, etc.), plus the excellent government "1970 publication Guide government prices? Often these is- to Your Federal Income Tax." sues are restricted to less than 5,000 • Along with accountants and tax services, many banks this year are bid- coins, presenting outstanding invest- ding to compute your taxes for you (cost: about $5 and up). ment opportunities. Send for free • A drive is developing to permit payment of federal taxes up to $500 via brochure. bank credit cards. This already is possible in the Fourth Federal Reserve district, based in Ohio. There you make out a draft against your card; your PARAMOUNT. Dept. 4, bank settles up for you, charging you interest, of course {VA'yo a month). Englewood, Ohio 45322

Government statistics indicate the average American moves ten times in MAGNIFYING GLASSES his life. Here's the latest legislation to help make things easier for our mi- grant population. • If you make a major move this year for job reasons, you get a better federal tax break. Now you may add travel, lodging and meals for house hunting trips to your write off; also temporary lodging and meals (up to 30 days) after the move; plus certain expenses incurred in acquiring a new A Blessing For Folks Over 40 residence. The limit on these deductions is $2,500 (of which no more than Read newspaper, telephone book, recipes, Bible, and do close work easily. $1,000 may be for house hunting trips). Obviously, of course, the deductions Goodlook- ing stylish amber frames. Wear like regular apply only if your employer didn't foot the bill for you. glasses, SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY. • Purchase of mobile homes—heretofore financed short-term at high Not Rx or for astigmatism or diseases of interest rates—now can be government-insured. Terms: Up to $10,000 for the eye. 10 Day Home Trial. Send age, sex. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 12 years at about 109r interest. But the home must be on a proper site and On arrival pay postman only plus must be classed as a primary dwelling. $4, C.O.D or send $4, and we pay postage. PRECISION OPTICAL CO. Dept. 34-D, Rochelle, IM. 61068

With all the headlines and talk about illegal drugs (the kind that affect Such SAFE Comfort for the central nervous system), keep the following roadmap of the four major Reducible Inguinal types in mind: STIMULANTS: Mainly amphetamine derivates that temporarily pep the RUPTURE! Rupture-Gard makes user up (the slang names are "bennies" and "speed"). Result: Excitability: you more comfortable two ways — in body, talkativeness; dilated pupils: tremor; restlessness; false confidence; bad because no pressure grips you— in mind, be- judgment when driving. Prolonged use may lead to brain damage. cause rupture feels so safely supported! Bup- DEPRESSANTS: Basically the barbiturates ("goofballs") and other tran- ture-Gard is suspended from the waist. Double quilizers that calm the user down. Result: Staggering; slurred speech; pad of firm molded foam rubber holds rupture like a drowsiness; quick laughing; crying, or fits of temper. Overusage (particu- pair of hands —moves with body, no matter how sharply lai-ly when depressants are mixed with alcohol) can cause coma or death. >ou uiove. Washable: adjustable as trouser-belt. 3U-day trial; money-back guarantee. Order today Withdrawal from barbiturates is difficult and often dangerous, unless super- — plus 35<; postage— just give waiit measure. vised by a physician. THE KINLEN CO., Dept. AL-40W HALLUCINOGENS: Include LSD ("acid"), marihuana ("pot" or "grass") 809 Wyandotte, Kansas City. Mo. and mescaline, all of which produce feelings of invulnerability and daring in the user. Result: Hallucinations; dilated pupils; nausea; irregular bi'eath- fight birth defects ing: bizarre behavior. Hallucinogens are very tricky. In some users they in- duce psychoses; in others, suicidal or homicidal urges. NARCOTICS: Sleep-producing or pain -relieving concoctions that include heroin ("junk"), opium, morphine, cocaine, etc. Result: The user more or MARCH less is knocked out. All are extremely dangerous. By Edgar A. Griimvald DIMES 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 rirSHOPPER COIN GRAB

•Partial List of Coins in Collections: Half , s Large CentsI GIANT SURPRISE 'nZliT^'ctd ASSORTMENTS P.ckedl ^""'^ ^Jre" from coUectiona* including tiberfy I ijfck'eis 4-WAY HAIR SHAPER & GROOMER; great SLIPPING EYEGLASSES? Eliminate annoy- thouunds of rare and key) ^'I'^ld Nickels for men, women & children. Save money ance of pushing them up. Ear-Loks, soft, " coin, up to 150 ye„. old! HaT°Ss by cutting or shaping your hair. It has four elastic tabs keep glasses snug-fitting. No Liberty sliding Fit all EachGrabBag a guaranteed! ^^I'^l lOfl cutting positions & one side is used as a more fussing with glasses. Barber 1 I Dimes comb. of plastic, complete plastic frames. Invisible. For men, women • ./ f Made comes minimum caUlog value of Seated Liberty with double-edge razor blades. Only $1.98 and children. 590 a pair, 2 pairs $1.00. j 25e »4.50up to $45.00 and even! ppd. Satisfaction guar. Hollis Co., Dept. Dorsay Products. Dept. A-3. 200 W. 57th seated Lib"''^"" i AL-4, 1133 Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10010. Street, New York, N.Y. 10019. morelNotwoAisortmentsl Barber Half'ooMar 1 exactly alike. Only tZMril'^m Liberty 5ot\ each, plu. 2Si poaUge and cS.'^i' oXe^fe handling. SPECIAL:! Bag ^"""J FREE with orders for 4. (Maximum 5 Bags per Cuatomer) Ideal gift for beginner or advanced collector! Supplies Limited. Order Today! Sorry, no COD's. Foreign orders $2.00 morr,

MATT NUMISS, Depi AL-4, 2928 41st Ave. LLC, N.Y. 11101 COLLAR EXTENDER Eases Tight Shirt Collar Discomfort

plus ISc postage GIANT COLLECTION OF Great Britain 10 for PIECE. Your favorite pho- commemoratives; large size colored is- CONVERSATION 2 Sets of 10, $2.00 ppd. Collar of to blown up to a giant 2 ft. x 3 ft. size. sues famous paintings, personalities, fit tightly due to shrinkage, wash- cathedrals, castles, historical events. Send any black and white or color photo Send ing, starching, growth, weight only 250 for these 16 stamps. Plus stamp of yourself, boy or girl friend, etc. Original Increase? up to siie fof selections to examine. Buy any or none, photo returned with blow-up in tube. 2 ft. x Add Vi cancel service any time. Garcelon Stamp 3 ft. only $4.95. 3 ft. x 4 ft.—$7.95 ppd. just-right fit instantly. Ideal for Co., Dept. ALR. Calais, Maine 04619. Photo Poster, Dept. ED 34, 210 E. 23 St., men and growing boys. Slips on N.Y., N.Y. 10010. and off in seconds. Send check or M.O., no C.O.D.'s. 21-Day Money-back guarantee. BARCLAY. Dept. 67-D 170-30 Jamaica Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. 11432

This section is presented as a ser- vice to readers and advertisers. All products are sold with a money- back guarantee. When ordering, please allow a reasonable amount MORE BRILLIANT than DIAMONDS says Reader's Di- of time for handling and shipping. gest, SatEvePost about this new, man-made jewel Titania! For settings of your choice only STOP STOOPING! Be sure to include Zip Code num- S12 per carat; a 1-ct man's box 14K ring is only Amazing, new PIPeer Shoulder brace corrects posture $41; m'lady's 1-ct fishtail a mere $33. No more distributed sup- ber along with your address. federal tax. Write for FREE HANDY RING instantly, comfortably. Provides even, Slips in seconds. No SIZE CHART & 120 PAGE FULL COLOR port for sagging shoulders. on fitting. Made of ventilated-for-comfort 3-ply material. JEWELRY CATALOG. TEH day mohey back guabantee Arm bands softly padded. Body belt stabilizes support. t^j^ljrryffri Lapidary Company Depl. AL-4 Lightweight, cool. Can't be detected under light cloth- 511 EAST 12 STREET • NEW YORK 10009 N. Y. ing. Give measurement around chest. For men, women. $5.95 -f 35c postage. PIPER BRACE CO. Dept.AL-40H 811 Wyandotte St. • Kansas City, Mo. 64105

59 MEED SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? $1 WE YOUR COINS NORTHEL Reactivator Mli^llMI:M works to keep septic tank Satis, To fulfill our needs, we must buy or Money and cesspool Back! $100,000 worth of coins monthly. clean. A bacteria concentrate as You COMB! NO Desperately need U.S. coins valued SAVE $50 and more yearly with breaks up solids and Blads the Any- MIDAS QUICKTRIM. Rellll: at $5 to $10,000. Interested in sin- grease—works to pre- one automatically trim, can to gles, collections or accumulations. vent overflow, back-up, taper, shape hair evenly, te- OFder! odors. Regular use can smoothly on head, neck, tem- Send for our catalog listing guaran- ples, legs. Perfect for Mom, save costly pumping or Junior's Hold with teed, firm buying prices. Dad, hair. Includes digging. Simply mix dry powder in water, either hand. Completely safe! Uses how to grade coins. $1 for mailing flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- regular double edge blades. FREE case for pocket or purse. 7" long. COSTS caustic. Money back handling. guarantee of satis- LESS THAN ONE HAIRCUT! Used world- faction. Six months' supply, $3.95 ; full wide. PARAMOUNT. Dept. year's supply only $7.00 postpaid. 4, (ORDER: 2 for $2.98; 3 for $4.17, ppd.) Englewood, Ohio 45322 NORTHEL DiSTRIBUTORS, AL-4 Dept. AF-2. East 4th St., P.O. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440 ROSE-LEE, WiLnington, Del. 19801 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 55 POT HOLE PROBLEM The PARTING worst crime in the streets is the SHOTS way some towns keep them repaired. ^Vaetfr Strek.htiff

CONTENTMENT One of life's richest riches Is to scratch the itch that itches. n. n. halsfr

GAME BUGS Cricket match: Compatible insects

Raymond [. f:viKoiA

THE BUSINESS LUNCH The menu features chicken-liver jiate. Cannelloni, crab bisque, a mushroom souffle. And biscuits with foie gras. none of which sW4 I try; I just reorder ntv same old ham on rve. CoiLFiN Stani.fy Bare

"LINE OF COMMUNICATION"

While money isn't everything, it does keep you in touch with your children. I-HCII-IT J. GOOI)^ EAR

CLEAN NON-SWEEP Shutters on llie windows. Shutters 0:1 the dooi. I woiddn't have to s>\eep

If I had slinll.vs o\ (he floor.

F.I I \NOR "We can do without the idiot cards, Mr. Trimble!' YA rrs

THE AMS-HIf-lv t EOION MAGAZINE SIGN OF THE TIMES Inflation: Everybody is making more money than they ever made before and still going deeper in debt. MAN OF THE YEAR SEARCH Hi \ Ber(.<)r It w;is ;it a iiRcUng of llic iiuliistiial council ot a Western cilv about a DATING MACHINE week bcloic tlicii annual banquet wlien a comniittec was named to approach IBM finds om match inisuitable a leading industrialist, informing him that he was expected to be at the Does that make us iiicomputible?-????? banquet the following week. The conunittee duh approached the man. DoROTiiv B. Bi NNr i r and the chairman said, "The reason we'd like to have vou at the banquet is because we're going to name you "Man of the Year.'" "It's a great honor," was the industrialist's reply, "but I have to be in New York for an important business meeting. I'm vcrv sorrv but I just won't be able to attend." "No sweat," replied the committee chairman. "I guess we'll liave to find somei)odv else." Da.n Bennett

LADDER OF TROUBLE The husband and wife were having an argument and angry words flew thick and fast. "You moron!" exclaimed the wife heatedly. "I wish the ladder had slipped the night we eloped!" "Huh!" retorted her husband. "There was no danger of that. Your whole darned family was holding the ladder!" F. G. Kern AN

HALF-HEARTED APPEAL The little bov had been bad all day and he was sent to bed without his supper. "Be sure to say your prayers," his mother said, "aiul ask God to make you a good boy." The boy did as he was told. "Dear God," he mumbled, "try to make me a good bov. but if you can't don't worry, because I'm having lot a of fun "Before we organize the student protest I lie way I am." shouldn't we enroll in the college?" Gene Yasenak THK AMr.niCAN LEGIO.V MAGAZI.VE

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1970 SELECTED FOR YOU ^tXPERTS. This choic^ fish-getting\#;kle, used by expei-ts, con- MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! tains nationally popular brands. Each item carefully wiosen—everything you need NIRESK DISCOUNT SALES DEPT. FO-128 for all types of fishing. Deadly lures that are all tiijje favorites. A veteran angler or an CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60606

occasional fisherman can. b<^ proud of this precision-built kit. You can go fishing at ORDER TODAY! If you're not 100% pleased we'll once. Compare! You will not find a bargain lilie this anywhere. refund your full purchase price promptly. YOU KEEP 2 FREE TACKLE BOXES REGARDLESS! LOOK! YOU GET EVERYTHING SHOWN. Simper "88" Spincast Reel • Comet X3C Bait Cast Please rush 4 7 T pes. 3 Complete Fishing Sets Reel • Argosy Direct Drive Trolling Reel * 5 ft. 2 pc. Fiber Glass Spin Cast Rod • 4 ft. Fiber

Glass Bait Cast Rod • 3V2 ft. Fiber Glass Trolling Rod • 6 ft. 2 section Bamboo Pole and 25 NAME

ft. Bank Line • 66 proven Deadly Lures • 5 pc. Furnished Line • 2 Floating Tackle Boxes v^itfl ADDRESS removable trays • Fish Knife and Sheath • 28 pc. Popping Lure Kit • Net, Stringer, Split Dip art STATE ZIP . Shot, Clincher Sinkers, Snap Swivels, Assorted Hooks, Snelled Hooks, 3 Plastic Floats, 6—3 I enclose $12.95 plus $1.00 for postage & handling. way Swivels, 6 Snaps, 12-36" Leader Strands (8# Test), and complete instructions. 41 1 pieces in all. Ship CCD. I will pay CCD, charges & postoge. To Canada: $14.95 including Postage & Duly NIRESK DISCOUNT SALES *^S;Jd°' CHICAGO 60606 For additional coupon turn to page 45 Atouch ofTurkish smooths out taste

Start walkine*

'Td walk a mile for a Camel." 'S'' 1970 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Wmslon. Salem, N.C.