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Ecology and Species Composition of Molluscs in Upstream of the Kor River System, with Two New Records for the Fars Province, Iran

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Ecology and Species Composition of Molluscs in Upstream of the Kor River System, with Two New Records for the Fars Province, Iran Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 3(2): 29-39 (2019) (http://jwb.araku.ac.ir/) Research Article DOI: 10.22120/jwb.2019.105850.1062 Ecology and species composition of Molluscs in upstream of the Kor River System, with two new records for the Fars Province, Iran including total dissolved solids, electrical 1 2 Fatemeh Abbaspour , Sareh Yaripour , conductivity, and the water current velocity. Peter Gloeer3, Mehrdad Zamanpoore4* Mean annual current velocity was lowest in station 2, having the highest temporal 1Department of Hydrobiology, Agricultural fluctuation, while total dissolved solids Research, Education and Extension Organization, Fars Centre, Shiraz, IRAN drastically increased in lower reach (stations 4 2Department of Environmental and Biological and 5), with the lowest fluctuations. Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Keywords: Aquatic invertebrates, conchology, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland stream ecology, Zagros Mountains. 3Biodiversity Research Lab, Schulstr. 3, D- 25491 Hetlingen, Germany Introduction 4 Agricultural Research, Education and Molluscs are a common group of Extension Organization, Fars Center, macrozoobenthic invertebrates in aquatic Department of Hydrobiology *email: [email protected] ecosystems. They are found in shallow water, streams, rivers, ponds and lakes. They have Received: 6 April 2019 / Revised: 16 April 2019 / Accepted: 23 significant functions in food webs and April 2019 / Published online: 24 April 2019. Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology, Arak University, Iran. ecosystem equilibrium such as nutrient cycling, biofiltration and storage (Vaughn 2017). Abstract However, like many other aquatic organisms, they are threatened by various environmental The scientific literature on molluscans stresses, including drought, habitat degradation, taxonomy in Iran goes back to many years ago; dam constructions, pollution, channel however, in some parts of the country like modification, siltation and introduction of non- southern areas, it is completely new. In addition, indigenous species (Zieritz et al. 2018, many of the studies have focused on their Williams et al. 1992). potential risk as intermediate hosts for parasites, Systematic studies of molluscs in Iran have a ignoring their specific taxonomic identification history older than many other taxa which were or detailed ecology. In this research, molluscan begun in early 1863 by the investigation of fauna of Jubkhalle River, southern Iran was molluscan fauna of the Caspian Sea (Dybowski investigated in five stations during 2015 and 1888). Studies on the molluscan fauna have 2016 within a span of 13 km. Four species from provided extensive data from many areas of the gastropods including Physa acuta, Planorbis country including Sistan and Baluchistan intermixtus, Radix persica and Galba truncatula Province (Annandale and Prashad 1919; as well as a bivalve species Pisidium Annandale 1921; Annandale and Rao 1925), casertanum were identified. Among them, R. the Central Plateau and Mazandaran Province persica and P. casertanum were new records for (Biggs 1936, 1937, 1971, Forcart 1935), the the Fars Province. Our results showed Northern and Eastern Iran (Starmühlner 1961, consistencies between the number of species 1965), Tonekabon, Mazandaran Province present and their environmental settings (Abbaspour et al. 2012), Zayanderood River 30 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 3(2): 29-39 (2019) (Esfahan province) (Nemati-Varnosfaderany et Planorbidae, and Sphaeriidae were reported al. 2010), Zarrinehrud estuary, west Azerbaijan from Behesht-e Gomshodeh, Marvdasht (Ahmadi et al. 2011), and the Dez River, County as well (Karami et al. 2015). Despite, Khuzestan Province (Saba et al 2012). there are still many areas, especially in river Aquatic gastropods in Fars Province have been reaches lacking any data on their biota. investigated quite recently, including species of Lymnea, Physa, Sphaerium, and Gyraulus in Material and methods the Kor river, (Haffar et al. 2010). Glöer and This survey was carried out in Jubkhalle stream Pešić (2009) described the new species in Sepidan County, Fars Province, south of Iran, Farsithyra farsensis from Firouzabad, inside the mountains of Southern Zagros. Pseudobithynia zagrosia from Dashte Arzhan, Average annual temperature and annual and Planorbis intermixtus Mousson, 1874 from precipitation of the region are 13°C and 289 Sepidan County (Glöer and Pešić 2010), all mm. respectively (Climate Data 2018). This from the Fars Province. Newest studies have river originates from Chelkalagh, Komehr, also addressed several species such as Jubkhalle and Kakan Mountains, joining to Melanopsis praemorsa (the authors believe that Margoon stream and then to the Kor River, the it must be M. buccinoidea (Olivier 1801)), M. largest river in the province. After crossing doriae, Physa acuta, Lymnaea gedrosiana, L. Marvdasht County and Doroodzan dam, it trancatula, L. pereger, Gyraulus euphraticus flows into the Bakhtegan Lake (Fig. 1). and Farsithyra farsensis from Sasan spring, Jubkhalle is the main source of irrigation for Kazeroon County (Mokhtari et al. 2015). Some agriculture and fish farming. species of families Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Figure 1. Left: location of the study area in Fars Province, Right: map of the Kor river system showing Jubkhalle River and the sampling sites. HSS: a small but highly saline stream. Jubkhalle is a permanent, second order river Spirogyra sp.) are spread along the river. with successive riffles and pools. The streambed Occasionally, groups of reeds are grown on has a cover of pebbles, cobbles, and large riversides, and dispersed small aggregates of boulders, with exceptions in bends where small aquatic plants are formed close to the margins areas of sand and silt formed over cobbles. The (Fig. 2). silt-sand beds are sometimes mixed with leaf Stations were selected based on particular river and stick detritus in some bend margins. Small conditions (distance from fish farms, masses of water silk (filamentous charophyte topography, and ease of access) in a total range 31 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 3(2): 29-39 (2019) of ca. 13 km. The five stations included station 51°54'39.6"E), station 4 in 7.5 km from the fish 1 before a fish farm complex (30°32'50.3"N farm (30°34'54.1"N 51°58'10.2"E), and station 51°53'42.7"E), station 2 after the fish farm 5 in 12 km from the fish farm (30°35'03.8"N (30°32'51.2"N 51°54'00.2"E), station 3 in 3 km 52°01'09.3"E) (Fig. 1). from the fish farm (30°33'04.0"N Figure 2. Views of station 2 (left) and station 3 (right). Sampling was performed six times (bimonthly) biochemical and chemical oxygen demand from May 2015 to March 2016. Samples were (BOD and COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), collected in the morning (0800-1200) using a concentration of phosphate ion [PO4], nitrite Surber sampler with three replications at each [NO2], nitrate [NO3], and ammonia [NH4]). station. Specimens were fixed immediately in Methods of APHA (1999) were followed for all 75% ethanol. Samples were subsequently measurements. Data were statistically analyzed identified under a stereomicroscope. Some of with ANOVA in IBM SPSS Statistics 23. the major environmental factors were measured in situ including air and water temperature, pH Result (HANA-HI 1281), dissolved oxygen (Hach The highest and the lowest recorded air temperature in the investigation period was HQ40d Multimeter), current velocity (the 32°C and 8°C. Mean water temperature was cross-sectional method by multiplying a cross- 14.5°C, with maximum and minimum of 25°C sectional area of the stream by the velocity of and 8°C. Mean current velocity was 0.5 m/s, the water), and electrical conductivity with the minimum (0.4 m/s) in station 2 and (HANNA HI2300-01). Some others were maximum (0.6 m/s) in station 3, while station 3 measured using water samples in the laboratory and 4 showed a rapid increase in total dissolved (including total suspended solids (TSS), solids to 814 and 902 ppm, respectively. Some 32 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 3(2): 29-39 (2019) measured physical and chemical factors of the river are presented in Table 1. Table 1. The annual mean of some physical and chemical factors in Jubkhalle River from May 2015 to March 2016. Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 DO (% sat.) 112.1±2.4a 101.7±1.1b 115.3±4.6a 109.7±2.7ab 107.9± 2.3ab Water T (°C) 13.7±1.0 13.7±1.0 14.4±1.6 15.9±3.0 15.1±1.0 pH 8.36±0.05 8.31±0.05 8.53±0.17 8.53±0.11 8.19±.33 TSS ( ppm) 5.90±1.62 6.90±1.79 6.93±1.81 4.90±1.55 5.50±1.43 Current velocity (m/s) 0.54±.0.17 0.38±0.11 0.62±0/08 0.48±.0.09 0.46±0.08 BOD (ppm) 1.13±0.15b 1.32±0.19b 2.05±.0.34a 1.25±.0.10b 1.16±0.25b COD (ppm) 7.62±.0.25 8.42±0.12 8.33±0.76 7.90±0.39 8.22±.74 EC (µs/cm) 354±18b 337±19b 343±23b 1251±70a 1384±81a TDS (ppm( 228±12b 217±12b 221±15b 814±48a 902±57a [PO4] (ppm) 0.203±0.049 0.250±0.062 0.245±0.073 0.148+0.43 0.138±0.033 0.011±.0.001ab [NO2] (ppm) 0.007±0.001bc 0.006±0.001c 0.013±0.003ab 0.014±0.003a c [NO3] (ppm) 1.2±0.2 1.5±0.2 1.6±0.2 1.1±0.2 1.2±0.4 [NH3] (ppm) 0.062±0.019b 0.177±0.047a 0.197±0.023a 0.128±0.038ab 0.014±0.050b Different letters show significant differences within the same row (P < 0.05) Several invertebrate species belonging to complex, we found one species, G.
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