DOCSLIB.ORG

Improved STEREO Simulation with a New Gamma Ray Spectrum of Excited Gadolinium Isotopes Using FIFRELIN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improved STEREO Simulation with a New Gamma Ray Spectrum of Excited Gadolinium Isotopes Using FIFRELIN Improved STEREO simulation with a new gamma ray spectrum of excited gadolinium isotopes using FIFRELIN Guillaume Pronost Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, University of Tokyo Colloquium, 2020 May 20th STEREO experiment I STEREO is a collaboration between 4 French laboratories (CEA/IRFU, IN2P3/LPSC, IN2P3/LAPP, ILL) and MPIK (Germany). I Very short baseline reactor neutrino experiment (10m from reactor), looking at sterile neutrino oscillation. I Liquid scintillator detector, loaded with Gd, installed near the ILL research reactor. I Data-taking started in 2016, so far the collaboration published analysis of ∼ 2 years of data taking: 179 days-on, and 235 days-off. Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 2/21 [email protected] Reactor neutrino anomaly I Sterile neutrino hypothesis in reactor neutrino was revived by the paper \The Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly" (Mention 2011) I Paper was based on a new estimation of the reactor neutrino flux prediction by Mueller et al. (Mueller 2011). Mention 2011 I The anomaly indicates a deficit of detected neutrino compared to the prediction. I It was so far confirmed by most of the recent reactor neutrino experiment. I Hypothesis to explain this anomaly are the existence of sterile neutrino oscillation or issue with the reactor D. Lhuillier, Moriond 2019 neutrino prediction. Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 3/21 [email protected] Status of Sterile neutrino search I Sterile neutrino hypothesis is disfavored by several results (Planck, Daya Bay, RENO, NEOS, etc.) I Last results of STEREO are excluding a large part of the allowed space. arXiv:1912.06582 Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 4/21 [email protected] STEREO detector I The STEREO detector is a liquid scintillator detector divided in 6 Target cells and one γ-catcher. Journal of Instrumentation 13, 07 (2018): P07009 I The Target's Liquid scintillator is loaded with Gd (concentration 0:2 wt.%, mean neutron capture time ∼ 18 µsec). I PMT are separated from LS by a thick acrylic buffer to have homogeneous light and to reduce PMT induced radioactivity BG. I Multiple Target cell should allow to see sterile oscillation in the detector. Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 5/21 [email protected] Gd gamma cascade knowledge I Precise knowledge of Gd-deexcitation process (gamma multiplicity, single energies of the gamma) is critical for small and/or segmented detectors. ! Risk of high energy gammas escaping is higher Hagiwara et al., PTEP 2019, 023D01, 29pp. I Current knowledge is not enough: I DANSS reported large uncertainties on the Gd-n signal and states: \It is very difficult to simulate reliably the low energy part of the n-Gd capture signal since there are many cascade decay chains with unknown probabilities. Our MC does not describe well the lower energy part of the spectrum and hence we do not use it for the comparison." (Phys. Lett. B7 87, 56 (2018).) I In Daya-Bay 1230 days results, they indicated they used 4 models of the Gd-n γ emission ( Phys. Rev. D 100, 052004 (2019) ) Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 6/21 [email protected] FIFRELIN code (simplified view) I FIFRELIN is a MC simulation code for nuclear fission simulation developped by the CEA (France) I It is based on experimental nuclear fission data and predict the unknown observable with some models I FIFRELIN also simulates the deexcitation of the fission fragments This is what is used here for this paper. I Above Sn (threshold for neutron emission), the neutron emission is simulated step-by-step following temperature dependent neutron spectrum for the primary fragments (following Weisskopf evaporation theory) I Then γ emission of the secondary fragments is simulated with O. LITAIZE, P(ND)2 -2 Perspectives on Nuclear Data for Hauser-Feschbach method (next slides) the Next Decade, 14-17 october, 2014, BIII, France Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 7/21 [email protected] Deexcitation process: Hauser-Feschbach method I In Hauser-Feschbach method, the fragments deexcitation is performed using nuclear levels defined as follow for γ: I Below ERIPL, experimentally determined nuclear levels from RIPL-3 database (level E, spins, parities and all partial widths). I Above ERIPL and below Elimit missing levels are sampled from model until reaching the theoritical level density ρ 4 −1 I Abe Elimit (corresponding to 5 × 10 MeV ) levels are gathered into bins I The γ partial width between level a and b are computed from gamma XL strength function Sγ (γ): ρ is the level density function, L is the multipolarity, and X is the type (electric or magnetic). F. Be˘cv´ar https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00787-6 (eq. 2) I For neutron emission, the neutron partial widths are computed with neutron transmission coefficent from an optical model calculation Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 8/21 [email protected] Deexcitation process: Hauser-Feschbach method O. LITAIZE, P(ND)2 -2 Perspectives on Nuclear Data for the Next Decade, 14-17 october, 2014, BIII, France Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 9/21 [email protected] Deexcitation process: F. Be˘cv´ar'salgorithm I One issue for γ deexcitation simulation is the difficulty of simulating γ cascade taking into account Porter-Thomas statistical fluctuations for level not well known. (see C. E. Porter and R. G. Thomas Phys. Rev. 104, 483 (1956)) I These fluctuations are not considered in standard Hauser-Feschbach method, Becvar proposed to include them with the following modification: . Above Ecrit (ERIPL), unknown set of level energies representing a random discretization of an a priori known level density formula. For level above Ecrit γ (and electron) partial width are random quantity defined by eq (2) taking into account the Porter-Thomas fluctuations: yXL are random values drawn independently from N (0; 1) I Each cascade start from a single well defined initial level with a known excitation energy, spin and parity and the next level is determined randomly following the partial radiation widht. Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 10/21 [email protected] Deexcitation process: R`egniern/γ emission I In case of the calculation of the neutron/γ deexcitation from nuclei with high spin values, there is a numerical limitation of Hauser-Feschbach method due to the approximation assumed in the structure of the nuclei above Ecrit. (This is similar to the γ emission issue without Porter-Thomas fluctuations) I It can be solved by Fluctuating Structure Properties (FSP) method which consists in applying the same approach than Be˘cv´arbut to neutron partial width See D. Regnier et al. Comput. Phys. Commun. 201, 19 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.12.007 Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 11/21 [email protected] Gd case in FIFRELIN: Nuclear levels I In the paper, the level density is defined following the Composite Gilbert Cameron Model: CTM stands for Constant Temperature Model, and FGM for Fermi Gas Model I EM is defined as the energy where \the CTM and the FGM nuclear level densities match along with their derivatives" Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 12/21 [email protected] Gd case in FIFRELIN: Transitions (1/2) I In case of Gd-n, after a thermal neutron capture 156Gd* and 158Gd* are close to Sn. Neutron emission are unlikely according to the paper. The following is only about γ transition. I Electric dipole transitions are described by Enhanced Generalized Lorentzian Model (EGLO), which allows better agreement between the model and the experimental data at low energy: E1 transitions for 144Nd R. Capote et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 110, 3107 (2009). Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 13/21 [email protected] Gd case in FIFRELIN: Transitions (2/2) I In [15] (R. Capote et al.) we can find: φM1 is the shape of the γ strength functions. φM1 can be constant or extracted from SLO. I In [15] E2 transitions are best described by SLO shape. However, [15] says others (M2, E3 and M3) are best described by constant strength functions. Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 14/21 [email protected] STEREO simulation I STEREO simulation is based on Geant4. I The neutron transportation is handled by NeutronHP, with interaction cross-section coming from ENDF/B-VII.1 (default for Geant4 since 2012) I Standard deexcitation processes of Geant4 are by-passed, using instead either: - GLG4sim - This FIFRELIN simulation Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 15/21 [email protected] Gd simulation from GLG4sim and from FIFRELIN I Good agreement on γ multiplicity for natural Gd (∼ 4 with \few percents difference”) I 15% of the γ above 3:5 MeV with FIFRELIN (7% for GLG4sim) I Due to the compactness and the segmentation of the STEREO detector these high energy γ are very important (mean free path in LS for 5 MeV γ is ∼40cm, corresponding to the size of the detector) I Conversion e− in 70% of the cascades but < 1% above 200 keV Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 16/21 [email protected] STEREO calibration Data/MC comparison (1/2) Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 17/21 [email protected] STEREO calibration Data/MC comparison (2/2) I KS test was performed on the tail from 3 to 7 MeV shows 11% agreement with FIFRELIN and more the 5 standards deviation for GLG4sim. I Non-linearity effects are calibrated and taken into account in the STEREO simulation. This includes quenching, as well as the fact energy scale is anchored by 54Mn decay (834.848 MeV γ) (this explains why the Gd-n peak is around 8.5 MeV) Quenching effect with different γ-ray source 10.1088/1748-0221/13/07/P07009 Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 18/21 [email protected] Data/MC agreement I Better agreement on the Gd-fraction and IBD efficiency with FIFRELIN: Colloquium, 2020 May 20th 19/21 [email protected] Summary I This article presents a new simulation of Gd-n induced cascade.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chasing the Light Sterile Neutrino Status of the STEREO Experiment
    Chasing the light sterile neutrino Status of the STEREO experiment Alessandro Minotti (IRFU - CEA Saclay) on behalf of the STEREO collaboration 16/03/2017 Outlook • Neutrino physics and oscillation • Reactor neutrinos and the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly • The STEREO experiment: principle, configuration, and timeline of the installation and commissioning phase • The STEREO experiment: status of the analysis of first collected data Alessandro Minotti (CEA - IRFU) Outlook • Neutrino physics and oscillation • Reactor neutrinos and the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly • The STEREO experiment: principle, configuration, and timeline of the installation and commissioning phase • The STEREO experiment: status of the analysis of first collected data Neutrino Physics and Oscillation Alessandro Minotti (CEA - IRFU) The Neutrino • Neutrinos (ν) = neutral leptons - A wide range of sources and energies - Standard Model: 3 massless and only LH ν (RH ν̄) νe νμ ντ W+ e+ W+ μ+ W+ τ+ • Neutrinos oscillate (change flavour) propagating α+ β+ - Energy-dependent deficit in solar ν flux να Flavour changing νβ W+ - Distance-dependent deficit for atmospheric ν’s KOSMISK Electron-neutrinosSUN STRÅLNING are produced in the ATMOSFÄR Sun center. SUPER- KAMIOKANDE 2015 SNO Neutrino Physics and Oscillation Alessandro Minotti (CEA - IRFU) #4 Oscillation Formalism • Neutrinos oscillate (change flavour) propagating α+ β+ να Flavour changing νβ Very small but non-zero different massesAs you can see, theW oscillatory+ behaviour comes from the difference in the energy eigenvalues of ν > and ν > (E WeakE ), Hamiltonian which we interpretFree Hamiltonian as coming fromWeak di Hamiltonianfferent masses for each of themass | 1 | 2 2 − 1 + Flavour eigenstates are a mix of eigenvalues.mass eigenstates A plot of this function is shown in Figure 7 for a particular setUnitary of parameters : ∆m2 =3 10−3eV 2, (like K̄ ⁰ K⁰ and KS KL) 2 × sin (2θ)=0.8andEν =1GeV.AtL = 0, the oscillation probability is zero and the corresponding 2 L π survival probability is one.
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of the Results of the Neutrino-4 Experiment on Search for Sterile Neutrino and Comparison with Results of Other Experiments
    The analysis of the results of the Neutrino-4 experiment on search for sterile neutrino and comparison with results of other experiments А.P. Serebrov, R.M. Samoilov, NRC “KI” Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchinа, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present new results of measurements of reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum dependence on the distance in the range 6-12 meters from the center of the reactor core. Additional measurements were carried out and set of data to perform statistical analysis was almost doubled since the previous report. 2 Using all collected data, we performed the model independent analysis on the oscillation parameters ∆m14 2 and sin 2휃14. The method of coherent summation of results of measurements allows us to directly observe 2 the effect of oscillations. We observed an oscillation effect in vicinity of Δm14 = (7.25 ± 0.13푠푡푎푡 ± 2 2 1.08푠푦푠푡 )eV and sin 2휃 = 0.26 ± 0.08푠푡푎푡 ± 0.05푠푦푠푡. We provide a comparison of our results with results of other experiments on search for sterile neutrino. Combining the result of the Neutrino-4 experiment and the results of measurements of the gallium anomaly and reactor anomaly we obtained 2 value sin 2θ14 ≈ 0.19 ± 0.04 (4.6σ). Also was performed comparison of Neutrino-4 experimental results with results of other reactor experiments NEOS, DANSS, STEREO, PROSPECT and accelerator experiments MiniBooNE, LSND and IceCube experiment. Mass of sterile neutrino obtained from data collected in the Neutrino-4 experiment (in assumption 2 2 m4 ≈ Δm14) is m4 = 2.68 ± 0.13eV. Using the estimations of mixing angles obtained in other experiments and our new results we can calculate, within 3+1 neutrino model, masses of electron, muon, eff eff eff and tau neutrinos: m휈푒 = (0.58 ± 0.09)eV, m휈휇 = (0.42 ± 0.24)eV, m휈휏 ≤ 0.65eV.
    [Show full text]
  • Results of the STEREO Experiment Rudolph Rogly, CEA-Saclay on Behalf of the STEREO Collaboration
    Results of the STEREO experiment Rudolph Rogly, CEA-Saclay on behalf of the STEREO collaboration 1 Motivation – Flux anomaly Improved reactor antineutrino spectrum predictions – PRC 83:054615 (2011) Observed ~6.5% deficit in measured fluxes at short-baseline, so- called Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly (RAA) – PRD 83:073006 (2011) ★: RAA oscillation best fit $ $ $ ∆�!"# = 2.3 eV / sin 2�!"# = 0.14 Signature of the oscillation to a sterile state ? 2 Motivation – Shape anomaly Nature Physics 16, 558-564 (2020) ~10% local events excess observed by several lowly enriched in 235U (LEU) experiments around 5 MeV wrt. Huber predicted shape. Related to fuel composition ? Do U and Pu contribute to the same extent ? → Highly-enriched in 235U (HEU) experiments such as STEREO shed a light on the contribution of the pure 235U and are complementary to LEU experiments. 3 The STEREO experiment JINST 13 (2019) 07, P07009 Experimental Site (ILL Grenoble, France): Ø Ground-level experiment. Ø Compact core (∅ 40cm x 80 cm) and short-baseline (~10m) experiment to probe the RAA. 235 Ø 58MWth nominal power / HEU fuel (93% U) → 99% of �̅ flux from 235U fissions. Detector Design: Ø Segmented design for oscillation analysis: 6 cells (target volume) surrounded by 4 gamma catchers. Ø Pb, polyethylene, B4C shielding + water Cherenkov muon veto + Pulse Shape Discrimination for background mitigation and rejection (achieved S:B of 0.8:1). 4 Detector calibration and response PRD 102,052002 (2020) Energy scale derived from a global fit of: q Calibration data taken with point-like radioactive sources in each cell, at different heights. 12 q Cosmogenic B beta spectrum (�! = 13.4 MeV).
    [Show full text]
  • Accurate Measurement of Reactor Neutrinos Close to Surface with STEREO
    Accurate measurement of reactor neutrinos close to surface with STEREO Photo:ILL Vladimir Savu IRFU,CEA, Paris-Saclay University on behalf of the STEREO collaboration Vladimir Savu (CEA) 06.12.2019 { AAP 2019 1 / 23 06.12.2019 { AAP 2019 Motivation Sterile neutrino search and reactorν ¯e measurements Motivation of STEREO I Oscillation test L/E ∼ 10 m/3 MeV ! ∼ 1eV sterile neutrino 2 2 Two new parameters: sin (2θnew ) and∆ mnew Physical Review D 83, 073006 (2011), G. Mention et al. 9 ∆ χ 2 4 1 4 9 5.5 Daya Bay Huber model w/ 68% C.L. I absolute flux 5.0 / fission] 4.5 normalization studies 2 cm 43 4.0 − C.L spectral shape studies [10 I 3.5 68% 239 95% σ −43 σ238 =(10.1±1.0)×10 99.7% σ =(6.04±0.60)×10−43 3.0 241 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.2 −43 2 σ235 [10 cm / fission] Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 251801 (2017) Physics Letters B 773 (2017) STEREO will test precisely these 3 questions with a pure 235U spectrum Vladimir Savu (CEA) 06.12.2019 { AAP 2019 1 / 23 The STEREO experiment Experimental site ILL research facility, Grenoble, France Research reactor core 58 MWth ! 1019 ν¯ s−1 e Water channel 15 m.w.e overburden 235 X Highly U enriched X Compact core (40cm ?) X Short baseline measurement: 9.4m < Lcore < 11.2m 93 tons moved on air cushions AutumnAutumn 2016 2016 I Surface-level experiment I γ and neutron background from neighboring experiments Vladimir Savu (CEA) 06.12.2019 { AAP 2019 2 / 23 The STEREO experiment Data taking Data taking I Phase-I: 66 days reactor ON { 22 days reactor OFF I Phase-II: 119 days reactor ON { 211 days reactor OFF I Data
    [Show full text]
  • Ev-Scale Sterile Neutrino Search Using Eight Years of Atmospheric Muon Neutrino Data from the Icecube Neutrino Observatory
    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 125, 141801 (2020) Editors' Suggestion Featured in Physics eV-Scale Sterile Neutrino Search Using Eight Years of Atmospheric Muon Neutrino Data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory M. G. Aartsen,17 R. Abbasi,16 M. Ackermann,56 J. Adams,17 J. A. Aguilar,12 M. Ahlers,21 M. Ahrens,47 C. Alispach,27 N. M. Amin,40 K. Andeen,38 T. Anderson,53 I. Ansseau,12 G. Anton,25 C. Argüelles ,14 J. Auffenberg,1 S. Axani,14 H. Bagherpour,17 X. Bai,44 A. Balagopal,30 A. Barbano,27 S. W. Barwick,29 B. Bastian,56 V. Basu,36 V. Baum,37 S. Baur,12 † R. Bay,8 J. J. Beatty,19,20 K.-H. Becker,55 J. Becker Tjus,11 S. BenZvi,46 D. Berley,18 E. Bernardini,56,* D. Z. Besson,31, G. Binder,8,9 D. Bindig,55 E. Blaufuss,18 S. Blot,56 C. Bohm,47 S. Böser,37 O. Botner,54 J. Böttcher,1 E. Bourbeau,21 J. Bourbeau,36 F. Bradascio,56 J. Braun,36 S. Bron,27 J. Brostean-Kaiser,56 A. Burgman,54 J. Buscher,1 R. S. Busse,39 T. Carver,27 C. Chen,6 E. Cheung,18 D. Chirkin,36 S. Choi,49 B. A. Clark,23 K. Clark,32 L. Classen,39 A. Coleman,40 G. H. Collin,14 J. M. Conrad,14 P. Coppin,13 P. Correa,13 D. F. Cowen,52,53 R. Cross,46 P. Dave, 6 C. De Clercq,13 J. J. DeLaunay,53 H. Dembinski,40 K. Deoskar,47 S. De Ridder,28 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Sterile Neutrinos Arxiv:2106.05913V1 [Hep-Ph] 10 Jun 2021
    Sterile Neutrinos Basudeb Dasgupta Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India. [email protected] Joachim Kopp Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany [email protected] June 11, 2021 arXiv:2106.05913v1 [hep-ph] 10 Jun 2021 Neutrinos, being the only fermions in the Standard Model of Particle Physics that do not possess electromagnetic or color charges, have the unique opportunity to communicate with fermions outside the Standard Model through mass mixing. Such Standard Model- singlet fermions are generally referred to as “sterile neutrinos”. In this review article, we discuss the theoretical and experimental motivation for sterile neutrinos, as well as their phenomenological consequences. With the benefit of hindsight in 2020, we point out potentially viable and interesting ideas. We focus in particular on sterile neutrinos that are light enough to participate in neutrino oscillations, but we also comment on the benefits of introducing heavier sterile states. We discuss the phenomenology of eV- scale sterile neutrinos in terrestrial experiments and in cosmology, we survey the global data, and we highlight various intriguing anomalies. We also expose the severe tension that exists between different data sets and prevents a consistent interpretation of the global data in at least the simplest sterile neutrino models. We discuss non-minimal scenarios that may alleviate some of this tension. We briefly review the status of keV-scale sterile neutrinos as dark matter and the possibility of explaining the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the Universe through leptogenesis driven by yet heavier sterile neutrinos.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter of Interest Joint Experimental Oscillation Analyses in Search of Sterile Neutrinos
    Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest Joint Experimental Oscillation Analyses in Search of Sterile Neutrinos Neutrino Frontier Topical Groups: (NF01) Neutrino Oscillations (NF02) Sterile neutrinos (NF03) Beyond the Standard Model Contact Information: Bryce Littlejohn (Illinois Institute of Technology) [[email protected]] Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux (University of California, Irvine) [[email protected]] Bedrichˇ Roskovec (University of California, Irvine) [[email protected]] Pranava Teja Surukuchi (Yale University) [[email protected]] Authors: The Daya Bay, MINOS+, PROSPECT, SoLid, and STEREO Collaborations and 11 other individuals. Author list at rear of LOI Abstract: Neutrino experiments have uncovered results that appear to be incompatible with the 3-neutrino mixing pic- ture. The existence of sterile neutrino oscillations, proposed as a possible solution for tying together these anomalous results, would open a portal to new physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In addition to exploring the rich possible new physics for its own sake, it is also crucial to explore the sterile neutrino oscillation parameter space to eliminate ambiguity in the interpretation of results from future CP-violation experiments and to properly assess the sensitivity of future neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. Several experiments individually have excluded significant portions of this parameter space based on their source energies and the source-detector distances. By performing analyses on a combination of data sets from different experiments to form a single region of excluded or preferred parameter space (called joint analyses), neutrino physics experimental collaborations can completely leverage the statistical power of their data sets while forming a reliable, coherent view of the remaining available regions of the BSM pa- rameter space in question.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomáš Nosek Study of Neutrino Oscillations at the Nova Experiment
    DOCTORAL THESIS Tom´aˇsNosek Study of Neutrino Oscillations at the NOvA Experiment Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: RNDr. Karel Soustruˇzn´ık,Ph.D. Study programme: Physics Study branch: Subnuclear physics Prague 2021 I declare that I carried out this doctoral thesis independently, and only with the cited sources, literature and other professional sources. I understand that my work relates to the rights and obligations under the Act No. 121/2000 Sb., the Copyright Act, as amended, in particular the fact that the Charles University has the right to conclude a license agreement on the use of this work as a school work pursuant to Section 60 subsection 1 of the Copyright Act. In ........ date ............ signature of the author i Title: Study of Neutrino Oscillations at the NOvA Experiment Author: Tom´aˇsNosek Institute: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Karel Soustruˇzn´ık,Ph.D., Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Abstract: Abstract. Keywords: neutrino, neutrino oscillations, ii To the Cat. iii I would like to thank my supervisor Karel Soustruˇzn´ık for the support and opportunity to collaborate with the NOvA experiment. By the same token, I thank to all my NOvA colleagues, especially to those I spent the most time with: Liudmila Kolupaeva, Gavin Davies, Louise Suter, Alex Himmel, Michael Baird, Christopher Backhouse, and Jeremy Wolcott. iv Contents Introduction 1 1 Neutrinos and neutrino oscillation phenomena 3 1.1 Standard Model and neutrinos . .3 1.1.1 Neutrino interactions . .4 1.1.2 Neutrino masses . .5 1.1.3 Lepton mixing . .8 1.1.4 CP symmetry in lepton sector .
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1801.05386V3 [Hep-Ex] 11 Oct 2018 CONTENTS 2
    Physics with Reactor Neutrinos Xin Qian Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA E-mail: [email protected] Jen-Chieh Peng Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Neutrinos produced by nuclear reactors have played a major role in advancing our knowledge of the properties of neutrinos. The first direct detection of the neutrino, confirming its existence, was performed using reactor neutrinos. More recent experiments utilizing reactor neutrinos have also found clear evidence for neutrino oscillation, providing unique input for the determination of neutrino mass and mixing. Ongoing and future reactor neutrino experiments will explore other important issues, including the neutrino mass hierarchy and the search for sterile neutrinos and other new physics beyond the standard model. In this article, we review the recent progress in physics using reactor neutrinos and the opportunities they offer for future discoveries. PACS numbers: 14.60.Pq, 29.40.Mc, 28.50.Hw, 13.15.+g Keywords: reactor neutrinos, neutrino oscillation, lepton flavor, neutrino mixing an- gles, neutrino masses Submitted to: Rep. Prog. Phys. arXiv:1801.05386v3 [hep-ex] 11 Oct 2018 CONTENTS 2 Contents 7 Acknowledgements 33 1 Introduction2 1. Introduction 2 Production and Detection of Reactor Neutrinos are among the most fascinating and enig- Neutrinos5 matic particles in nature. The standard model in par- 2.1 Production of Reactor Neutrinos . .5 ticle physics includes neutrinos as one of the funda- 2.2 Detection of Reactor Neutrinos . .6 mental point-like building blocks. Processes involv- 2.3 Detector Technology in Reactor Neu- ing the production and interaction of neutrinos pro- trino Experiments .
    [Show full text]
  • Applied Antineutrino Physics 2015--Conference Summary
    Applied Antineutrino Physics 2015 December 6{8th, 2015 Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA Conference Summary N. S. Bowden,1 K. M. Heeger,2 P. Huber,3, ∗ C. Mariani,3 and R. B. Vogelaar3 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 2Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 3Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, VA 24061 arXiv:1602.04759v1 [hep-ex] 15 Feb 2016 AGM2015: Antineutrino Global Map 2015. Scientific Reports: 5, 13945; doi:10.1038/srep13945 [2015] ∗ [email protected] 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary 4 Summary of Applied Goals 5 Summary of Physics Goals 7 Ten Years of Reactor Antineutrino Signals at Long Baseline Experiments 8 M. Baldoncini, University of Ferrara, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Liquid Xenon Detector for CEνNS. From RED-100 to RED-1000 9 V. Belov, NRNU MEPhl, for the CEνNS collaboration Synergies and Differences between Near-Field Reactor Monitoring Applications and Short Baseline Neutrino Physics 10 Nathaniel Bowden - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory The Double Chooz Experiment: Directionality Studies and Latest Results 11 Timothee´ Brugiere,` Strasbourg University, France, for The Double Chooz collaboration Detection of Breeding Blankets Using Antineutrinos 12 B. Cogswell, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University Ricochet 13 J. A. Formaggio, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, for the Ricochet Collaboration Search for Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Interaction Experiment using Charge Coupled Devices 14 Juan Estrada - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, for the CONNIE collaboration Online Monitoring of the Osiris Reactor with the Nucifer Neutrino Detector 15 J. Gaffiot, CEA Centre de Saclay, IRFU - Service de Physique des Particules, for the Nucifer collaboration COHERENT 16 G.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Light Sterile Neutrinos at Long Baseline Experiments: a Review
    universe Review Exploring Light Sterile Neutrinos at Long Baseline Experiments: A Review Antonio Palazzo 1,2 1 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “Michelangelo Merlin”, University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy; [email protected] 2 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy Received: 10 January 2020; Accepted: 28 February 2020; Published: 7 March 2020 Abstract: Several anomalies observed in short-baseline neutrino experiments suggest the existence of new light sterile neutrino species. In this review, we describe the potential role of long-baseline experiments in the searches of sterile neutrino properties and, in particular, the new CP-violation phases that appear in the enlarged 3 + 1 scheme. We also assess the impact of light sterile states on the discovery potential of long-baseline experiments of important targets such as the standard 3-flavor CP violation, the neutrino mass hierarchy, and the octant of q23. Keywords: neutrino oscillations; long-baseline; sterile neutrino; DUNE; T2HK; ESSnSB 1. Introduction More than twenty years ago, groundbreaking observations of neutrinos produced in natural sources (sun and Earth atmosphere) provided the first evidence of neutrino oscillations and established the massive nature of neutrinos [1–5]. Subsequently, the neutrino properties have been clarified by experiments using man-made sources of neutrinos (nuclear reactors and accelerators). The two simple 2-flavor descriptions adopted in the beginning to describe disjointly the solar and the atmospheric neutrino problems have been gradually recognized as two pieces of a single picture, which is presently considered as the standard framework of neutrino oscillations.
    [Show full text]
  • Search for a Sterile Neutrino with the STEREO Detector at ILL
    Search for a sterile neutrino with the STEREO detector at ILL S. ZSOLDOS Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie (LPSC), 53 Avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France In 2011, a re-evaluation of the antineutrino spectrum emitted by nuclear reactors revealed a 6% deficit between the observed flux and the expected one. This anomaly is significant at 2.9σ and can be explained by a new oscillation at short range due to a light sterile neutrino, with parameter ∆m2 = 0.1-1 eV. The STEREO detector in construction at ILL will be the first ever to measure with precision the antineutrino spectrum and flux at very short distance (9-11m) from a compact reactor core and it will be able to confirm or reject the existence of this light sterile neutrino. In the following we introduce the relevant parameter to study the neutrino oscillation, then the STEREO detector and its discovery potential. 1 Status of neutrino mixing and anomalies 1.1 Introduction Since the sixties and shortly after the neutrino was discovered, several experiments reported anomalous values of the flux from different sources of neutrinos (so-called solar, atmospheric and reactor), which were smaller than expected. Convincing evidence was finally smeared out in 1998 by the Super-Kamiokande Collabora- tion 1, which was looking at neutrinos created in the atmosphere. From then on, many other experiments validated this observation and accurately probed the solar (SNO, GALLEX, SAGE, Super-K) and the reactor (KamLAND, CHOOZ, Palo Verde, Daya Bay, Reno, Double CHOOZ) sectors as well. Moreover, other experiments (LSND, miniBOONE) measured the apparition of arXiv:1602.00568v1 [physics.ins-det] 1 Feb 2016 electronic neutrino in a pure muonic neutrino beam produced by an accelerator source.
    [Show full text]