DOCSLIB.ORG

Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Years of Continuous Use (From a Presentation by Daniel O

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Years of Continuous Use (From a Presentation by Daniel O “If I would study my old, lost art, let us say, I must make myself the artisan of it…” Frank Lukes, Editor Volume 31, Number 1 3809 Broadview Road, West Lafayette, IN January 2018 Website: www.worldatlatl.org Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Years of Continuous Use (from a presentation by Daniel O. Stueber) The article below is a summary by Anita Lukes of a presentation given by Daniel O. Stueber at the 2017 WAA Annual Meeting at Husum, Washington. His complete article with references can be downloaded for free at academia.edu and is as follows: Stueber, D.O. and Skinner, C.E., 2015, Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Year of Continuous Use In Toolstone Geography of the Pacific Northwest, Edited by Terry L. Ozbun and Ron L. Adams, pp 193-207. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser For more than 14,000 years Glass Buttes, one of the largest obsidian sources in Oregon, has been a source of high quality toolstone for Native American flintknappers. Glass Buttes’ obsidian is of high quality, abundant, and in many colors. The colors include translucent and banded black, red, mahog- any, gold sheen, silver sheen, gray-green banded, rainbow, and banded or mottled multi-color combinations. It is found in large blocks or boulders, some weighing more than 100 pounds. Figure 1 shows many of these Oregon obsidian source sites. Because of the quality of Glass Buttes obsidian, it has been prized among Native American and First Nation people of North America. Obsidian from this source contin- ues to be coveted by present-day knappers. X-Ray Fluorescence Fig 1 Oregon Obsidian Source Sites. Glass Buttes represented The glass-like nature of obsidian made it a material of choice by the circle for tool making and therefore a valuable trade commodity. Over the last 30 years, the use of x-ray fluorescence (XFR) Blood Residue Extraction characterization methods has enabled researchers to under- stand the movement of obsidian tools and toolstone across Blood residue on toolstones can now be extracted and tested the landscape. Figure 2 shows areas not only in Oregon, but with antisera from modern day animals that are relatives of in Canada and California where Glass Buttes obsidian arti- ancient, extinct animals. A positive reaction between the facts have been discovered. modern day animal anti-sera and the ancient blood residue CONTENTS: PAGE CONTENTS: PAGE Website Upgrades……………………………………………………....4 T-Shirt Design Contest.……………………………...……… 15 Pictures from Memebers…………………………………………… 5-6 Membership Renewal …………………………………..…… 15 ISAC Scores and 2017 World Champions…….……………… 7-10 Annual Meeting Notice………………………………………. 16 Competition Schedule for 2018……………………………...…11-14 How to Submit ISAC Events for Posting ………………………... 14 Editor Apology: Please note that the pictures for the article for the 2017 WAA Annual Meeting that appeared in the Oc- tober edition of the Newsletter were taken and submitted by Lenny Riersma. Thank you, Lenny for your help. The Edi- tor apologizes for this omission from the October Newsletter. 1 Protection of Glass Buttes A Glass Buttes Knap-In is still held every year in the Spring. These knappers generally focus their activities on specific areas as requested by the Bureau of Land Management. BLM has a general policy that states that an individual is allowed to collect reasonable amounts for non-commercial purposes, not to exceed 250 pounds of raw material per person per year (Code of Federal Regulations under 43 CFR 8365 “Rules of Conduct”). Unfortunately, some individuals exploit this re- source and take hundreds of pounds each year. Fig 2 Distribution of Glass Buttes artifacts. The triangle There is no specific protection for Glass Buttes. Several represents Glass Buttes groups have recommended that the area be surveyed and sites evaluated for inclusion in the National Register of His- would indicate a relationship between the two animals. This toric Places. relatively new technique aids in understanding game hunting strategies used by the ancient hunters and how hunting strat- egies changed over time. Joanne Mack PhD, working with the Bureau of Land Man- agement (BLM) conducted the largest survey to date of the Glass Buttes area in 1975. In a 19 square mile area, the sur- vey located 131 sites. These sites are described as campsites, knapping stations, hunting blinds, and rock quarries. The projectile points recovered range in age from 13,000 years BP to 900 years BP. The points included a fluted clovis point, Western Stemmed and foliate points, Northern Side- notched, Pinto, Humbolt, Elko, and Rose Springs series points. Further analysis on Mack 1975 points in 2011 In 1975 XFR and blood residue extraction techniques were in Cottage Grove Clovis their infancy and rarely used. Hence, the importance of fur- ther analysis with XFR and blood residue extraction in 2011 on 41 obsidian and FGV (fine grain volcanic material) projec- Dan Stueber has been a flintknapper and practitioner of primitive technol- ogies since 1982. He has studied flintknapping and lithic technology with tile points on loan from the University of Oregon Museum of Dr. John Fagan and Dr. Everett Callahan, and for the last two decades has Natural and Cultural History.. served as teaching assistant to several of Dr. Fagan’s lithic analysis classes and workshops and to Dr. Callahan’s flintknapping master classes. He has taught at the University of Victoria and co-taught courses with Dr Fagan in all aspects of lithic technology and analysis for Portland State University, Table 1 shows the selected artifacts (at the bottom), assigned Malheur Wildlife Refuge and to archaeologists with the US Forest Service numbers 1-41 for purposes of analysis and discussion. The US Park Service, US Bureau of Land Management and the California De- table at the top shows the type, source, distance from the partment of Transportation. Dan was the Lithic specialist at Archeological source, and results of blood residue. Investigations Northwest for 25 years, where he conducted technological analysis, including the entire assemblage from Marmes Rockshelter (45FR50)*, taught lithic analysis and contributed to reports on hundreds of prehistoric sites in the Pacific Northwest. Note that artifact #9 lists “camel” as the source of the blood residue. Sites at Fossil Lake, Paisley Caves, and in southwest- ern Canada have produced evidence for the existence of this *Marmes Rockshelter; A final Report on 11,000 Years of Cultural Use, extinct species in association with human activity. Camels in Edited by Brent A. Hicks, Washington State University Press, Pullman, these areas became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. WA 2 Table 1. Obsidian Source and Blood Residue results for selected points (Mack 1975) 3 Website Upgrades By Janeen Grohsmeyer Our website worldatlatl.org is getting some upgrades and ONLINE STORE fixes as we move into 2018. Features may be moving about • The shipping problem has been fixed on the store, so or temporarily not available as the site is configured. We you can put your orders in. appreciate your patience, and we would love to have your • New items are available for sale. suggestions! (and your help, if you’re familiar with Word- • We are still configuring the connection to PaypalR. press or if you’d like to be a contributor to the site). Here are some of the changes and enhancements. LIBRARY, ARCHIVE, AND GALLERY • Members can ask for author-privileges on the site, so SITE-WIDE they can post their own articles. • A translation plug-in has been installed so that people • All Newsletters (The Atlatl) from 1988 through 2017 are throughout the world can read the site. Look for the now available on the website for members. flag-button at both top and bottom of each page then • We are collecting a complete newsletter archive (we’re select your preferred language. still missing Oct. 2013, Jan. 2014, and Apr. 2014) There is now a Search box at top of every page. • • We plan to have a more extensive picture gallery • Menus have been updated. • The Sidebar changes depending on what you’re looking ONLINE COMMUNITY (Still to come) at. • Our forum has been temporarily disabled as we switch to a different version. ACCOUNTS • We will be enabling Groups (both geographical and in- • Accounts for those who had problems logging in have terest) so it’s easier to connect with each other. been fixed. • Accounts on the site can be enabled for all WAA mem- WHAT ELSE? bers, no matter if you pay by check, cash, or PaypalR. If What would make this site more useful and more helpful you want an account on the site, please let the web for you? What do you want to see? Let us know by using manager know at [email protected]. the Contact Page at worldatlatl.org/about-us/contact-us/ EVENTS or email [email protected]. • An Interactive calendar with a search and sort function About the Web Manager has been added. You can select by location, distance, Janeen Grohsmeyer first heard the word “atlatl” about ten and type of event. years ago when her son, Ryan, came home from a Boy • Locations show all upcoming events scheduled for Scout camping trip in Maryland and talked about the neat them. weapon he gotten to use. She attended a few nearby events with him (and helped carry the darts to and from the car) • A Map that shows locations of upcoming events. and more recently has enjoyed trips to Letchworth Park in • Members can fill out an online event form to be re- New York and Cahokia Mounds in Illinois. She has worked viewed by the WAA Secretary for posting. For privacy, as an engineer for the US Navy and the US Army, and she street addresses are not shown on the calendar or map, has been a web manager for two churches and the League only towns.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Review
    HISTORICAL REVIEW OCTOBER 1961 Death of General Lyon, Battle of Wilson's Creek Published Quarte e State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1949, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1959-1962 E. L. DALE, Carthage, President L. E. MEADOR, Springfield, First Vice President WILLIAM L. BKADSHAW, Columbia, Second Vice President GEORGE W. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe, Third Vice President RUSSELL V. DYE, Liberty, Fourth Vice President WILLIAM C. TUCKER, Warrensburg, Fifth Vice President JOHN A. WINKLER, Hannibal, Sixth Vice President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary Emeritus and Consultant RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director. Secretary, and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City L. M. WHITE, Mexico G. L. ZWICK. St Joseph Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1961 WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton FRANK LUTHER MOTT, Columbia ALFRED 0. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia GEORGE FULLER GREEN, Kansas City JAMES TODD, Moberly ROBERT S. GREEN, Mexico T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1962 F C. BARNHILL, Marshall *RALPH P. JOHNSON, Osceola FRANK P. BRIGGS Macon ROBERT NAGEL JONES, St. Louis HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville Term Expires at Annual Meeting. 1963 RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Janus-Faced Dilemma of Rock Art Heritage
    The Janus-faced dilemma of rock art heritage management in Europe: a double dialectic process between conservation and public outreach, transmission and exclusion Mélanie Duval, Christophe Gauchon To cite this version: Mélanie Duval, Christophe Gauchon. The Janus-faced dilemma of rock art heritage management in Europe: a double dialectic process between conservation and public outreach, transmission and exclusion. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, Taylor & Francis, In press, 10.1080/13505033.2020.1860329. hal-03078965 HAL Id: hal-03078965 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03078965 Submitted on 21 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Duval Mélanie, Gauchon Christophe, 2021. The Janus-faced dilemma of rock art heritage management in Europe: a double dialectic process between conservation and public outreach, transmission and exclusion, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2020.1860329 Authors: Mélanie Duval and Christophe Gauchon Mélanie Duval: *Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB), CNRS, Environnements, Dynamics and Territories of Mountains (EDYTEM), Chambéry, France; * Rock Art Research Institute GAES, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Christophe Gauchon: *Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB), CNRS, Environnements, Dynamics and Territories of Mountains (EDYTEM), Chambéry, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee
    From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Miller, Darcy Shane Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 09:33:21 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320030 From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee by Darcy Shane Miller __________________________ Copyright © Darcy Shane Miller 2014 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2014 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Darcy Shane Miller, titled From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) Vance T. Holliday _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) Steven L. Kuhn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) Mary C. Stiner _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) David G. Anderson Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College.
    [Show full text]
  • Wege Zur Musik
    The beginnings 40,000 years ago Homo sapiens journeyed up the River Danube in small groups. On the southern edge of the Swabian Alb, in the tundra north of the glacial Alpine foothills, the fami- lies found good living conditions: a wide offering of edible berries, roots and herbs as well as herds of reindeer and wild horses. In the valleys along the rivers they found karst caves which offered protection in the long and bleak winters. Here they made figures of animals and hu-mans, ornaments of pearls and musical instruments. The archaeological finds in some of these caves are so significant that the sites were declared by UNESCO in 2017 as ‘World Heritage Sites of Earliest Ice-age Art’. Since 1993 I have been performing concerts in such caves on archaic musical instruments. Since 2002 I have been joined by the percussion group ‘Banda Maracatu’. Ever since prehis- toric times flutes and drums have formed a perfect musical partnership. It was therefore natu- ral to invite along Gabriele Dalferth who not only made all of the ice-age flutes used in this recording but also masters them. The archaeology of music When looking back on the history of mankind, the period over which music has been docu- mented is a mere flash in time. Prior to that the nature of music was such that once it had fainted away it had disappeared forever. That is the situation for music archaeologists: The music of ice-age hunters and gatherers has gone for all time and cannot be rediscovered. Some musical instruments however have survived for a long time.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Relationships Between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology Via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling William E
    Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco-cultural niche modeling William E. Banks To cite this version: William E. Banks. Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco- cultural niche modeling. Archaeology and Prehistory. Universite Bordeaux 1, 2013. hal-01840898 HAL Id: hal-01840898 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01840898 Submitted on 11 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches Université de Bordeaux 1 William E. BANKS UMR 5199 PACEA – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Assessing Relationships between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling Soutenue le 14 novembre 2013 devant un jury composé de: Michel CRUCIFIX, Chargé de Cours à l'Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique Francesco D'ERRICO, Directeur de Recherche au CRNS, Talence Jacques JAUBERT, Professeur à l'Université de Bordeaux 1, Talence Rémy PETIT, Directeur de Recherche à l'INRA, Cestas Pierre SEPULCHRE, Chargé de Recherche au CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette Jean-Denis VIGNE, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, Paris Table of Contents Summary of Past Research Introduction ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College Version June 20, 2012
    1 Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College version June 20, 2012 Introduction I began accumulating this bibliography around 1996, making notes for my own uses. Since I have access to some obscure articles, I thought it might be useful to put this information where others can get at it. Comments in brackets [ ] are my own comments, opinions, and critiques, and not everyone will agree with them. The thoroughness of the annotation varies depending on when I read the piece and what my interests were at the time. The many articles from atlatl newsletters describing contests and scores are not included. I try to find news media mentions of atlatls, but many have little useful info. There are a few peripheral items, relating to topics like the dating of the introduction of the bow, archery, primitive hunting, projectile points, and skeletal anatomy. Through the kindness of Lorenz Bruchert and Bill Tate, in 2008 I inherited the articles accumulated for Bruchert’s extensive atlatl bibliography (Bruchert 2000), and have been incorporating those I did not have in mine. Many previously hard to get articles are now available on the web - see for instance postings on the Atlatl Forum at the Paleoplanet webpage http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/forums/26/t/WAA-Links-References.html and on the World Atlatl Association pages at http://www.worldatlatl.org/ If I know about it, I will sometimes indicate such an electronic source as well as the original citation. The articles use a variety of measurements. Some useful conversions: 1”=2.54
    [Show full text]
  • Working Together to Preserve the Past
    CUOURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT information for Parks, Federal Agencies, Trtoian Tribes, States, Local Governments, and %he Privale Sector <yt CRM TotLUME 18 NO. 7 1995 Working Together to Preserve the Past U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Cultural Resources PUBLISHED BY THE VOLUME 18 NO. 7 1995 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Contents ISSN 1068-4999 To promote and maintain high standards for preserving and managing cultural resources Working Together DIRECTOR to Preserve the Past Roger G. Kennedy ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Katherine H. Stevenson The Historic Contact in the Northeast EDITOR National Historic Landmark Theme Study Ronald M. Greenberg An Overview 3 PRODUCTION MANAGER Robert S. Grumet Karlota M. Koester A National Perspective 4 GUEST EDITOR Carol D. Shull Robert S. Grumet ADVISORS The Most Important Things We Can Do 5 David Andrews Lloyd N. Chapman Editor, NPS Joan Bacharach Museum Registrar, NPS The NHL Archeological Initiative 7 Randall J. Biallas Veletta Canouts Historical Architect, NPS John A. Bums Architect, NPS Harry A. Butowsky Shantok: A Tale of Two Sites 8 Historian, NPS Melissa Jayne Fawcett Pratt Cassity Executive Director, National Alliance of Preservation Commissions Pemaquid National Historic Landmark 11 Muriel Crespi Cultural Anthropologist, NPS Robert L. Bradley Craig W. Davis Archeologist, NPS Mark R. Edwards The Fort Orange and Schuyler Flatts NHL 15 Director, Historic Preservation Division, Paul R. Huey State Historic Preservation Officer, Georgia Bruce W Fry Chief of Research Publications National Historic Sites, Parks Canada The Rescue of Fort Massapeag 20 John Hnedak Ralph S. Solecki Architectural Historian, NPS Roger E. Kelly Archeologist, NPS Historic Contact at Camden NHL 25 Antoinette J.
    [Show full text]
  • Archeology Inventory Table of Contents
    National Historic Landmarks--Archaeology Inventory Theresa E. Solury, 1999 Updated and Revised, 2003 Caridad de la Vega National Historic Landmarks-Archeology Inventory Table of Contents Review Methods and Processes Property Name ..........................................................1 Cultural Affiliation .......................................................1 Time Period .......................................................... 1-2 Property Type ...........................................................2 Significance .......................................................... 2-3 Theme ................................................................3 Restricted Address .......................................................3 Format Explanation .................................................... 3-4 Key to the Data Table ........................................................ 4-6 Data Set Alabama ...............................................................7 Alaska .............................................................. 7-9 Arizona ............................................................. 9-10 Arkansas ..............................................................10 California .............................................................11 Colorado ..............................................................11 Connecticut ........................................................ 11-12 District of Columbia ....................................................12 Florida ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter III Affected Environment/Consequences
    III-1 Chapter III Affected Environment/Consequences This chapter provides a description of the existing social, economic and natural environmental characteristics present in SIU 6. This inventory serves as a baseline for assessing the possible impacts of the proposed actions. In addition, this chapter describes the potential environmental consequences of the No-Build and Build Alternatives described in Chapter II. A. Social and Economic Setting Social and economic data were collected for both Montgomery and Callaway Counties to provide insight into the study corridor population. Such insights may reveal populations that are at risk for impacts by the proposed action and allow comparisons among different population groups both within and outside the study corridor. Data were collected from the 1990 and 2000 United States Census of Population and Housing to establish current conditions and to determine population characteristic trends. 1. Demographic Conditions a. Population According to the 2000 U.S. Census, Callaway County has a population of 40,766. This represents a 24 percent increase from the 1990 population of 32,809. Nearly 30 percent (12,128) of the county’s residents live in Fulton, located about 15 miles south of Kingdom City. Callaway County is one of the largest counties in the state, consisting of 839 square miles. Population density in the county is 48.6 persons per square mile. The county is approximately 52 percent male and 48 percent female, while 92 percent of the inhabitants are white. The median age in Callaway County is 34.7 years old and 74.6 percent of the population is over 18 years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Hclassification
    Form NO. 10-300 (Rev. 10-74) NATIONAL HT prpORIC LANDMARK Theme: The Original Inhabitants The 1 liest Americans UNITED STATES DhPARTMEN l F THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY » NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS NAME HISTORIC GRAHAM CAVE 23-MT-2 (LOCATION T 48 N> ^ R> 6 w<i part Qf Sec> 27 STREETS. NUMBER North Side of Interstate 70, on State Route TT in Graham Cave State Park _NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Mineola _X VICINITY OF Ninth STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Missouri 29 Mont gomerv 139 HCLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT ^_PUBLIC _ OCCUPIED _ AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM _ BUILDING(S) _PRIVATE ^-UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —STRUCTURE —BOTH __ WORKINPROGRE Sb .^EDUCATIONAL .—PRIVATE RESIDENCE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT —IN PROCESS X_YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC _BEING CONSIDERED — YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION _NO —MILITARY —OTHER: OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME James Wilson, Director of Parks State of Missouri, Missouri State Park Board: Lawrence Shelton, Archeologist STREET & NUMBER P.O. Box 176, 1204 Jefferson Building CITY. TOWN STATE Jefferson City Missouri 65101 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REG.STRY OF DEEDS, ETC STREET & NUMBER P.O. Box 176, 1204 Jefferson Building CITY, TOWN STATE Jefferson Citv Missouri 65101 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE University of Missouri, Missouri Archeological Society Survey DATE — FEDERAL XSTATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR .SURVEYRECORDS Missouri Archeological Society CITY. TOWN STATE Columbia Missouri 1 DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED —UNALTERED X-ORIGINALSITE _XGOOD _RUINS -X-ALTERED —MOVED DATE- _FAIR X—UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Graham Cave is located in a State Park near Mineola, Missouri, in the Loutre River Valley about 15 miles north of the Loutre's confluence with the Missouri River.
    [Show full text]
  • When Did Homo Sapiens First Reach Southeast Asia and Sahul?
    PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE When did Homo sapiens first reach Southeast Asia and Sahul? James F. O’Connella,1, Jim Allenb, Martin A. J. Williamsc, Alan N. Williamsd,e, Chris S. M. Turneyf,g, Nigel A. Spoonerh,i, Johan Kammingaj, Graham Brownk,l,m, and Alan Cooperg,n Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved July 5, 2018 (received for review May 31, 2018) Anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens, AMH) began spreading across Eurasia from Africa and adjacent Southwest Asia about 50,000–55,000 years ago (ca.50–55 ka). Some have argued that human genetic, fossil, and archaeological data indicate one or more prior dispersals, possibly as early as 120 ka. A recently reported age estimate of 65 ka for Madjedbebe, an archaeological site in northern Sahul (Pleistocene Australia–New Guinea), if correct, offers what might be the strongest support yet presented for a pre–55-ka African AMH exodus. We review evidence for AMH arrival on an arc spanning South China through Sahul and then evaluate data from Madjedbebe. We find that an age estimate of >50 ka for this site is unlikely to be valid. While AMH may have moved far beyond Africa well before 50–55 ka, data from the region of interest offered in support of this idea are not compelling. Homo sapiens | anatomically modern humans | Late Pleistocene | Madjedbebe | Sahul Fossil data suggest that the modern human lineage Advocates envision a stepwise spread in at least two appeared in Africa by 300 ka (1). There is broad but not stages, the first across southern Eurasia and another universal agreement that near-modern or modern hu- much later into higher latitudes, including Europe.
    [Show full text]