“If I would study my old, lost art, let us say, I must make myself the artisan of it…” Frank Lukes, Editor Volume 31, Number 1 3809 Broadview Road, West Lafayette, IN January 2018 Website: www.worldatlatl.org Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Years of Continuous Use (from a presentation by Daniel O. Stueber) The article below is a summary by Anita Lukes of a presentation given by Daniel O. Stueber at the 2017 WAA Annual Meeting at Husum, Washington. His complete article with references can be downloaded for free at academia.edu and is as follows: Stueber, D.O. and Skinner, C.E., 2015, Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Year of Continuous Use In Toolstone Geography of the Pacific Northwest, Edited by Terry L. Ozbun and Ron L. Adams, pp 193-207. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser For more than 14,000 years Glass Buttes, one of the largest obsidian sources in Oregon, has been a source of high quality toolstone for Native American flintknappers. Glass Buttes’ obsidian is of high quality, abundant, and in many colors. The colors include translucent and banded black, red, mahog- any, gold sheen, silver sheen, gray-green banded, rainbow, and banded or mottled multi-color combinations. It is found in large blocks or boulders, some weighing more than 100 pounds. Figure 1 shows many of these Oregon obsidian source sites. Because of the quality of Glass Buttes obsidian, it has been prized among Native American and First Nation people of North America. Obsidian from this source contin- ues to be coveted by present-day knappers. X-Ray Fluorescence Fig 1 Oregon Obsidian Source Sites. Glass Buttes represented The glass-like nature of obsidian made it a material of choice by the circle for tool making and therefore a valuable trade commodity. Over the last 30 years, the use of x-ray fluorescence (XFR) Blood Residue Extraction characterization methods has enabled researchers to under- stand the movement of obsidian tools and toolstone across Blood residue on toolstones can now be extracted and tested the landscape. Figure 2 shows areas not only in Oregon, but with antisera from modern day animals that are relatives of in Canada and California where Glass Buttes obsidian arti- ancient, extinct animals. A positive reaction between the facts have been discovered. modern day animal anti-sera and the ancient blood residue CONTENTS: PAGE CONTENTS: PAGE Website Upgrades……………………………………………………....4 T-Shirt Design Contest.……………………………...……… 15 Pictures from Memebers…………………………………………… 5-6 Membership Renewal …………………………………..…… 15 ISAC Scores and 2017 World Champions…….……………… 7-10 Annual Meeting Notice………………………………………. 16 Competition Schedule for 2018……………………………...…11-14 How to Submit ISAC Events for Posting ………………………... 14 Editor Apology: Please note that the pictures for the article for the 2017 WAA Annual Meeting that appeared in the Oc- tober edition of the Newsletter were taken and submitted by Lenny Riersma. Thank you, Lenny for your help. The Edi- tor apologizes for this omission from the October Newsletter. 1 Protection of Glass Buttes A Glass Buttes Knap-In is still held every year in the Spring. These knappers generally focus their activities on specific areas as requested by the Bureau of Land Management. BLM has a general policy that states that an individual is allowed to collect reasonable amounts for non-commercial purposes, not to exceed 250 pounds of raw material per person per year (Code of Federal Regulations under 43 CFR 8365 “Rules of Conduct”). Unfortunately, some individuals exploit this re- source and take hundreds of pounds each year. Fig 2 Distribution of Glass Buttes artifacts. The triangle There is no specific protection for Glass Buttes. Several represents Glass Buttes groups have recommended that the area be surveyed and sites evaluated for inclusion in the National Register of His- would indicate a relationship between the two animals. This toric Places. relatively new technique aids in understanding game hunting strategies used by the ancient hunters and how hunting strat- egies changed over time. Joanne Mack PhD, working with the Bureau of Land Man- agement (BLM) conducted the largest survey to date of the Glass Buttes area in 1975. In a 19 square mile area, the sur- vey located 131 sites. These sites are described as campsites, knapping stations, hunting blinds, and rock quarries. The projectile points recovered range in age from 13,000 years BP to 900 years BP. The points included a fluted clovis point, Western Stemmed and foliate points, Northern Side- notched, Pinto, Humbolt, Elko, and Rose Springs series points. Further analysis on Mack 1975 points in 2011 In 1975 XFR and blood residue extraction techniques were in Cottage Grove Clovis their infancy and rarely used. Hence, the importance of fur- ther analysis with XFR and blood residue extraction in 2011 on 41 obsidian and FGV (fine grain volcanic material) projec- Dan Stueber has been a flintknapper and practitioner of primitive technol- ogies since 1982. He has studied flintknapping and lithic technology with tile points on loan from the University of Oregon Museum of Dr. John Fagan and Dr. Everett Callahan, and for the last two decades has Natural and Cultural History.. served as teaching assistant to several of Dr. Fagan’s lithic analysis classes and workshops and to Dr. Callahan’s flintknapping master classes. He has taught at the University of Victoria and co-taught courses with Dr Fagan in all aspects of lithic technology and analysis for Portland State University, Table 1 shows the selected artifacts (at the bottom), assigned Malheur Wildlife Refuge and to archaeologists with the US Forest Service numbers 1-41 for purposes of analysis and discussion. The US Park Service, US Bureau of Land Management and the California De- table at the top shows the type, source, distance from the partment of Transportation. Dan was the Lithic specialist at Archeological source, and results of blood residue. Investigations Northwest for 25 years, where he conducted technological analysis, including the entire assemblage from Marmes Rockshelter (45FR50)*, taught lithic analysis and contributed to reports on hundreds of prehistoric sites in the Pacific Northwest. Note that artifact #9 lists “camel” as the source of the blood residue. Sites at Fossil Lake, Paisley Caves, and in southwest- ern Canada have produced evidence for the existence of this *Marmes Rockshelter; A final Report on 11,000 Years of Cultural Use, extinct species in association with human activity. Camels in Edited by Brent A. Hicks, Washington State University Press, Pullman, these areas became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. WA 2 Table 1. Obsidian Source and Blood Residue results for selected points (Mack 1975) 3 Website Upgrades By Janeen Grohsmeyer Our website worldatlatl.org is getting some upgrades and ONLINE STORE fixes as we move into 2018. 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