THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY

VoL. 27, No. 1 SPRING, 1969

Notes on in Western North America

PETER RUBTZOFF, DepMtment of Botany, Califomta Academy of Sciences, San Fmncisco, Califomia 94118.

Although Fassett, who monographed the genus CaUitriche for the ~ew World (1951 ), worked with material from a large number of institutions in the eastern United States, the only in­ stitution in western North America from which he studied mater­ ial is the Herbarium of the University of . This partly accounts for the less complete illumination by F assett of the situ­ ation in the \Vest, than has been done by him for eastern North America. Examination of Cctllitriche material at the herbaria of the Cahfornia Academy of Sciences (CAS), the University of California (UC), and the Dudley (DS) and J epson (JEPS) herbaria, and of C. longipedtmculata, C. ma1·ginata, and uniden­ tified Callit1 ·iche material from the herbarium of Pomona Uollege (PO:JI) and Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSA) yielded additional information for western North America which I present in this paper. To the above institutions and to all persons who were of assistance in the present study, I express my deepest gratitude. Callitriche peploides Nuttall var. semialat a Fassett. This was collected in Ontario, San Bernardino County, California, as a "weed in lath house in low damp area & in gal. cans of camellias" at the Armstrong Nursery, Camblin, June 1, 1966 (CAS). Fassett (1951, pp. 163, 164) cited this variety from Mexico and Honduras only. Thomas C. Fuller (1967, p. 99) , on the basis of the same collection, recently reported it among weeds new to California. Callitriche anceps Fernald. Although this plant is cited by Fassett (1951, pp. 187, 188 )

[ 103 ] 104 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 27, 1969 from a large number of localities in eastern North America, only five collections from four widely scattered areas (Attn Island, Aleutians; Seward P eninsula, Alaska; Mt. Rainier, Washington; and Summit County, Utah) are listed by him for the '\Yest. I-Iulten (1960, p. 257) cites the plant from Alaska Peninsula, Alaska, Porsild (1951, p. 251) from Yukon, and Ta~d or (1966, p. 5) lists it for British Columbia. In this paper I shall call atten­ tion to additional occurrences of 0 . ctnceps in the \Iest. Before the citation of specimens, however, I shall discuss the status of the plant. Oallitt·iche anceps seems to be closely related to 0. heterophylla Pursh. Both occupy areas ranging across North America, but, although there is some overlap of the geographical ranges of the two, 0. anceps occupies essentially the northern half of the con­ tinent, extending south at high elevations, whereas 0 . hetet·o­ phylla occupies the southern half (see maps in Fassett, 1951, pp. 176, 178 [left], and 189) . On pages 188 to 190 of his treatment Fassett (1951) discusses several characters which were believed to differentiate 0 . anceps from 0 . heteTophylla, and decides that most of them are not good. The shape of the fruit, which is nar­ rower below the middle than above the middle in 0. hete·rophylla, and is essentially the same width below as above the middle in 0. anceps, he considers to be the most fundamental character separating the two. He also mentions the tips of veins in the linear submersed leaves, which, according to him, are slightly more excurrent in 0. anceps than in 0 . hetet·ophyllct . After having examined a number of of both species I decided that the variation present in this character, often even within one individual, diminishes its diagnostic value. The shape of the fruit seems to be a more consistent character, successfull~· appli­ cable in most instances, but not in all of them, since some varia­ tion in the shape of the fruit present in both 0. anceps and 0. heteTophylla makes this character overlap as well. Fassett (1951, p . 190) discusses this situation and mentions that some individ-

FIGURE 1. Distribution of a. trochlea?"is (circles), a. longipeduncu­ lata (squares), and a. stagnalis (triangles, range shown for western North America only). Solid symbols: localities cited by Fassett (1951); open symbols: additional localities. ,, c.....

-, I l_

'i' r.. - r.. 0 N {J ,1} E-< , ~ l l- p -\. 0 p:: ·r )---j__ I:P I 0 ~ · ' ~ 0 ' p:: • ~ ""' J . c ~ · • · 0.... '-' p:: ..... E-< l

Callitriche trochlearis Fassett. Fassett described C. t1·ochleaTis in 1951 (p. 194) when he mono­ graphed the genus, and, following the description, he cited five collections from four different localities, all of them in California: Buck Mountain and Eureka in I-Imnboldt Count:·, Ukiah in Mendocino County, and Cazadero in Sonoma Count:-. The collec­ tion from Eureka (1'mcy 824), however, represents very typical material of C. heterophylla var. BolancZM·i, and has been cited under C. trochlea-ris obviously erroneously. The present study revealed a number of coll ections of C. trochlea·ris which consid­ erably extend the range of the species as given by Fassett. Pre­ ceding the citations of these collections, however, a discussion on the variability in the fruit characters of the plant is giYen. <\.ctually, a greater degree of variation in certain fruit char­ acters is exhibited even by the small ammmt of material seen by Fassett, than is allowed for in his treatment. In the descrip­ tion of the species (p. 194) Fassett says "Fruit nearly round, 1.0-1.2 mm. in diameter," and in the key (p. 146 ) we read "fruit almost exactly as high as wide, always sessile." Actnall:r', the fruit was found to vary from round to somewhat elongate in shape, and was often found to be short-pedunculate, and should probably be called subsessile, rather than sessile. In the regional key (p. 220) the fruit width is given by Fassett again as 1.0- 1.2 mm., but the present writer found some fruits to measure as much as 1.5 1mn. in width. In the same key on p. 220 we read "Carpels broadly winged all around the margin." Actually the wing was often found to be quite narrow. Besides, the wing was not always found to be of equal width arotmd the carpel, as is stated in key on p. 146, but was often found to be somewhat broader at the summit of the mericarps. Callit1·iche tTochleaTis appears to be quite common in the Coast Ranges of California from Humboldt County to San :i\Iateo and Santa Clara counties, but has also been collected as far north as the V\Tillamette Valley in Oregon, as far south as northwestern San Luis Obispo County in California, and as far inland as the Sierra Nevada foothills in Calaveras County, California. A list of specimens lmo,vn to the writer, except for those already cited by Fassett ( 1951, p. 194), follows. 108 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 27, 1969

OREGON: LINN CouNTY: 1 mile northwest of Tangent, Stew­ a1"Cl 6345 in 1953 (CAS, DS). CALIFORNIA: IIm moLDT CouNTY: Alton, Tmcy 4025 in 1913 (UC); near summit of ridge between Van Duzen and Mad rivers on Dinsmore's Ranch, about 3,500 feet, TTCLcy 4277 in 1913 (UC). MENDOCINO COUNTY: Janish Ranch, Little Lake Valley 2.5 mi. southeast of Willits, Wiggins & F en·is 10,186 in 1943 (DS); Potter Valley, Eastwood 12,630 in 1925 (CAS); south of Bufford Ranch, Potter Valley, Bake1· 11,356 in 1946 (CAS); near Yorkville, Eastwood & Howell 4552 in 1937 (CAS) . LAKE CouNTY: Liberty Pond, Scotts Valley, Blankinship, April15, 1924 (CAS). NAPA CouNTY: upper Napa Valley at Big Geyser, Howell 61 73 in 1931 (CAS); just north of Calistoga on Route 28, Raven, May 6, 1950 (CAS). SoNOMA CoUKTY: along U. S. 101 just south of Asti, Raven 18,163 in 1963 (DS); Santa Rosa, Eastwood 10,359 in 1921 (CAS); Pitkin Marsh, Rttbtzo.ff 1003 in 1952 (CAS, DS; this collection contains also some representatives of C. hete·rophylla var. BolandeTi and has been cited under C. Bolande1·i H egelmaier in Rubtzoff, 1953); Laguna de Santa Rosa north of Sebastopol, near Occidental Road, Rubtzo ff 3666 in 1958 (CAS); Todd Road 1.4 miles north of Highway 116 and 0.6 miles west of Llano Road, Rubtzoff 5691 in 1966 (CAS); Freestone Marsh, Rubtzoff 4848, 4896B, and 4897B in 1962 (CAS) ; Bodega Bay Marsh, Rubtzoff 5058B in 1962 (CAS) ; Stony Point Road about 4 miles northwest of Petaluma, H i1·ano, :i\Iay 3, 1961 (JEPS); Upper Stempl e Creek Marsh, P efi.a.losa 1590 and 1595 in 1961 (CAS), Rubtzoff 4604, 4607, and 4608A in 1961 (CAS) . MARIN CouNTY : east of Aurora School at Sonoma County line, How ell 21,706A in 1946 (CAS ; the information in Howell, 1949, on the occurrence of C. steno­ caTpa IIegelmaier in Marin County is based on this collection); Potrero Meadows, Mt. Tamalpais, H ow ell17,889 in 1943 (CAS). SAN FRA NCISCO CouNTY: South San Francisco,1 Dudley, May 1, 1893 (DS) . SAN MATEO CouNTY: near head San Bruno Creek, N. vY. San Andreas Reservoir, Dudley, March 18, 1900 (DS )2;

' Thi' locality name, although written by the co ll ec tor on a printed San "Mateo County label, seems to have actuall y designated an area in the southeastern part of the present·day city of San Francisco, to judge from the evidence presented in Howell et al. (1958, p. 4) and Gudde (1960, p. 302) on the usc of the name "South San Francisco" in th e late 19th century. •Local iti es listed under C. Bolonrleri in Thomas (196 1) are based on specimens of what was found to be C. trochlearis, except for Camp Evers, which is based on a co ll ~c ti o n or C. lz eterophylla var. B olanrleri. NOTES ON CALLITRICHE- RUBTZOFF 109 ridge north of McDonald's ranch, near Portola Valley, Duclley, March 23, 1894 (DS); Crowfoot Pond on Alpine Road, opposite the Fitzpatrick place, Dudley, April 23, 1904 (DS) ; lagoon back of New Years Point, Mason, May 29, 1921 (DS) . SANTA CLARA CouNTY : pool along New Grade Road near Stanford University, Abrarns, April 23, 1904 (DS) ; pool along New Grade Road, Black Mountain, Dudley, April 23, 1904 (DS)3 ; southern end of Mount Day Ridge, Mount Hamilton Range, 3,500 feet, f:J iuu ­ smith 3677 in 1936 (DS, UC; although this collection is cited by Fassett, 1951, under C. heterophylla var. Bolande1·i, I believe it is . t1·o chlea.TiSj the fruits agree in shape, size, and color with those of C. trochlecwis and their mericarps are narrowly winged all ar01md the margin). SAN LUis OBISPO CouNTY : 1 mile north of entrance to Piedras Blancas Point, about 25 feet, Thorne 32,261 in 1963 (CAS) ; Pine Mountain, 2,500 feet, H ardhcnn 5663 in 1960 (CAS); Camb1·ia, north of town, H oover 9351 in 1965 (CAS ); "Dry Lake," Santa Rita (Julu) Ranch west of Temple­ ton, H anlham 1690 in 1957 (CAS) .

Callitriche longipedunculata Moeong. Fassett (1951, p. 209 ) gives the distribution of this species as "Central and southern California" and cites material from Sutter, :Marin, Calaveras, Alameda, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, and San Diego counties. Marin County should be excluded from the above list, however, since the only collection cited b~- Fassett under that county (lli£ason 6801 from Inverness Ridge), although originally determined as C. longipedunculata, bears Fassett's an­ notation label "Callitriche no fruit," indicating that F assett was not able to identify the plant to species. Tuolumne County, on the contrary, should be included in Fassett's citations, since the locality of H onnay 705 ( 6 miles south of Keystone on road to La Grange) definitely falls into that county, although the specimen is listed under Calaveras County by Fassett. Actually, the incor- 1·ect county name appears on the sheet's label (not on the original label in the envelope, however, on which no county is given). Another error present among the citations by Fassett may also be pointed out. In H ormay 703 from "fourteen miles east of Merced

•Although a printed San lllateo County label has bee n used for this collection by Dudley, both it and the preceding specimen of Abrams ( in which no county is given) ha ve most likely been co llec ted at the same place in Santa Clara County. 110 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 27, 1969 on Yosemite Road, Merced River" the word "River" has obviously been used erroneously for the word "County," as is shown by maps, and by analogy of other labels on Hormay sheets. In this instance, again, Fassett used the incorrect information as it ap­ pears on the specimen's label (but not on the original label in the enYelope on which neither a county nor a river name is given). The actual C. longipedunculata collections in Fassett's citations came thus from the following eight counties: Sutter, Calaveras, Tuolumne, Alameda, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, and San Diego. In J epson (1936, p. 434), most of the collections cited under C. rnarginatct Torrey var. longipedttncttlata (Morang) J epson r epresent C. longipedunculata. However, Hannay 706b is G. marginata and has been cited under that species by Fassett (1951 ), and Hannay 702 and Jlllason 6808 bear Fassett's annota­ tion labels " Callitriche no fruit" and thus were considered by him not identifiable to species. H onnay 711 and F enley's numbers cited b:v Jepson could not be checked by the present writer, l;le­ cause most of Fenley's and part of Hormay's Callitriche collec­ tions 1Yere destroyed by a flood. Of these, particularly F enley 594 from Santa Rosa would have been in need of checking, being from a region considerably outside the distributional range of C. longipedunculata as we presently know it. Among num erous Cctllitriche collections from the Santa Rosa region of Sonoma County examined by me no representative of C. longipedunctdatct was seen, and I doubt that this species has been collected there. To conclude the discussion of Jepson's citations under var. longi­ peduncnlata it may be pointed out that, as is shown by Dr. Mason's notebook, "lliason C6" should be actually Mason 5547, "C6" being a locality number rather than a specimen number, and "]Jason 715 " actually represents a Gilia collected at Tuol­ umne :Meadows. 'l.'he only collection by :Mason of C. longipedttn­ culata. from Briones Road, the l o c a 1it y given by Jepson for "llfason 715," that is known to the present writer is Mason 6852, which is cited later in this paper. It seems that Jepson (1936, p. 435) regarded as C. stenocarpa I-Iegelmaier what actually is short-peduncled material of C. longipeduncttlata.. Abrarns 3450 cited by him is such a plant. The collections cited by Jepson as "Valley Sprs., Calaveras Co." and NOTES ON CALLITRICHE-RUBTZOFF 111

"Oakdale, Stanislaus Co." without collectors' names and numbers, are likely to be lllason 5193 and 1Jilason 5171 respectively, which came from these areas and were originally determined as 0. stenocarpct, but actually represent short-peduncled 0. longi2J e­ dunculata. Sonne from Mt. Stanford area, however, which is also cited by Jepson under 0. stenocarpa, is 0. ve·rna, and Ho?· ­ may 704 could not be located by the present writer, and probably was among the material lost in the :flood. Specimens at the Herbarium of Pomona College from southern California localities listed under 0 . ma.1·ginata var. longipedtm­ culata in l\Iunz ( 1935), were found to be 0 . 1narginata, except for some from the vicinity of San Diego which actually represent 0. longipedttncttlat((.. The only collection from San Clemente Is­ land cited by Raven (1963, p. 329 ) under 0. longipedtmculata is also 0 . mw·ginata. Callit·riche longipeduncula.ta, according to our present know­ ledge, is a species of the Central Valley and surrounding foot­ hills, with an apparently disjunct area in coastal southern Cali­ fornia (see map). The following collections add localities to the distribution of the plant as given by Fassett (1951, p. 209) and extend its range. SH ASTA CouNTY : Redding, Bumkinship, March 25, 1911 4 (JEPS) ; between Boulder and Churn Creek 3 miles northeast of Redding, 650 feet, Wheele1· 3391 in 1935 (POM, UC). SUTTER CouNTY: east of Marysville Buttes, 100 feet, B enson 6355 in J 935 (POJI). SACRAl\1ENTO Cou NTY: U. S. 99 10 miles south of Sacramento, 100 feet, Benson 4342 in 1933 (POM). SoLANO Cou ~ TY : Dozier Station, near Binghamton, about 80 feet, J epson 4 12,398 in 1928 (JEPS) ; south of Vanden, J epson 17,403 in 1936 ( JE P S) ; :Montezuma IIi lls, 2 miles southeast of Denverton, .Jepson 27,517 in 1944 ( JEPS); 9 miles northwest of Rio Vista, Smith 823 in 1951 (DS, POM, UC ). CoNTRA CosTA CouNTY : Deer VaJle~', Briones Road, 111 as on 6852 in 1932 (UC; although annotated by Fassett as "Callitriche marginata and C. longiped­ unculata," this collection is cited by him [1951] under 0. mar­ ginnta only) ; 3 miles south of Byron, about 50 feet, Shttltz, March 15, 1958 (JEPS). S'l'ANISLAUS CouNTY : 1 mile east of Knights Ferry on California Highway 120, B1·eedlove 4844 in 1963 (DS) ;

'Cited in Jepso n (1 936, p. 434) under C. m.argiuata var. loll gipedullculata. 112 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 27, 1969 off California Highway 120 just beyond junction of road to Knights Perry, H eckard 1451 in 1965 (CAS, JEPS). MERCED CouNTY: pools, lava beds, Mariposa road, Congdon, March 1883 (DS). l\LwERA CouNTY: 4 miles southwest of Wide Awake Ranch, 400 feet, J epson 15,155 in 1929 ( JEPS) •; top of Kennedy Table (about 5 airline miles east of O'Neals), about 2,400 feet, Bcwiga­ lupi 7671 in 1961 ( JEPS). FRESNO COUNTY: summit of north­ eastermnost of the Table Mountains, above and south of head of Millerton Lake, just south of Temperance Flat, about 2,000 feet, B acigalupi 6989A in 1959 ( JEPS). TULARE CouNTY: Pixley Natural Area, about 5 miles east-northeast of Pixley, Zaninovich, April, 1963 (CAS), JlllcOlintock, March 26, 1967 (CAS). RIVER­ SIDE CouNTY: Mesa de Colorado, Rancho California, Santa Rosa Plateau, about 2,200 feet, Thonte 37,451 in 1968 (CAS ).

Callitriche stagnalis Scopoli emend. Kiitzing.

This Old \Vorld species, questionably native in North America (Fassett 1951, p. 212), is known here chiefly from the East. For western North America Fassett (1951, p. 214) lists only four localities, in southwestern British Columbia, in King and Benton counties, Washington, and in Clatsop County in northwestern­ most Oregon. On Fassett's distributional map of that species (1951, p. 213) an additional dot is plotted, apparent!~- in north­ western Clallam County, Washington, but the occurrence is not confirmed in the text and therefore has not been shown on the map in the present paper. The following· collections known to the writer add localities to the distribution of the species in the West as given b:· Fassett (1951, pp. 213, 214) and extend its range into California.

Vol ASHINGTON: WHATCOM CouNTY : Bellingham, S1dherland 1083 in 1965 (DS, UC). KING CouNTY : N. 100th, between Corliss and Meridian Avenue, Seattle, Eyerdcmn 6415 in 19-!1 (UC). YAKIMA CoUN'.rY: Naches River east of Naches town, II oover 5998 in 1942 (UC). OREGON: CLATSOP CouNTY: Ft. Stevens State Park, 4 miles west of Astoria, Porter· & Porter 9218 in 1962 (DS); along U.S. 101near Gearhart, Porte1· 6639 in 195± (UC). LINCOLN CouNTY: 2 miles northwest of Nashville on road to Logs­ den, Stewa1·d 6228 in 1952 (DS ); along Big Elk Creek northeast NOTES ON CALLITR1CHE-RUBTZOFF 113

of Elk City, Steward 6654 in 1954 (CAS, DS). CALIFORNIA: NAPA CouNTY: ditch along main highway at Hoffman Road cros­ sing, Yountville, Alice A . Ackley, August 29, 1968 (CAS) . All above specimens seem to belong to C. stagnalis f. stagnalis, the commonest phase of the species.

LITERATURE CITED FASSETT, NORl\IAN C. 1951. Callitriche in the New World. Rhodora, 53:137-155, 161-182, 185-194, 209-222. FULLER, TllOMAS C. 1967. Weed pest detection and identification. California Depart­ ment of Agriculture Bulletin, 56 : 99-101. GUD DE, ERWIN G. 1960. California place names. 2nd edition. [14 pages], 383 pages. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. HOWELL, JOHN TITOlliA S 1949. Marin flora. vii+ 323. University of California Pt·ess, Berk­ eley and Los Angeles. HOWELL, JOHN THOMAS, PETER H. RAVEN, and PETER RUBTZOFF 1958. A flora of San Francisco, California. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 16:1-157. HcvrttN, Erne 1960. F lora of the Aleutian Islands and westernmost Alaska Peninsula. 2nd edition. 376 pages, [ 42 pages], 32 plates. Published by J. Cramer, \Veinheim. JEPSON, WILLIS LINN 1936. A flora of California, vol. 2. 684 pages. Associated Students Store, University of California, Berkeley, California. MUNZ , PJIILTP A. 1935. A manual of southern California botany. xxxix+ 642. Clare­ mont Colleges Scripps Publishing Fund, Claremont, California. PORSILD, A. E. 1951. Botany of southeastern Yukon a djacent to the Canol Road. v+400. National Museum of Canada Bulletin no. 121, Ottawa. RAVE:"/, P ETER H. 1963. A flora of San Clemente Island, California. Aliso, 5:289-347. 114 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL. 27, 1969

R UBTZOFF, PETI!:R 1953. A phytogeographical analysis of the Pitkin M:trsh. The W as­ m a nn Journal of Biology, 11 :129-219. TAYLOR. T. M. C. 1966. Vascular flora of British Columbia, preliminary check list. 31 pages. The University of British Columbia. Mimeographed. TliOMAS. J OHN H UN TEil 1961. Flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains of Califomia. viii +434. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.