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Vespoidea: Formicidae (Mravencovití)

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Vespoidea: Formicidae (Mravencovití) ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 16.xi.2007 Supplementum 11, pp. 133-164 ISSN 0231-8571 Vespoidea: Formicidae (mravencovití) Petr WERNER1) & Michal WIEZIK2) 1) Gabinova 823, CZ-152 00 Praha, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Department of Applied Ecology, Technical University in Zvolen, ulica T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Checklist of Formicidae of the Czech Republic and Slovakia is pre- sented: 105 species (including one indoor species) are known from the Czech Republic (82 from Bohemia, and 101 from Moravia), and 108 species (including one indoor species) are known from Slovakia. Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 is new species for the Czech Republic and Slovakia; Tetramorium hungaricum Röszler, 1935, Temnothorax jailensis (Arnol’di, 1970), and Formica foreli Bondroit, 1918 are new for Slovakia. Species with uncertain distribution, although mentioned in the list, were not count toward the total number of species. Inclusion of newly recorded species and exclusion of species reported by incorrect and dubious re- ferences together with taxonomical corrections based on actual knowledge were implied in the paper. Key words. Hymenoptera, Formicidae, checklist, new records, Czech Republic, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia Introduction The family Formicidae includes about 300 Čeleď Formicidae obsahuje okolo 300 genera belonging to 20 extant subfamilies rodů klasifi kovaných do 20 recentních pod- (ENGEL & GRIMALDI 2005). More than 12.000 čeledí (ENGEL & GRIMALDI 2005). Doposud species have been described worldwide bylo z celého světa popsáno více než 12 000 (AGOSTI & JOHNSON 2007). As thermophiles, druhů (AGOSTI & JOHNSON 2007). Mravenci ants are distributed mainly in the tropical jsou teplomilní, a tak jsou rozšířeni především and subtropical regions, where species rich- v tropických a subtropických krajích, kde ness and abundance of this family may be bývá jejich druhová rozmanitost a množství overwhelming (HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990, ohromující (HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990, AGOSTI et al. 2000). More than 600 ant species AGOSTI et al. 2000). V Evropě se vyskytuje belonging to 8 subfamilies occur in Europe více než 600 druhů mravenců, řazených do BOGUSCH P., STRAKA J. & KMENT P. (eds.) 2007: Annotated checklist of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera) of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Komentovaný seznam žahadlových blanokřídlých (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) České republiky a Slovenska. 300 pp. 134 WERNER & WIEZIK: Vespoidea: Formicidae (mravencovití) (approximation from RADCHENKO (2004)). 8 podčeledí (odhad na základě RADCHENKA Currently, 115 ant species from 5 subfamilies (2004)). V současné době známe z České and 30 genera are known from the Czech Re- republiky a Slovenska 115 druhů mravenců public and Slovakia (species with uncertain z 5 podčeledí a 30 rodů (do tohoto počtu neby- distribution were not added toward the total ly zahrnuty nejisté druhy, a to ani takové, které number of species). jsou citovány v přehledu či v poznámkách). Ants represent an old family; fi rst fossil Mravenci jsou starou skupinou hmyzu; records are known from the Cretaceous nejstarší fosilní nálezy pocházejí z křídy (ca 100 milions years ago). Their radiance (stáří cca 100 milionů let). Mohutný rozvoj however is dated much earlier (MOREAU et mravenců však nastal již mnohem dříve al. 2006). (MOREAU et al. 2006). All ants are eusocial vespoid insects, which Všichni mravenci jsou eusociální blanokříd- live in societies with overlapping adult gene- lý hmyz, náležející do nadčeledi Vespoidea. rations. The colonies of all ants in temperate V koloniích mravenců se vyskytují současně zone are perennial, lasting over more years. různé generace dospělců. Mravenčí kolonie For more details about colony life cycle and přezimují, obvykle přetrvávají více let. Detail- generally about biology of ants see HÖLLDOB- nější informace o životním cyklu mravenčí LER & WILSON (1990). kolonie a obecně o biologii mravenců viz No doubt, ants represent a hymenopteran například HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON (1990). family with enormous ecological effect. In Zcela nepochybně jsou mravenci čeledí tropics ants make up as much as 10 % or blanokřídlého hmyzu s enormně velkým more of the total animal biomass in rainforest, ekologickým vlivem. V tropech tvoří při- grasslands and other habitats. They belong nejmenším 10 % celkové biomasy živočichů among principal predators of arthropods deštných lesů a travnatých formací, ale (WILSON 2000) and play a signifi cant role i jiných ekosystémů. Mravenci patří mezi as herbivores (CHERRETT 1986). They have a hlavní predátory členovců (WILSON 2000) profound infl uence in soil turnover and soil a jsou i významnými herbivory (CHERRETT properties. Ants together with Apidae and 1986). Výrazně ovlivňují také promíchávání Drosophilidae belong worldwide among the půdy a půdní vlastnosti. Spolu se včelovitými most studied insect families (GRIMALDI & (Apidae) a octomilkovitými (Drosophilidae) ENGEL 2005). patří k celosvětově nejstudovanějším čeledím The ant fauna of the Czech Republic is hmyzu (GRIMALDI & ENGEL 2005). relatively well-known. An intensive scien- Fauna mravenců České republiky je po- tifi c investigation of ants of the area of the měrně dobře zpracována. Počátky vědeckého Czech Republic has started approximately by studia mravenců na území České republiky middle of the 19th century (for bibliography sahají přibližně do poloviny 19. století (bibli- see ŠEDIVÝ & BEZDĚČKA (2001, 2002)). Intense ografi e viz ŠEDIVÝ & BEZDĚČKA (2001, 2002)). research on faunistics of ants was conducted Intenzivní faunistický výzkum mravenců during 1920s and 1930s, partially initiated by probíhal ve dvacátých a třicátých letech 20. the publishing of Soudek’s Czech monograph století, nejspíše i díky tomu, že v té době on ants (SOUDEK 1922). Outstanding papers SOUDEK (1922) publikoval o mravencích from the culmination of this period are also v češtině na tehdejší dobu výbornou monogra- Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Supplementum 11, 2007 135 from Záleský and Kratochvíl, including a fi i. Další význačné publikace z tohoto období comprehensive faunistic catalogue of ants pocházejí od Záleského a Kratochvíla, včetně (ZÁLESKÝ 1939) with important supplements souhrnného faunistického katalogu (ZÁLESKÝ and comments (KRATOCHVÍL 1940) and an ex- 1939) s důležitými doplňky a komentáři (KRA- tensive paper about ants of Mohelno steppe by TOCHVÍL 1940) a rozsáhlé studie o mraven- KRATOCHVÍL (1944). After World War II some cích Mohelnské hadcové stepi (KRATOCHVÍL other authors continued to work in faunistic 1944). Po druhé světové válce někteří další of former Czechoslovakia, however published autoři pokračovali ve studiu fauny mravenců records and data remained scattered in indi- bývalého Československa, avšak publikované vidual papers (for little more details about nálezy zůstaly roztroušené v řadě dílčích prací history of Czech myrmecology see ZÁLESKÝ (více podrobností o historii české myrmeko- (1938), WERNER (1989), and WERNER & logie viz ZÁLESKÝ (1938), WERNER (1989) BEZDĚČKA (2001)). The last checklist dealing a WERNER & BEZDĚČKA (2001)). Poslední with ant fauna of the former Czechoslovakia seznam mravenců, týkající se fauny bývalého was published by WERNER (1989), followed Československa, byl publikován v roce 1989 by checklists of the Czech Republic (WERNER (WERNER 1989); po rozdělení Československa & BEZDĚČKA 2001) and Slovakia (BEZDĚČKA byl publikován seznam mravenců samostatné 1996), published after dividing of former České republiky (WERNER & BEZDĚČKA 2001) Czechoslovakia. a seznam mravenců Slovenska (BEZDĚČKA The state of knowledge of Slovak ant 1996). fauna is not satisfactory. High geological Znalosti fauny mravenců Slovenska nejsou and geomorfological diversity, together with uspokojivé. Vysoká geologická a geomorfo- unique positioning of Slovakia at the border logická diverzita spolu s mimořádnou pozicí of Carpathian and Pannonian bioregions Slovenska na hranici karpatského a panon- supports high biological diversity (in par- ského bioregionu způsobují značnou biolo- ticular high diversity of ants). Only minor gickou rozmanitost (konkrétně také značnou part of altogether 93 orographic units has rozmanitost mravenců). Jenom menší část been a topic of myrmecological research. Ant z 93 orografických celků Slovenska byla fauna of only few of these units (e.g., Biele myrmekologicky prozkoumána a jenom Karpaty, Malé Karpaty, Zobor, Štiavnické několik málo z nich (např. Biele Karpaty, vrchy) was investigated in detail. BEZDĚČKA Malé Karpaty, Zobor, Štiavnické vrchy) bylo (1996) published list comprising a total of prozkoumáno detailně. BEZDĚČKA (1996) 104 ant species (including 1 indoor species); publikoval seznam mravenců uvádějící 104 the latter author also mentioned a number druhů (včetně 1 zavlečeného) a vyjmenoval i of species he expected to occur in Slovakia. řadu očekávaných druhů. A skutečně, nedáv- Indeed, recent myrmecological research no byly na Slovensku zjištěny další 4 druhy yielded another four ant species recorded in mravenců (WIEZIK 2005a,b, 2006). Tyto nové Slovakia for the fi rst time (WIEZIK 2005a,b, nálezy jen potvrzují, jak málo ještě známe 2006). This new fi ndings only emphasized faunu mravenců Slovenska a jak je potřebný the incomplete knowledge of ant fauna in další intenzivní faunistický výzkum. Slovakia and pointed out the crucial need for Porovnání faun mravenců různých států more intensive research. střední a východní Evropy, založené na 136 WERNER & WIEZIK: Vespoidea: Formicidae (mravencovití)
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