DOCSLIB.ORG

Copyright © 2021 Jordan Harris Edwards All Rights Reserved. The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copyright © 2021 Jordan Harris Edwards All Rights Reserved. The Copyright © 2021 Jordan Harris Edwards All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. PROMISSAM VIM SPIRITUS SANCTI: THE HOLY SPIRIT’S ACTIVITY IN EARLY CARTHAGINIAN PNEUMATOLOGY __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Jordan Harris Edwards January 2021 APPROVAL SHEET PROMISSAM VIM SPIRITUS SANCTI: THE HOLY SPIRIT’S ACTIVITY IN EARLY CARTHAGINIAN PNEUMATOLOGY Jordan Harris Edwards Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Michael A.G. Haykin (Chair) __________________________________________ Stephen O. Presley __________________________________________ Gregg R. Allison Date______________________________ To Lindsay, Without whom I never would have completed this arduous task. “Well, I’m back.” TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... vii PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 Methodology .......................................................................................................3 Historical Summary of the Research ..................................................................4 Argument ............................................................................................................9 Significance .......................................................................................................11 2. ROMAN CARTHAGE .........................................................................................12 Archaeological vs Textual ................................................................................13 Social .................................................................................................................15 Wealth ...................................................................................................... 15 Literacy .................................................................................................... 19 Education ................................................................................................. 21 Philosophical .....................................................................................................23 Political .............................................................................................................28 Roman Imperial Government .................................................................. 28 Persecution and Martyrdom ..................................................................... 30 Religious ...........................................................................................................36 Religious Cults ......................................................................................... 37 Roman Views of “Spirit” ......................................................................... 38 State of Christianity ................................................................................. 40 iv Chapter Page Practice of Christianity ............................................................................ 41 Conclusion ........................................................................................................43 3. THE SPIRIT’S ACTIVITY IN TERTULLIAN’S PRE-MONTANIST WORKS ...............................................................................44 Tertullian’s Life ................................................................................................47 Disputed Chronology ........................................................................................48 The Spirit’s Activity in Tertullian’s Pre-Montanist Works ..............................49 Tertullian’s Interpretive Principles .......................................................... 50 Rule of Faith ............................................................................................ 52 Inspiration and Prophecy ......................................................................... 54 Anointing and Giving Gifts ..................................................................... 65 Strengthening and Training ..................................................................... 75 Salvation .................................................................................................. 84 Baptism .................................................................................................... 85 Conclusion ........................................................................................................88 4. THE SPIRIT’S ACTIVITY IN TERTULLIAN’S MONTANIST WORKS ........90 Tertullian’s Montanist Works ...........................................................................90 Question of Montanism .....................................................................................91 Comparison of Similar Themes ........................................................................99 Rule of Faith ............................................................................................ 99 Inspiration and Prophecy ....................................................................... 101 Anointing and Giving Gifts ................................................................... 109 Strengthening and Training ................................................................... 115 Salvation ................................................................................................ 120 Baptism .................................................................................................. 123 Examination of Different Themes ...................................................................124 Incarnation ............................................................................................. 125 v Chapter Page Persecution ............................................................................................. 126 Ecstasy/Ecstatic Visions ........................................................................ 128 Paraclete ................................................................................................. 131 Conclusion ......................................................................................................144 5. THE SPIRIT’S ACTIVITY IN CYPRIAN’S WORKS ......................................146 Cyprian of Carthage’s Life .............................................................................149 The Spirit’s Activity in Cyprian’s Works .......................................................151 Inspiration and Prophecy ....................................................................... 152 Anointing and Giving Gifts ................................................................... 160 Strengthening and Training ................................................................... 167 Salvation ................................................................................................ 174 Baptism .................................................................................................. 177 Additional Themes ................................................................................. 184 Conclusion ......................................................................................................188 6. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................190 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 197 Primary Works ................................................................................................197 Secondary Works ............................................................................................199 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACW Ancient Christian Writers ANF Ante-Nicene Fathers CCSL Corpus Christianorum Series Latina PL Patrologia Latina SC Sources Chrétiennes vii PREFACE First and foremost, I need to thank the Lord for preserving me through this process and using it to shape me for his glory. This entire process has made me so painfully aware of my own shortcomings, so the fact that I am writing these thanks at the end of this endeavor is entirely a result of his goodness and sustaining power. I am so thankful that I serve a good God whose lovingkindness has been so evident over the last four years. This dissertation would not have been possible without the invaluable assistance of so many people. On a professional level, I want to first acknowledge Bing Bayer, James Smith, and Clint Bass for instilling a love of history in me from my undergrad. I also want to thank the entire history department of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary for their regular encouragement and support in this process, especially Shawn Wright, Stephen Presley, and John Wilsey. From each of these men, I have learned what it means to be a Christian historian of the highest caliber, and I cannot thank them enough for their investment in me, academically and personally, throughout my PhD program. I also want to thank Gregg Allison for agreeing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MARCH 12, 2017 JMJ Dear Parishioners, This Second Week of Lent We Will Again Look at Why We Are Praying the Mass the Way We Are Here at Saint Mary’S
    SECOND S UNDAY OF LENT MARCH 12, 2017 JMJ Dear Parishioners, This second week of Lent we will again look at why we are praying the Mass the way we are here at Saint Mary’s. Mass celebrated ver- sus populum has the danger of putting the gathered community and the priest himself, instead of the Eucharist, as the center of worship. At its worst, a cult of personality can be built up around whichever priest “presider” is funniest and most effusive. Like a comedian playing to an audience, the laughter of the congregation at his quirks and eccentricities can even build up a certain clerical narcissism within himself. The celebration of Mass versus populum places the priest front and center, with all of his eccentricities on display. Even priests such as myself who make every effort to celebrate Mass versus populum with a staidness and sobriety easily succumb to its inherent deficiencies. In fact, celebrating the Mass versus populum is just as distracting to the congregation as it is to the priest. While celebrating Mass ad orientem does not immediately cure every moment of distraction, it provides a concrete step in reorienting the focus of the Mass. It allows for a certain amount of anonymity for the priest, restoring the importance of what he does rather than who he is. By returning the focus to the Eucharist, ad orientem worship also restores a sense of the sacred to the Mass. Recalling Aristotle’s definition of a slave as a “living tool,” Msgr. Ronald Knox encouraged this imagery when thinking of the priest: “[T]hat is what the priest is, a living tool of Jesus Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The churches and the bomb = an analysis of recent church statements from Roman Catholics, Anglican, Lutherans and Quakers concerning nuclear weapons Holtam, Nicholas How to cite: Holtam, Nicholas (1988) The churches and the bomb = an analysis of recent church statements from Roman Catholics, Anglican, Lutherans and Quakers concerning nuclear weapons, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6423/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The Churches and the Bomb = An analysis of recent Church statements from Roman Catholics, Anglican, Lutherans and Quakers concerning nuclear weapons. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Nicholas Holtam M„Ae Thesis Submitted to the University of Durham November 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Confirmation Preparation 2020-2021 Catechists: (A-1) Mrs
    CATHEDRAL OF OUR LADY OF WALSINGHAM PARISH & SHRINE Confirmation Preparation 2020-2021 Catechists: (A-1) Mrs. Keri Cooper, Mrs. Cerita Young (A-2) Mr. John Paul Ewing, Mr. Luke McDonald Overview: The Holy Spirit has guided the Church since the glorious Mystery of Pentecost and continues to be poured out on Christ’s disciples today in the Sacrament of Confirmation. By the laying on of apostolic hands and the sealing in the Spirit, the Confirmand is purified as gold tested in fire for the call to holiness, and is set aside as priest, prophet, and king for the call to evangelization. This course seeks to prepare the child mentally and spiritually for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the Sacrament of Confirmation. Guided by the Four Pillars of the Catechism, we will break open the Creed, the Commandments, the Sacraments, and Prayer as key expressions of Faith. Along the way, we will consider the role of the Holy Spirit as Guide for the Church and for our own personal call to holiness and evangelization, and reflect on the symbols of the Confirmation rituals – sacred oil, the laying on of hands, naming, and fire. Texts: Catechism of the Catholic Church The Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version, 2nd Catholic Edition (RSVCE), Ignatius Press The Creed in Slow Motion, Msgr. Ronald Knox Assorted Handouts (to be distributed by teacher or printed from internet as needed) Class Materials: Black or Blue ink pen, or pencil Notebook Commonplace Book (provided) Google Classroom Code: [ 2mzeki2 ] Here you will find PowerPoints, online resources, and announcements from your Catechists Important Considerations Class Time: Classes are held in Sts.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraqi Archbishop Freed Unharmed After Kidnapping
    Inside Archbishop Buechlein . 5 Editorial . 4 Question Corner . 15 Sunday and Daily Readings . 15 Serving the ChurchCriterion in Central and Souther n Indiana Since 1960 www.archindy.org January 21, 2005 Vol. XXXXIV, No. 15 75¢ Iraqi archbishop freed unharmed after kidnapping VATICAN CITY (CNS)—A Catholic captors had treated him well and freed “This morning, they came to tell me Vatican’s nuncio in Baghdad, Iraq, said it archbishop was freed unharmed in Mosul, him soon after they discovered he was a that even the pope had asked for my was difficult to say whether the kidnap- Iraq, less than 24 hours after he was kid- Catholic bishop. release, and I answered, ‘Thank God.’ On ping was part of a wave of terrorism napped by unidentified gunmen. “I’m very happy to the basis of the conversations I had with before the Jan. 30 national elections or Pope John Paul II thanked God for the be back in the arch- them, I don’t think they wanted to strike simply “an episode of common criminal- happy ending to the ordeal, and the bishop’s residence, the Church as such,” he said. ity.” Vatican said no ransom was paid for the where many friends and Although there were reports that the Asked whether Iraq was ready for the prelate’s release. faithful gathered to kidnappers had asked for a ransom, elections, Archbishop Casmoussa said: “I Syrian-rite Archbishop Basile Georges meet me,” Archbishop Archbishop Casmoussa said he was freed don’t think this is the right moment. The Casmoussa of Mosul was released on Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Church and Conversion
    THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND CONVERSION BY G. K. CHESTERTON Nihil Obstat: Arthur J. Scanlan, S.T.D. Censor Librorum. Imprimatur: Patrick Cardinal Hayes +Archbishop, New York. New York, September 16, 1926. Copyright, 1926 by MacMillan Company EDITOR'S NOTE It is with diffidence that anyone born into the Faith can approach the tremendous subject of Conversion. Indeed, it is easier for one still quite unacquainted with the Faith to approach that subject than it is for one who has had the advantage of the Faith from childhood. There is at once a sort of impertinence in approaching an experience other than one's own (necessarily more imperfectly grasped), and an ignorance of the matter. Those born into the Faith very often go through an experience of their own parallel to, and in some way resembling, that experience whereby original strangers to the Faith come to see it and to accept it. Those born into the Faith often, I say, go through an experience of scepticism in youth, as the years proceed, and it is still a common phenomenon (though not so often to be observed as it was a lifetime ago) for men of the Catholic culture, acquainted with the Church from childhood, to leave it in early manhood and never to return. But it is nowadays a still more frequent phenomenon-- and it is to this that I allude--for those to whom scepticism so strongly appealed in youth to discover, by an experience of men and of reality in all its varied forms, that the transcendental truths they had been taught in childhood have the highest claims upon their matured reason.
    [Show full text]
  • Catholic Truth League
    Catholic Truth League [Date]1 September 2017 Induite vos arma Dei Ineffable Creator, who from the treasures of your wisdom, have established three hierarchies of angels, have arrayed them in marvelous order above the fiery Heavens, and have marshaled the regions of the universe with such artful skill, You are proclaimed the True Font of Light and Wisdom, and the primal origin raised high beyond all things. Pour forth a ray of your brightness into the darkened places of my mind; disperse from my soul the twofold darkness into which I was born: sin and ignorance. You make eloquent the tongues of infants. Refine my speech, and pour forth upon my lips the goodness of your blessings. Grant to me keenness of mind, capacity to remember, skill in learning, subtlety to interpret and eloquence in speech. May you guide the beginning of my work, direct its progress, and bring it to completion. You who are True God and True Man, who live and reign world without end. Amen. (St. Thomas Aquinas) Our Lady of Fatima, Pray for Us! This Week in CTL Meeting Schedule* Topic : Introduction September 1 Callout What is CTL?: September 8 Communion of 1. Our mission is to defend, to live, and to Saints propagate our Catholic faith with fidelity September 15 Divinity of Christ and orthodoxy September 22 Existence of God 2. We meet on Fridays to discuss different topics of study within Catholicism September 29 Purgatory 3. We do host some PCS seminars and a October 13 Marian caroling event at the end of this semester Devotions/Private Revelations Apologetics: October 20 Resurrection of the 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy Spirit and the Early Church: the Experience of the Spirit
    Page 1 of 7 Original Research The Holy Spirit and the early Church: The experience of the Spirit Author: Firstly, the present article explored the occurrence of special gifts of the Holy Spirit (charismata) Johannes van Oort1,2 both in the New Testament and in a number of early Christian writers (e.g. Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Tertullian and Augustine). Secondly, it indicated how this experience of special Affiliations: 1Radboud University charismata exerted its influence on the formulation of the most authoritative and ecumenical Nijmegen, The Netherlands statement of belief, viz. the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople (381). 2Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Introduction My previous article in this journal (Van Oort 2011) gave an outline of the development of the Note: 1 Prof. Dr Johannes van Oort doctrine about the Holy Spirit , with specific reference to ecclesiastical writers of both the Eastern is Professor Extraordinarius and Western traditions. In that article, I also examined the development of early Christian in the Department of Church confessions, during which it was noticed that early Christian creedal formulas always display History and Church Polity of a tripartite structure. The reason for this structure was mainly that baptismal candidates were the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, immersed three times, each immersion coinciding with a question and answer about each of South Africa. the three persons of the Trinity respectively. These formulas eventually developed into fixed symbols. As such, it is understandable why creeds from both the West and the East, such as Correspondence to: the so-called Apostle’s Creed or Symbolum Apostolorum, as well as the Creed of Nicaea of 325 Hans van Oort (which was endorsed and supplemented at the council of Constantinople in 381 and should Email: therefore officially be termed the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople), all speak of the Holy Spirit [email protected] in their third sections.
    [Show full text]
  • Prayers Before & After
    PRAYERS BEFORE & AFTER WELCOME TO THE HOLY SACRIFICE OF THE MASS PRAYER OF SAINT AMBROSE PRAYER OF SAINT BONAVENTURE BEFORE HOLY MASS: AFTER HOLY MASS: CATHOLIC CHURCH I draw near, loving Lord Jesus Christ, to the table of Pierce, O most Sweet Lord Jesus, my your most delightful banquet in fear and trembling, a inmost soul with the most joyous and healthful sinner, presuming not upon my own merits, but wound of Thy love, with true, serene, and most trusting rather in your goodness and mercy. I have a holy apostolic charity, that my soul may ever heart and body defiled by my many offenses, a mind languish and melt with love and longing for TWENTIETH SUNDAY OF ORDINARY TIME - AUGUST 18TH, 2019 and tongue over which I have kept no good watch. Thee, that it may yearn for Thee and faint for Therefore, O loving God, O awesome Majesty, I Thy courts, and long to be dissolved and to be Musings from your Parish Priest: turn in my misery, caught in snares, to you the with Thee. Grant that my soul may hunger after The Blessed Virgin Mary’s bodily Assumption into heaven makes clear to us that there is room for our humanity in heaven. fountain of mercy, hastening to you for healing, Thee, the bread of angels, the refreshment of Mary’s Assumption assures us that what Jesus accomplished in rising from the dead and ascending into heaven was not limited to flying to you for protection; and while I do not look holy souls, our daily and supersubstantial bread, his own Person—even though we are not divine, we too are meant to be in heaven with the Incarnate Son, in his home with the forward to having you as Judge, I long to have you having all sweetness and savor and every delight Father and the Holy Spirit.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mass in Slow Motion 1948
    The Mass in Slow Motion MONSIGNOR RONALD KNOX 1948 To purchase a hard copy of this book: http://www.ccwatershed.org/kids/ NIHIL 0BSTAT: E. C. MEssENGER, Ph.D. CENSOR DEPUTATUS lMPRIMA TUR: E. MoRROGH BERNARD Vrc. GEN. WESTMONASTERH, DIE 24A MAn, 1948 To NicOLA ... To learn more about the Campion Hymnal, please visit: CCWATERSHED.ORG/CAMPION PREFACE IF I HAVE a public, this book, I fear, will be a severe test of its patience. That a priest should put on record his private thoughts about the Mass-there is nothing extravagant in that. But mine were put on record in a highly specialized art-form, that of sermons to school-girls; and this form they still impenitently wear. There are films which a child can frequent only by pretending to be an adult. Here are pages which an adult can enjoy only by pretending to be a child. Nisi efficiamini sicut parvuli . The sermons were preached to the convent school of the Assumption Sisters, which was " evacuated " during the late war from Kensington to Aldenham Park in Shropshire. They appeared afterwards in The Tablet, much abridged; by reducing them to less than half their original size, it was possible to give them the air of a contribution designed for that paper. They are now offered to the public almost in their original form. The few excisions which have been made were made reluctantly; no word I had written but recalled some memory not lightly exor­ cised, and I will not pretend to have finished the business of proof-reading altogether dry-eyed.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixteenth Week in Ordinary Time ……………………………………………………………………………
    SIXTEENTH WEEK IN ORDINARY TIME …………………………………………………………………………… Sun. The Sixteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time July 19 OUR RESPONSE TO JESUS’ CARE FOR US A reflection from St. Bede’s Commentary on Mark’s Gospel Mon. Monday of the 16th Week in Ordinary Time 20 WHAT JESUS ASKS OF US A reflection from Christian Life Day by Day by Leon Cardinal Suenens Tues. Tuesday of the 16th Week in Ordinary Time 21 OUR NEED FOR A DOUBLE PORTION OF GRACE A reflection from A Retreat for Priests by Fr. Ronald Knox Wed. The Feast of St. Mary of Magadala 22 APOSTLE TO THE APOSTLES Homily by Archbishop Arthur Roche Thurs. Thursday of the 16th Week in Ordinary Time 23 WHAT WE NEED TO LEARN FROM MARY A reflection adapted from a sermon by John Henry Cardinal Newman Fri. Friday of the 16th Week in Ordinary Time 24 THE HEALING THAT WE NEED MOST A reflection from a Biblical Commentary by St. Ambrose Sat. Feast of Saint James the Apostle 25 THE RITE OF THE PILGRIM Pope St John Paul II (at Santiago de Compostela) 1 Sunday OUR RESPONSE TO JESUS’ CARE FOR US A reflection from St. Bede’s Commentary on Mark’s Gospel “The apostles returned to Jesus and reported to him everything they had done and taught.” Jesus said to them: “Come away to a place where we can be alone by ourselves and rest awhile.” Another passage in the Gospel shows us why there was a real need to give the disciples some rest: “Many were coming and going and they had no time even to eat”.
    [Show full text]
  • Newman and Last Things, Juan Vélez, “The Downside Review”, CXVIIII, No
    Newman and Last Things, Juan Vélez, “The Downside Review”, CXVIIII, no. 414, (2001), 51-68. Newman and Last Things The encyclical letter Faith and Reason renders John H. Newman and other 19th and 20th century theologians a just recognition for their analysis of the interdependence of faith and reason 1. Newman’s University Sermons were his initial exposition on the subject. The essay On the scope of University Education is a continuation of his study which he completed in The Grammar of Assent. In these works, the Oxford don and later Catholic priest explained the intrinsic relationship between faith and reason. He pointed out the limits of reason, emphasized the reasonableness of faith, and described the complex human assent to revealed truths. Through a renewed understanding of moral consciousness he established the epistemological foundations for a new consideration of faith2. In this article we present an overview of Newman's teaching on eschatology that so far has been the object of few monographic studies3. His approach to revelation and dogma in eschatology could rightly be summarized by St. Anselm’s classical expression fides quarens intellectum. For him, dogmas are windows that peer into the mysteries of faith; they always allow for deeper understanding. Newman defended the dogmas on life after death confessed by the creeds, but sought a richer understanding of these truths, especially that of purification after death. In his Parochial and Plain Sermons and in The Dream of Gerontius he addressed these truths, albeit from a pastoral perspective, and 1 Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio, Editrice Vaticana, Vatican, 1998, n.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latin Vulgate As an “Auxiliary Tool” of Translation
    QL 97 (2016) 141-170 doi: 10.2143/QL.97.3.3197403 © 2016, all rights reserved THE LATIN VULGATE AS AN “AUXILIARY TOOL” OF TRANSLATION Historical Perspectives on Liturgiam Authenticam On March 28, 2001, the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Disci- pline of the Sacraments under the leadership of Cardinal Jorge Medina Estévez released the Fifth Instruction for the implementation of Sacrosanc- tum concilium. Entitled Liturgiam authenticam, “On the Use of Vernacular Languages in the Publication of the Books of the Roman Liturgy,” it pre- scribes the use of the Latin Vulgate as an “auxiliary tool” in the textual production of Scriptural translations for the vernacular liturgical books (no. 24). With regard to the vernacular lectionary in particular, it adds that “[i]f the biblical translation from which the Lectionary is composed exhib- its readings that differ from those set forth in the Latin liturgical text, it should be borne in mind that the Nova Vulgata Editio is the point of refer- ence as regards the delineation of the canonical text. Thus, in the transla- tion of the deuterocanonical books and wherever else there may exist var- ying manuscript traditions, the liturgical translation must be prepared in accordance with the same manuscript tradition that the Nova Vulgata has followed” (no. 37).1 This post-conciliar policy of Biblical translation soon became a matter of controversy. In a letter to the US Conference of Catholic Bishops dated August 13, 2001, the Executive Board of the Catholic Biblical Association of America aired its criticism against the curial document: Our main concerns have to do with the presentation of the Nova Vulgata as the model for Scripture translations in various ways and the provisions that translations conform to it, even to the point of requiring conformity to the Nova Vulgata in the tradition of original language manuscripts used for translation.
    [Show full text]