DOCSLIB.ORG

Recapitulation of Genus Dinogamasus Mite (Acri/Mesostimata:Laelapidae ) on Carpenter Bee from India, with Description of a New Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Recapitulation of Genus Dinogamasus Mite (Acri/Mesostimata:Laelapidae ) on Carpenter Bee from India, with Description of a New Species JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 3, 2020 RECAPITULATION OF GENUS DINOGAMASUS MITE (ACRI/MESOSTIMATA:LAELAPIDAE ) ON CARPENTER BEE FROM INDIA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES R. B. Andhale1, Aswini Pai2, Kalpana Pai3, R.S. Pandit4 Entomology Research Lab, Centre for advanced studies, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune India1. Department of Biology, St. Lawrance University, New York, USA2. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Phoretic mite species belong to genus Dinogamasus collected from large carpenter bees. Description and illustration of this new phoretic mite base on adult female are presented. The genus of Dinogamasus has recapitulated in India after ninety years. Key word: Xylocopa, Taxonomy, Phoretic mites, bee parasite Introduction: Mites are most successful free living organism adapted in parasitic, terrestrial, and aquatic habitat with highly diverse group among the arachnid (Oconnor 1982). A number of bees species have various kind of association with mites such as mutualistic, parasitoid, cleptoparasitic and commensal etc. Xylocopa bee is associated with Dinogamasus mites (Vitzthum 1930). Out of these associations, phoresy is a well known example. These are free living but most of time facultative associated with invertebrates for phoresy (temporarily use large organism for transportation or spend entire life cycle with host) as deutonymphs family of astigmatids like laelapidae, Chetodactylidae, and Canestriniidae (Oconnor 1982). Senertia genus has about sixty species of deutonymphs collected from carpenter bee (Baker & Delfinado-Baker 1983; Fain 1981; Ramaraju and Mohanasundaram 2001). Senertia Oudemans, 1905, is belonging family of chaetodactylidae, which is largest group of phoretic mites associates with carpenter bees (Eickwort 1994). In 1976, Delfinado and Baker described four new species: Senertia americana on carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica from New York,USA; Senertia ignota from Peru found on unidentified carpenter bee. They were observed motile hypopus of senertia genus on dead honey bee collected from Guatemala (Baker and Delfinado-Baker 1983). First time descried two new species phoretic mites; Senertia punctatus and Senertia xylocopi collected on Carpenter bee from West Bengal, India (Sarangi et al. 2014). In india, 31 species are reported in senertia genus (Putatunda and Abrol 2003; Ramaraju and Mohanasundaram 2001). Phoretic mites have distinctive dispersal deutonymphs i.e. hypopi, which posess extended body design for their functional activity, sclerotized skin protect from dessicstion in dry environment, post ventral suckers as anchoring organs, claw and pretarsi to grasp host body and so on(Eickwort 1994; Fain and Schuster 1984; Oconnor 1982). Phoretic mites have reported on various genus of bee such as Apis, Megachile, Xylocopa and wasp in the largest part of the world (Eickwort 1994). Two species of Dinogamasus and Senertia had collected from first metasomal segment of carpenter bee westwood in India (Oudemans 1903) Dinogamasus genus reported that three species collected from carpenter bee (Le Veque 1930). In Oriental and Afrotropical region, Dinogamasus genus have 45 species are described till today in oriental and afro-tropical realm (Lundqvist 1999). Dinogamasus kazerunensis new species recently reported from middle east region (Joharchi et al. 2016). In present study, new species of genus Dinogamasus collected from carpenter bees from Maharashtra India are illustrated and described. 980 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 3, 2020 Material and Method: Adult carpenter bee (Xylocopa sp) was mainly collected Solanum melongena flower of agricultural farm from Pune District Maharashtra, (18°46'N, 73°33'E to 18°36'N, 74°10'E) from February 2015 to January 2017. Bees were collected by sweep net and placed individually in vials of Absolute ethanol. The collected bee was stored at - 20ºC in deep freeze. Aggregation on host body was photographed under stereomicroscope (Lieca EZ4) and bright field microscope. The size was measured with digital software. In ordered to closely investigated the metasomal acarinarium, and to measure its length and width. Some mites were treated with hexamethyl disalsine (Ciancio et al., 2013) then sent to photographed under FESEM (Magnovo FESEM ) at Central instrumentation facilities, Savitribai Phule Pune university. Before photographing, frozen bees were thawed at room temperature (25ºC). The distribution of mites on bee body was investigated. We were randomly collected up to 3- 5 mites from different body part of carpenter bee. These part of bee body, which together found of high majority of mites on bee. All collected mites were mounted in lactic acid. Few mites were treated with lactophenol, and then dissect out hypostome, chelicerae and legs. After dissection, hypostomes, legs and chelicerae were mounted in polyvinylalcol phenol (PVLP) media on slide. The specimens were identified for species and length, width and size of idosoma, leg, setae and suckers of each mite. Specimens were identified by comparison with published literature and illustration without recourse of type specimen. The minute observation of mite grasped firmly was measured on the FESEM Photographs. Holotype of species is deposited in the Zoology museum, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra. Genus Dinogamasus Kramer The genus Dinogamasus Kramer had complex nomenclature history appraised by Le Veque (1930) and Lundqvist (1999) Key of genus Dinogamasus 1.Body at least 2.4 mm. long; dorsal shield and posterior margin of body sparingly covered with fine short hairs; peritrematalium continuous with dorsal shield; second pair of sternal hairs placed lateral to sternal shield but not on the shield; all coxal spines similar..............................2 Body not over 2.4 mm. long; dorsal shield and entire margin of body covered with moderately long hairs; peritrematalium not continuous with dorsal shield; second pair of sternal hairs placed on sternal shield near the posterior corners. coxal spines not uniform in size and shape ....................... philippinensis. 2.Dorsal shield not entirely covering posterior lateral margins of body; genu I and tibia I with three blunt cones basal …………………perkinsi. Dorsal shield practically covering body except at notch; Genu I with six blunt cones; tibia I with three basal cones and one midway-outer cone. …………………….piperi. 4. Dorsal shield covered whole body except notch and small hairs at midline and entire margin of body covered with long hairs. Genu I and tibia I with three dorsal side, and one other directed bulbiform setae at basal; claw bear outer spines with three flap of ambulacrum membrane ...…………….Punensis. Result: Systematics Family Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891 Subfamily Laelapidae Berlese, 1892 Tribe Dinogamasus Kramer, 1898 981 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 3, 2020 Dinogamasus punensis This species has represented by Dorsum hypertrichous found unpaired lateral setae at margin, holodorsal shield: Stigma is reduced with peritoneum at dorsal shield, dorso-ventrally flattened sterna shields with setae: Sternal shield and Epigynal shield distinctly separated; st 3 at off shield; coxal spines are not uniform in shape and size and anal shield. Hypostomal groove without denticles. Corniculi well-sclerotized; palp tarsal claw with two pointed tines. Genu IV with 11 setae (2 2/1 3/1 2), genu I with seta pd3 present (2 3/2 3/1 2). Femora III–IV with seven setae Holotype: ♀, India, Pune agro-ecosystem, (18°46'N,73°33'E to 18°36'N,74°10'E) February 2015 to January 2017, R. B. Andhale coll. from pouch of propodium of female carpenter bee (Xylocopa sp.) (Fig. 1A), 5 paratype same data as holotype and host carpenter bee has deposited in department of Zoology, SPPU, Pune Etymology: This specific name is derived from primary collection locality, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Description: Female: Length 1570 µ-1840 µ, Width 908 µ- 1010 µ, Leg I 1260 µ, Leg II 1040 µ, Leg III 935 µ; Leg IV 1250 µ. Dorsal Idosoma: This Species shape is oval and yellow- brown color. Dorsal hypertrichous bear irregular setae at margin. It has seen fissure and pores on hypertrichous. Dorsum shield have about 118 pair with variable length of setae. Central Portion of dorsal shield bears 14 pairs of setae. Shield is centrally broad and tapering at both ends (fig. 1a D-E). Leg have distinguish characters, leg I genu bear 4 well chitinized small blunt cones, direction, one at apical basal outer, 03 are at dorsal site of legs. Tibia I 4, Tarsus I 4, with two coxal spines has found. The lateral site seen stigma with extended with peritrems upto second leg of coxa. Figure 1a: D & E- SEM of Dorsal and Ventral Idosoma. 982 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 3, 2020 Ventral Idiosoma: Sternal shield is parallelism shape each corner bear sterna setae viz. st1and st2. Sternal shiled length 141µ and width 263µ. Sternal setae st3 is situated at off site of sterna shield. Sternal shield and epigynal shield distinctly separated. The st4 located at anterior side of epigynal shield. Anal sucker is diminutive and extended at posterior. (Fig 1B-C) Figure 1: A- Mites on metasomal acarinarium B & C- Dorsal and Ventral Idosoma : D & E- SEM of Dorsal and Ventral Idosoma. Gnathosoma.: Subcapitular groove without rows of denticles. Hypostome with three pairs of setae, internal posterior hypostomal setae h3 longest 51 (50 –52), long enough to reach past palp coxal setae, h2 23 (20 -23), h1 30 (30–31), palp coxal setae swollen at the base 52 (50–53) (fig 2B). Corniculi has short, sclerotised; internal malae separate, fine, pointed and smooth. Lateral malae arms absent. Palp setal counts: trochanter 2 (v2 swollen at the base), femur 4 (one long ventral seta, not long enough to reach to tip of palp), genu 5, tibia 11 (several setae thickened and modified), tarsus 13; palp apotele two- tined. Chelicera sclerotised, fixed digit of chelicera reduced and edentate, much shorter than half the length of the movable digit, pilus dentilis in tip of fixed digit and four dorsal setae present; movable digit with two tiny teeth (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hymenoptera) Associated with Crops and Ornamental Plant in Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
    International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences ISSN: 2455-9571 Volume 4, Issue 5, pp: 195-206, 2019 http://www.ijzab.com https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo Research Article DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF BEES (HYMENOPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH CROPS AND ORNAMENTAL PLANT IN OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA Oyewole O.A.1, Oyelade O.J.1* and Ogbogu S.S.2 1Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Article History: Received 16th May 2019; Accepted 27th June 2019; Published 9th October 2019 ABSTRACT This study investigated the various species of bees in the Order Hymenoptera responsible for pollinating crop and ornamental plants in Obafemi Awolowo University (O.A.U.), Ile-Ife, and the study covered habitat preference, abundance and distribution of the bee species in various seasons. This was with a view to identifying and documenting the diversity of bees pollinating agricultural and ornamental plants for a meaningful conservation and management of insects in Nigeria. Bees collection was done using standard sweep net, to collect free range bees species on the sites. Standard yellow pan traps were also set using pineapple as bait to entice bees. Trapped bees were collected and baits were changed on daily basis. The bees were described and identified to species level using existing bee taxonomic keys. Host plants visited by the bee species were identified in the Natural History Museum Herbarium (UNIFEM) and Department of Botany Herbarium (IFE) in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Paleontological Statistic Software Package (PAST) was used to analyze the collected data.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 1. Bird Island: Physical Map, with Position of Tern Colony and Location of Vegetation Plots
    Approximate of Sooty Ter~ Leqend (XI Vegetat~onplots 9 Building 6 Beach 200 metres Figure 1. Bird Island: Physical map, with position of tern colony and location of vegetation plots. BIRD MICHAEL J. HILL', TERENCE M. VEL', KATHRYN J. HOLM^, STEVEN J. PARR~ and NIRMAL J. SHAH' GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE Bird is the northernmost island of the Seychelles, lying around 90 km north of Mahe, the largest of the granitic Seychelles, at the northern edge of the Seychelles bank. Different published sources vary in the estimated area of Bird Island with figures of c. 70 ha given by Feare (1979), 82 ha in Stoddart and Fosberg (1981), 101 ha in Skerrett et al. (2001), and 120.7 ha from recent aerial photographs (Ministry of Land Use and Habitat, Seychelles, unpublished data). In part, this variation may be explained by seasonal or longer-term variations in the vegetated area of the island; Bird Island is relatively dynamic, experiencing considerable coastal changes over time (Feare, 1979). The maximum elevation is less than 4 m above sea level. Unlike the majority of islands on the Seychelles Bank, Bird has no exposed granite and it is entirely formed of reef-derived sands. The accumulation of guano on sand deposits has led to the formation of phosphatic sandstone over 26% of the island's surface (Baker, 1963). Phosphatic sandstone is concentrated in a central band; the island's coastal zone is entirely sandy. Most of the original guano has now been removed for export. The soils of Bird Island are of two main series; over the central phosphatic sandstone area, Jemo series soils (missing their upper layer of guano) occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinator Biodiversity in Uganda and in Sub- Sahara Africa: Landscape and Habitat Management Strategies for Its Conservation
    International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 3(11), pp. 551-609, 19 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC ISSN 2141-243X ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Pollinator biodiversity in Uganda and in Sub- Sahara Africa: Landscape and habitat management strategies for its conservation M. B. Théodore MUNYULI1, 2 1Department of Biology, National Center for Research in Natural Sciences, CRSN-Lwiro, D.S. Bukavu, South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. 2Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Namasagali Campus, Busitema University., P .0. Box. 236, Tororo, eastern Uganda. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Tel: +256-757356901, +256-772579267, +243997499842. Accepted 9 July, 2011 Previous pollinator faunistic surveys conducted in 26 different sites indicated that farmlands of central Uganda supported more than 650 bee species, 330 butterfly species and 57 fly species. Most crop species grown in Uganda are pollinator-dependents. There is also a high dependency of rural communities on pollination services for their livelihoods and incomes. The annual economic value attributable to pollinating services delivered to crop production sector was estimated to be worth of US$0.49 billion for a total economic value of crop production of US$1.16 billion in Uganda. Despite the great contribution of pollinators to crop yields, there is still lack of knowledge of their
    [Show full text]
  • A Plant Ecological Study and Management Plan for Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Centre, Gauteng
    A PLANT ECOLOGICAL STUDY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MOGALE’S GATE BIODIVERSITY CENTRE, GAUTENG By Alistair Sean Tuckett submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the subject ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF. L.R. BROWN DECEMBER 2013 “Like winds and sunsets, wild things were taken for granted until progress began to do away with them. Now we face the question whether a still higher 'standard of living' is worth its cost in things natural, wild and free. For us of the minority, the opportunity to see geese is more important that television.” Aldo Leopold 2 Abstract The Mogale’s Gate Biodiversity Centre is a 3 060 ha reserve located within the Gauteng province. The area comprises grassland with woodland patches in valleys and lower-lying areas. To develop a scientifically based management plan a detailed vegetation study was undertaken to identify and describe the different ecosystems present. From a TWINSPAN classification twelve plant communities, which can be grouped into nine major communities, were identified. A classification and description of the plant communities, as well as, a management plan are presented. The area comprises 80% grassland and 20% woodland with 109 different plant families. The centre has a grazing capacity of 5.7 ha/LSU with a moderate to good veld condition. From the results of this study it is clear that the area makes a significant contribution towards carbon storage with a total of 0.520 tC/ha/yr stored in all the plant communities. KEYWORDS Mogale’s Gate Biodiversity Centre, Braun-Blanquet, TWINSPAN, JUICE, GRAZE, floristic composition, carbon storage 3 Declaration I, Alistair Sean Tuckett, declare that “A PLANT ECOLOGICAL STUDY AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MOGALE’S GATE BIODIVERSITY CENTRE, GAUTENG” is my own work and that all sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references.
    [Show full text]
  • Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa
    SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Four Bee(Hymenoptera: Apidae) Associated Mite Species
    Journal of Species Research 5(1):27-30, 2016 First record of four bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) associated mite species (Acari) from Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Jenö Kontschán1,*, Mi Jeong Jeon2, Jeong Mi Hwang3 and Hong Yul Seo2 1Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 102, Hungary 2Animal Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Gyoungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Inchoen 404-708, Korea 3Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] Four mite species (Acari: Scutacaridae: Scutacarus acarorum (Goeze, 1780), Chaetodactylidae: Sennertia alfkeni (Oudemans, 1900); Ascidae: Proctolaelaps longanalis (Westerboer, 1963), Laelapidae: Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) marginepilosa (Sellnick, 1938) are found on the body of bees deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. The host bee species were collect in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; the found four species are collected at first time in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Keywords: bee, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, first records, Mites Ⓒ 2016 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2016.5.1.027 in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in some field INTRODUCTION trips in 70’s and 80’s. These bee specimens were col- lected by butterfly net and after were deposited in the The bees (Insecta: Apidae) have a very important role Hymenoptera Collection of the Hungarian Natural His- in the pollination of natural and the agricultural ecosys- tory Museum. During the studies of the bee associated tems (Morandin et al., 2001). Beside the most important mites, we found four species on the Korean bee materi- honeybees, the bumble bees and the carpenter bees have al.
    [Show full text]
  • Biosearch 2004 Report
    Biosearch Nyika: Malawi 2004 Edited by Marianne J Overton FOREWORD Peter Overton It is ten years since the Biosearch Nyika project was first mooted and agreement with the Director of National Parks and Wildlife obtained for our exploration of the remoter parts of the Nyika National Park. Over this period the teams have focused mainly on the northern part of the park where patrolling has been very limited and our gathering of intelligence has been most helpful to the Nyika management. In 2004 we undertook the most challenging expedition to date, launched from the extreme north of the park at Uledi, a four-hour drive from Thazima. The team‟s first challenge was to cross the unbridged North Rukuru River with all their supplies. They then had to climb up the western escarpment of the Mpanda ridge to a point on the Mpero River, where they set up a Base Camp, from which to launch out on their surveys. The greatest achievement was to climb both Mpanda and Kawozya and discover the remote Bleak House, now derelict but offering stunning views over Lake Malawi and far beyond. At this point they could certainly claim to be in remote country since this old site is much talked about but very rarely seen by visitors. We have yet to have clear information about who built it, when and why. Perhaps it was a holiday „retreat‟ for Livingstonia or a staging post for missionaries who conducted business on the west of the Nyika National Park and into Zambia. In many ways this expedition was the pinnacle of logistical achievement.
    [Show full text]
  • Bee Conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: Diversity, Status and Threats Connal D
    Bee conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: diversity, status and threats Connal D. Eardley, Mary Gikungu, Michael P. Schwarz To cite this version: Connal D. Eardley, Mary Gikungu, Michael P. Schwarz. Bee conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: diversity, status and threats. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2009, 40 (3), 10.1051/apido/2009016. hal-00892023 HAL Id: hal-00892023 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00892023 Submitted on 1 Jan 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 40 (2009) 355–366 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2009 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido/2009016 Review article Bee conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: diversity, status and threats* Connal D. Eardley1,MaryGikungu2, Michael P. Schwarz3 1 Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, 0121, Pretoria, South Africa 2 Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya 3 School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia Received 14 October 2008 – Revised 2 February 2009 – Accepted 4 February 2009 Abstract – Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar contain a wealth of bee diversity, with particularly high levels of endemicity in Madagascar.
    [Show full text]
  • A Transitional Fossil Mite (Astigmata: Levantoglyphidae Fam. N.) from the Early Cretaceous Suggests Gradual Evolution of Phoresy‑Related Metamorphosis Pavel B
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A transitional fossil mite (Astigmata: Levantoglyphidae fam. n.) from the early Cretaceous suggests gradual evolution of phoresy‑related metamorphosis Pavel B. Klimov1,2*, Dmitry D. Vorontsov3, Dany Azar4, Ekaterina A. Sidorchuk1,5, Henk R. Braig2, Alexander A. Khaustov1 & Andrey V. Tolstikov1 Metamorphosis is a key innovation allowing the same species to inhabit diferent environments and accomplish diferent functions, leading to evolutionary success in many animal groups. Astigmata is a megadiverse lineage of mites that expanded into a great number of habitats via associations with invertebrate and vertebrate hosts (human associates include stored food mites, house dust mites, and scabies). The evolutionary success of Astigmata is linked to phoresy‑related metamorphosis, namely the origin of the heteromorphic deutonymph, which is highly specialized for phoresy (dispersal on hosts). The origin of this instar is enigmatic since it is morphologically divergent and no intermediate forms are known. Here we describe the heteromorphic deutonymph of Levantoglyphus sidorchukae n. gen. and sp. (Levantoglyphidae fam. n.) from early Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (129 Ma), which displays a transitional morphology. It is similar to extant phoretic deutonymphs in its modifcations for phoresy but has the masticatory system and other parts of the gnathosoma well‑ developed. These aspects point to a gradual evolution of the astigmatid heteromorphic morphology and metamorphosis. The presence of well‑developed presumably host‑seeking sensory elements on the gnathosoma suggests that the deutonymph was not feeding either during phoretic or pre‑ or postphoretic periods. Te evolution of metamorphosis is thought to have generated an incredible diversity of organisms, allowing them to exploit diferent habitats and perform diferent functions at diferent life stages1–5.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinators and Pollination: a Resource Book for Policy and Practice Editors: Connal Eardley, Dana Roth, Julie Clarke, Stephen Buchmann and Barbara Gemmill
    PollinatorsPollinators andand Pollination:Pollination: "SFTPVSDFCPPLGPS QPMJDZBOEQSBDUJDF &EJUPST $POOBM&BSEMFZ %BOB3PUI +VMJF$MBSLF 4UFQIFO#VDINBOO BOE#BSCBSB(FNNJMM Pollinators and pollination: A resource book for policy and practice Editors: Connal Eardley, Dana Roth, Julie Clarke, Stephen Buchmann and Barbara Gemmill February 2006: First edition Published by the African Pollinator Initiative (API). Copyright © February 2006. All rights reserved. With funding from the US Department of State. Acknowledgements The US State Department for financial support, and the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa, for substantial in-kind support in the editing of this book. The contributors and their employers are thanked for contributing to the book and Dino Martins and Elsa van Niekerk are thanked for the cover art and graphic design. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of any government or other body represented in its creation, or its sponsors. Design, layout and production management Kapela Publications Management. www.kapela.co.za Produced and distributed by African Pollinator Initiative (API). Contact: Dr Connal Eardley, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Queenswood, 0121, Pretoria, South Africa, [email protected] ISBN: 1-86849-310-5 Pollinators and pollination: A resource book for policy and practice Contents Foreword.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ix
    [Show full text]
  • Mite Faunas and Morphology of Acarinaria on Japanese and Taiwanese Large Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    J. Acarol. Soc. Jpn., 14 (2): 105-115. November 25, 2005 The Acarological Society of Japan http://acari.ac.affrc.go.jp/ 105 Mite Faunas and Morphology of Acarinaria on Japanese and Taiwanese Large Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Kimiko OKABE* and Shun’ichi MAKINO Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8687, Japan (Received 28 September 2005; Accepted 25 October 2005) ABSTRACT We examined structures of acarinaria and phoretic mite faunas of the large carpenter bees Xylocopa amamensis, X. flavifrons, X. albinotum, and X. ogasawarensis from Japan, and compared them with those of X. tranquebarorum and X. ruficeps from Taiwan. While the first three Japanese Xylocopa bees had acarinaria both on the mesosoma and on the first metasomal tergum like the common Japanese large carpenter bee, X. appendiculata circumvolans, X. ogasawarensis did not have distinctive mesosomal acarinaria. Xylocopa tranquebarorum, which nests in bamboo, did not have either kind of acarinarium. Of the species examined, only X. ruficeps had a distinctive metasomal acarinarium, which was a deep, round cavity that opened on the first metasomal tergum. All mites except for Dinogamasus were collected from host’s mesosoma, wing base furrows, mesosomal acarinaria and the metasomal acarinarium. We collected mites of two Sennertia spp. (alfkeni, japonica) and Horstia helenae from the Japanese bees. The Taiwanese bees also carried Sennertia and Horstia mites but probably of different species. Only X. ruficeps carried mesostigma- tid mites (Dinogamasus sp.) in the metasomal acarinarium. We suggest that Sennertia deutonymphs are well adapted to be phoretic on the large carpenter bees with specialized body structures such as attachment organs and hook-like pretarsal claws as seen in other astigmatids phoretic on bees.
    [Show full text]
  • 21 March 2017 CURRICULUM VITAE Barry M. Oconnor Personal Born
    21 March 2017 CURRICULUM VITAE Barry M. OConnor Personal Born November 9, 1949, Des Moines, Iowa, USA Citizenship: USA. Education Michigan State University, 1967-69. Major: Biology. Iowa State University, 1969-71. B.S. Degree, June, 1971, awarded with Distinction. Major: Zoology; Minors: Botany, Education. Cornell University, 1973-79. Ph.D. Degree, August, 1981. Major Subject: Acarology; Minor Subjects: Insect Taxonomy, Vertebrate Ecology. Professional Employment Research Zoologist, Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California; October, 1979 - September, 1980. Assistant Professor of Biology/Assistant Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; October, 1980 - December, 1986. Associate Professor of Biology/Associate Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; January, 1987 - April 1999. Professor of Biology/Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; September 1999 - June 2001. Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology/Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; July 2001-present Visiting Professor, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; January-February, 1985. Visiting Professor, The Acarology Summer Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; June-July 1980 - present. Honors, Awards and Fellowships National Merit Scholar, 1967-71. B.S. Degree awarded with Distinction, 1971. National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1973-76. Cornell University Graduate Fellowship, 1976-77. 2 Tawfik Hawfney Memorial Fellowship, Ohio State University, 1977. Outstanding Teaching Assistant, Cornell University Department of Entomology, 1978. President, Acarological Society of America, 1985. Fellow, The Willi Hennig Society, 1984. Excellence in Education Award, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, 1995 Keynote Speaker, Acarological Society of Japan, 1999.
    [Show full text]